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_Part I . 
A PartliO. Binl'losrctphy 
of 
Dr. Ednoiid H-tlley, 

(ir,r.r,~i74;0, 

tith 

Ilfetys 0:1 Other Subjects, 

GovitA'ibulifid by 

Eugene Pairfielcl McPike, 

to the 

L one) on NotHS i^xivl Queries, 
"(ninth series')". 

INDEX : 



Subj e-ct. 


Volume. 


Page. 


HAL-LFIY, 


X. 


361. 


HA.T;LP.Y, 


xi. 


85,205,366,463 


liAJJ/EY, 


xi 1 • 


125,185, 266,464 


DmWNT, 


xi. 


87. 


Pike, 


xi. 


368. 


Pike, 


xii. 


468. 


BOOTH {J,^.) 


xii. 


25,396. 


LINOOLM (A.) 


xii. 


226,427. 


PETKR the Gr* 


3at,xi.l. 


127. 


ROSCOI'.'I'IOK 






and POPT'], 


xi i , 


313. 


SIM0OE,(Lt.C( 


3l. 




J. a.) 


xii. 


46. 




^ J 3 J J , 


'^3 3 5, J 

' 3 > 3 1 

» 



1. 1-. rrv^'^ihj^^ 



^ ft « t 

ft I * «• 



y 



^n^ 






, • ' I ' I n. 



NOTES ON THF. DESCEMD/iNTS OP 

JA??ES McPlKB (1751 ? 18k.5 ) 



^y Ettgeiie "Fairfield "^'cPike, Chicle, Illinois 

All «lasses ©f Europew^n society, as 
has been remarked, contributed t© swell 
the list of early Ariarieaa colonists* 
There were ©nigrante ©f hij^^jn c*nc5 ©f low 
de.-^ree; nobleraea trained for statesmiun- 
ship and ethers vintitled but equally noble 
wh« were their c©rapeer« in the fulfiilzaent 
©f all publie and private duties; prc^^h- 
er» arid pedagdJgues ssekin^ now fiel4; 
mechanics jic workers in every department 
©f industry. Te these we must add a nia- 
er©us corte/»;e fitted by educatien ©r by 
nature for the prac'iice cf the arts of v/i.jr. 
Under this latter he««:l is t© be placed 
"OaiJtain" (?) Jaraes McPike (1751 ? 18id5), 
whe appears t© have rait^^ratcd from Dublin, 
Ireland, (a) t© Baltimore, Haryl^aid, in 
177;^ (b). Ail traditienal accounts 
ascribe t© hia a purely Scetch descent, 
at least in the direct, raale line. The 
facts coacoming his raaternal ancestry 
are not qidte clear; pessibly, his father 
was married twice, first to a ?!iss Stiiart 
©r Stewart, of Edinburgh (c) and, second, 
t© a^Miss Haley, Haly er Henley, ©f Lin- 
den (d ); ©r it may be that J.imes» paternal 
grandfather married a ntuart and their sen 
married a Ilaley ©r Halley, The writer's 
pergonal opinion (it is ©nly an opinion) 
is in favor of the last hypethesis. The 
avera^r^e, patriotic Aneriean wh© am vfith 
certai-nty trace his lineage from en© or 
more progenitors residing i^ this couiUn'' 
prior to the date ©f the declaration of 
Independence, is therewith content. (€) 



(2> 

After the do £30 of the Revoliiti©nary 
War, in which he aetively participated (f), 
Ja'^;ie8 J.tcPike married Martha rto^mtaia, 
dau^ter of J. Mountain "from New Jer- 
sey • (e'5). They continued t© reside for 
some years in New Jersey (h) or in Maryland 
(i). Possibly, they maj^ have removed to 
PoimsylVc^ia,in the archives of wiiich 
Stat© the Ciuri'^aia© HcPlke frequently 
appears (j ). Turin,'^, the winter of 
1794-95, they were at Wheeling, where 
their third son John was bona the 4th or 
5th Febr'aar>^,1795, Thence durin,^ the 
s^ie year, .Tixmes McPike and his rising 
funily journeyed by fiat-boat down the 
Ohio River, to some point in Ohio (k ) or 
to ITaysville, in Kentucky. Of thifc 
"vGyage** we have no accoxmt save a 
traditional reference or tv70 t© sorae 
Indians who were seen en route, and 
to certtiin narrow esccipes. However, a 
ver^' fair description of tiuch a trip , 
probably identical in most particulcirs 
with the one just raentioned, repiains t© 
us in the '•Journal'* of nuptain Moses 
Guost, the father-in-law of John McPike, 
or M'Pike, ^^ the latter wrote his najie.d) 
Captain ^luost was a native of Ne?/ -runswiclj: 
Mev/ Jersey, ^yhich he left on Bept^nber 
Ji9,1617, "bound for Cincinnati." We quote 
from his "Journal,'* as folloY/8:-(m ) 

••October 29. Left Pittsburg this day, 
in a flat bot%<^ed boat; its length 30 
feet, and breadth 12. The sides and one 
end, were boarded \ip about six feet hi^, 
a space of about five feet bein^ left 
©pea at the other end. Tiiere v/as a ti^ht 
roof over the boat, which extended as far 



r?*-, 



(3) 

the sides wer ; b0ijur<3ed up, Just leuvinf; 
roc^ for two oars, one on each side, for 
the purpose of steering, as our only 
depen<!l©nc^^ for get tin?? on was the 
current ;- thsre was a fire pliic on one 
side of the boat. A great prcporticai of 
the fsmilios which migrate to the wei^tern 
country, descend th© Ohio in boats similar 
to the ono hsrs described. 

"October 30. At 6 A.M. up with 

leubenville, ?0 miles SW. of Pittsburg, 
by water, tind 38, by liOid. It is situated 
on the north bcmk ©f the Ohio, find con- 
t&tins thr ;e churches, an ext(?n&ive woolen 
and cotton fiictory, un «iCdtderay,a«tl' two 
banks, ia)6 a printin.^^-office. Its 
pcpulcition was, in 1' .iC, 2539. At ^ P.H. 
liindcd at ''(heeling, a hajidsome to^m on 
the P>E. bank of the Ohio, in the stute 
©f Virginia. It is 84 miles from 
Pittsburg, by \vater, and 67 by l*And; in 
1817, it contained a court-house, ct church, 
and about 200 houses. 'Hrie United states* 
icxxKXHi; tuni-pike road meets the Ohi© 
at tliis place. It is a flourishing town, 
and is a formidable riyal t© Pittsburgh." 

Little more is known of Juaes HcPike 
and his children that has previously 
been publi shad(n) . He removed fro© Ifciys- 
vilie to "ashington, Kentucky, and spent 
his declining years at the home of his 
eldest son, Joseph McPike, Hewport, Ken- 
tucky, where he died, in 18id5 (o ) 

Junes McPike and Martha Heiu'itain, his 
wife, had:- (p) 



<J. i. Joseph, date and plaee of birth 

unknown (q). He conducted 
m, hat-store in Newport, and 
^c^ remeved to R\.tshviile,Indioina 

3. ii. (jp Pichfird, bom Dec. 6,1791. (r) 



4. iii. (2)'Fliz&heth. 

(a) NGw York GenQalo^^ic aJ. an(5 ^io/t^ "c4)hxcc4 

(b) Africlavit of Henry cniest M'Pik©, 
facsimile in ?h© No^//berry Lilarun'', 
ChicciiP^o, cat ai 0^0 No. E-7-M-»:i39. 
(c)LoiidGn Notes £md Queries , ninth series, 
xii., 46^; r)Gc. 1^,15)03'. 

(d) Ibid> , xi., .j05, ICctrch 14,1905, et 
passjjn. 

(e) 'file TTriter, hov/evcr, muet confess to 
have traced several lines of hi& csacr^stry 
to an earli :r date, viz:- ty^ Afj &6jj~ ?)j 
Hadloy (?) 1656; TTumont, 1657; Ai*naad 
and Traverrior, 168B; Rezeaii or Resoau, 
circa 1700; (T-uest,1755; <?-c. 

(f } :^V.agneal. c^c B i o.'^. Record , xxxi v , , 5 5 , 
{ ^)Mr^» ill Hviseiaa of The Newbc rry Lib" cVry , 
Ohicaj«*o, CJasc No. II., 31-2, CatalogT.;© ITo. 
89030. 

(h) Oral eo^imi^jiication from B.C. Dick en, 
at St.Loiiir,, Ho., Sept. 8, 1902. 
(i).Tf3. in I^xiseiua of Hewb.Libr, (Soe note ^ 
U) Persna. Archives, i^nd r>er., x., 496, 
and x:ci., (1398). The latter shows the 
n.,nGS of Jaines, Duniel, Jolm and TTilliam 
McPike, in Oiraberl^md To\vnship of Yoric Go. 
{k)Recollect;ions of B.O. Dickon. 
(1 ) The sin*TU:ynQ is not spelled alike by 
all nomberB of the fumily. The writer's 
father, Henrj' C^iiost T!*Pik0, invariably 
uses an aj)ostr©i)he, as did uly.o his 
father, the late Joiin M'Pike. A recent 
Directory cf the City of Dublin, Ireiand, 
evinces tho f<4ct thut all nainer> beginning 
with 'Mc* cire spelled with cm. apostroph«. 
Aa old book rclatin:^ to Baltlrfiore reveals 
thf? s>ame chcirt^ct oris tie. The writer infers 
that Jaines McPike spelled his nij:ne *»M»Pikel 
(m) "Pooiis and Journal,** by Hoses (tuest, 
p. 147, secona edition; Cincinnati, 1823. 



. t 



(5) 

5, iv. (S Ktuicy. 



(n) "Tciles of Our Forefathers, « iab^^y, 
He?/ York, 1890, a^ncl Ke^>y York aeneal« & Biog 
Record, xxxiv., 52. 

(g) Affidavit of Mrs. Charlotte Sleeth, 
Rushville, Indi<:^a. Facsimile in The 
Nevroorry Litr • ,Ohica^©, catalo,^e No. 

(p) The cixildren of Jcines McPike ai*a hore 
nccied in the order ^^iven in ?.!S. in the 
Muse-um of the N«wb. Libr. (Hoe note g). 
(q) The fa^iily papers of .Tumes HcPikQ 
tmd of his oldest son, Joseph ?!cPike, 
would naturally fall into the possesr.ien 
cf Mrs. Olu.rlotte Sleeth, michville, 
Indiana, v/ho hits been -unable to discover 
any nev/ facts. 

(r) Prora an avitographic record in th© 
possesion of Mr. Crco. T, McPike , of 
TTIvinc, I'icsouri, who advisees that the 
docu ent is in the hand-Trriting of his 
father, Richurd McPike, second son of 
Ja-es HcPi e. 




S)John, bem I'eb. 4tli or 5th, 1795. 

^George, 
lartha. 
jLiraes, died an infetjst. 




14.iii* 




^ John La.?.iie,l5om Jvdy 1V',1B1S. 

(S^ Jl^jags, b. l?©h. 15,1818. 

(g) Peter "iiiitiEi Alexy-nf}er,b» Jjjn, 

13,13k;0. 

Ada! in e Kliza,b, Harch 7,182^. 

cnisa Jf.aie,b. Dec. 17,16ki4. 
g)r«iria. Aftr?, b, Oct, 9,1826. 



7. © John ricPike, cr M'Piko, ( Qj Jiauti^s), 
was bcrn at ^aeeliii.^, yir^'*;i.nia, tlio 4th 
or bX\\ February , 1795. {t ) H<5 tiarriea, 
at 01r«cir.3i&4.t.i, Ohio, I'sirch i::0, IBk^O (n), 
Miss Lydia Jc-jic Guest, a daii^jhter or 
OaptdiB t!csc;s (tuest iu^id Lyd^r-L Dwioiit, his 
v/ifQ. JoiiH M'PikQ died at Alton, Ilii- 
KOis, Id February, 18'^' 



24 i. 
2§. ii. 

26.iii. 




(-', ^.v-iiere his v/ife 



had died J" line :;iO, 1851 (y). i'}'.':^y hf,d:- (w) 



i-^dmimd HcdGy, b. Pec. lB,i8iil. 

Oeorge Pxinn, b. Jvly ^;ir}d,18;j3. 
Wiiliitfa Cowper, b. ^'r^'cii 7,1336, 



. ") 



g.t ;J.t<-.n, ^-^^^'^„. ohiW:- 

ij>->* * •«- • ^^^_ , — — -.^ ——————— 

noTC.- -lis privu.^ C«^^5^^-ji,eic.. mvjac, 

U^%He He ^' berry Lib^^:- » ^^ 
may ^® o«t'«»*^ 



(8) (— Hotec— ) 



(s) 7rom autographic record in handwriting 
of Richcu'cl McPike, in possescion of his 
son, Geor^je T, McPiks. 
(t) ?rom two origincd bible-records at 
JULton, Illinois; one in handwriting* of 
John M»Pike»6 wife, Lydia Jane Guest, 
without giving place of former's birth, 
cites date a» the fifth dtty of February, 
1795; the other in handwriting^ of Henry 
Guest T.!»Pike, the writer^B father, Sci^^s 
John M'Pike w.i^ bom at Wheeling;, Virginia, 
Feb. 4,1795. 

(u) Guest ^cirnily Bible records in 
possession of the Rev, A.J, Reynolds, 
5^ith Avenue, Norwood, Cincinnati, Ohio, 
(v) The remains of John M'Pike and of his 
wife were interred in the City Cemetary, 
Alton, 

(v;) 'roffl family bible record in possession 
'. f Kenr^/ Guest H»Piko, Alton. The dates of 
birth of first three children are -iven 
as shown in the liandv/ritin^ of Lydia 
Jtine (Guest )H«Pike, vrhile that of Fillic<m 
CxTVv-per McPike is in another hand. 
(x) prom faaily bible record, Alton, in 
hcmdwriting of Henry Guest M'Pike, 



•^-' ■■-»•■ 



(9) 

A Partial List of the Kistoric.-J., Genealog- 
ical, Bibli ©{graphical, etc, "fri tings ^ 
•f Eiigene Fairfield McPike, Ohicci^o,Ill, 

perpetuating in History the Deeds of Our 
Noble Ancestors. {An open letter in 
re Lyon Fanily), Putnam Patriot, xxv*. 
Mo, 12, p, 5; Putnam, Ooim., Friday, 
liarch 19,1897, 

The Lyon Pc4jnily of Windham Co.,Ct, N.Y. 
Geneal, & Biog. Record, xxviii.,75,235; 
xxix,, 98. 

The Genealogy of Capt. Moses Guest and Oapt, 
James McPike, Americcin Historical 
Register, new series, i., 1G7. 

The Capture of Lt.Gol. J.G.Siracoe; An 
Incident of the Americ:;ai Revolution. 
A.ericLin Montlily Magazine, xi,, 5v57; 
Washinr^ton, "".O., December ,1897, 

im Interesting^ Letter from John Adams t© 
Henry Guest, Spirit of Seventy-Six, iv,, 
138; Hew York, January, 1898, 

GenealO;':^ical Items Relating to the Hcdley 
and ITcPike "^coailies, H.Y.Geneaa. & Biog. 
Record, xxix., 13, 

The Guest Ponily, Ibid., xxix., 100, 

Dumont and Allied ?L.j/iilies. Ibid., xxix., 
103, IGl, ^^37; xxx., 36; xxxiv,, 191. 

Fairfield and Thurber Families. Ibid^xxix. , 
102, 

Denton Family, Ibid, xxix., 240. 

Dr. Ednond Halley's Will. Ibid, xxix,,lG4. 

Tales of Our Forefathers and Bio^raphicca 
Anncas of Fujuilies Allied to those of 
Dumont, Guest and HcPike, Quarto, pp.lOl; 
Albany, Her/ York, (Copies in the New- 
berry Library, Chi ca^; the ITev/- York 
Public Librarj'f New York City, cmd in 
the library of the New Enf^land Historic 
Genealogical Society, Boston. ) 



^ * 



* X 



(10) 

KiUley-T.fcPikn qiiGinf, C^eneiil. Queries t^b Mcaao 

ranto, ii.f 2; London, !Tay,1899. 
Dtimont or d\3l!ont }?.jailieG,i:T 1^yo Hernia- 
sphere^ Th© ^leric^m Ge-icalo/^ist, i.,148; 

Ardnore, Penn., J\iriO,lB99, 
m-mont T\:3!iily« Notes &i Oueriec, 9th series, 

xi., B7; London, 1905, 
Kotos on K.iilsy s- IlcPike ?amilieG. MF;.in 

Nev/berry Li br , , Oh^p • , ( Cat .Ho ♦ . , , ^ • 
Hulleiun T'iecell^my • Privately prxntoa. 

(In tho Chica,^ Public, John Crer».ir caid 

Kcwberry Lilr aries ) ♦ 
Miscel.MrG, in JTe^^b.Libr.,iinder eumanes 

CHiest, Tfaiey, McPike, etc, 
(Hotes on) Dr. F-c'xiond Halley, Hotet v^id 

Qiieri(5B, London, 9th ser., x,xi,xii. 
Dr. Ednond Hcaiay; His Ancestry and 
^•escendcu^ts. M.Y, GeiieEa. & Bio*^. Record, 

xxxiv., 5.^,106 (1903). 
Mr^S. in re riuest, ILaisy ^ HcPike Pans. 

ITewb.Libr. ?.!i.iSG\in, OuB© II., 51 -2; Cat. 

No. 89050. 
Tv/o Affidavits (Halley-HcPiko Fdne ). Hewb. 

Libr,, cat. He. E-.7-M-;i59, 
Notes & Queries, London, ninth and tenth 

ser. {190*i-1903-ll04) . Various subjects. 
Dr. "^^xanond Hidley. A quer^'' in L'lntennc- 

diaire des Chorcii@urB et Curieux. XLVIII, 

557; P.o'is, ZO octobre ,1903. 

Notes on Dun en t, Halley, Lyon, ?.tcPiko Fc^ms, 
Ch,*o.Pub. Lbr, Cut .Ho. V 2319. 

Motes oil Dr. Edmond Htdley. Chro. Pub. 
Libr, Cat.Ho, V;i5>i0. Brit .rfiis, , London, 
proGs-nark 10nB2,k.25. The J aim Creria* 
Libr.,Chf;o. and the Bodleian Libr., 
Oxford, England. 

Miscol.MnS. &c. in Boston Public Libr,, 
New York Public Libr., and libr, of H.E. 
HiBt.Crcneal. Soe,, Boston, under sumcunes 
CHiost, Hcaicy, Lyon, HcPiko, Thurber, 
Reynolds, etc. 



( " 



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Leadenhall Street, E.C. Of all Stationers. Stickpha*t Paste sticks. 

""r UN BRIDGE WELLS.— Comfortably FUR- 

1 NISHED SITTING-ROOM and ONE or TWO BEDROOMS. 

Quiet, pleasant, and central. Three minutes' walk from S.E.R. & C. 
Station. No others taken.— R. H., 66, Grove Hill Road, runbridge 
Wells. 



9". s. X. Nov. 8, 1902.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



861 



LONDON, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER S, 1902. 



CONTENTS. -No. 254. 

NOTES :-Dr. Bdmond Halley, :W1 —Bacon - Sbiikespearo 
(^.uestion, 'M'2 — Scottish Writers in tbe First Series of 
'N. & Q.'— Bber, 364— Bronte— Justice Maule Misqxioted 
— Glowworm and Fireflies, 365— Long Gallery at Holyrood 
—Centrifugal Railway, 366. 

QUERIES : — Water Barometer, 366 — " Embarras des 
ricbesses " — Tobacco: Old Book — Spanish Badge — "All 
tears are vain "—Shakespeare and JonBon — Huguenots in 
Ireland — Wealeinefna, 367 — "Licence to depart" — Bishop 
Hall — Oxford Street — Sir B. Leighton — Haterius— Conite 
de Paris— St. Nicolas, 368. 

REPLIES :— Etchings and Engravings— I. O.U., 369— Peri- 
winkle — G ^Idwyer — Byron Translations — Mitre — 
"Popple," 370 — Second Folio Shakespeare — Saints in 
Lindsay's ' Monarchie,' 371 — "Policy of pin-pricks" — 
" Ich dien," 372— Castle Carewe— Danes in Pembrokeshire 
— Gilnew— Sexton's Tomb — Childbed Pew — " Petar '.' or 
"Petard," 373— Family Crests — Honorificabilitudinitas — 
Grass Widow—" Mallet" or "Mullet "-Flowering Sunday 
— Poets on Adversity— Cope, .374— Shakespeare v. Bacon- 
Pin Pictures — " Honest" Epitaphs, 375 — Irish and Scotch 
Premiers — White - headed Boy — Ludgersall — Pricket 
Candlesticks, 376— Lyrical Poetry— " Thirty days hath 
September," 377— Scott and Wilkie, 378. 

NOTES ON BOOKS :— Robertson's 'Old English Songs 
and Dances ' — Kemp's ' General History of the Kemp and 
Kempe Families ' — Lynn's ' Penny Chronology '—Reviews 
and Magazines. 

Notices to Correspondents. 



DR. EDMOND HALLEY.* 

" We do not often think of him as a sailor; and 
yet, previous to Cook, Capt. E. Halley was our first 
scientific navigator." — Capt. S. P. Oliver in the 
Obsercatory, iii. 349. 

It is to be hoped that the predicted return 
of Halley's comet in 1910+ may be the means 
of inducing some admirer of that famous| 
astronomer to give the world a biography, 
for which it has waited more than a century 
and a half. Dr. Halley's career, at home 
and abroad, was filled with those incidents 
which attract the general reader. The 
revival of interest in the subject of terrestrial 
magnetism should further augment the 
clientele awaiting such a volume. There are 
in existence at least thirty-four interesting 

* The correct spelling is Edmond, not " Edmund." 
Cp. (a) dedication of twenty-ninth volume of Philos. 
Trans., London, 1717 ; (b) ' Correspondence of Scien- 
tific Men,' kc, edited by S. P. and S. J. Rigaud, 
i. 236-7, Oxford, 1841 ; (c) Dr. Edmond Halley's 
will, "written with my own hand," hereinafter 
cited. 

t Comptes Rendua Hebdoviadaires des SMnccs 
de r A('ad6mie defi Sciences, pp. 706, 766, 825, Paris, 
1864 ; a short review in Nature, xi. 286-7, 
London, 11 February, 1875. 

+ "II fut le plus grand astronome de I'Angle- 
terre," M. Lalande in ' Astronomie,' Tome Premier, 
p. 180, section 533, Paris, 1792. 



letters* written by Dr. Halley during his two 
voyages (1698-1700), which, if reproduced 
with other inedited material quite accessible, 
ought to meet with a reception wortliy of 
the author and the subject. As a small con- 
tribution towards the accompli.shment of the 
desideratum mentioned, the following list is 
submitted. It is for the most part .su})ple- 
mental to the excellent bibliography of Dr. 
Halley given in 'Diet. Nat. Biog.,' xxiv. 

L Life and Wouk. 

A Chronological History of the Voyages and 
Discoveries in the South Sea, &c. (James Burney), 
iv. .384-7. London, 1816. 

Philosophia Britannica (B. Martin), 3 vols. Lon- 
don, 1771. 

Letters written by Eminent Persons, &c., i. 1,39- 
140. London, 1813. 

Aubrey's Brief Lives (Clark), i. 282-.3. Oxford, 
1898. 

The Journal of Science, xvii. 91-100. London, 
1880. 

AUibone's Diet, of Authors (articles ' Newton,' 
'Halley'). Philadelphia, 1897. 

General Magazine of Arts and Sciences (Benj. 
Martin), i. 4. London, January, 1755. 

Good Words (Sir Robert S. Ball), xxxvi. 736. 
London, 1895. 

Great Astronomers (Sir Robert S- Ball). London, 
1895. 

Imperial Diet, of Univ. Biog. (Sir David Brew- 
ster), ii. 788. 

Charles Knight's Gallery of Portraits, with 
Memoirs, i. 161. London, 1833. 

Bibliotheca Britannica (Robert Watt), i. col. 
4.'>9. Edinburgh, 1824. 

Bibliographie Generale de 1' Astronomie (J. C. 
Houzeau and A. Lancaster). Bruxelles, 1882. 

Librorum in Bibliotheca Speculse Pulgovensis 
(Otto Struve). Petropoli, 1860. 

The Comets (J. Russell Hind). London, 1852. 

Essay on Terrestrial Magnetism (Sir John Her- 
schel), Quarterhj Revieio, Ixvi. 276-7. London, 
1840. 

Ditto, reprinted in a Collection of Essays by Sir 
J. Herschel, 73-4. London, 1857. 

Popular Lectures and Addresses (Sir William 
Thomson, Lord Kelvin). III. Navigational Affairs, 
268-71. London, 1891. 

Halley's Earliest Equal Variation Chart, repro- 
duced in facsimile. Text by L. A. Bauer, in ' Terres- 
trial Magnetism.' 1895. 

Halley's Two Voyages, No. 12,086 in Bernard 
Quaritch's Catalogue. 1880. 

Two Lectures on Comets (John Winthrop). Bos- 
ton, 1759. 

An Essay on Comets (A. Oliver, Jun.). Boston, 
1811. 

Remarkable Comets ( W. T. Lynn). London, 189.3. 

Astronomie Populaire (Camille Flammarion), 609. 
Paris, 1890. 

Results of Astronomical Observations made during 
the Years 1834-8, by Sir John Herschel, at the Cape 
of Good Hope, &c., v. 393-406. 

* The original manuscripts are preserved in the 
Admiralty archives, the Public Record Office, 
London, under title ' Captains' Letters, 1698-1700.' 
Mentioned in ' Diet. Nat. Biog.,' xxiv. 



362 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [gt'. s. x. Nov. s, 1902. 



Neudrucke von Schriften und Karten iiber 
Meteorologie und Erdmagnetismus (Prof. Dr. G. 
Hellman ed.). No. 4, Berlin, 1S95 ; No. 8, Berlin, 

1897. 

(General Catalogue of the British Museum : Halley. 

Halleian MiscellaDV (i)rivately printed). Chicago, 
1900. The John Crerar Library, Chicago, U.S., 
Catalogue No. A. 520.9238, M. 24. 

II. Portraits. 

Biog. Brit., iv. 2502, note 39. 1757. 

Catalogue of Engraved Portraits (H. Bromley), 
291. London, 1793. 

Imperial Diet, of Univ. Biog., ii. 

Knight's Gallery of Portraits, with Memoirs, i. 
London, 18,33. 

Good Words, xxxvi. 736. London, 1895. 

Great Astronomers (Sir Robert S. Ball). London, 
1895. 

III. Genealociy. 

Patronymica Britannica (Lower), 144. London, 
1860. 

Letters of Administration granted 30 June, 1684, 
on estate of Edmund Halley, Sen. London. 

Biog. Brit., iv. 2517. 1757. 

Will of Dr. Edmond Halley, dated 18 June, 1736, 
proved 9 February, 1741/2, P.C.C., Somerset House, 
London, 53 Trenley. Quoted in published Register 
of St. Margaret's, Lee ; printed in full in JV. 1". 
O'eiieal. and Biog. Etcord, xxix. 164-5, and in 'Tales 
of our Forefathers,' Albany, N.Y., 1898. 

Will of Edmund Halley, Jun., surgeon R.N., dated 
8 November, 1739, proved 12 February, 1740/1, 
P.C.C., Somerset House, London, 39 Spurvvay. 

Will of Henry Price, of St. Andrew's, Holborn, 
dated 31 May, 1755, proved 28 January, 1764, P.C.C, 
London, 25 Simpson. 

Will of Catherine Price, dated 13 January, 1764, 
l)roved 27 January, 1764, P.C.C, London, 25 Simp- 
son. 

Gentleman's Magazine (1765), Deaths, 10 Novem- 
ber, 1765. 

N.Y. Geneal. and Biog. Record, xxviii. 13-19; 
xxix. 164-5. 

Tales of our Forefathers. Albany, N.Y., 1898. 

Affidavits, photographic facsimiles of two. New- 
berry Library, Chicago, catalogue No. E-7-M-239. 

IV. Miscellaneous. 

' N. & Q ,' 2"'i S. ix. 297, 338 ; 3'" S. v. 108, 259 ; 
6"' S. vii. 5 ; 8"' S. vi. 364 ; vii. 427 ; 9"' S. viii. 322 ; 
X. 27, 97, 207. 

The writer is under obligations for assist- 
ance generously rendered him by Prof. S. W. 
Burnham, Chicago, and by Mr. Alex. J. llu- 
dolph, Assistant Librarian of the Newberry 
Library, Chicago. The latter has compiled 
an extensive bibliography of Dr. Edmond 
Halley. Eugene F. McPike. 

Chicago, U.S 



THE P.ACON-SHAKESPEARE QUESTION. 

( Conlimttd from p. SCO. ) 

In liis ' Apophthegms' P)acon relates how 
Ml'. j\Iason sent his puitil to another fellow 
of the same college to borrow a book of him. 
The reply brought back by the pupil was as 
follows ; — 



" I am loath to lend my books out of my chamber, 
but if it please thy tutor to come and read upon it 
in my chamber, he shall as long as he will." 

The time was winter ; and some days after 
the same fellow sent to Mr. Mason to borrow 
his bellows. Mr. Mason sent back this reply : 
" I am loath to lend my bellows out of my cham- 
ber, but if thy tutor would come and blow the fire 
in my chamber, he shall as long as he will." 

Evidently this story was known to Ben 
Jonson, whose style is clearly discernible in 
the following : — 

Quicksilvei'. Marry, dad ! his horsesare now coming 
up to bear down his lady ; wilt thou lend thy stable 
to set 'em in ? 

ISecuriti/. 'Faith, Master Francis, / jvoidd be loath 
to lend my .stable orit of doors ; in a greater matter 
I will pleasure him, but not in this. 

' Eastward Ho,' Act II. sc. i. 
'Eastward Ho!' is the joint production of 
Marston, Jonson, and Chapman ; and it is a 
play that is literally crammed with ' Promus ' 
phrases and proverbs, although Mrs. Pott, 
who examined it, could find none in it. There 
are none so blind as those who ivill not see. 

I am reminded of another of Bacon's 
'Apophthegms' by a passage in 'The New 
Inn.' Fly, the parasite of the Inn, is a small 
man, who is humorously compared to several 
kinds of insects, one of which furnished him 
with his name. Note the following : — 

Lord B. How came you by this property ? 

Host. Who, my Fly? 

Lord B. Your Fly, if you call him so. 

Host. Nay, he is that, and will be still. 

Act II. sc. ii. 
He is a fly, and will never be anything more 
than a fly. Compare : — 

"Sir Thomas More had only daughters at the 
first, and his wife did ever pray for a boy. At last 
he had a boy, which after, at rnan's years, proved 
simple. Sir Thomas said to his wife, ' Thou prayedst 
so long for a boy, that he will be a boy as long as 
he lives.' "— ' Apophthegms.' 

The 'Apophthegm 'illustrates the following 
entry in the 'Promus,' which Baconians 
imagine the master did not use : "No. 1392. 
A proper young man, and so will he be while 
he lives." Now, although Mrs. Pott could 
not find an illustration for the note from 
Bacon, it goes without saying that she could 
find several from Shakespeare. Hence we 
are gravely told that Bacon's idea was to lay 
stress on the word "proper," which, we are 
further informed, is strange phrasing. The 
joke is as good as that furnished by Dr. 
Theobald, who is so badly informed as to 
wish us to believe that the exclamation 
" What else ! " is not current Elizabethan 
speech. There is a saying, " Ye do not believe 
because ye have not read." They trifle with 
us. 



gth S. X. Nov. 8, 1902.] 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



363 



Now we come to something interest- 
ing, which proves how sadly Baconians are 
neglecting their real work in the vain and 
ridiculous attempt to foist the work of 
Shakespeare on Bacon. The entry in the 
'Promus,' from a Baconian point of view, 
and from the scholar's point of view as well, 
is simply invaluable, for it decisively proves 
one of the so-called "spurious" 'Apoph- 
thegms ' to be genuine. I could prove that 
several others are genuine, but must content 
myself with the one that is related to the 
saying of Sir Thomas More. Look closely at 
the ' Promus ' entry once more, and see how 
it is exactly repeated in the following :— 

" The Lord Keeper, Sir Nicholas Bacon, was 
asked his opinion by my Lord of Leicester con- 
cerning two persons whom the queen seemed to 
think well of: 'By my troth, my lord,' said he, 
' the one is a grave counsellor, the other is a proper 
young man ; and m he will he as long as he lives.' " 

Hence the entry in the ' Promus ' proves 
the genuineness of the 'Apophthegm,' and 
the similarity in the sayings shows plainly 
that the saying of Sir Thomas More was 
known to Bacon's father as well as to himself. 
We may also conclude that neither of the 
sayings was a stranger to Ben Jonson. 

Another of Bacon's 'Apophthegms' is the 
following : — 

"Many men, especially such as affect gravity, 
have a manner after other men's speech to shake 
their heads. Sir Lionel Crantield would say, ' It 
was as men shake a bottle, to see if there was any 
wit in it or no.'" 

Bacon does not wish us to infer that the 
saying was original to Sir Lionel Cranfield, 
any more than he meant us to believe that 
Mr. Bettenham's saying that money, like 
muck, is best spread abroad, was a new one, 
or belonged to Mr. Bettenham. But, never- 
theless, it may be taken for granted that if 
either Mrs. Pott or Dr. Theobald could find 
Shakespeare guilty of writing what follows, 
we should be inundated with sermons on the 
subject, and be told that the saying is unique. 

In 'Every Man in his Humour,' Act IV. 
sc. i., Master Mathew,a would-be poet, quotes 
as his own some lines of ' Hei-o and Leander,' 
when the following dialogue ensues : — 

Wellhred. How like you that ? 

[Master Stephen sJuttes his head. 
E. Knou-dl. 'Slight, he shakes his head like a 
bottle, to feel an there be any Ijrain in it. 

Tradition states that Shakespeare acted the 
part of the Elder Knowell, who so finely illus- 
trates Sir Lionel Cranfield's saying. Hence 
we have Ben Jonson, Shakespeare, Marlowe, 
and Bacon together ; for has not Dr. Theo- 
bald, who knows Marlowe's work so well, 
told us that it was written by Bacon ? 



Sir Lionel Cranfield's saying was much 
liked by Ben Jonson, who could not help 
using it twice in this play, and elsewhere. 
Take another case of its use, which occurs in 
the Induction to ' Cynthia's Revels ': — 

2nd Child. A fifth only shakes his bottle head, 
and out of his corky brain squeezeth out a pitiful 
learned face and is silent. 

By way of contrast, I will now take one of 
Dr. Theobald's parallels and show what it is 
worth. It is one of those posers that are 
so difficult to answer, and great store is put 
by it. 

In the 'De Augmentis,' book iv. chap, i., 
Bacon mentions the case of Anaxarchus, 
"who, when put to the torture, bit off his 
tongue and spit it in the tyrant's face." The 
passage is compared with Shakespeare : — 

Boling. Ere my tongue 

Shall wound mine honour with such feeble wrong. 
Or sound so base a parle, my teeth shall tear 
The slavish motive of recanting fear. 
And spit it bleeding in his high disgrace. 
Where shame doth harbour, even in Mowbray's 
face. ' Richard IL,' I. i. 190-95. 

Dr. Theobald traces the story to Diogenes 
Laertius, but says that Bacon's version is 
taken from Pliny or Valerius Maximus. 
Note the thunder-like percussion of these 
names, and tremble, ye Shakespeareans ! 
Yet, as by a kind of antiperistasis, they only 
bring comfort to the true believer, the simple, 
but wholehearted Baconian; and they are 
as potent to him for good as was the old 
lady's "Mesopotamia" to her, with " Manka 
revania dulche," and " Oscorbi dulchos 
volivorco " into the bargain. 

"It is not very likely," says Dr. Theobald, 

" that William Shakespeare had read any of the 
classic authors from which this story might be 
derived. We cannot suppose that Pliny, Valerius 
Maximus, or Diogenes Laertius were school-books 
at Stratford-on-Avon. If Boliugbroke's defiance had 
taken the form 

[List, O list to the Muse !] 

I '11 bite my tongue out, ere I use it thus, 

it might have been regarded as a casual coinci- 
dence. But when he also threatens to spit it in the 
face of his enemy, we cannot explain it by a clause 
in the chapter of accidents." 

Of course not ; the proof that Bacon and 
Shakespeare are one, and that the story in 
both was derived from tlie same source, is 
as clear as mud. But let us turn to John 
Lyly once again : — 

" Zeno bicause hee would not be enforced against 
liis will by torments, bit off his tongue and spit it in 
the face of the tyrant." — ' Eu]ihues,' Arber, p. 146. 

C. Crawford. 
53, Hampden Road, Hornsey, N. 
( To he continued, ) 



364 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9«- s. x. Nov. s. 1902. 



Scottish Contributors to the First 
Series of ' Notes and Queries.' (See 
Jubilee Number, 9"> S. iv. 361, 391, 533 ; v. 
89, 197 ; x. 252.)— As it will become increas- 
ingly (litlicult for rc:u!(n'.s to identify early 
contributors to 'N. & Q.,' 1 send the following 
short list of Scottish contributors to the First 
Series. If you siiould think it worth printing, 
perhai)s it may induce some correspondent to 
send a longer and better one. 

"D. Brewster" (vi. 80) was Sir David 
Brewster, K.H., LL.D., Principal of St. An- 
drews University, died 1868. 

"R. Carruthers" (ix. 568; x. 239; xi. 7, 
8, 203, 327 ; xii. 199, 379) was Robert Car- 
ruthers, editor of the Inverness Courier for 
fifty years, and author, died 1878. 

" R. Chambers " (xii. 8) was Robert Cham- 
bers, publisher and author, died 1871. 

" W. H. F." (ii. 309 ; iv. 350, 440, 501 ; x. 
240 ; xi. 182 ; xii. 86, 254) was William Henry 
Fotheringhame, Sheriff-Clerk of Orkney. 

"G. J. R. G." (vi. 6) was George John 
Robert Gordon, of Ellon, Aberdeenshire ; in 
the diplomatic service. 

"David Laing " (iv. 174) was Librarian of 
the Signet Librarj', Edinburgh, and author, 
died 1878. 

"J. L." (vii. 441, 559 ; viii. 155) was James 
Laurie, Town Clerk of Edinburgh. 

"J. L." (iii. 141; iv. 410, 473; v. 448) was 
John Lee, D.D., LL.D., Principal of Edin- 
burgh University, died 1859. 

" VV. Bell Macdonald" (vi. 299) was pro- 
prietor of Rammerscales, Dumfriesshire. 

"J. M." (x. 65, 67, 264, 323; xi. 248, 265, 
312, 408, 413, 424, 426, 462 ; xii. 404, 413, 417, 
441) was James Maidment, advocate and 
author, died 1879. 

"W. H. M." (vi. 299) was William Hugh 
Murray, a Deputy-Lieutenant, Ross-shire. 

"W. H. S." (iv. 327, 427; v. 149, 4.50, 490 ; 
vi. 544) was W. H. Scott, M.D., Curator of 
Coins, Scottish Society of Antiquaries. 

"J. A. S." (xii. 481) was J. A. Smith. M.D., 
Secretary to the Scottish Society of Anti- 
quaries. 

" T. G. S." (iii. 38 ; iv. 213, 329, 343, 509 ; 
v. 89, 208, 283 ; vi. 300 ; vii. 507 ; viii. 326, 
453, 521 ; xi. 36, 151, 154, 214 ; xii. 88, 95, 
366) was T. G. Stevenson, antiquarian book- 
seller, Princes Street. Edinburgh. 

" W. B. D. D. Turnbull " (i. 1.57) was William 
Barclay David Donald Turnbull, advocate 
and author, died 1863. W. S. 

Jacobus Eber, of Strassburg.— Ihavehad 
for some years among my papers, awaiting the 
" convenient .season " for a closer examination, 
an undescribed issue from the press of Jacobus 



Eber, of Strassburg, circa 1483. It is a folio 
tract of St. Thomas Aquinas, which claims a 
place as one of the Strassburg incunabula. 
Finding that it was unknown to Hain, 
Copinger, and Proctor, I showed it to my 
friend the librarian of the John Rylands 
Library, Mr. Henry Guppy, M.A., who, witli 
his customary courtesy, saved me further 
research by identifying it as a product of the 

ress of Eber of Strassburg. The tract may 

e thus described : — 

[Fol. 2 r.] Incipit Suninia edita asanctoThoma de 
aquino | De articulis tidei & ecclesie sacramentis. 

[Fol. 10 \'.] Incipit tractatus de p'iculis que con- 
tingut circa sacramen | tu' eukaristie & de remediis 
eoru'dem ex dictis .saneti Thome | 

[Fol. 12 v.] Incipit Tractatus Thome de judeis ad 
petito' I nem Comitisse flandrie. 

[Fol. 14 v.] Explicit Suma edita a Sancto Thoma 
de aquino. de articulis | fidei & P]ccrie sacrame'tis. 
argentine imp'ssa. unacu' duob" tracta- | tibus 
a'nexis. Quor' primus tractat de p'iculis que 
co'tingunt cir | ca sacrame'tum eukaristie. & de 
remediis eoru'dem. Scd's vero de | judeis ad 
petit'onem Comitisse fiandrie. Ex dictis saneti 
Thome. | 
8trassburg [Jacobus Eber, circa 1483]. 
Fol., 14 leaves without pagination, signatures, or 
title-page, 39 lines to the full page. 
Col. [a] 8, [b]6, of which [aj 1 blank. 
The leaves are somewhat stained in the 
ample margins, and an industrious bookworm 
has left evidences of his labours. The blank 
spaces left for the capital letters have not been 
filled by the rubricator. The type used is 
identical with that in the edition of the 
' Scala Cceli' of Joannes Junior, which, as 
the colophon informs us, was printed at 
Strassburg by Eber in 1483. There are 
only three books besides the 'Scala Coeli' 
recorded by Proctor as the work of this 
printer, and they are all three undated. His 
letter R is unlike that of any other typo- 
grapher. The tract now described makes the 
number of books knovvn to have come from 
Eber's press five. Mr. Guppy has not been 
able to trace any copy of this edition of the 
' Summa de Articulis Fidei ' except that in my 
possession, and I have been equally unsuc- 
cessful. It is, of course, no novelty to find 
books that have escaped the notice of Hain, 
notwithstanding the extent and accuracy of 
his work. The remarkable catalogues of 
Olschki, Rosenthal, Voynich, and others con- 
tain many finds of this nature. It is, how- 
ever, desirable, I think, that all omissions 
should be recorded for the use of biblio- 
graphers."* I therefore send this note as a 



* Since this was written Cav. L. S. Olschki has 
commenced in his interesting bibliographical 
lieriodical La Bibliofija a department for the 
description of "Les livres inconnus aux biblio- 
graphes." (See vol. iv. p. 167.) 



folio 

'A 



9'" S, 



X. Nov. 8, 1902.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



365 



small contribution to the knowledge of the 
Strassburg press in the fifteenth century. 
William E. A. Axon. 
Manchester. 

Bronte.— In the Gent. Mag. of February, 
1813, p. 179, I find the following interesting 
entry under 'Marriages' : — 

" At Giiiseley, near Bradford, by Rev. W. 
Morgan, minister of Bierley, Rev. P. Bronte, B.A., 
minister of Hartshead-cura-Cliftou, to Maria, third 
daughter of the late T. Broniwell [i.e.. Bran well], 
esq., of Penzance. And at the same time, by the 
Rev. P. Broni^e, Rev. W. Morgan to the only 
daughter of Mr. John Fennell, headmaster of the 
Wesleyan Academy near Bradford." 

W. Roberts. 
47, Lansdowne Gardens, S.W. 

Mr. Justice Maule Misquoted.— A curious 
case of misquotation, absolutely spoiling a very 
famous utterance, occurs in Mi-. H. Bellot's 
pleasant book 'The Inner and the Middle 
Temple' (Methuen, 1902). I allude to Mr. 
Justice Maule's celebrated sentence on the 
impecunious bigamist, which had a strong 
bearing upon the revolution in the law of 
divorce brought about in 1857. It takes very 
slight alteration in Maule's speech to ruin 
wholly the satire which appears in almost 
every line. To show how much an inaccurate 
writer may innocently asperse the powerful 
sentences and cut down the pungent sarcasm 
of a judge I append the sentence, and also Mr. 
Bellot's paragraph, taken from his book, where 
it appears in inverted commas. The sentence 
is from the Tivies of 27 January, 1857, and 
the Laiv Magazine and Review, 1857, p. 23: — 

The Times. 
" Prisoner, you have been convicted upon clear 
evidence; you have intermarried with another 
woman, your lawful wife being still alive. You 
have connnitted the crime of bigamy. You tell me, 
and indeed the evidence has shown, that your first 
wife left her home and her young children to live in 
adultery with another man. You say this i)rosecu- 
tion is an instrument of extortion on the part of the 
adulterer. Be it so. I am bound to tell you that 
these are circumstances which the law does not in 
your case take notice of. You had no ri^dit to take 
the law into your own hands. Every Englishman 
is bound to know that when a wrong is done the 
law, or perhaps 1 should rather say the constitu- 
tion, affords a remedy. Now listen to me, and I 
will tell you what you ought to have done. Im- 
mediately you heard of your wife's adultery you 
ought to have gone to an attorney and directed him 
to bring an action against the seducer of your wife. 
You should have prepared your evidence, instructed 
counsel, and proved the case in court ; and recollect 
that it was imperative that you should recover, 1 
do not mean actually obtain, substantial damages. 
Having proceeded thus far, you should have em- 
ployed a proctor and instituted a suit in the Eccle- 
siastical Courts for a divorce a me/iSYf et thoro. Your 
case is a very clear one, and I doubt not you would 



have obtained your divorce. After this step your 
course was quite i)lain : you had only to obtain a 
private Act of Parliament to dissolve your marriage. 
This you would get as a matter of course upon pay- 
ment of the iiroper fees and proof of the facts ; you 
might t hen have lawfully married again. I perceive, 
prisoner, that you appear scarcely to understand 
what I am saying to you, but let me assure you these 
steps are constantly taken by persons who are de- 
sirous to dissolve an unhappy marriage. It is true, 
for the Wise Man has said it, that ' a hated woman 
when she is married is a thing that the earth cannot 
bear,' and that 'a bad wife is to her husband as 
rottenness to his bones.' You, however, must bear 
this great evil, or must adopt the remedy prescribed 
by the constitution of your country. I see that you 
would tell me that these proceedings would cost you 
1,000/., and that your small stock-in-trade is not 
worth lOOA Perhaps it may so be. The law has 
nothing to say to that ; if you had taken these pro- 
ceedings you would have been free from your pre- 
sent wife, and the woman whom you have secondly 
married would have been a respectable matron. As 
you have not done so you stand there a convicted 
culprit, and it is my duty to pass sentence upon 
you. You will be imprisoned for one da,y." 

Mr. Bellot. 
" Y"ou have broken the laws of your country. You 
had a drunken, unfaithful wife, the curse of your 
existence and her own. You knew the remedy the 
law gave you, to bring an action against the seducer, 
recover damages from him, then go to the House of 
Lords and get a divorce. It would have cost you 
altogether 1,000/. You may say you never had a 
tenth of that sum ; that is no defence in law. 
Sitting here as an English judge, it is my duty to 
tell you that this is not a country in which there is 
one law for the rich and another for the poor. Your 
sentence is one day's imprisonment." 

I venture to think that Maule's sentence is 
worthy of a place in ' N. tfe Q.,' both for the 
benefit of readers and to lessen the chance of 
damaging his wit by misquotation. 

W. H. QUARRELL. 

Glowworm and Fireflies. — William 
Blake, in his little poem entitled ' A Dream,' 
about a strayed emmet, has the following : — 

Pitying, I dropt a tear : 
But I saw a glowworm near. 
Who replied, " What wailing wight 
Calls the watchman of the night 't 

I am set to light the ground. 
While the beetle goes his round ; 
Follow now the beetle's linm ; 
Little wanderer, hie thee home ! " 

Blake is the most childlike of poets, and it 
is interesting to find the same metaphor, 
though somewhat differently applied, used 
by a very young child. W. H. Hurlbut, in 
his ' Pictures of Cuba ' (Longmans, 1855, p. 81), 
speaking of the fireflies, says :— 

" The night glances with living meteors. The 
(■ucn//os are indeed inconceivably brilliant. ' Watch- 
men of the insects,' ti'^renoa de lo-i bichos, a lovely 
quick-witted boy of four summers, the child of one 
of my friends, called these torch-bearers when he 



366 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



[9"' S. X. Nov. S, 1902. 



first saw them ; and flying in long lines with their 
double lights they do produce an effect similar to 
that of the long processions of the watch at Havana." 

It is, of course, possible tliat the little boy 
may have been repeating a remark made by 
one of his elders ; but if it was original, as 
the above writer takes it to be, the coinci- 
dence is certainly remarkable. 

C. Lawrence Ford, B.A. 

[See Aihena'um, 12, 19, and 26 .Tuly, jip. 63, 94, 
127.] 

The Long Gallery at Holyrood. — Sir 
David Oswald Hunter-Blair, under the 
heading of 'The Evolution of a Nose,' aiite, 
p. 236, speaking of the portraits at Bad- 
minton, says : — 

" Whether these portraits are really more faith- 
ful likenesses than those of the early Scottish 
kings in the Long Gallery at Holyrood (said to have 
been all the handiwork of a single Dutch artist) I 
have no means of knowing." 

Writing of the Long Gallery, Mr. John 
Rankin, Keeper of the Chapel Royal, says in 
his book : — 

'"It is hung round with portraits of a hundred 
reputed kings of Scotland, from the misty times of 
Fergus I. down to the end of the Stuart dynasty, 
which were jjainted by a Fleming named James 
de Witt.* Several of these paintings were 
slashed by the sabres of Hawley's valiant 
dragoons after their defeat at Falkirk, but 
were subsequently repaired. This apartment 
is historically interesting from having been 
used by the Pretender as a ballroom during 
his occupation of Holyrood. It is the room in 
which the great ball was given, so familiar to the 
admirers of ' Waverley,' and to such visitors its 
floor will still seem to be trod by the unfortunate 
Prince, the bold, devoted Fergus M'lvor, the noble, 
high-minded Flora, and the gentle, woman-like 
Rose Bradwardine. Since the Union it has been 
the scene of the elections of the Scottish represen- 
tative peers, and is also used for the levees of the 
Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly 
of the Church of Scotland." 

The names of the kings and the dates of 
their accession are all o;iven on the pictures 
of the enterprising De Witt. The spectator 
looking at these works of art (?), if he or 
she has the wish and the patience to do so, 
wonders whether the painter or the Govern- 
ment or the "originalls" supplied this infor- 
mation. One hundred and ten royal portraits 



"* The contract by James de Witt with the 
Government in February, 1684, for the iiainting of 
these pictures, still exists. De Witt became bound 
to iiaint 110 iiortraits in two years, he supjilying 
the canvas and colours ; and the Government, on 
tlieir i)art, agreed to pay him 120/. sterling yearly, 
and to supply him with the 'Originalls' from 
vyhich lie was to cony. This contract, and other 
documents c(jnnected with it, apjieared in volume 
Third of the 'Bannatyne Miscellany.'" 



in two years for 240Z. in all must constitute 
a record in more ways than one. 

Ronald Dixon. 
46, Marlborough Avenue, Hull. 

The Centrifugal Railway.— An early 
example of what is now known as the 
"Topsy-Turvy Railway" or "Looping the 
Loop " was exhibited at Dubourg's "Mechani- 
cal Theatre" circa 1840. G. E. Mogridge 
('Old Humphrey's Walks in London and its 
Neighbourhood,' London, 1843) thus describes 
the astonishing spectacle : — 

" The little man with the great spear, who shows 
off the exhibition, has explained to us the several 

groups He has now produced a sensation by 

stamping his spear heavily on the floor to arrest our 
attention, and announcing that the car is about to 
move in rapid career along the centrifugal railway. 
It is done : first a pail of water, next a hundred- 
weight piece of metal, and, lastly, a human being, 
one of the attendants, having in succession passed 
down the inclined plane, round the circle in the 
centre, and afterwards ascended the opposite steep. 
The water was unspilt, the weight unmoved, and 
the attendant uninjured, though he passed round 
the upright circle, head over heels, performing a 
complete summerset, at the rate, as the little man 
tells us, of a hundred miles an hour." 

Walford mentions a "Duburg's" Exhibition 
that in 1818-30 was on view at 68, Lower 
Grosvenor Street, containing cork models of 
ancient temples, &c. Perhaps this is the 
same building that afterwards became " The 
Saloon of Art" or "Mechanical Theatre" 
described at some length by Mogridge. 

Aleck Abrahams. 



We must request correspondents desiring infor- 
mation on family matters of only private interest 
to affix their names and addresses to their queries, 
in order that the answers may be addressed to them 
direct. 

Water Barometer. — In a diary kept by 
the late Rev. Dr. Sutton, of Norwich, under 
date of 7 Sept., 1801, occurs the following 
passage : — 

" Speaking of barometers the other day, Mr. 
Styleman said he remembered at Trinity College 
(Cambridge), within side of the King's Gate, one 
which worked with water instead of quicksilver, 
and that it was 34 ft. long. Qy. if this was not 
erected by Roger Cotes ? " 

I shall be much obliged if any of your 
readers can give me information about the 
barometer, when and bj^ whom erected, and 
when removed. The Mr. Styleman mentioned 
was the Rev. Armine Styleman, rector of 
Ringstead, Norfolk. He died in 1803, and 
was, I believe, then an old man ; he rooist 



9">s.x.Nov.8,i902.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



367 



likely refers to his undergraduate days. 
Roger Cotes, the first Plumian Professor of 
Astronomy at Cambridge, commenced the 
erection of the observatory over the King's 
Gate at Trinity, but he died in 1716, before it 
was completed. The observatory was dis- 
mantled in 1797. Sir Isaac Newton's rooms 
were in the staircase next the gateway. He 
was the giver of an astronomical clock. Can 
it be that he had a hand in erecting the 
barometer in question 1 

Thomas Southwell. 
Norwich. 

"Embarras DBS RiCHESSES." — Can any of 
your readers inform me who and what is the 
Harlequin referred to by Sir Walter Scott in 

chap. xi. of 'The Antiquary' — " that 

he frequently experienced, on such occasions, 
what Harlequin calls rembarras des richesses " ? 
(See also the preface to the first number of 
' N. & Q.,' Nov. 3, 1849.) 

Scott also uses the French phrase in 'The 
Heart of Mid-Lothian,' chap, xii., but with- 
out mentioning " Harlequin " — " It was what 
the French call," &g. Edward Latham. 

61, Friends Road, East Croydon. 

[Presumably a character in the Abbe d'AUainval's 
play so entitled which appeared 1726.] 

Tobacco : Old Book. — I have a book 
having the following title-page :^ 

_ " Tabacologia [ Hoc est, | Tabaci, i Sen 1 Nico- 
tianaj | descriptio | Medieo-Cheirurgico - Pharma- 
ceutica | Vel | Eius preparatio et usus in omnibus 
Corporis humani incommodis ; una cum varijs 
Tabacum adulterandi rationibus, et accurata 
signorum quibus eius bonitas dignosci potest, 
annotatione. | Per | Johannem Neandrum Brenia- 
num I Philosophum et Medicum | Lugdvni Bata- 
voruni I Ex Officina Isaaci Elzeviri. | Jurati 
AcademitB | Typographi. | CIO.IO.CXXII.^' 

Can any one give me an account of the 
bookl Is the work rare ? Is my copy a first 
edition 1 Who is the author, and where can 

1 find a sketch of his life 1 

Frederic Rowland Marvin. 

5S7, Western Avenue, Albany, N.Y. 

[This is the first Elzevir edition of Neander. A 
second edition appeared in 1626 from the same 
press. See Willem's ' Les Elzevier,' Nos. 20-t and 
257, where a full account is given. For Neander 
himself, a German physician, born at Brema in 
1596, deceased in the second half of the seventeenth 
century, see the ' Nouvelle Biographic Generale ' of 
Dr. Hoefer. The book is not common in either 
edition, but can be met with occasionally for ten 
or twelve shillings.] 

Spanish Badge.— What does the following 
badge commemorate 1 A small Maltese cross 
in gold, 1 in. wide, enamelled on both sides, 
one in opaque white and inscribed cheste 

2 PE piciEMBEE 1838, the reverse in trans- 



lucent red and inscribed iniesta 6 de 
DiciEMB. 1838 ; in the arras of the cross is 
intertwined a laurel wreath, enamelled green. 
Cheste and Iniesta are the names of towns in 
the south-east of Spain. C. 

Edinburgh. 

"All TEARS ARE vain." — Who is the 
author of the following lines 1 — 

All tears are vain, 
I cannot now recall thee. 

Gone is thy loving voice, thy kindly face ; 
Gone from tlie home where I so dearly loved thee, 

Where none again can ever fill thy place. 

Alice. 

Shakespeare and Jonson.— Have the two 
following passages from Shakespeare and 
.Jonson been noted or commented upon any- 
where 1 One is from ' The Merry Wives of 
Windsor,' Act II. sc. i. : — 

Prevent, or go thou. 
Like Sir Actfeon he, with Bingirood at thy heels. 

The other is from Jonson's masque of ' The 
Satyr ' :— 

Better not Action had ; 

The bow was Phrebe"s, and the horn 

By Orion often worn : 

The dog of Sparta breed, and good 

As can ring within a wood ; 

Thence his name is : you shall try 

How he hunteth instantly. 

May the name of Ringwood refer to some 
particular dog with which the poets were 
both familiar, and supply evidence of their 
intimacy, or was the name of such common 
occurrence that it might have been used 
accidentally by both "? 

' The Satyr ' was produced in March, 1603. 
Tlie line quoted from ' The Merry Wives ' does 
not occur in the first quarto of that play 
published in 1602, but it is generally admitted 
tliat the quarto was either a mangled version 
of the original, with numerous omissions, or 
that many lines were subsequently added. 

E. F. B. 

Huguenot Settlers in Ireland. — I should 
be glad to know of any books or other 
sources likely to afford information as to 
many Huguenot and other French families 
who settled in Ireland during the seventeenth 
century. Arthur Groves. 

11, Parkhurst Road, New Southgate. 

Wealemefna. — For many years I have 
used one of these measures, which is specially 
useful for ascertaining the distance between 
places on a map. The instrument when run 
along the course of a road, for instance, 
records the distance in feet and inches, which, 
the scale of the map being known, at once 
admits of translation into miles, *fcc. On its 



368 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9'" s. x. Nov. 8. im 



face — the thing is like a watch, about an 
inch in diameter — is inscribed ' Wealemefna.' 
Will some reader explain the word ? X. 

" Licence to dei'ART."— In the parish re- 
gister of Thrigby, Norfolk (1539-1805), on 
the ily-leaf, is the following : — 

"Memorandum that Jolm Cornish singleman, 
late servant to William Mosby of Thrigby in the 
Countie of Norfolk Taylor, is licenced to depart 
from his master and is at liberty to serve elsewhere 
according to the statute in y' case made and pro- 
vided. In Witnesse whereof we y" Constable and 
Churchwarden [</r] of Thrigby aforesaid hereunto 
set our hands the 20"' day of October Anno Domini 
1645. " Rob. Browne. 

''Thomas Wright, Constable. 

"The Certificate above written was Registered 
y'' day and yeere above written according to y"" 
(Statute in that case provided by me Rob. Browne 
Curate [s/r] of y" parish of Thrigby aforesaid." 

1 should be glad to know if these licences 
are common, and why they were issued. 
This was dated about four months after the 
battle of Naseby. Was the disturbed state 
of the country during the Civil War re- 
sponsible for the " statute " referred to 1 
Was it only a temporary measure ; and if so, 
when was it repealed ? Wm. Norman. 

Plumstead. 

Blshop Hall op Exeter and Norwich.— 
In Dr. Howard's Miscellanea Genealogica 
et Jleraldica, second series, vol. iii. p. 9, a 
facsimile of a patent of arms to this prelate 
is given. The original did not occur for sale 
among his books and MSS. recently sold by 
Messrs. Puttick & Simpson. Can any corre- 
spondent say in whose possession the original 
now is, or tell me where is the will of his 
father, John Hall, of Ashby de la Zouch 1 

J. R. b. 

Oxford Street.— Can any of your readers 
tell me which is the top of Oxford Street— 
Hoi born or the Marble Arch 1 

Stratfordian. 

[What is the precise meaning of "top"? Has the 
htrand a top? Presumably the westernmost portion 
was later m the period of erection.] 

Sir Baldwin Leighton, op Watles- 
BORouon, CO. Salop.— The following extract 
from the parish registers of Bishop Wear- 
mouth, CO. Dui'ham, adds to all the pedigrees 
of the above family in pi'int : — 

Baptisms a.d. 1805 "Baldwin Leighton, born 
at Sunderland, May ]4th, baptized May Slst, and 
christen. July iL'th, 1st son of Major- General 
baldwiii Leigiiton, native of the ),arisli of St-. (Jhads 
Mirewsimiy, and Louisa Mar-arutta Ann, his wife! 
late Stanley dr o hir Jolm Thomas Stanley, Bart, 
of Alderley Park, Cheshire." ' 

Of tlie father I have the following notes. 



Born 15 January, 1747, second son of Baldwin 
Leighton, gent., Alderman of Shrewsbury. 
Colonel of the 9th Garrison Battalion. Served 
in America during the War of Independence, 
where he was wounded. Brigadier-General 
in Portugal at the beginning of the Peninsular 
War. Governor of Jersey and afterwards of 
Carrickfergus. Married first. May, 1780, 
Anne, daughter of the Bev. William Pigott, 
rector of Edgmond, co. Salop, which lady 
d s.p. ; married secondly, 25 November, 1802, 
Louisa Margaretta Anne, sister of the first 
Baron Stanley of Alderley, co. Chester, by 
whom he had an only child as above. Sir 
Baldwin, who succeeded his kinsman Sir 
Robert Leighton as sixth baronet in 1819, 
died 13 November, 1828, his widow surviving 
till 8 January, 1842. 

Could any one inform me if General 
Leighton was in command of the garrison at 
Sunderland at the time of his son's birth ; if 
not, why was he resident in that town ? 

H. Reginald Leighton. 

East Boldon, co. Durham. 

Haterius.— Will you kindly tell me what 
is known regarding the Haterius quoted in 
Ben Jonson's 'Discovery,' 'De Shakespeare 
Nostrati"? H. S. 

[Quintus Haterius was a Roman senator and 
rhetorician, 63 B.C. to 26 a.d., famous, or infamous, 
according to Tacitus, for his base and servile 
adulation. Jonson quotes the words of Augustus 
concerning him, "Haterius noster suHlaminandus 
est.' For his life see Smith's 'Greek and Romar 
Biography,' s.n.] 

CoMTE DE Paris.— Is there any evidence of 
this title having been assumed by a son of 
the King of France, or any royal prince in 
the Middle Ages? French historians state 
that the title was merged by Hugues Capet 
in that of King of France; and it does not 
appear again till it was revived by Louis 
Philippe in favour of his grandson, the well- 
known Comte de Paris of our times. I have 
found the name Comes Pharisiensis in a MS, 
referring to the thirteenth century, and the 
question arises whether it was a title o! 
meant merely some count living at Paris. 

J. F. Payne. 

St. Nicolas.— It is well known that the 
ordinary distinctive "attribute " of St. Nicolas 
is the representation of three children in a 
tub. I have not found anything to account 
for this device, either in the 'Golden Legend ' 
or in Symeon Metaphrastes. Indeed, it has 
been supposed to liave arisen out of a repre- 
sentation of three men imprisoned in a tower, 
wliose release is said by the hagiographers to 
have been obtained by St. Nicolas. But there 



O'h S. X. Nov. 8, 1902.] 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



369 



is a legend, originating perhaps in the above 
representations, that St. Nicolas raised to life 
three children who had been slain, cut up, 
and pickled in a tub. This story is briefly 
related by Baring-Gould, but without a 
reference. It is given at considerable length 
in Brady's ' Clavis Calendaria,' second edition, 
1812-13, vol. ii. pp. 306-8, as from "an Italian 
author, who, for the edification of the Papists, 
published this saint's life in the year 1645." 
Here, however, only two children are men- 
tioned. I want to know who the " Italian 
author " was, and where the story of the boys 
in the pickle-tub first appears. J. T. F. 

Durham. 



ETCHINGS AND ENGRAVINGS. 

(9"' S. X. 288.) 

Richard Dighton, who etched the prints 
in the possession of Me. Ckeed, was a son of 
liobert Dighton, who died at his house in 
Spring Gardens in 1814. Mr. Creed's series 
is not complete, and I do not know of any 
complete catalogue of portraits etched by the 
Dighton family, although a great many have 
from time to time been enumerated in 'N. & Q.' 
I give below, for the sake of convenient refer- 
ence, as perfect a list as I can compile of 
papers contributed to this journal on the 
subject, many of which are imperfectly 
indexed. I would therefore suggest that 
Mr. Creed's query be indexed under the 
name of Dighton, as the present heading 
is a little vague. Robert Dighton had another 
son, named Dennis (born 1792, died 1827), 
who acquired some reputation as a painter 
of battle pieces. When living with his 
father in Spring Gardens, he executed a few 
portraits, of which some have considerable 
merit. A sketch of .lohn Bellingham, the 
murderer of Mr. Perceval, taken at the 
Sessions House, Old Bailey, 15 May, 1812, is 
probably the best existing likeness of that 
unfortunate man. 

The value of these prints is, to a great 
extent, dependent on their condition, but, 
speaking generally, it is not high. Since I 
began this note, I have seen two of them 
advertised in a bookseller's catalogue at 8.s'. 6c/. 
each, and some others at 5s. I have a 
collection of seventy-six, chiefly executed 
by the elder Dighton, and bound up by 
a contemporary collector in old red morocco, 
for which I think I gave four guineas 
about fifteen years ago. I have also several 
of tlie loose prints, together with a few 
drawings. The series etched by Richard 



Dighton was also issued in a reduced form, 
in which the figures were about 4 in. high. 
These were printed four or five on a sheet, 
and the sheets were then mounted on linen 
and pasted together, so as to form a long 
roll. Being used for the adornment of smok- 
ing-rooms, &c., these rolls have now become 
very scarce. One in my possession contains 
fifty-three portraits, most of which are repre- 
sented in Mr. Creed's list. 

W. F. Prideaux. 

[3'-'' S. iv. 410 ; vi. 187 ; vii. 119, 1S8; ix. 451, 522; 
X. 13, 70, 99, 180, 413, 519; 4'h S. vii. 418 ; 5'^ S. iii. 
387, 452 ; iv. 178 ; 6^^ g. x. 467 ; 7"' S. ii. 108, 237 ; 
xi. 508; xii. 75.] 

In the Senior Common Room of Pembroke 
College, Oxon, is a curious little portrait in 
pastels by Richard Dighton, of Cheltenham. 
It represents Mr. Stubbs Wightwick (1794- 
1858), who, though educated at Trinity, was 
akin to Richard Wightwick, B.D., co-founder 
of Pembroke. The college also possesses a 
portrait in oils, by Henry Howard, R.A., of 
Dr. -lohn Smyth, Master of Pembroke from 
1796 until his death in 1809, which is said 
to have been painted from the caricature of 
the same gentleman by Robert Dighton 
entitled 'A View taken at Oxford,' "drawn, 
etch'd &, pub'd by Dighton, Jan., 1808." 
The only mention I can discover of the 
younger Dighton in the ' D.N.B.' is the 
statement, in the account of his father, that 
whereas the elder signed his productions with 
his surname only, or at most with the initial 
R prefixed, Richard, on the contrary, in- 
variably made use of both his names. 

A. R. Bayley. 

I have one of this series, or of an earlier 
lot, entitled ' A General View of Richmond, 
Taken from Sussex,' representing, I presume, 
the third Duke of Richmond, who was Master 
General of the Ordnance at the time. The 
picture is inscribed as " Drawn, Etch'd & 
Pub'd by Dighton. Char^ Cross. Jan^ 20t^ 
1804." E. E. Street. 



I.O.U. (5th g, y, 89 ; 9th s_ V. 475 . yi. 14, 
74, 276, 336, 456 ; x. 228).— A. R. C. will find 
further information as to I.O.U.s at the 
above references, in the 'N.E.D.,' and in 
the law reports from which some of the 
' Dictionary's ' quotations are taken. As he 
does not follow the usual laudable practice of 
your contributors of giving the source from 
wiiich he derives his document, 1 supply the 
defect. It will be found at p. 67 of Mr. 
Joseph Jacobs's ' Jews in Angevin England ' 
(Nutt, 189.3), and is a translation of a docu- 
ment among the ' Accounts, »fec., of the King's 



1370 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9"- s. x. Nov. s, im 



Remembrancer of the Exchequer ' in the 
Public Record Office (formerly Bundle 556, 
No. 1, now Bundle 249, No. 1). 

It is unfortunate that Mr. Jacobs has 
translated lucrum by "interest." The use of 
the latter word led me to look up the original, 
to see whether iisura or interesse was the term 
employed. As the obligation in question is 
of considerable importance in economic 
history, from its record of the then rate of 
remuneration for the loan of money, I subjoin 
a copy of so much of the text as relates to 
what we now call "interest," which may have 
the additional advantage of saving some 
philologist who investigates the history of 
that word from the same labour : — "Dabo ei 
una quaque eddomada ijd. de lucro pro 
qualibet libra quam diu debitum per 
grantum* suum tenebo." O. O. H. 

Periwinkle (9"' S. x. 128, 2.35).— At the 
latter of these references I suggested that 
the " goblettes of pirwyncles " bequeathed in 
1501 were probably shell- shaped. I have 
since come across an apposite passage (which 
has, by the way, not escaped the argus-eyed 
'N.E.D.') amongst some notes from Haw- 
kins's ' Observations on his Voyage to the 
South Sea, anno 1593 ' (Hakluyt Society's 
reprint, § xxvii. p. 94). Sir Richard there 
speaks of 

" certaine shels, like those of mother of pearles, 
which are brought out of the East Indies, to make 
standing cups, called caracoles." 

This observation serves as a gloss to the 
bequest, for the Spanish term for periwinkle 
is caracol,f or caracal marino. Hence the 
testator merely used the English synonym in 
the will, probably with the notion 'that "pir- 
wyncle" etymologically indicated some shell 
of "surpassing" beauty. We may, indeed, 
assume that these goblets were Renaissance 
tazze, perhaps, made of the beautifully 
nacreous Haliotis, or .some other handsome 
shell. At all events, the humble "mussel- 
winkle " would be conspicuously inappro- 
priate for any such purpose. It should be 
noted, too, that the ornamental, whelk- 
shaped " chank " was described in 1727 as 
being like a large periwinkle. J. Dormer. 

GoLDWYER (g'*" S. X. 289).— It may interest 
Mr. Goldwyer to know that Elizabeth Gold- 
wyer was married to Robert Hallton at 

* A comparison of subsequent obligations shows 
this word not to be graham. 

t With mrrtco/ may perhaps be compared Ram- 
baldi s old and discredited gloss to Dante (' 11 
Parad.,' xxiv. 16) : " Carola e piccol vaso, ornato per 
10 piu di argento, nel quale le donne oltre i cuchiai 
custodicono altri utensili d' argento." 



St. Botolph, Bishopsgate, London, on 21 July, 
1606. Also, is he acquainted with what has 
appeared respecting this family in 'N. k Q.,' 
7"' S. iii., v., xii. % Some only of the articles in 
9*'' S. i. bear his signature. 

EvERARD Home Coleman. 
71, Brecknock Road. 

Byron Translations (9'''^ S. x. 268).— Mr. 
Sinclair desires to know whether Byron has 
been reproduced in Hebrew. I have never 
had the pleasure to read the ' Hebrew Melo- 
dies ' in Hebrew, but on the authority of my 
father I can assure him they make excellent 
Hebrew poems. Byron, more than any other 
English poet, seemed to catch the spirit and 
colour of Hebrew song. It was thus compara- 
tively easy work for the translators of the 
' Melodies.' Milman and Heber both tried 
their hands on the Hebrew lute, but could 
bring forth no real note. Whether any other 
of Byron's works have shone in Hebrew dress 
1 cannot say. My father in the heyday of his 
youth came across the ' Melodies' in Hebrew, 
and became so enamoured of them and of 
their noble author, that when he came to 
reside in this country one of the incentives 
that he had before him to learn English was 
that he might be able to read Byron in his 
native language. He regarded Milton and 
Byron as Jewish poets, and loved them as 
such. M. L. R. Breslar. 

The Mitre (9"' S. viii. 324, 493, 531 ; ix. 
174, 334, 397, 496 ; x. 192, 290).— Lord Alden- 
ham thinks it probable that the Christian 
priesthood was in Apostolic times looked upon 
"as the natural and appointed successor of 
the Jewish priesthood, succeeding to their 
office and to their divinely appointed vest- 
ments." Now the Jewish priesthood was a 
sacrificial priesthood. Can a single text be 
quoted from the New Testament that lends 
any colour to the notion that there was a 
class of sacrificial priests in the early Church % 
Christ is termed our High Priest, and all 
Christians are priests, but for the rest, "He 
gave some apostles, and some prophets," and 
so on, but we are not told that he "gave some 
priests." C. C. B. 

" Popple " (9"> S. x. 208, 294).— In this part 
of Lincolnshire the corn cockle is called 
jMjjjde. There was, and still is^ a family in 
this neighbourhood bearing the surname of 
Popple. I have an enclosure in the parish 
of Bottesford which bears the name of Popple 
Close, and it has been surmised that it took 
its name from the corn cockle, which at times 
grows freely there ; but I think it more 
probable that it derived it from a memlaer 



Q'" s. X. Nov. 8, 1902.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



371 



of the Popple family who rented this and 
some adjoining land from Thomas Peacock, 
my grandfather, in the early years of the last 
century. Edward Peacock. 

Wickentree House, Kirton-in-Lindsey. 

The Second Folio Shakespeare (9'''^ S. x. 
181). — Mr. C. a. Herpich, in his very interest- 
ing note on the Second Folio Shakespeare, in 
addition to the seven variations dealt with, 
mentions an eighth, but he does not give a 
collation. It is lettered {h) by him, and the 
title is as follows : — 

" M^ William | Shakespeares | Comedies, | His- 
tories, and I Tragedies. | Published according to 
the true Originall Copies. | The Second Impression. 
I Portrait | London, | Printed by Tho. Cotes, for 
Robert Allot, and are to be sold at his shop at the 
signe I of the Elacke Beare in Pauls Church-yard. 
1632." 

Possessing a copy with this title-page, 
perhaps a comparison with the others may 
prove useful. In addition to the peculiarities 
mentioned by Mr. Herpich as occurring in 
all copies, the following must be noted : — 

Preliminanj leaves. — The last is Hugh 
Holland's verses. 

Cumedies. — The printer's marks occur 
between e and «i of the title ' The Tempest.' 
P. 205 is correctly printed. 

Histories. — P. 95 is correct. P. 101, mis- 
printed 69, has the sig. i 3 correctly in 
common with (a) and (g). P. 88 is correct. 
P. 164 is misprinted 194, as in (c), (e), and (r/) 

Tragedies. — Sig. bb 3 is repeated, as in (c), 
(/), and (r/). P. 85 is correct. 

In conclusion, p. 276 of the comedies is a 
blank, not p. 277, as stated by Mr. Herpich. 
H. C. L. Morris, M.D. 

Saints in Lindsay's ' Monarchie ' (9'^'^ S. 
X. 249). — St. Duthac, or Duthus — the name is 
spelt in many ways — was probably a native 
of Tain in Ross-shire. He was, at any rate, a 
saint famous in the district, and is sometimes 
referred to as Bishop of Ross. The old church 
of Tain was dedicated to him. King James IV. 
went on many a pilgrimage to it. On 23 Octo- 
ber, 1504, the accounts of the Lord High 
Treasurer of Scotland state^ " the Kingis 
Grace made an offering of 14s. in Sanct Duthois 
Chapel in the Kirkzaird of Tain quhair he 
[the saint or the king 1] was borne." The 
Gaelic name of Tain is " Baile Dhuthaich," or 
Duthac's town. He perhaps died at Armagh, 
in Ireland, in 1065, as appears from the 
'Annals of Ulster,' thus: "Anno Domini 
MLXV. Dubtach Albannach prim Annchara 
[Anchorite^] Erin et Albain in Ardraacha 
quievit"[in Christo], though 1253 is usually 
given as the year of his death. On 12 Septem- 
ber, 1487, Thomas Hay, Bishop of Ross, 



"creavitet erexit capellam almi confessoris 
et pontificis Beati Duthaci de Tayne dioces. 
Rossen. in Collegiatam l*]cc]esiam," and 
James III. confirmed this erection unfler his 
Great Seal. The festival of St. Duthus is 
8 March. There was an altar to him in the 
Collegiate Church of St. Giles, Edinburgh. 

St. Triduana, or Tredwell, is a more 
mythical personage. She appears to be first 
mentioned in the legend of St. Boniface in 
tlie Aberdeen Breviary, wherein it is set out 
that Boniface came from Rome in the eighth 
century, accompanied by six other bishops, 
" ac due preclare virgines Abbatisse Cres- 
centia et Triduana," and a goodly number of 
presbyters and others, and settled at Resten- 
net, in Forfarshire. Solicited by a chief, she 
is said to have cut out both her eyes and sent 
them to him skewered on a twig. She after- 
wards came to Restalrig, near Edinburgh, 
the church of which was dedicated to her, 
and died there, and even in Lindsay's day 
(1490-1560) her shrine seems to have been 
resorted to for the cure of eye diseases. 
Her festival is 8 October. 

J. L. Anderson. 

Edinburgh. 

The edition of Lindsay for the Early Eng- 
lish Text Society should be consulted. At 
1. 2302 of book "ii. we find " Sanct Duthow, 
boird out of ane bloke "; and the side-note 
says, "St. Duthak." St. Duthak's day is 
8 March, and he was Bishop of Ross ; see the 
notice in Alban Butler's ' Lives of the Saints.' 
At 1. 2291 of book ii. we find "Sanct Tredwall, 
als, there may be sene, Quilk on ane prik 
heth boyth hir eine." It is not said that he 
"mends their een." Brand's 'Antiquities,' 
ed. Ellis, ii. 382, says that " Brand, in his 
description of Orkney, p. 58, speaking of St. 
Tred well's Loch, says, 'It is held by the 
people as medicinal,' " &c. Nicolas gives two 
daj's for St. Saviour, viz., 12 January and 
24 May. Walter W. Skeat. 

St. Tredwell, alluded to by F. C. W., is better 
known as St. Triduana, V. Her day is 
8 October. She is a saint of local fame in 
Scotland, called variously Treddles. Tredwall, 
"Trallew, Trallen, Tradlius. and Trad wall. 
Her legend, told in the Aberdeen Breviary, 
is to the effect that she came from the East 
with St. Regulus about 337, bearing the relics 
of St. Andrew to Scotland. With her com- 
panions she settled at Rescoby, in Forfar- 
shire, where the ruins of a religious house 
still exist. The tyrant Nectanevus, prince 
of that country, conceived a violent passion 
for her, and she fled to Dunfallandy in Athol. 
On her retreat being discovered she answerec} 



372 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [g'*- s. x. Nov. s. 1902. 



his messengers, " What does so great a prince 
desire of me, a poor virgin dedicated to God V 
To whicli they repHed, " He desireth the most 
excellent beauty of thine eyes, which if he do 
not obtain he will surely die." The virgin 
replied, "What he seeketh that shall he 
have," and she plucked out her eyes, skewered 
them on a thorn, and gave them to his mes- 
sengers. 

She afterwards devoted herself to prayer 
and retirement at Kestalrig, where she died, 
and a very fine church was erected over her 
grave, which became a favourite resort of 
pilgrims, especially for those suffering from 
defect of eyesight. Near it was also a cele- 
brated well of medicinal virtue, believed to 
be of use for eye weaknesses. The well is 
now covered by the works of the Great 
Northern Railway. The church was one of 
the earliest destroyed at the Reformation, 
1560, but a fragment remains ; part of the 
chancel is still used as the parish church 
of Restalrig, now connected with Edinburgh, 
and lies between that city and Portobello. 
The railway from the south, on the east coast 
route, passes close to St. Triduana's Church 
just before entering the city. The church 
stands between the line and the sea. 

St. Triduana is commemorated in the old 
Scottish calendars on 8 October. She was 
once a popular saint in Scotland, and had 
several dedications in her honour. Those are 
in some instances corrupted into St. Enoch, 
as in Glasgow and Dundee. 

. She is commemorated in stained glass in my 
church (St. Columba's), in which she is repre- 
sented with closed eyelids and her eyes on a 
dish, with a thorn-branch at her feet. Restal- 
rig Church_ was once a favourite place of 
devotion with Scottish royalty. It is near 
liolyrood, and was very richly endowed. 
Walcott, in his 'Ancient Church of Scotland,' 
p. 366, says that it was founded by James III., 
1487 ; but there must have been a much earlier 
church. I should rather think it was refounded 
and enlarged at that date. James IV. in 1512 
placed here a dean or preceptor, rector of 
Laswade, six prebendaries of Bute, pre- 
bendaries of St. Triduana and Leith (one 
was organist and the other sacristan), and 
three chaplains ; two singing boys were added 
in 1515. The income was 93/. 6.?. 8d. As was 
common in Scotland before the Reformation, 
Restalrig was a collegiate church, and held 
the livings of St. Mary's, Rothesay, and St. 
Lawrence, Lasswade. 

Baring-Gould, in liis 'Lives of the Saints,' 
October, p. 180, thinks the legend of St. 
Triduana has some substance on which to 
rest, as traces of the name are still to be 



discovered in the localities mentioned. At 
Rescoby there is still St. Triduana's fair. 
She is also found at Tradlines. Sir David 
Lindsay's allusion to going to St. Tredwell 
" to mend their ene " refers to pilgrimage to 
her shrine at Restalrig. 

St. Dutho of Tain must be St. Duthac, or 
Duthus, Bishop of Ross about a.d. 1250. There 
are several legends of him in the Aberdeen 
Breviary, where he is commemorated on 
8 March. At Tain two buildings of consider- 
able interest are connected with his name : 
St. Duthac's or St. Duthus's Chapel, supposed 
to have been built near the end of the eleventh 
century, and St. Duthus's Church about 1371. 
His name was particularly celebrated in 
Scotland, and his relics preserved and chapels 
built in his honour at Edinburgh, Dunferm- 
line, and Aberdeen. But his native town of 
Tain had specially three sacred spots con- 
nected with his memory : (1) The chapel 
erected on the site "quliair he was borne"; 
(2) the chapel " within the kirkyard," where 
he was buried ; (3) the large and handsome 
church dedicated to his memory. This church 
was collegiate, established 1487, served by a 
provost, five canons, two deacons, sacrist, 
one assistant clerk, and three singing boys. 
It was a popular place of pilgrimage in pre- 
Reformation days. James IV. annually for 
twenty years (1493-1513) performed this pious 
journey to St. Duthac's shrine at Tain. 

Herbert H. Flower. 
[Other interesting replies received.] 

" The policy of pin-pricks " (9'''' S. iii. 46, 
115,238). — A correspondent gives the phrase 
' Coups d'epingle ' as the title of some essays 
(Paris, 1886). May I point out that it forms 
part of the title of the eleventh chapter of 
A. Daudet's 'Aventures Prodigieuses de Tar- 
tarin de Tarascon ' ? My copy is dated 1886, 
but it is the forty-ninth edition, so I presume 
Daudet's book first appeared at an earlier 
date than the essays referred to. Perhaps 
some of your readers can give the date. The 
chapter is headed "Des coups d'epee, Mes- 
sieurs, des coups d'epee Mais pas de coups 

d'epingle ! " and the phrase occurs near the 
end of the chapter itself. 

Edward Latham. 

61, Friends Road, East Croydon. 

[The date is 1872.] 

" IcH DIEN " (9*'^ S. X. 309).— This has already 
been discussed in these columns (4'^ S. vi. 199, 
239), where the popular derivation from Welsh 
"Eich dyn" is shown to be at least 250 years 
old, as it occurs in Thomas Blount's ' Glosso- 
graphia,' first ijublished iu 1656. It is, of 



gth S. X. Nov. 8, 1902.] 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



373 



course, a mere Volksetymologie. In the scho- 
larly history of Wales recently added to the 
" Story of the Nations " Series it is ignored, 
and we are told (p. 240) that both the Black 
Prince's mottoes, " Houmout " and " Ich dien," 
"are in the language of his beloved mother's 
native Hainault." The Welsh ei is correctly 
pronounced like German ei, but colloquially 
(at any rate, in some words) is reduced to 
simple ^, so that Welsh eick does resemble 
German ich in sound, the difference being 
that Welsh c/i is not palatalized, like the 
German cU in ich, but is broad, like the 
German ch in a^lch. Jas. Platt, Jun. 

The story that the Black Prince took the 
crest of ostrich feathers and the motto " Ich 
dien " from the King of Bohemia is discussed 
at some length in the ' Diet. Nat. Biog.' 
(xvii. 92), the conclusion arrived at being 
that "no early tradition connects 'Ich dien' 
with the King of Bohemia." As to " Eich 
dyn," which is not alluded to in the biography, 
there is a tradition in Wales that, in fulfil- 
ment of his promise to the Welsh to give 
them a prince Welsh by birth, who could 
speak no word of English, Edward I. pre- 
sented his infant son to them, saying, " Eich 
dyn." But it is purelj^ mythical, having no 
more solid basis than a literal resemblance of 
" Ich dien " to " Eich dyn." In fact, Edward 
of Carnarvon was not created Prince of Wales 
until he had nearly completed his seventeenth 
year. I am told that Welsh etch is identical 
in sound with German eich- in Eiche. See 
Brewer's ' Phrase and Fable.' F. Adams. 

Castle Carewe (9*^^ S. ix. 428, 490 ; x. 92, 
214, 314).— Dr. Drake's last note is rather 
puzzling. He says he cannot accept Mr. 
Round's testimony (derived from the Marquess 
of Kildare) respecting the seniority of Maurice 
over William, sons of Gerald by the Princess 
Nesta, nor can he profess faith in the Gherar- 
dini story. But Mr. Round testifies to none 
of these things. On the contrary, he ex- 
pressly scouts the legendary origin of the 
family supplied by Lord Kildare, and in the 
pedigree given in the Ancestor, part ii. p. 98, 
places William above Maurice. On p. 96 he 
quotes the story from Giraldus Cambrensis, 
mentioned by Dr. Drake, in which Rhys ap 
Griffin recited the names of Nesta's eight sons 
and two daughters, beginning with William 
the "primsevus," and going on to Maurice 
the fourth, and David, the bishop of St. 
David's, last. As for the Gherardini story, it 
is needless to say it has been completely 
exploded by Mr. Round. 

It is also clear from Domesday and other 
coutemporary evidence cited by Mr. Itouud 



that the name of tiie founder of the family 
was Other (Oterus) and not Otho, which was 
probably borrowed in order to strengthen the 
notion of Italian descent. Other (Ohter, 
Ohthere) seems to indicate a Scandinavian 
origin. As for the ti'aditional marriage with 
Gladys, though it is, of course^ possible, I 
think that Dr. Drake, who, with tiic late 
Mr. John Gough Nichols and tlie late Sir 
John Maclean, was among the first to place 
the study of genealogy on a scientific basis, 
will hardly accept it unless substantiated by 
some better evidence than is at present avail- 
able. W. F. Prideaux. 

Danes in Pembrokeshire (9'^ S. x. 89, 132, 
276). — Should not the spelling of " Baronia 
de Kemeys,"an ancient Pembrokeshire barony, 
be Cemaes 1 There is no k in the Welsh lan- 
guage. Celt. 

GiLNEW (9"^ S. X. 289)._— This curious Chris- 
tian name is probably Irish giolle naoimh, pro- 
nounced " gilly neeve," and meaning " servant 
of the saints," or " the saints' man." Com- 
pare Giolle Phadraic, &c. 

John Hobson Matthe\Vs. 

Town Hall, Cardiff. 

A Sexton's Tombstone (9^'' S. x. 306).— May 
I call Mr. Hems's attention to the interesting 
memorial to an aged parish clerk in Crop- 
thorne Church, Worcestershire, an edifice of 
very considerable note 1 I have no copj^ of 
the inscription, but the principal part of the 
memorial is a small painted glass window in 
the tower, containing a full-length portrait of 
the deceased official, duly apparelled in a 
cassock. W. H. Quarrell. 

Childbed Pew (9"' S. ii. 5, 255 ; iii. 212).— 
The following presentment was made from 
the parish of Aldington, Kent, to the Arch- 
deacon of Canterbury in the j'^ear 1589 : — 

"Elisabeth Kenward for th;i,t she being a child- 
wife and came to the church Lo he churched accord- 
ing to the custom. And because slic refused to sit 
in the stool a])pointed for the child-wit'c, departed 
home and is not churched. 

"That the church stool which is ajiiiointed for 
women to sit in, is very insufficient, being unbirthed 
and kept very fowle [sir] so as women are very 
lought [sjc] to sit in it." 

This is also an earlier use of the word 
"berth," to lay down fioor-boards (see 0''' S. 
vii. 505). Arthur Hussey. 

Tankerton-on-Sea, Kent. 

" Petar " or " Petard " (9"^ S. x. 241, 312).— 
The following early mention of this explosive 
machine by Alessandro Tassoni (1565-1638), 
author of the famous mock - heroic ' La 
Secchia rapita,' may be of interest. It occurs 



374 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9t» s. x. Nov. s, 1902. 



in liis ' Pensieri diversi ' (p. 538 of the 1636 
edition, the editio pt^incejys having appeared 
in 1620) :— 

"Hor fin (jui giudichera ogn' uno cred' io, che 
gl' iiigegni iiioderni non cedano d' invencioni a gli 

antichi S'engo alio machine militari : Qual 

invencioni [sic] cosi tremenda fi'i iniaginata 
giammai, che a quel la delle nostra artigliene 

s" agguagliasse ? quale si spaventevole, che 

quella de' Pettardi inventati pochi anni sono rasso- 
migliasse?" 

The differentiation of "petar" and 
"petard" does not say much for the 
' Twentieth Century Dictionary.' A descrip- 
tive engraving of the machine appears in 
the ' Encyclopaedic' F. Adams. 

Family Crests (9"^ S. x. 109, 173).— There 
is no work that I am aware of answering the 
purpose Cross-Crosslet mentions, but I have 
for a long time been engaged in making a 
"card index," with the view of eventually 
publishing an ' Ordinary of British Crests.' 

J shall be very glad to try to identify any 
crests for your correspondent, but may not 
be able to do so at once, as my notes are not 
yet arranged in order. H. R, Leighton. 

East Boldon, R.S.O., Durham. 

HONORIFICABILITUDINITAS (Q''^ S. X. 243, 

.371, 494 ; x. 52, 155).— The following reference 
does not seem to have been noted : Beaumont 
and Fletcher's ' Mad Lover,' Act L, Fool loq. : 

The iron age return'd to Erebus, 
And Honorificabilitudinitatibus 
Thrust out o' th' kingdom by the head and 
shoulders. 

Ralph Nevill, F.S.A. 
Guildford. 

Grass Widow (9"' S. x. 205).— May I point 
out that S. C. Grier was giving an early in- 
stance of this word in the only sense in which 
it appears now to be current, "A married 
woman whose husband is absent from her," 
the earliest instance in 'N.E.D.' being dated 
18.09 ? One or two instances earlier than 1859 
had Ijeon supplied in the, Athen(jeum,h\iit none 
of the eighteenth century. Q. V. 

"Mallet" or "Mullet" (9"' S. ix. 486; 
X. 93, 173, 193, 293). — The beetle of the 
Scottish housewives referred to in ' The 
Pirate,' chap, vi., is a large wooden mallet 
with which the linen from the washing is 
beaten as a substitute for the process of 
mangling. It is in some places called the 
]'mell" or the "clothes-mell," while the 
implement used in mashing potatoes — 
.shaped somewhat after the manner of an 
Indian club— is known as the" tawtie-beetle." 
Dialectal usage .seems to determine the 
prevalence respectively of "raell" and 



"beetle." For instance, there is a legendary 
apologue setting forth how one John Bell in 
liis latter days divided his substance, in the 
manner of King Lear, among the members of 
his family, and presently found that some 
method of self-defence would be necessary if 
life were to be tolerable. Therefore he made 
mysterious and significant visits to a private 
chest, the key of which he kept rigidly to 
himself. This provoked curiosity, and I 
secured a measure of attention and respect; 
from his prospective heirs. Opened at his ; 
death, the chest contained nothing but a , 
mallet, with this expressive legend attached 
to it on a slip of paper : — 

I, John Bell, leaves here a mell, the man to fell 
Who gives all to his bairns, and keeps nothing to 
himsell. 

In Kelly's ' Scottish Proverbs,' p. 156, this 
appears as follows : — 

He that gives all his gear to his bairns, 
Take up a beetle, and knock out his harns. 

Thomas Bayne. 

Glasgow. 

Flowering Sunday (9^"^ S. ix. 508 ; x. 57). 
— There seems to be some confusion in the 
dates ante, p. 57. Sophocles did not write his 
' Electra ' about 380 B.C. By 380 B.C. he had 
been dead for a quarter of a century. If the 
passage of Anacreon referred to be 1. 25 of 
No. 53 (Bergk), No. 55 (Valentine Rose), of 
the ' Anacreontea,' it would be better not 
to describe it as written in 590 B.C. 

Edward Bensly. 

The University, Adelaide, >S. Australia. 

The Poets o> Adversity (9"^ S. x. 285). 
— From the examples quoted of various 
dicta of the poets, Latin and English, on 
the subject of adversity, Mr. E. Yardley 
has omitted the following striking, and still 
most true, lines from Dr. Johnson (' London,' 
172, 173), which are evidently derived from 
the lines he quotes from Juvenal : — 

This mournful truth is everywhere confess'd, 
Slow rises worth by poverty depress'd. 

With these also may be compared his advice 
to the scholar ('Vanity of Human Wishes,' 
157-60) :— 

Deign on the passing world to turn thine eyes, 
And pause awhile from learning, to be wise ; 
Then mark what ills the scholar's life assail — 
Toil, envy, want, the patron, and the jail. 

H. J. Dukinfield Astley, M.A. 
East Rudham Vicarage, Norfolk. 

The Cope (9"^_S- x. 285).— My friend Mr. 
PiCKFORD is quite right about the cope, so 
far as he goes. But he might go further. Its 
use is not confined to bishops nor to any 



9'- s.x. Nov. 8, 1902.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



375 



ecclesiastics. It may be, and often is, worn 
by laymen in choir or in processions. At 
the blessing of ashes, candles, and i)alnis it 
is worn by the oftlciant ; but if there be no 
cope available, he uses alb and stole only. 
The cope is neither sacramental nor sacer- 
dotal, but merely a robe of dignity or honour. 

George Angus. 
i St. Andrews, N.B. 

So far is this vestment from being episcopal 
that it is not even sacerdotal, being frequently 
worn by laymen who take part in an eccle- 
siastical ceremony. In defence of the curious 
practice, which prevails in many Anglican 
churches, of celebrating the Communion 
vested in a cope, I have seen it asserted that 
the cope and the chasuble were identical in 
origin, and that there is practically no differ- 
ence between a cope and a chasuble of ancient 
Gothic shape. The difference between a cope 
and a chasuble of any period or style is 
radical : it consists in the fact that the cope 
is divided down the front, while the chasuble 
(originally a circular garment with a hole in 
the middle) is never divided save in so far as 
modern usage has curtailed its fulness at the 
sides, to give greater freedom to the arms of 
the celebrating priest. 

John Hobson Matthews. 
Town Hall, Cardiff. 

According to ' A Catholic Dictionary,' com- 
piled by William E. Addis and Thomas Arnold 
(Kegan Paul, 1884), this vestment " is used 
in processions by those who assist the cele- 
brant, by cantors at Vespers, &c., so that it 
is not a distinctively sacerdotal vestment," 
&c. The fact that no special blessing is pro- 
vided for the cope in the ' Ordo Romanus,' 
as is the case with the vestments used at 
Mass, would seem to imply that from an 
ecclesiastical point of view it is in the same 
category with the cappa worn by acolytes or 
the surplice of the chorister, and, as such, 
may legitimately be worn by laymen as well 
as by clerics. Frederick T. Hibgame. 

Shakespeare v. Bacon (9^^ S. ix. 245, 414 ; x. 
11,137,214). — Does Bacon any wherequotefrom 
Spenser or refer to him? If not, then per- 
haps Bacon wrote the ' Faery Queen.' Shake- 
speare is not the only great writer unknown 
to the great men of his day. Macaulay and 
others have rated Jane Austen not far below 
Shakespeare, yet the great men of her day 
did not know her, and gave their praise to 
Lady Morgan, Lady Blessington, and others 
long forgotten. M. N. G. 

[But Scott knew and wrote m praise of Jane 
Aiisten.J 



Pin Pictures (Q^^ S. x. 308).— There seems 
to be an allusion to something of the kind 
in Cowper's ' Lines on the Receipt of my 
Mother's Picture ' :— 

Could Time, his flight reversed, restore the hours 
When, playing with thy vesture's tissued flowers, 
The violet, the pink, and jessamine, 
I priclved them into paper with a pin, &c. 

A middle-aged person, to whom I have men- 
tioned the subject, speaks of these pin pic- 
tures as having been familiar to her in ner 
girlhood. C. Lawrence Ford, B.A. 

Bath. 

" Honest " Epitaphs (Q^'^S. x. 306).— There 
is a curious memorial in St. Dunstan's 
Church, Fleet Street, to a certain Hobson 
Judkins, who was known as the " Honest 
Solicitor." The inscription says :— 

"Hobson .Tudkins, Esq., late of Clifford's Inn, 
the Honest Solicitor, who departed this life 
June 30, 1812. This tablet was erected by his 
clients as a token of gratitude and respect for his 
honest, faithful, and friendly conduct to them 
through life. Go, reader, and imitate Hobson 
Judkins." 

It is perhaps worthy of notice that ' The 
Honest Lawyer ' was a comedy acted by 
" the Queen's Servants " in 1610, and pub- 
lished anonymously (see ' List of Dramatic 
Poets,' 1747, Brit. Mus. Lib.). _ At Wingfield, 
in Suffolk, is the following epitaph : — 

Pope boldly says (some think the maxim odd) 
An honest man 's the noblest work of God. 
If Pope's assertion be from error clear, 
The noblest work of God lies buried here. 

An epitaph on Strange, a lawyer, runs :— 

Here lies an honest lawyer, that is Strange. 

In St. Giles's Churchyard is the following : — 

Here lies a most dutiful daughter, honest and just. 

Awaiting the resurrection in hopes to be one of the 
first. 

One Alexander Thompson's epitaph, at 

Lauder, says : — 

Here lyes inter'd an honest man, 
Who did this churchyard first lie in ; 
This monument shall make it known 
That he was the first laid in this ground. 
Of mason and of masonrie 
He cutted stones right curiously. 
To heaven we hope that he is gone 
Where Christ is the chief corner-stone. 

A doubtful kind of honesty is indicated in 
an epitaph of 1781 : — 

An honest soldier never is forgot. 
Whether he die by musket or by pot. 

From Hackett's ' Epitaphs,' 1757, vol. i. p. 268 : 
* This plain Floor 
Believe me Reader, can say more 
Than many a braver Marble can, 
Here lies a truly honest Man. 

J, HOLDEN MacMiCHAEL. 



376 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9'" s. x. Nov. 8, 1902. 



Prime Ministers : Irish and Scotch (9'"' 
S. X. 302).— Why does Mr. Housden cut down 
the list of Scottish Prime Ministers by 50 per 
cent. ? He has left out Gladstone and Lord 
Rosebery. I am aware that some people hold 
Gladstone to have been an Englishman, 
because he was born in Lancashire ; but his 
grandfather, Thomas Gladstones, of Leith, 
married a Scotswoman, Helen Neilson, of 
Springfield, and his father, John Gladstones, 
wno altered his name by royal licence in 
1835 to Gladstone, and was created a baronet 
in 1846, married Anne, daughter of Provost 
Andrew Kobertson, of Dingwall — altogether 
a pretty strong Scottish brew. Nobody 
would have resented moi'e stoutly any sus- 

Eicion of his nationality than Mr. Gladstone's 
rother, the late Sir Thomas Gladstone of 
Fasque, Kincardineshire, and, I hope, Mr. 
Gladstone's nephew, the present baronet of 
Fasque. Herbert Maxwell. 

Although Mr. Gladstone was born in Liver- 
pool, he used to speak of his nationality as 
Scottish, and when he restored the Market 
Cross of Edinburgh, in 1885, he caused an 
inscription to be placed on it in which he 
describes himself as " stirpe oriundus per 
utramque lineam penitus Scotica." W. S. 

White-headed Boy (9'" S. x. 229).— "White 
son" and "white boy" were formerly terms 
of endearment applied to a favourite male 
child or dependent. An illustration of the 
use of the term will be found in Green's 
'Friar Bacon' (1594):— 

Then ware what is done, 
For he 's Henry's white son. 

Again, in ' The Yorkshire Tragedy ' (1604) : 

Uh, what will you do, father? I am your white 
boy. 

Archdeacon Nares in his ' Glossary of the 
Works of English Authors ' gives the follow- 
ing examples : — 

What says my white boy? 

Beaumont and Fletcher (1613). 
I know, quoth I, I am his white boy and will not be 
gulled. Ford's ' Tis Pity," &c. (1633), 

Fie, young gentleman ! will such a brave spark 
as you, that is your mother's white boy, undoe 
your hojjes ? 

' The Two Lancashire Lovers ' (1640). 

Everaed Home Coleman. 
71, Brecknock Road. 

Ludoersall (9"^ S. X. 209, 335).— It is 
quite nnpossible that this place can be 
named "from tlie personal name Luitgar, 
which iiiay ^be found in the Anglo-Saxon 
charters." The reason is simple enough — 
viz., that any one who will be at the trouble 



to learn the alphabet will discover that ui 
is not an Anglo-Saxon diphthong. 

The corresponding A.-S. diphtnong is eo, so 
that, if the statement be correct, the A.-S. 
name was Leodgar. But as a matter of fact 
the name appears as " Lutegares hale," in 
the dative case, in Kemble's ' Charters,' 
vol. iii. p. 363, in charter No. 722. In 
Thorpe's ' Diploraatarium ' this is translated 
by " Ludgershall," p. 561. In Earle's'Land 
Charters,' p. 226, the spelling is " Lutegares 
heale," from another MS. Thus the owner's 
name was certainly spelt Lutegar in the will 
of /Ethelstan/Etheling, which exists in fairly 
good spelling. Whether this is the same name 
as Leodgar I leave to others. 

At any rate, the suffix was not hall, but 
kale. _ This hale is " sb. No. 2 " in the ' New 
English Dictionary,' and is derived from 
A.-S. heale (as above), the dat. case of healh, 
which means a haugh or " nook." 

Walter W. Skeat. 

Pricket Candlesticks (9'*' S. x. 228). — 
Examples of the "pricket" candlestick from 
Kirkstall Abbey were formerly in the collec- 
tion of the Society of Arts, London, and two 
of Limoges enamel are in the British Museum. 
Perhaps it is as well to state that a " pricket " 
was a candlestick with a spike in the centre, 
upon which a candle or taper was fixed. It 
was invariablj', it seems, of ecclesiastical use, 
and was probably so named from a male deer 
in its second year, which was called a 
" pricket " or " spitter," from the resemblance 
of its horns when they began to grow sharp 
to a "spit " ; or the deer may have beon named 
from the candlestick. Among other forms in 
which candlesticks were made was that of 
horns, says Fosbroke (' Encycl. of Antiq.,' 
vol. i. p. 278). A "mortar" was a cup-shaped 
vessel of similar construction, but neither 
pricket nor mortar was, 1 believe, when the 
custom of lighted candles was first adopted, 
placed upon the altar as at present, but round 
it, a beautiful custom with which it is as 
difficult to associate superstition as with the 
lamps of the seven virgins — a pious practice, 
as Mr. Edward Peacock says, alluding to the 
ancient use of candles in churches, which, 
though not part of the Church's teaching, is 
in harmony with it (see his ' Lights of a 
Mediajval Church ' in the Antiquari/, vol. 
xxiii.). An illustration of the pricket will be 
found in A. W. Pugin's ' Designs for Iron and 
Brass Work in the Style of the Fifteenth and 
Sixteenth Centuries,' 1830, plate 24. See also 
Fairholt's 'Miscellanea Graphica,' where 
(plate xxi.) coloured illustrations of pricket 
candlesticks of copper will be found; the 
Rev. F. G. Lee's ' Glossary of Liturgical and 



gt*' S.X.Nov. 8, 1902.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



877 



Ecclesiastical Terms,' 1877, s.v. ' Prick ' and 
'Pricket'; Pugin's ' Glossary of Ecclesiastical 
Ornament and Costume,' 1844 ; a paper con- 
tributctl by the late H. S. Cuming on ' Some 
Early Candlesticks of Iron,' in the Journal 
of the British Arclueological Association, 
vol. XXV., old series ; and valuable ' Notes on 
the Lights of a Mediteval Church,' by the 
Rev. F. W. Weaver, in the Antiqiuinj for 
June, 1892, where we are told that wax candles 
had various names. The larger ones were 
called torches {torticii) and tapers ; the smaller 
ones prickets, serges, ceriors, and betings. 
But these were, of course, apart from the 
numerous specific names given to candle- 
lights in connexion with particular customs 
or donors, the use of many of which still 
remains undefined. What, for instance, was 
a "Judas - candle," a "Hagoney- light," a 
" Dowell-light," or a " window-Hght ' {ibid.) 1 
An item from the chui-ch wardens' accounts of 
St. Mary Hill, London, was, " For ny we wax 
for the use of the church as in beme-light 
tapers, prykkets, and candillis, weighing 
92 lb. at Ahd. per lb., 1^. 14.s. 8(1" ('Illust. of 
Manners and Customs of the Fifteenth, Six- 
teenth, and Seventeenth Centuries, from 
Churchwardens' Accounts,' ifec, 1797, by John 
Nichols, p. 94). J. HoLDEN MacMichael. 

A candlestick with a spike in the centre of 
the dish or upper part, on which the candle 
was fixed, was called a pricket, I believe, to 
distinguish it from a socketed candlestick 
such as we use now. The late Kev. Mackenzie 
E. S. Walcott says that there are examples 
in the British Museum, and also in the collec- 
tion of the Society of Arts (' Sacred Archaeo- 
logy,' p. 468). The following references may 
be of service to Mr. White : Archceologia, 
xxvi. 404 ; ' Surrey Inventories,' 24, 45, 88, 
89 ; ' Monasticon Anglic.,' i. 65. Astaete. 

Lyrical Poetry (9''> S. x. 227).— It would 
not be by any means impossible to drop 
across a book such as Bass Clef requires. 
Many poetic selections have been published 
(and at comparatively cheap prices) during 
the last fifty years. 1 have myself possessed, 
and parted with, more than one volume con- 
taining verses suitable either for "penny 
readings" or for "setting to music." But 
" collections " of this sort, being usually taken 
from the writings of well-known poets — 
. L. E. L, T. Hood, Eliza Cook, Mackay, 
Charles Swain, and others— have been already 
utilized "up to the hilt" by composers. I 
myself, however, have at present a hundred 
or so of " non-copyriglit " verses (scattered 
here and there in commonplace books or in 
odd volumes of old magazines) written by 



the minor poets of the very early Victorian 
era. Should Bass Clef care to drop me a 
line I would lie very pleased to let him (or 
her) glance through ray old-world stor'es 
(gratuitously, of course) and see whether 
any of the " out-of-date " verses (of fifty odd 
years ago) would be of use— by adaptation, 
condensation, and with (perhaps) some slight 
alteration. I must, however, mention that 
the poems now in my hands are, with a few 
exceptions, of the "woodland," "village," 
"yeoman," or " truly rural " character, suit- 
able rather for basso or baritone singei's. 
I have very few "love" or "pinafore" sub- 
jects, though even of such I might find one 
or two. I would like to add that a few 
volumes of the Family Herald would, I 
believe, provide Bass Clef with what he 
requires ; but the poems in the earlier num- 
bers have (wherever worth setting to music) 
been used up long ago, while those still "in 
copyright" could only be set to music by the 
"kind permission" of the proprietors of the 
paper. I could not promise to part with any 
of my volumes of old " mags." ; but should 
Bass Clef "spot" a poem which he would 
esteem suitable I would have no objection 
to let him cut it out from the page— either 
with pen and ink or with scissors. 

Herbert B. Clayton. 
39, Renfrew Road, Lower Kenuington Lane. 

" Thirty days hath September " (9"^ S. x. 
206, 279, 3.31).— Richard Grafton was not an 
original poet so far as these lines are con- 
cerned, which are a translation of a Latin 
distich printed in Arthur Hopton's ' Con- 
cordancie of Yeares,' first published in 1615, 
From the edition of 1635, pp. 60-1, I quote as 
follows : — 

"The which ordination of the nioneths and 
position of daies, is used to this i^resent time, 
according to these verses : 

Sep. No. Inn. Ap. dato triginta : reliquis magis uno : 
Ni sit bissextus, Febrnus minor esto duobus. 
Which is, 
Thirtie dayes hath September, 
April], lune, and Nouember, 
The rest haue thirtie and one, 
Sane February alone. 
Which moneth hath but eight and twenty meere, 
Saue when it is Bissextile, or Leap-yeare." 

Hopton does not claim the authorship of 
the lines, neither, . I take it, does Qi'afton, 
both of whom printed them ; but, as the 
former was the ' Whitaker ' of his age, he is 
entitled, one would think, to the credit of 
having made them so popular. Who was the 
composer of the distich I cannot say. It is 
terse and useful, though written in barbarous 
Latin, in which last quality it is well 
matched by the English version. The couplet 



378 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9*^ s. x. Nov. s. 1902. 



was probably put togetlier by some monk for 
the benefit of liis l)retliren in what certain 
writers have called the " Dark Ages." Poly- 
dore Vergil does not give it, neither does the 
compiler of the 'Otiicina,' which was so 
popular in the sixteenth century. Whoever 
the authors were of these verses, as they 
souglit for no fame, let us say of them, 
" llequiescant in pace." John T. Curry. 

Some of your readers would perhaps like to 
know of one Italian (Tuscan) form of the 
above ; there may be several. Here it is : — 

Trenta giorui ha Settembre, 
April, Giugno, e Novembre, 
Di Vent" otto ce n' c uno 
E gli altri u' han treutuno. 

M. Haultmont. 

Sir Walter Scott and Sir David Wilkie 
(0'^ S. X. 129, 235, 315).— In the first chapter 
of ' The Bride of Lammermoor ' mention is 
made of " the sketches of a contemporary, 
the Scottish Teniers, as Wilkie has been de- 
•servedly styled." W. C. B. 



NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. 

Old English Sont/t and JJaiict-s. Decorated by 

W. Graham Robertson. (Longmans & Co.) 
Nut only a gift-book of siu'iiassing beauty is this col- 
lection of quaint old Knglish songs and dances with 
the admirably appropriate and spirited designs of 
Mr. Graham Robertson, it is also a work to delight 
the soul of the antiquary. The latter must not be a 
mere Dryasdust, but one— like our erudite friend 
Mr. Ebsworth, or our half-concealed contributor 0., 
whose identity we may not reveal— wlio loves the 
romance, humour, mirth, and satire of our 
ancestors. Chietiy from Western sources appear to 
be the songs Mr. Graham Robertson has selected, 
and many of them are familiar to us in name only. 
No information is supplied concerning the source or 
autliorshi)) of the songs, though three of them are 
said on the half-title to be taken from a recently 
published volume. It so happens that 'Uupid's 
(iarden ' is the only one with which we are familiar. 
Of this two verses are given, and if we could have 
a grudge against a book so delectable it would 
be thai the third verse, with its marvellous con- 
cluding lines, is omitted. Not knowing where it is 
to be found, we quote this from distant memory : — 

Says I, "My stars and garters, this here's a pretty 

go 
For a nice young maid as never was to sarve all 

mankind so ! 
Then t" other young maid looked sly at me, as 

from lier seat she ris'n. 
Says she, " Let thee and mc go our own way, and 

we'll let she go shis'n." 
'I'he 'Song of Willow' is, of course, suggestive 
of Desriomona's swan-song, from wliich, however, 
It (hllers in important respects, it is taken appar- 
ently, with 8hght alterations, from a black-letter 



ballad in the Pepys Collection, entitled ' A Lover's 
Complaint, being forsaken of his Love.' Chapi^ell's 
' Popular Music of the Olden Time ' gives the 
musical notation. 'Troy Town' is also from a 
Pepysian ballad called ' The Wandering Prince of 
Troy,' from which it dift'ers in other respects 
besides being considerably abridged. It is not, 
however, from the archieological standpoint that 
tins volume is to be judged, though that is the 
standard we are naturally most disposed to employ. 
It is as an artistic treasury that it is most remark- 
able. The coloured designs by Mr. Graham Robert- 
son are singularly powerful and artistic, and 
constitute, in some respects, a new departure 
in art. They consist principally of head and 
tail pieces, though to each song is ajipended 
a design occupying an entire page without being 
any larger than the others. ' Blue Muslin ' thus has 
a headpiece equally quaint and pretty, showing a 
lover holding up a blue shawl and striving to enfold 
in it a fair and chubby, but wholly recalcitrant 
maiden. The tailpiece is a symbolical night scene, 
in which the burden of the song is reversed, and 
the lover, enveloped in a blue mantle, is seeking to 
escape from the pursuit of the damsel, now con- 
verted to tenderness. The full-page illustration, 
which is very pretty, shows a girl on a green 
meadow, with a cottage and trees in the back- 
ground, holding up her blue skirt for the purpose of 
dancing. Music also is supplied in the simplest form 
of notation. As is one, so are all, except that in the 
case of dances such as ' Barley Break,' ' The 
Shaking of the Sheets,' and ' Bobbing Joan 'a single 
illustration suffices. An old-fashioned and very 
thick type is supplied, and most of the designs have 
a thick black border. We despair of conveying an 
idea of the spirit and beauty of the illustrations, 
and can only return to our first suggestion as to the 
charm of the work as a gift-book. The Christmas 
visitor who takes this work to a house in which the 
youths and maidens have a cultivated taste is sure 
of the warmest of welcomes. It is the best book of 
its class the season has brought us. 

A General Hidorij of the Kemp and Kempe Families 
of Great Britain and the Colonies. By Fred. 
Hitchin-Kemp, assisted by Daniel Wm. Kemp, 
J. P., and John Tabor Kemp, M.A. (Leadenhall 
Press.) 
The days are long past when the study of genealogy 
was in need of vindication, and a man when tracing 
the origin and growth of his ancestry had to protect 
himself from the accusation of snobbery. It is now 
generally recognised that the history of a family, 
scientifically investigated and truthfully told, forms 
a valuable contribution to national knowledge. 
There seems, indeed, every probability that before 
the close of the century a full record of most families 
of historical importance will be accessible on the 
shelves of our great libraries. It would be absurd 
for us, a propos of the account of a single family, to 
undertake the defence of that which no longer needs 
defending. In the case of all genealogical investi- 
gation a sense is constantly aroused of the culpa- 
bility of those who have allowed priceless documents 
to perish of neglect, or even to undergo a fate such 
as tiiat which befell uni.]ue plays of Tudor times 
at the hands of Warburton's cook. Such losses 
atl'ect rather middle-class families than those of 
great territorial possessors, in whose libraries or 
muniment rooms records are constantly stored and 
kept. As in many other cases, the families of Kemp, 



9"'S.x.Nov.8.i902.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



379 



Kenipe, &c.. belong to both classes, reaching up to 
near the throne, but descending also into the pro- 
fessional and trading community. The present 
compilation is the work of many hands. In addi- 
tion to Mr. Fred. Hitehin-Kemp and his two asso- 
ciate or assistant editors, no fewer than six other 
Kemps, Kempes, and Kemp-VVelchs are assigned a 
share in the production. Thougli not to be called a 
common, Kem]i is a widespread name. Uilliculty is 
naturally experienced in grouping under headings all 
the various families to be found in Britain and else- 
where, nor indeed is the effort seriously made. The 
name is to some extent Dutch, and the history of 
political antagonisms repeats itself, and just as 
there were Kemps on both sides during the wars of 
the Commonwealth, and probably, could the fact be 
traced, during those of the Roses, so English and 
Boer Kemps stood op]3osite each other in the veldts 
and drifts of South Africa. 

In its various forms the name is of unques- 
tioned antiquity. In East Anglia, where it is of 
most frequent occurrence, the stock of Kerajis is 
assitmed to have occupied an important place. 
Documents of such venerable antiquity are naturally 
wanting, yet proof is supplied that from a period 
soon after the Norman Conquest the representatives 
of the family were above the rank of the villeins. A 
si)ecially interesting chapter deals with the origin 
of the name Kemp, which Prof. Skeat finds in the 
Anglo-Saxon word " cenipa," a champion. Some 
doubt is thrown upon this by Mr. John Tabor 
Kemp, to whom the introductory portion of tlie 
book is due. Mr. Kemp holds that the name has 
arisen in more than one way, and finds evidence 
that the Kemps are derived from more than one 
physical stock, those of East England being gener- 
ally of Saxon and Danish type, while the Kemps 
of the West he classifies as Kelts. Stress is laid 
upon the fact that in Anglo-Saxon, as in modern 
Welsh, Gaelic, and Irish, the symbol c possessed 
the sound of k. In early documents accordingly, 
and even so late as the latter half of the eighteenth 
century, the spelling Cemp is encountered. In the 
Norwich Consistory Court is the will of Mary 
Cemp, of Great Yarmouth, who died in 1759. Kemp 
or Kenipe is found so early as the twelfth century. 
There was a Gotfred Kemp living in Norwich so 
early as 1154; but the siielling with K is rare until 
much later. No Kemp appears in 'Domesday,' in 
which the name is De Campe. De Combes or 
Compes, Canipio, and Campian or Campion 
are variants. Edmund Campion, Jesuit, executed 
in 1581, was buried as Edmund Kemp. The 
family of Archbishoi) Kemp changed their names 
from De Campes. In 1624 a testator signed his 
will Thos. Champe, while his son attesting 
signed Thomas Kempe. Many other curious 
forms are given in the chapter (ii.) from which we 
take this information. Several instances of the use 
of Kemjie as a private soldier are given in Percy's 
' Relicjues,' in which also we iiave " the Kempery 
men.' The ' H.K.D.,' which had not reached "k ' 
when the chapter was written, quotes under anno 
700, and with the reference " Epinal Glo.ss.," "Gla- 
diatores, caempan." It also gives the verb kemp, to 
contend in reaping. The most distinguished bearers 
of the name include John Kempe, or Kemp, Cardi- 
nal Archbisho]) of Canterbury, Lord Chancellor of 
England under Henry VI., known as " the cursed 
cardinal," whose portrait serves as frontispiece, 
and William Kemp, the morris dancer, whose well- 
known likeness is also reproduced. Thomas Read 



Kemp is commemorated in Kemp Town. Numer- 
ous portraits of baronets and their dames, of resi- 
dences and the like, and ample pedigrees illustrate 
a volume which is a model in its class, and indexes 
of persons and places add to its value. A supple- 
mentary volume containing a history of the family 
of Brook, Brooks, Brooke, and Brookes is con- 
templated, and bearers of that name are invited to 
communicate with Mr. Fred. Hitchin-Kemp at 
Catford. For the connexion between Brookes, &c., 
and Kemps the reader must turn to the volume. 
The history is admirably got up in all respects. 

The Penny Chronologi/. By W. T. Lynn, 

B.A., F.R.A.S. (Sampson Low & Co.) 
Tins little brochure gives a selection of the most 
important dates in the history of the world, from 
tlie establishment of the monarchy in the Holy 
Land (soon after which the dates in the Assyrian 
canon come to our aid) to the accession of 
Edward VII. of Britain. 

The latest issue of Folk-lore contains a carefully 
prepared paper treating of "the lifting of the 
bride "' and similar wedding customs. Another 
article deals with Balochi beliefs and superstitions, 
and at p. 296 is an appeal to folk-lorists who may 
have collected notes on the Yuletide mumming- 
play, asking them to forward information to the 
editor of the ])roposed volume on vestiges of folk- 
drama in the British Isles. This work, which has 
been decided on by the Council of the Folk-lore 
Society, is, it appears, in active preparation. 
Readers of 'N. & Q.' who know anything of the 
morris dancers, "plough-stots," and other mummers 
who yet enliven village life at Christmastide would 
do well to send information relating to the dress, 
action, and dialogue of the players to the secretary 
of the Society. 

The article of most interest in the Fortnightly is 
the demand of Prof. J. P. Postgate, ' Are the Classics 
to Go?' The writer holds, of course, with almost 
every man of true culture that they must not. We 
must gird up our loins, however, and be zealous in 
well-doing if we are to save them. One of the steps 
to be taken is a revision of our elementary books. 
For the Latin grammar most in use with beginners 
a good word has never been spoken. Unsatisfactory 
is a euphemism when used concerning it. There is 
not in existence an elementary grammar in which, 
says the ))rofessor, " the conjugation of the Latin 
verbs for to ' eat ' and to ' drink ' is correctly given." 
Never, too, has the pronunciation of Latin been in 
worse state than now it is. Mr. Edmund Gosse 
writes on Philii) James Bailey an unappreciative 
article. Mr. Gosse was born too late to come directly 
under the influence of Bailey. He deals at some 
length, though not quite satisfactorily, with the con- 
dition of poetry before Bailey's advent, and assigns, 
we hold, to wrong causes the influence exercised by 
' Festus.' On Bailey's lack of humour he is severe ; 
but he quotes few or none of the gems of poetry with 
whieli 'Festus' abounds. With more justification 
Mr. Francis (4ribble inveighs against Zola, who is 
assailable enough in respect of his obscenities and 
his errors in taste and judgment. What is advanced 
in mitigation of Zola's offences is that he clid not 
deliberately iiander to the worst taste of the 
"human beast." Zola is also credited with "an 
enthusiasm for justice"— surely one of tiie most 
desirable and rarely accorded of gifts. Sir H. M. 
Stanley writes on 'New Aspirants for African 



380 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9«^ s. x. Nov. 8, 1902. 



Fame,' Miss H. C. Foxcroft on ' The Limitations of 
Lord Macaulay,' and Prof. Leech on ' The Monroe 
Doctrine.'— An article on ' Owls,' by Mr. R. Bos- 
worth iSmith, which ajipcars in the Nineteenth 
Gcntuni,\s.a.\\ nnlikc the ordinary contents of the 
great reviews, but is not the less interesting or 
valuable on that account. It deals freely with the 
references in literature to the bird of wisdom, but 
is chiefly noticeable for its rehabilitation of the 
character of one of the most maligned of bipeds. 
At the close of an important contribution Mr. 
Smith recommends the establishment of owl 
sanctuaries, and he would fain see the day when 
the owl shall be regarded and protected in England 
as the stork is in Holland and elsewhere. We, too, 
would fain see such a day, but almost despair. 
The notion seems ineradicable in England that 
animals are made for the sole purpose of being 
killed, and that he is most of a naturalist who 
destroys the largest number of beautiful and inter- 
esting objects. A good account is supplied by Mr. 
R. E. C. Long of ' People's Theatres in Russia.' 
Few lessons are to be learnt concerning these things 
in England, where we suffer in towns from the 
*' monotony of incessant excitement and uninter- 
mitted work." It is only in villages that the 
"monotony of lack of thought holds sway." Mr. 
E. Kay Robinson treats of 'The Man of the Past' 
in a vein we had almost called "flippant "in the 
case of a scientific subject. ' Ways and Means,' by 
J. D. Rees, C I.E., supplies some startling contrasts 
between the conditions of life prevalent in India 
and at home. It seems almost inconceivable that 
an Indian ryot may be supported at the rate of a 
l)enny a day. Lord Ueumau's paper on ' The War 
Office and Remounts' is the most important in the 
number. We greatly regret that we are prohibited 
from dealing with it, as we are for another reason 
with Mr. (r. R. S. Mead's ' Some Notes on the 
Cinostics.' — Inihe Pall Afa/l 'Some Points of Interest 
in the New Westminster Cathedral ' are dwelt upon 
by Mr. Hugh R. Philpott. Mr. Norman Shaw's 
utterance that it is " the finest church that has been 
built for centuries " is quoted with implied approval, 
and the reasons for following Byzantine instead of 
Gothic models are supplied. It is too long for us 
to enter personally into the matter. The question 
of the name has interest. That of the New West- 
minster Cathedral cannot be maintained, and that 
of the Westminster Cathedral seems appropriated 
by Westminster Abbey. (Japt. Eardley Howard's 
'On the Indian Frontier' has remarkable interest 
and value. The views of Kafiristan, its inhabitants, 
male and female, and its monuments repay close 
study. A curious custom is mentioned. When 
the hour of childliirth is at hand the woman is 
I)laced in a rudely fashioned shelter in the fields, 
where the infant is born. An account of 'Boston, 
Ancient and Modern,' attracts both by its letter- 
press and its illustrations. 'A Rival of Niagara' 
describes the Falls of Iguazd, little known to 
ordinary travellers or explorers. These are singu- 
larly beautiful and magnificent, and will in time 
be a shrine of European travel. Part II. of ' Gesture 
and Facial Expression " is given. ' The Problem of 
the Philippines,' 'A New Pacific Cable,' and 'The 
Footprints of Fashion' are also of interest.— In the 
Corn/till the Rev. Dr. Fitchett gives the life of Sir Ed- 
ward Berry, one of the bravest of Nelson's captains, 
though, as events jiroved, a worse than indifierent 
commander. The study forms part of the author's 
forthcoming work, 'Nelson and hia Captains.' 



No. III. of 'Prospects in the Professions' deals 
with the solicitor. The writer is in this case more 
didactic than has been his wont. Who shall .say 
that his advice is unneeded ? ' The Woman Stealers,* 
a romance of i)rimeval times, is occupied with thej 
days when "a grey sea I'olled through the Vale ofj 
Evesham," and shows the revenge taken by a chief- 
tain of the Bronze period upon the earthmcn wh 
had stolen lijs promised bride. Prof. Bonney' 
'The Making of Modern Europe 'is an importan 
contribution, dealing also to some extent with th 
problems of early ages. ' Nights at Play ' describe^ 
the proceedings at an East-End workmen's club, 
'Provincial Letters' depicts Oxford in the vaca- 
tion. — In 'At the Sign of the Shiji,' in Longmaii's, 
Mr. Lang deals with Zola, concerning whom he 
declares that " his whole method was a blunder 
in art, but behind it was the kind of genius which 
takes endless trouble." In ' Our Poisonous Plants ' 
the Rev. John Vaughan says that half a berry of 
the deadly nightshade has been known to cause 
death within a few hours. Apart from the fungi, I 
the number of poisons to be found in English fields, 
hedges, and woods is remarkable. ' Napoleon's 
Weird ' is a quaint fancy by Mr. Walter Herries 
Pollock. Mrs. Clement Shorter is responsible for 
'The Two Maidens.' — In the Gentleman's 'The 
Pyrenean Playground : an Appreciation,' says much 
that is true, but does not tell the entire truth. 
There are drawbacks from a trip on the Spanish 
side of the Pyrenees. ' Phantom Puppets of the 
Stage of Shakespeare ' is by Mr. H. Schiitz Wilson. 
' The Duchy of Naxos ' also deserves to be read. 



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9t''S.xi.jAx.3i,i903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



81 



LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARV 31, 1903. 



CONTENTS. -No. 266. 

NOTES :-Hi.storical Crux, Rl-Jubilee of the 'Field,' 82— 
Merry Tales, 84— Dr. Eilinoml Halley, 85 — " Paau," a 
Loincloth — Church Briefs — " Sul)urbaiiite " — Purcell's 
' Life of Manning,' 86. 

QUBUIES :—" Lucid interval" — "Such spotless honour," 
&c. — Dumont Family — McDonough — Bishop Fleming- 
Portrait of General Medows, 87 — Capt. Masterson— Early 
Jewish Engravers — Harrison, Regicide — Pitt — 'Quarterly 
Review' — Novels wiih Same Title — McNair Family — 
Poems Wanted — Milton's ' Hyran on the Nativity' — 
Road Waggons from Liverpool — 'Bibliographical and 
Retrospective Miscellany,' 88 — Inn Signs by Artists — 
"Ant" and "Emmet" — " Shis'n " and "This'n" — 
Lyceum Library, Hull — Jervois — Newspaper Cuttings 
changing Colour, 89. 

REPLIES :— "Appendicitis," 89— Watchhouses to prevent 
■Body snatching — Author of Lines— Kurish German — "To 
the nines," 90— Maltese Language and History — "Kit- 
Cat" Portraits — Annie of Tharau— Castle Carewe— Village 
Library, 91—" Keep your hair on "-Duels of Clergymen- 
— Miss Anne Tallant — Tucker, 92 — Cope — Cockade of 
George I. — Ireton Family — Tintagel Church— Misquota- 
tions, 9.3— Princess Charlotte, 94 — " Lupo-mannaro " — 
Clarke— Worsham — Keats's ' La Belle Dame sans Merci ' — 
" Fert, Fert, Fert," 95— Sir John de Oddyngesles- Shake- 
speare's Seventy -sixth Sonnet, 96— Norton Family — 
" Dutch courage," 97. 

NOTES ON BOOKS :—Besant's 'London in the Eighteenth 
Century' — Dayot's 'Napoleon raconte par I'lmage ' — 
Bell's • Lives and Legends of the Great Hermits and 
Fathers of the Church' — Taylor's 'Gammer Grethel's 
Fairy Tales' — " Chiswick Shakespeare" — 'Clergy Direc- 
tory and Parish Guide.' 

Notices to Correspondents. 



HISTORICAL CRUX. 

Having read in the newspapers some 
months ago that a stained glass window had 
been put up in the Roman Catholic Church 
at Maidstone to the memory of the Irish 
priest John O'Coigly, or Quigley, who was 
executed there for treason in 1798, I was 
induced to read the account of the trans- 
action which is given by Froude in his 'The 
English in Ireland in the Eighteenth Cen- 
tury.' I do not enter into the question of 
the relations of O'Coigly to the English 
Government, his traitorous intentions, and 
other surmises of the kind. ' N. &, Q.' does 
not furnish an arena for political or theo- 
logical controversies, and long maj^ it be free 
from tliem ! I merely wish to discuss the 
matter upon historical grounds, and shall be 
very happy if any reader better informed 
than myself can clear up the difficulties of 
the case. I say nothing of the extremely 
virulent language used by Froude when 
speaking of O'Coigly and one of his fellow- 
prisoners, Arthur O'Connor. It will suffice 
to quote the historian's remarks on the latter : 
he calls him "another Phelim O'Neil, with 
the polish of cultivation, and tvith the inner 
nature of a savage." 



The readers of 'N. & Q.' will perhaps 
remember that O'Coigly was arrested under 
very suspicious circumstances at Margate at 
the " King's Head," whence he was about to 
sail to France, being in treasonable corre- 
spondence with the French Government. 
The real cause of the capital sentence inflicted 
upon him at Penenden Heath (not Penning- 
ton, as Mr. Froude has it, ed. 1882, iii. 369) 
was that a document was said to have been 
found in his possession which contained an 
address to the French Directory, inviting them 
to send assistance to the Irish rebels. This 
document was stated to have been discovered 
in the pocket of a great-coat. Here Froude 
shows his usual inaccuracy. He speaks of 
the great -coat as hanging in the room in 
which the prisoners were arrested ; but John 
Renett, the Bow Street runner (for so these 
officers were called), says in his evidence, 
" When I went into the room where Coigly 
was found, I saw a great-coat lying on a chair 
on the left hand ; as I went into the room 
Coigly asked if he might take his breakfast." 
I ought to say here that I have had for many 
years a copy of the account of the trial 
published in London just after it occurred 
(1798), a pamphlet of fifty- one pages. I 
suppose nothing more complete on the sub- 
ject could be found. 

Of course I do not deny that O'Coigly 
and liis companions were engaged in what 
were called treasonable plans ; but the evi- 
dence was not enough to have convicted him 
had not the pocket-l30ok furnished the most 
direct proof. Tliey shuffled and prevaricated, 
naturally, but Froude acknowledges (iii. 368) 
that O'Coigly declared on the scaffold that 
the papers in his pocket had been placed 
there by other hands, and that he died a 
murdered man. Froude again says (p. 369), 
" From the platform below the gallows he 
repeated ' firmly and distinctly,' without 
passion and without extravagance, that he 
was an innocent man." 

The following is Froude's comment on the 
dying man's conduct : — 

" So with a certain courage — for according to his 
professed creed he was risking his soul for his 
revenge— this miserable being, who had been raised 
by accident into momentary and tragic visibility, 
was swung off and died." 

Let us observe the perversity and malignity 
of each word of this sentence. 

The writer of the present note is one of 
those who think that O'Coigly spoke the 
truth on the scaffold. According to this 
view, the paper had been put into the great- 
coat pocket by one of the infamous band of 
informers who flourished so ^much at that 



82 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [gt" s. xi. jan. 31, im 



time, and indications of whose existence in 
very recent days have not been wanting. One 
of the witnesses for the Crown in O'Coigly's 
trial avowed himself an informer. Was it to 
be conceived that a conspirator would be so 
reckless, even if he carried such a document 
at all, as to leave it carelessly in a great-coat 
on a chair ? Would it not be concealed care- 
fully on his person ? And, indeed, what would 
be the use of carrying such a document at 
all 1 Froude (p. 359) very rightly comments 
upon tiie absurd bombast it contained, and 
says, "It seemed like the production of a 
lunatic." Again, there were no signatures to 
it to give it any intrinsic value as a docu- 
ment recommending the bearer (it is printed 
in crtenso on p. 8 of the 'Trial'). Even a novice 
in secret correspondence, such as Andre, put 
his treasonable papers in his boots. And of 
O'Coigly we are told by Froude (p. 357) that 
he was a ready, busy, cunning pert^on, was 
skilful in disguises, and had learnt the art of 
passing to and fro without detection. The 
historian has just been telling us of O'Coigly's 
constant visits to France. It seems to me 
absolutely incredible that the Irish priest 
could have acted in such an idiotic manner 
as to carry with him a childish unguaranteed 
proclamation, and leave it carelessly in a 
chair while having his breakfast at a public 
inn. 

It is not a little curious that before the 
trial began a certain Kev. Arthur Yonge was 
accused of tampering with the jurors. That 
gentleman had said that he had been trying 
to convince them how necessary it was for 
the security of the realm that the felons 
should swing (' Trial,' p. 4). 

I therefore do not believe that O'Coigly 
died with a lie in his mouth, just as I do not 
believe that Arthur O'Connor was a savage, 
the less so because the Hon. T. Erskine, the 
Duke of Norfolk, C. J. Fox, Lord John 
Kussell, and Mr. Whitbread spoke in favour 
of the latter, and no doubt secured his 
ac(iuittal. The prisoners were five in num- 
ber : O'Connor, O'Coigly, Binns, Allen, and 
Leary. Of these only Coigly was executed, 
because in his great -coat the letter was 
found. 

I shall be glad if some readers will furnish 
any new facts to elucidate this curious case. 
If more damning facts are known about the 
prisoners, let them bo stated ; but it seems 
to mo that Froude, as in so many cases, is 
here little solicitous about accuracy. We look 
for tiie histoiian, and find the rhetorician— 
and even in that rhetoric how frequently 
tliere is much to oll'end one's taste ! 

OXONIENSIS. 



THE JUBILEE OF THE 'FIELD.' 

(Concluded from p. 64.) 

Among other early contributors to the 
Field were the Hon. Grantley Berkeley and 
Du Chaillu. The trophies of the latter, 
when exhibited in the old office in the 
Strand, at the corner of Wellington Street 
now occupied by the Morning Post, created 
remarkable interest. At a more recent 
date the late Henry Jones ("Cavendish") 
represented whist ; Steinitz, the greatest of 
chess masters, chess ; and the late Mr. Dixon 
Kemp, yachting. Mr. F. Toms succeeded 
Mr. Walsh as editor. He is described as 
" a walking encyclopaedia, and one of the 
most unassuming of men." 

It was John (jrockford who purchased the 

eaper for Mr. Cox. He obtained it from 
enjamin Webster for a trifling sum, and it 
proved a very remunerative investment. In 
a short time the net profits amounted to 
20,000^. a year. The management was placed 
under Crockford's control. He was a splendid 
man of business, and in 1859 founded the 
' Clerical Directory ' which bears his name. 
In his career he had but one failure. 
He tried to establish a literary paper, the 
Critic. To this he brought all his great 
ability, but after fifteen years he gave it up 
in despair. I had occasion to call upon him 
a short time before his death, when we joined 
in a hearty laugh over his former furious 
attacks on the Athenceum. " Dilke's Drag" 
he used to call it, and would accuse it of 
"vulgar insolence and coxcombry " and "the 
coarsest vulgarity." As we parted he said, 
"You have the Athenoe^im to be proud of, 
and we have the Field." His sudden death 
on the 13th of January, 18(j5, was a loss which 
seemed to be almost irreparable, but Mr. 
Irwin E. B. Cox, who was editor of the 
County Courts Chronicle and sub-editor of 
VaeLaiv Times, stepped into the breach, gave 
up his career at the Bar for the time being, and 
assumed the control. He had as his assistant 
his cousin, Mr. Horace Cox, who has now 
the entire responsibility of the large business 
of Windsor House in his hands. This develop- 
ment has been enormous. The machine room 
is one of the finest in London, and contains 
seven rotary machines besides about thirty 
Wharfedales. These are kept at work almost 
day and night. The amount of paper used 
per week is 800 reels, besides 1,200 reams of 
quad-royal art paper. If the paper duty 
still existed the amount payaole weekly 
would be 12,180/. Of course, this consump- 
tion of paper includes other publications than 
i those issued from Windsor House. 



gt" s. XI. Jan. 31, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



83 



The death of Mr. Serjeant Edward William 
Cox took place suddenly on the 24th of 
November, 1879. He was born on Decem- 
ber 8th, 1809 ; he went to Oxford, and was 
intendeil for the Church, but adopted the 
profession of a solicitor at Taunton, and was 
eventually called to the Bar. He had strong 
journalistic tendencies, his first venture being 
the Somerset County Gazette. On coming to 
London he started the Laiv Times. He was 
a prolific writer, and the ' Dictionary of 
National Biography' (vol. xii. pp. 409-10) 
gives a list of twenty-nine of his books, his 
first being a collection of poems entitled 'The 
Opening of the Sixth Seal.' The others 
include many well - known legal works. 
One, ' The Law and Practice of Joint- 
Stock Companies,' has been through six 
editions. 

On the 22nd of February, 1875, he founded 
the Psychological Society of Great Britain, 
and devoted much time to spiritualism, in 
which he was a most consistent believer, 
writing several books on the subject. He 
was twice married, his second wife being the 
only daughter of J. S. M. Fonblanque. He 
was a man full of kindliness and honesty. 
An appreciative notice appeared of him in 
the Athenoeum of the 29th of November, 1879, 
and his portrait was given in the Illustrated 
London JVeivs, December 6th, 1879. 

The rapid increase in the sale of the Field 
can be seen at once upon reference to the 
official stamp returns. For the year 1854 
the number used was 167,217. It must be 
remembered that this represented the entire 
sale. In 1856, the second year of Mr. Cox's 
proprietorship, this number, notwithstanding 
the repeal of the compulsory stamp, was 
exceeded by a thousand, and in 1857 the 
return shows the number had increased to 
240,500. 

The present circulation of the Field is not 
quoted, but it must be a large one. Its issue 
for the 17th inst. consists of thirty-four pages 
of matter, well printed on good paper. 
Besides this there are, including the cover, 
thirty-four pages of advertisements, repre- 
senting 951 different advertisers. The value 
of these to the proprietors probably exceeds 
twelve hundred pounds. 

The Field has long abandoned its record of 
current events, the space being required for 
its own special subjects ; but there are many 
articles of general interest. Those in the 
number just mentioned include ' Travel and 
'Colonisation' and 'A Summer Holiday 
in Newfoundland.' Mr. C. Holmes Cautley 
gives some extracts from an old Styiian 
game - book. These afibrd a glimpse of 



country life in Styria from July 12th, 
1636, to Martinmas, 1643. The patriarch 
of the staff, Mr. W. B. Tegetraeier, who 
recently received the hearty congratula- 
tions of his colleagues on his eighty-sixth 
birthday, makes another contribution to the 
history of " vanishing London " in a paper on 
the close of the Aquarium, "the last of the 
pseudo-scientific institutions." He remarks 
how singular it is that all such institutions 
should come to grief. His reminiscences 
include the menagerie at Exeter Change, 
where he saw the elephant Chuny. Chuny 
had to be shot, and the other animals were 
removed to thesiteoftheNational Gallery, and 
thence to the Surrey Gardens. The body of 
Chuny was stuffed and placed in the Museum 
at Saffron Walden. At the Exhibition of 
1851 it was a prominent feature in the Indian 
Court, covered as it was with gorgeous trap- 
pings. Mr. Tegetmeier also remembers tlie 
exhibition of the skeleton of a gigantic whale 
in a large temporary building erected across 
Trafalgar Square ; the Adelaide Gallery, at 
the end of the Lowther Arcade, organized 
for the popular exhibition of scientific inven- 
tions ; the Polytechnic; the Panopticon; 
and, last, the Aquarium, designed as a winter 
garden and promenade, which could be utilized 
by members of the House of Commons, whilst 
the science of fish culture could be exhibited. 
Mr. W. A. Lloyd was the manager. The 
tanks were well stocked with different species. 
The large quantity of salt water required 
was a great expense. Mr. Lloyd was most 
enthusiastic in his studies of the habits of 
fish. He watched them so constantly that 
their mode of progression became reflected in 
his own. In the Athenoeum of April 1st, 
1871, he gave a sketch of the history of 
'Aquaria.' An obituary notice of him ap- 
peared in the same paper on the 24th of 
July, 1880. 

In all these cases the scientific excitement 
soon waned. Mr. Tegetmeier relates that at 
the Adelaide Gallery a greater attraction was 
the exhibition of Madame Wharton and her 
troupe. The Panopticon became converted 
into the Alhambra, under the successful 
management of Mr. John Hollingshead. 
The Polytechnic is now a useful educational 
institution. The sudden death on Saturday, 
January 17th, of Mr. Quintin Hogg, the 
founder of the new Polytechnic, must be 
here noted. He was one of London's noblest 
citizens, and from the time of his school- 
days at Eton devoted his whole life to 
the poor boys of London. Upon the Poly- 
technic scheme he expended 100,000/. He 
had designed the place for 2,000 members ; 



84 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9"> s. xi. jan. si, im. 



its present number is 18,000. His motto 
for the institute was "The Lord is our 
Strength." 

The Fithl modestly expresses a liope that 
"when another half century shall have 
run its course those who are then serving it 
may be able to congratulate themselves on 
its prosperity, as we of to day are permitted 
to do." In 'this desire all lovers of a pure 
press will join, and I close this sketch with 
the wish for all prosperity to my kind friends 
and neighbours at Windsor House. 

John C. Francis. 



MERRY TALES. 

{Continued from 9*'' S. ix. 8'25.) 

' Tales and Quiche Ansiveres.' 

L. ' Of the phisitian that bare his paciente 
on honde he had eaten an asse.'— Poggio, 
No 109. I think it is also in Sansovino, 
' Cento Novelle,' but I cannot now find the 
exact reference. It is also in 'Contes a rire 
et Aventures Plaisantes, ou Recreations Fran- 
daises,' Paris, 1881, 'Simplicite d'un Apprenti 
de Medecine,' p. 49 ; and very much the same 
in Xo. 290, p. 153, of 'Marottes a vend re, ou 
Triboulet Tabletier ' (no date), " Au Parnasse 
Burlesque, I'an premier de la nouvelle ere " 
(apparently London, 1812). 

LL ' Of the inholders wyfe and her 2 
lovers.'— This is taken from No. 267 of Poggio. 
It has a strong similarity to Nov. 6 of the 
seventh day of Boccaccio's ' Decameron,' but 
to give the very numerous references to the 
various forms and analogues of the story 
would take up too much space. 

Lll. ' Of hyra that healed franticke men.' 
— This is the second of Poggio and the seventy- 
seventh of Morlini (" Bibliotheque Elze- 
virienne," 1855, p. 149), whence it was taken by 
Straparola into the 1st of the thirteenth day 
of his 'Piacevoli Notti.' (It is not to be found 
in the old French translation of that work by 
Jean Louveau and Pierre de Larivey, " Bib- 
lioth. Elzev.," 1857, where it is replaced by 
another tale) It is one of the tales from 
Poggio which are found annexed to yEsop's 
fables. Mr. Jacobs, in his edition of Gaxton's 
tran.slation of ^Esop, 1889, gives the following 
references: Kim., 18; ' Nugaj Doctte,' 5G ; 
Geiler, ' Xarrenschiff,' 148b; Kirch., i. 425; 
Oest. ; in Ilannot'er 7\u/csjiost, 7, 14 Feb , 
1867. It is told of a man in Gloucestershire 
in ' Pa-squil's Jests,' p. 62. 

LV. ' Of hym that .sought his wyfe agaynst 
the streme.'— This is tlie sixtieth of Poggio; 
'Poesies' of Marie of France, 'D'un huome 
qui avait une fame tencheresse' (?), vol. ii. 
p. 382; Legrand, 'Fabliaux,' 3, 181; very 



shortly in ' Passa- tempo,' p. 74, and in 
Domenichi, 28 verso. It is La Fontaine's 
'La Femme Noyee,' vol. i. p. 212 of the 
edition by Robert, 'Fables Inedites de La 
Fontaine,' 1825. Robert i-efers to Faern., 13 ; 
0th. Mel Joe, 277 ; H. Arconatus, ' Del. Poet. 
Germ.,' part i. p. 387 ; Hulsbuch, p. 33 ; Grat. 
a Sancto Elia, i.; ' Divert. Cur. de ce Temps,' 
p. 19 ; Arl. Mainard, p. 60 ; Ces. Pav., 31. 
It is also No. 142 of Pauli, but at somewhat 
greater length. Oesterley refers to Hollen 
'Serm. ^stiv.,' 82, E. ; 'Scala Celi,' 87b 
'Spec. Exemplor.,' Maj., 818; Wright, 10 
'^isopus Dorpii : Fabularum,' &c., 1519, 4to, 
162; 'Conviv. Sermon.,' i. 309; ' Nugse 
Venales,' 74 ; 'Scelta di Facet.,' 130 ; Zabata, 
'Facet.,' 81 ; 'Arcadia di Brenta,'211 ; Verdi- 
zotti, 'Cento Favole Morali,' Venez., 1577, 
4to, 53 ; L. Garon, ' Chasse Ennui,' Paris, 
1641, 3, 37 _; ' Faceties et Mots Subtils,' 186 ; 
Brant, Ciijb ; Casp. Barthius, ' Fabularum 
/Esopicarum Libri V.,' Francof., 1623, 8vo, 5, 
20 ; Geiler, ' Narrenschiff,' 68 Schar, 5 Schel., 
fol. 180b (falsch) sign. Yiij verso, sp. 2 ; 
'Scherz niit der Warheyt,' 3lb ; Ambros. 
Metzger, 133 ; Hulsbuch, 33 ; Eutrap., i. 734 ; 
Schiebel, ' Historisches Lusthaus,' Leipz., 
1681, fob, ii. 189 ; K. v. Sinnersberg, ' Belusti- 
gung vor Frauenzimmer und Junggesellen,' 
Rothenburg, 1747, 8vo, 568. It is the 227th 
of Vitry. Mr. Crane says it appears to be 
the oldest version, but Bedier, ' Les Fabliaux,' 
&c., 1895, p. 124, says this is an error. Mr. 
(jrane says it is twice cited by Etienne de 
Bourbon and is found as a brief reference in 
Holkot, ' In Librum Sapientise Regis Salo- 
monis,' Lect. XXX. viii. p. 136. It is found 
shortly with a local application in ' Pasquil's 
Jests,' &c., p. 27. 

LVII. ' Of hym that wolde gyue a songe 
for his dyner.' — This is a translation of the 
259th of Poggio, whence it is also taken into 
Bonaventuredes Periers, 'Contes ou Nouvelles 
Recreations et Joyeux Devis,' No. 122. 

LVIII. ' Of the foole that thought hym 
selfe deed.'— Also a translation from Poggio, 
No. 268. This story is as old as the ' Soma- 
deva,' chap, xxxix. of the translation in the 
' Berichte der Kon S. s. Ges ,' 1861, p. 223 ; 
the Fabliau called the ' Vilain de Bailleul,' 
by Jean de Boves (Montaiglon, itc, iii. 208), of 
which an abstract will also be found in Le- 
grand, iv. 218. It forms the subject of the 
old German poem 'Der begrabene Ehemann '; 
Hagen, ii. 361 ; Des Periers, No. 68 ; Doni, 
' Lettere,' ed. 1547, Florence, ii. 14, or Doni, 
'Novelle,' No. 6 of the ed. of 1863 ; Grazzini 
(II Lasca), No. 2 of his ' Second Cene '; 'Cent 
Nouvelles Nouvelles,' No. 6 ; Bandello, ' No- 
velle,' No. 17 of second part ; Fortini, No. 8 



9"'S.xi.Jan.3i,i903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



85 



of the ed. of "Autori Fiorentini— Autori 
Senesi." It forms an incident in Southern's 
' Fatal Marriage ' and in Beaumont and 
Fletcher's 'The Night Walker, or the Little 
Thief; 'Les Contes et Faceties dArlotto de 
Florence,' ed. Ristelhuber, Paris, 1873, No. LX. 
In the ' Gesta Romanorum ' (No. 132 of the 
ed. translated by Swan ; Madden, No XX. 
p. 57 ; Early English Text Society, ed. by 
Ilerrtage, p. 67) it is the story of persuading 
a man he lias leprosy. It is imitated by La 
Fontaine in his 'Feronde, ou le Purgatoire,' 
from Boccaccio's 'Decameron,' Day III. No. 8; 
'Almanach des Muses,' par Hedouin, 1778, 
'LeMort Parlant'; Imbert, 'Nouvelles His- 
toriettes en Vers,' 1781, iii. 1 ; 'Les lUustres 
Proverbes,' p. 10 ; Bebelius, ' Fabula de 
Mulierum Astutiis,' p. 27 verso of ed. Berne, 
1555. Clouston, vol. ii. p. 33, says it is "in 
a Hindu story-book," but he gives no refer- 
ence. Hans Sachs has it twice : once in a 
poem under date of 29 April, 1546, and again 
in a 'Fastnachtspiel'; Brant, 'Fabeln,' Frei- 
burger L^ebersetzung, 1535, 173b; 'Les 
Plaisanteries de Nasr-Eddin Hodja,' tra- 
duites du Turc par J. A. Decourdemanche, 
1876, Nos. XLIX. and LXVI. The story 
forms one of those in the cycle of tales 
known by the name of ' Les Trois Dames qui 
trouverent un Anel,' a full discussion of which 
can be found in Rua's 'Novelle del Mam- 
briano,' &c., 1888, p. 104 et seq., and Bedier, 
' Les Fabliaux,' chap, viii., and see p. 475. 

LIX. ' Of the olde man and his sonne that 
brought his asse to the towne to sylle.' — A 
Buddhist parable cited from Gaston Paris, 
*ContesOrientaux,'byLevequein'Les Mythes 
et les Legendes de I'lnde et la Perse,' &c., 1880, 
p. 566 ; Poggio, No. 100 ; Faernus, ' Fables C. 
fromPoggio.' Levequesays Poggio borrowed 
it from Boner. It is also in Racan, ' G^uvres : 
Memoires pour la Vie de Malherbe,' ed. Jan- 
net, t. i. p. 278 ; La Fontaine, ' Le Meunier, 
son Fils et I'Ane'; ' Conde Lucanor,' chap, 
xxiii. ; ' Forty Vezirs,' by Sheykh Zada, 
translated by Gibb, 1886, p. 218; ' Contes et 
Discours d'Eutrapel,' par Noel du Fail, ed. 
"Biblioth. Elzevir.," 1874, vol. ii. p. 216. It is 
the 577th of Pauli. Oesterley quotes Ibn 
Said, ' Mughrib von Maqqari,' i. 679 ; Brom- 
yard, J. 10, 22; 'Scala Cell,' 135a (Joh. de 
Vitry) ; Wright, ' Latin Stories,' No. 144, 
p. 129; 'Rosarium,' i. 200, X. ; Brant, Fiij b ; 
Jac. Fontanus, 'Opp.,'ii. p. 1259; Camerarius, 
169 ; Wildebran, ' Del. Poet. Germ.,' vi. 1108 ; 
' ^Esopus Dorpii,' 164 ; Ysopo, 1484, col. 22 ; 
Bruscambille, ' O^uvres,' 1629, p. 170; Fr. Joh. 
Desbillons, ' Fabulae ^Esopicfe,' i. 2; Mannh., 
1768, 1780, ii. 442 ; 14, 10 ; Enr. Gran, ' Gran 
Specchio d' Essempi, trad, da Astolfi,' Venet., 



1613, 4to, p. 602, ex. 71 ; Ces. Pavesio, ' 150 
Favole tratti da Diversi Autori,' 1587, 8vo, 
No. 105 ; Giord. Ziletti (Verdizotti, p. 12) ; 
Ulr. Boner, 'Der Edelstein,' hg. von Fr. 
Pfeiffer, Leipz , 1844, 8vo, 52 ; Hans Sachs, 
i. 4, 323 ; Seb. Wild, 'Com. u. Traged ,' 1566, 
sign, kk vij ; Seb. Frank, ' Sprichworter,' 
1541,4to, fol. 342b; Egenolf, 1582,342b; Euch. 
Eyring, ' Proverbiorum Copia,' 1-3, Eisleb., 
1601, 8vo, iii. p. 498 ; Greef, ' Mundus ' (Godeke, 
'Grundr.,' 364); Canitz, 'Nebenstunden,' 52; 
' Der teutsche Solon,' 1729, p. 373 ; E^chenb. 
in iV. Lit. Anz., 1807, iii. 452 ; Lessing, ' Schr.,' 
1825, 8, 90; Godeke, in 'Or. und Occ.,' ii. ; 
'Asinus Vulgi'; Dodsley, 'Select Poems,' ii. ; 
Burom (Byrom 1), ' Poems,' i. p. 41 ; J. Krasiki, 
' Bajkii Przypowiesci,' 1849, p. 92; ' Danisch 
von Helvader, bei Finkenridderens Historie,' 
s. 1. eta.; Nyerup, 'Almindelig Morskabslres- 
ning,' Khobenhaven, 1816, 8vo, 237. 

A. COLLINGWOOD LeE. 
Walthani Abbey, Essex. 

{To be continued.) 



Dr. Edmond Halley. (See 9^'' S. x. 361.) 
— The works named below should be added 
to the list previously printed : — 

I. Life and Work. 

Voyage to the South Sea (A. F. Frezier), p. 323. 

Uisling. Men of Modern Times(H. Maiden), 12 pp., 
iii. 134. 

Hooke's Lectures and Collections. 1678. 

The Coming Transit of Venus (George Forbes). — 
Nature, 23 April, 1874. 

Humboldt's ' Cosmos.' 

Journal Historitjue de Voyage fait au Cap de 
Bonne Esperance par feu M. I'Abbe de la Caille. 
Paris, 1763. 

Nature, 6 March, 1879, p. 422. 

Handbook of Descriptive and Practical Astronomy 
(George F. Chambers), i. 438, 443. Oxford, 1889. 

Early History of Magnetism (K.). — Nature, 
27 April, 1876. 

The Observatory, xxii. 354. 

II. Portraits. 

"Also I give to the President and Fellows of the 
Royal Society, London, my picture of Doctor 
Halley (my late father)." — Will of Catherine 
Price, dated 8 July, 1764, proved 14 Noveuiber, 
1765, Mary Entwisle sole executrix, P.C.C., Lon- 
don, Register Rushworth, fo. 423. 

III. Genealogy. 

Will of Catherine Price, last above cited. 

Marriage, Millikin-Entwisle. Harleian Society's 
Publications, Registers, xxvi. 101. 1899. 

New York Genealogical and Biographical Record, 
xxxiv. 52. 1902. 

Grant of Administration on yiersonal goods of 
Margaret Halley, P.C.C, London, Noveuiber, 1743. 

Dr. Edmond Halley 's religious and moral 
character has been questioned, but the im- 
partial reader doubtless will adopt Sir David 



86 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9"^ s. xi. Jan. 31, loos 



Brewster's opinion as expressed in his ' Life 
of Newton,' ii. 1G5 (1855). 

Certain genealogical data have been cour- 
teously supplied by Mr. llalpli J. Beevor, 
22, Craven Street, Strand, London, W.C. ; 
Mr. Fred. Ilitcliin-Kemp, 6, Beechfield Koad, 
Catford, S.E. ; Mr. George F. Tudor Sher- 
wood, 50, Beecroft Road, Brockley, S.E., and 
others, to the writer, who is very grateful 
therefor. Eugene Fairfield McPike. 

Chicago, Illinois, U.S. 

" Pa AN," A Loincloth.— This term is given 
in the ' Stanford Dictionarj',' with quotations 
from Bosman (1705) and Adanson (1759), and 
by way of etymology " Native West African." 
This is incorrect. It is merely Portuguese 
jxinno, Latin pannus. The more usual spell- 
ing in modern English works of travel is not 
given in the ' Stanford,' viz., pagne, which I 
find, for instance, in Sonnerat's 'Voyages,' 
1788 (" The dress of the Madagascars is only 
a pagne," vol. iii. p. 32), and in Burton's 
'Wanderings in West Africa,' 1863 ("Scanty 
pagne or loincloth," vol. i. p. 154). There 
are many Portuguese words in daily use in 
Africa, such as caboceer, dash, fetish, ]mlaver, 
panyar, scrivello, (tc. James Platt, Jun. 

Church Briefs.— The following list of col- 
lections, made, I presume, in response to 
briefs, is entered at the end of the first 
existing register belonging to the parish of 
West Haddon, co. Northampton :— 

(Collected at West Haddon for 
The Towne of Peccleton, co. Leicester. 30 Nov., 
1657. 14.S. "id. 
Fakenhani, co. Norfolke. 23 Sept., 1660. 18.s. 
Mt. Melvell (?) co. Doune in Ireland. 30 Dec, 

1660. 7'-- ^hd. 

Little Melton in Norfolk. 31 March, 1661. 5h. 2d. 
Milton Abbas, co. Dorsett. 17 Feb., 1660 [.v('c]. Ss. 
llniinster, co. Soniersett. 18 April, 1661. 14.s-. 9kZ. 
Klmley-Castle, co. Worceter [s/rl. 23 June, 1661. 
&*. 3id. 

The towne of Scarborough, co. Yorke. 7 July, 

1661. 7'''. \<l. 

The citv of Oxford. 21 July, 1661. 9.s. Id. 

Great Drayton, co. Salop. 4 Auj;., 1661. 8.s. 5hl. 

Mr. Dutton, of West Chepe. 18 Aug., 1661. 5.v. id. 

Pontefract Church, co. Yorke. 1 Sept., 1661. 
4.f. ^<l. 

Bridgenorth, co. Salop. 15 Sei)t., 1661. 4.v. \d. 

Widow Ro.se Wallis of O.xford. 29 Sept., 1661. 
4^. Oi'/. 

Ripon, in Yorkshire. 13 Oct., 1661. 4.s. IkZ. 

Richard Awedley and others, Buckingham. 
27 Oct., I(i61. 4.S-. 'Ihd. 

Builiiigbrooke in the parts of Lindsey, co. Lin- 
colne. 10 Nov., 1661. 4.s. 3'Z. 

The Lithuanians. 5 Jan., 1661. 5s. 1U(Z. 

The harbour of Watchett, co. Somerset. 2 Feb., 
1661. 4 s. Id. 

Mr. Henry Harrison, Mariner, towards his losse 
by shipwracke. 2 March, Mil. 5.v. M. 

Severall persons in the Strand in the parish of 



St. Martin's in the fields that suffered by fire. 
20 April, 1662. 5.s. Id. 

Sowerby in the parish of Thirske, co. Yorke. 
18 May, 1(362. 5^. 8k/. 

Creswell in Staffordshire. 1 June, 1662. 3.s. 9c/. 

Harwich, co. Essex. 14 June, 1663. 5s. 8cZ. 

Heighington in the parts of Restoney in Lincoln- 
shire. 25 Oct., 1(36.3. 4.S. 5'/. 

East Hendred, CO. Berks. 8 Nov., 1663. 5s. 2d. 

Grantham, co. Lincoln. 10 Jan., 1663. 3.s. \0d. 

Thrapston Bridge, Northton. 20 March, 166.3. 
2.S. 4r/. 

John Ellis, of Milton, co. Cambridge. 28 Feb., 
1663. 4.V. 

Robert Martin and ten others, of Harold, co. 
Bedford. 3 April, 1664. 5.s. 5d. 

Inhabitants of Weedon that suffered by the flood. 
No entries of date or money. 

Towards the repair of the Church. No entries of 
date or money. 

Sandwich, co. Kent. 25 April, 1664. 3.s. Qd. 

Wythani, co. Sussex. 15 May, 1664. 4.s. 4(/. 

I shall be much obliged to any kind friend 
for details throwing light on the circum- 
stances which called forth any of the above- 
mentioned collections. John T. Page. 

West Haddon, Northamptonshire. 

" Suburbanite "= Frequenter of a Sub- 
urban Theatre.— This is the latest, and 
almost, it may be hoped, the vilest coinage 
of the Sunday press. Urban. 

Purcell's 'Life of Manning.'— Referring 
to the account given by A. W. Hutton in the 
' Eucyclopsedia Britannica,' supplementary 
vol. vi., of the way in which the above ' Life ' 
came to be written, a writer in the Tablet for 
15 November, 1902, at p. 769, says : — 

" This is not quite exact, and perhaps we may as 
well take the opportunity of stating what really 
happened. Purcell, who had formerly often attacked 
Cardinal Manning, through the medium of a small 
journal he edited, in his old age came to be in con- 
siderable pecuniary difficulties. He judged Man- 
ning aright when, in spite of what had passed, he 
went to him for assistance. To Purcell's suggestion 
that he should be allowed to write a biography of 
him, the Cardinal gave a tolerant assent, on the 
understanding that the book was to be published 
at once, as indeed was necessary to meet Purcell's 
needs. When a friend remonstrated with the 
Cardinal for allowing a man so ill equipped for the 
task to write a line about him, he replied, 'Oh, I 
am telling him nothing which he could not find for 
himself in the back files of the Tahiti or the Dublin 
Revitio.' The little book was to be just a pot-boiler 
for the benefit of Mr. Purcell. Then came the 
Cardinal's death, and with it Purcell's opportunity. 
He went to the literary executors, and stated, what 
in a sense was quite true, that, with the late Car- 
dinal's permission, he was engaged in writing his 
biography. Dr. Butler, misunderstanding the situa- 
tion, and supposing he was carrying out the dead 
man's wishes, at once handed over a whole port- 
manteau full of confidential papers without further 
inquiry." 

J. B. W, 



g^-s.xLjAx.si.im] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



87 



We must request correspondents desiring infor- 
mation on family matters of only private interest 
to affix their names and addresses to their queries, 
in order that the answers may be addressed to them 
direct. 

"Lucid interval "—Who first used the 
medical Latin phrase lucidum mtervallum, 
which is found in English writers from 1581 
onwards ? Is it, like so many other medical 
Latin terms, a translation from Greek or 
Arabic 1 The Anglicized form, lucid interval, 
was, so far as I know, first employed by 
Bacon in 1622. 1 should be glad of any earlier 
examples. It is noteworthy that the phrase 
was not originally, as in modern times (both 
in English and French), applied exclusively 
with reference to insanity, out was also used 
to designate a period of quiescence of any 
intermittent disease. Henry Bradley. 

Clarendon Press, Oxford. 

" Such spotless honour," (fee. — I am 
anxious to learn the authorship and origin 
of the following lines, which I have recently 
come across in a MS.— half journal, half 
commonplace book— of the early part of last 
century : — 

Such spotless honour, such ingenuous truth, 
8uch ripened wisdom in the bloom of youth, 
So mild, so gentle, so composed a mind. 
To such heroic warmth and courage joined, &c. 

They are said to have been written by Pope 
(d. 1744) on the death of Capt. Thomas Gren- 
ville, of the navy (si. 1747), a statement 
clearly inaccurate. I do not believe they 
were written by Pope • I do not know that 
they were written on tne death of Grenville; 
but I shall be greatly obliged to any kind 
reader who will tell me something about 
them. Grenville lies at Wotton, and there 
is a monument to his memory at Stowe ; but 
the " &c." seems to preclude the idea of these 
lines being an inscription on either tomb or 
memorial. J. K. Laughton. 

King's College, London. 

Dumont Family.— The origin of several of 
the families Dumont has been traced to 
Flanders. Is it not possible that they, in 
turn, were all of Norman descent? There 
were Dumonts in Normandy so early as 1422, 
which may be seen from the ' Memoires Inedits 
de Dumont de Bostaquet, Gentilhomme Nor- 
mand,' pp. 327 and 329 (Paris, 1864). This 
work, by the way, forms a spirited and fas- 
cinating narrative of the " Glorious Revolu- 
tion of 1688." It merits an English translation 
in full. Accounts of certain of the families 
Dumont will be found in ' Une Faraille 
d'Artistes: les Dumont' (Paris, 1890), 'Die 



Famillien Du Mont und Schauberg in Koln ' 
(Cologne, 1868), and in the American Genea- 
logist, i., June, 1899 (Ardmore, Pennsylvania, 
U.S.). Eugene Fairfield McPike. 

Chicago, Illinois, U.S. 

Felix Bryan McDonough.— Can any of 
your readers give me information as to the 
birth and parentage and early life of Felix 
Bryan McDonough, who was initiated as a 
Freemason of the Somerset House Lodge, 
London, in 1793 1 He was educated at Oxford, 
and entered as an officer the 2nd Life Guards 
afterwards. Celt. 

Bishop Fleming.— Perhaps some of yoiir 
correspondents can give me information 
regarding George Fleming, Bishop of Car- 
lisle from 1734 to 1747, as to his family and 
parentage. A. W. Graham, Col. 

67, Gipsy Hill, S.E. 

Portrait of General Medows.— I shall be 
indebted to any of your readers who may 
name the painter of a full-length portrait of 
General Medows (afterwards Sir William 
Medows, K.B.), which was begun in 1792, 
and which was eventually hung in the Ex- 
change or Town Hall of Fort St. George, 
Madras. The Madras Courier of 7 June, 
1792, records that a meeting was held on 
21 May :— 

"The Meeting recollecting that there is at 

this time a very eminent Portrait Painter here ; 
It is resolved that the Chairman of the Committee 
shall request Lord Cornwallis to sit for his picture 

to be put up in the Town Hall Resolved also 

that General Medows be requested to sit for his 
Picture to be put up with that of His Lordship in 
the Town Hall." 

In the Supplement to the Calcutta Gazette of 
23 August, 1792, it is stated that at a meeting 
held at Madras on 25 July 

"The Committee chosen at the Meeting held on 
the 21st May, having reported to this Meeting 
what has passed respecting the procuring the 
Picture of General Medows to be put up in this 
Hall with that of Earl Cornwallis ; This Meeting 
express their approbation on the occasion, and 
request the Committee will take the best steps in 
their power to have the Picture completed." 

The difficulty alluded to was probably due to 
General Medows's departure for England in 
July. 

The portrait of Lord Cornwallis was painted 
(and signed) by Robert Home. The picture 
of General Medows is unsigned. Probably, 
though not certainly, the latter was also by 
Home. The files of the Madras Courier for 
1792 preserved at Madras, at Calcutta, in the 
India Office, and at the British Museum, are 
all imperfect, and no record has been traced 
in them of the name of the painter. 



88 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9'" s. xi. ja^. 31, 1903. 



A portrait of Medows was subsequently 
painted in England by W. Haines. An en- 
graving (head and shoulders) of this picture 
was published in tlie ' Royal Military Pano- 
rama and Officer's Companion,' vol. iv., 1814. 
H. D. Love, Lieut.-Col. R.E. 

Madras. 

Capt. Nicholas Masterson.— Can any of 
your readers give me information concerning 
the parentage and career of the above Capt. 
Masterson ? His name appears in the ' Calen- 
dar of Treasury Papers, 1714-19,' wherein, on 
9 November, 1714, he petitions the Lords of 
the Treasurj' for payment of a pension granted 
to him for the loss of a leg and other wounds 
received at the battle of Tanniers, near Mons. 

F. A. Johnston. 

Wellington Club, Grosvenor Place, S.VV. 

Early Jewlsh Engravers.— I shall be very 
grateful if any readers of 'N. & Q.' could 
furnish me with some information (or tell me 
where it is to be found) concerning the follow- 
ing Jewish engravers of book-plates (ex-libris). 
Thej' all flourished (except the last named) 
during some part of the eighteenth centui-y : 
Ezekiel, of Exeter; Levi (Benjamin); Levi 
(I.), Portsea; Mordecai (M.); Moses (M.), 
Portsmouth ; Hess (Israel), Liverpool (1830). 

D. H. Aaron. 

35, Sutherland Avenue, W. 

Thomas Harrlson, Regicide.— I should be 
glad to have any information about the wife 
and children of Thomas Harrison. 

Templar. 

William Pitt, Lord Chatham, wrote in 
1733 a 'Letter on Superstition ' in the London 
Journal. The British Museum copy of the 
London Journal is imperfect. Can any 
correspondent inform me whether any 
library contains a complete volume of that 
newspaper for the year 1733 % Lord Chatham 
was born in the parish of St. James, West- 
minster, and [ judge (from letters published 
among the ' Fortescue Papers ') that he was 
born in his father's house in Golden Square. 
Is the site of this house known ? L. H. 

Number of ' Quarterly Review.'— In the 
Quarterly Review, 263, for January, 1872, 
p. 147, in 'Tlie Year of the Passion,' a paper 
in a former number is referred to "on the 
date of our Lord's Nativity." I want to know 
which is the number in question and date. 

R. B. B. 

Two Novels with the Same Title.— In 
the Lowestoft Standard of 12 i\larch, 1893, a 
new dramatic serial commenced, under the 
title of ' The White Gipsy,' by J. Monk Foster, 



and ended in the issue of 15 July the same 
year. The other tale entitled 'The White 
Gipsy ' is in one volume, by Annette Lyster, 
tlie author of ' North Wind and Sunshine,' 
ifec, published under the direction of the Com- 
mittee of General Literature and Education 
appointed b}^ the Society for Promoting 
Christian Knowledge. No date of publication 
is given, but the Ijook was certainly issued 
before the serial of the same name appeared 
in the Lowestoft Standard. Can any sub- 
scriber to ' N. & Q.' kindly say if the serial 
has been published in book form % 

Hubert Smith. 

McNair Family.— Can any reader tell me 
what is the origin of the surname McNair, 
borne by some branches of the McGregor 
clan ? W. C. Richardson. 

Poems Wanted.— I shall be glad to learn 
where to find a poem in which is described 
a game at cards, containing the following 
lines : — 

Four knaves with garb succinct, a trusty band. 
Hats on their heads and halberts in their hand; 

and another poem containing these lines : — 

The flower of beauty slumbers. 
Lulled by the sea-breezes sighing through her hair, 
Sleeps she, and hears not my melancholy numbers. 

Alfred Webb. 

[The first quotation is from Pope's ' Rape of the 
Lock,' iii. 41.] 

Milton's ' Hymn on the Morning of 
Christ's Nativity.' — 

Nature in awe to him 
Had dofFd her gaudy trim. 

These lines are usually printed with a 
comma after him. Is this the correct 
reading ? If so, the construction seems 
peculiar, and I find nothing in the 'H.E.D.' 
that is exactly like it. I am told that in Mr. 
Beeching's edition there is no comma. Is not 
the correct reading — 

Nature, in awe, to him 
Had doff'd her gaudy trim ? 

C. C. B. 

[In the edition of 1673, which is the earliest we 
possess, the only point in the two lines is a comma 
at the close. This is also the case in Mr. Beeching's 
edition.] 

Road Waggons from Liverpool.— Where 
can I find particulars of the above, which 
afforded the only means of sending heavy 
goods from Liverpool before railways wei'e 
invented 1 (Mrs.) J. Cope. 

13c, Hyde Park Mansions, W. 

' Bibliographical and Retrospective 
Miscellany,' London, John Wilson, 1830. — 
Allibone places this book under " Poole, E R." 



g'^'S.xi.jAN.si.im] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



89 



I should be obliged for information as to the 
source of this knowledge. Lowndes inserts 
the book under the printer's name. H. K. 
[It is assigned to Poole in Halkett and Laing.] 

Inn Signs by Celebrated Artists.— Will 
some one be so kind as to give me a list of the 
inns, <fec., throughout the country which have 
had signs painted for them by famous 
artists'? Rudolph de Cordova. 

" Ant " AND " Emmet."— A native of Oxford- 
shire assures me that emmet and ant are not 
really synonymous, but that emmet means a 
smaller species of ant than that designated 
by this smaller word. Does any dictionary 
mention this popular distinction between the 
two terms ? E. S. Dodgson, 

" Shis'n " and " This'n." — On p. 6, ante, 
a pretty song is quoted, ending with the 
line — 

Says she, " Let us go our own way, and we 'U let she 
go shis'n."' 

Last summer I heard an old woman at Little 
Hucklow, in Derbyshire, use the word this'n 
several times, and made a note of it. She 
was afflicted with chronic rheumatism, and 
she said, "It's miserable to be i' this'n," 
meaning "in this condition." I have also 
heard hisn in the doggerel- 
He that takes what isn't hisn 
Shall be catched and sent to prison. 

It may be that thisn, in the sentence spoken 
by the Derbyshire woman, represents "Sissum, 
the dative of the O.E. ci'es, this. But how can 
the endings of the other words be explained 1 

S. O. Addy. 

Lyceum Library, Hull.— Doubtless there 
are readers of ' N. & Q.' who can supply 
information concerning this institution. I 
should be glad to know when the library 
was founded, and whether it is now in 
existence. Is a list of its librarians, with 
dates of their service, obtainable 1 1 believe 
the building in which the books were housed 
when I was a child, and in which, some forty- 
five years ago, I first became acquainted with 
' N. & Q.,' has been pulled down. 

F. Jarratt. 

Samuel Jervois. — In 1652 one Samuel 
Jervois, with others, had lands assigned to 
him in the parish of Myross, co. Cork. He 
is probably identical with Capfc. Samuel Jer- 
vois, or Jervais, who is mentioned in the 
State Papers as liaving seen service under 
the Parliament in England, Scotland, and 
Ireland. I liave records of his marriage and 
descendants, but wish to find out where he 
came from. It has been suggested that he 



was of French Huguenot descent. Can any 
reader help me 1 Arthur Groves. 

11, Parkhurst Road, New Southgate, N. 

Newspaper Cuttings changing Colour.— 
Can any reader of ' N. & Q.' tell me why the 
cuttings from certain papers — the Daily Mail 
for one— should change colour after being 
pasted into a scrap-book ; and, if so, whether 
there is any way of obviating this difficulty 1 
I notice, on looking over my last year's scrap- 
book, that some of the cuttings have changed 
to a bright yellow colour, and in every case 
this has occurred with those taken from the 
cheaper papers. Is this the result of some 
chemical employed in manufacturing the 
paper ? If such is the case, it would seem 
useless to preserve cuttings from the cheaper 
morning or weekly papers, as in a few years' 
time they will be practically illegible. 

Frederick T. Hibgame. 



"APPENDICITIS." 
(9^'^ S. xi. 46.) 

The reference to the absence of this word 
from_ the 'N.E.D.' (in 1883), while it is 
mentioned (among other diseases) under 
-itis (in 1900), is a reminder of the fates 
of words, and not less of the chances of lexi- 
cographers. When the portion of the dic- 
tionary dealing with «/>/>- was written in 
188.3, we had before us a single I'eference, 
from a recent medical source, for this word. 
As words in -itis are not (in origin) English 
in form, but Grseco-Latin, and thus do not 
come within the scope of an English dic- 
tionary, unless, like bronchitis, they happen 
to be in English use, I referred our quotation 
for appendicitis to a well-known distinguished 
medical professor, from whom the dictionary 
has received much help, asking him not only 
for an explanation, but for guidance as to 
the standing of the term. His answer was 
that a})pendicitis was a name recently given 
to a very obscure and rare disease ; the term 
was purely technical or professional, and had 
even less claim to inclusion in an English 
dictionary than hundreds of other Latin or 
Latinized Greek terms of which the medical 
lexicons are full, and which no one thinks of 
as English. In accordance with this opinion 
and evidence, appendicitis was excluded from 
the dictionary', a memo, of it being sent on 
for consideration in the article -itis ; and for 
some years nobody missed it. But in process 
of time this " obscure and rare disease," or 
perhaps one ought to say its diagnosis, sud- 
denly became common, and the " purely 



90 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9''' s. xi. jan. 31, 1903. 



technical or professional" Latin term was 
caught up by the penny-a-liner, and came 
to everybody's eyes and' ears. Apparently 
everybody who read or heard of the mys- 
terious word rushed at once, not to the Syden- 
ham Society's or other medical lexicon, but 
to the ' New English Dictionary ' for some 
account of it, and, not finding it there, wrote 
to me to express their disappointment or 
indignation — indignation being especially 
strong on the part of those whose friends or 
relatives had oeen victims of the disease, 
which, having thus shown that it was not to 
be trifled with, ought to have been treated 
with respect in the dictionary. 1 have had 
more letters about the omission of apj^endicitis 
than about anj' word in the language. Per- 
haps readers of ' N. & Q.,' who now know the 
facts, will abstain from swelling the number. 
No dictionary before 1890 contains the word ; 
it is wanting even in the 'Century,' 1889. 

Words in -itis have come greatly into popu- 
lar use during the last twentj' years. Pre- 
viously to thati doubt whether any other 
than bronchitis (invented in 1814) was " under- 
standed of the people," and even that was 
often put into more familiar guise as Broivn 
Titus or Broivn Typhtcs—as good Englishings 
as the once fashionable sparroivgrass for 
asparagus. When a part of the body was 
inflamed, our mothers were satisfied to call it 
inflammation of the throat, the ear, the eye, 
or the bowels ; now their children prefer to be 
professionally assured that they are suffering 
from laryngitis, otitis, ophthalmitis,^ or perito- 
nitis; familiarity with these mysterious names 
seems to make the disease itself better known, 
and so, according to the adage, "half-cured." 
When you can call your malady endocarditis, 
you have got to the very heart of the matter, 
and know that that is what it really is. The 
result is that it becomes doubtful whether 
we can any longer say that words in -itis 
(whether or not English in form; are not 
English in use ; and it is evident that aj^pen- 
dicitis, tliougli unknown to English dictiona- 
ries before 1890, must be included in all 
dictionaries for the future. But what of all 
the thousand -itis names for diseases not yet 
popular? J. A. H. Murray. 

,, "This term was used by Dr. W. Osier at 
the 1 hiladelphia County Medical Society on 
14 December, 1887. See .Medical News 
7 January, 1888, p. 26 (quoted in Braithwaite's 
Retrospect of Medicine,' xcvii. 50). 

Adrian Wheeler. 

WATCHHOU.SE.S FOR THE PREVENTION OF 

BODYSNATCHING (9"> S. x. 448 ; xi. 33) -In 
connexion witli Mr. Manley's note on the 



watchman who formerly guarded the burial- 
ground of the Maiden Lane Synagogue, I 
may mention that Mr. Abraham Mocatta, of 
Mansell Street, Goodman's Fields, in his will, 
dated 30 January, 1800 (P.C.C. 132 Adderley), , 
leaves instructions that his grave should be) 
watched for twelve months by three men, one 
by night [day ?] and two by night, and if at the 
end of the year no disturbance of his remains 
has taken place, 200/. is to be divided among 
them ; but should they fail in their trust the 
money is to go to charities. His tomb is in 
good preservation, and is in the interesting 
burial-ground of the Spanish and Portuguese 
Jews in the Mile End Road. 

Thomas Colyer-Fergusson. 
Wombwell Hall, near Gravesend. 

In the wall or railing surrounding Ber- 
mondsey Churchyard are two small polygonal 
buildings of one floor only. The one nearest 
the church is partially shown in a print, dated 
1804, given in E. T. Clarke's ' Bermondsej',' 
1901 ; but these buildings are probably much 
older. Were they constables' lock-ups for 
evildoers ; or what was their original use ? 

Adrian Wheeler. 

Bermoudsey. 

Author of Lines Wanted (9"' S. xi. 28). — 
The lines quoted by Dr. Murray form the 
eighth and ninth stanzas of John Greenleaf 
Whittier's poem 'William Francis Bartlett' 
(1878). The first line should read- 
When Earth, as if on evil dreams. 

Walter Jerrold. 
Hampton-on-Thames. 

KuRisH German (9'^'^ S. x. 406).— Some of 
the pronunciations given by Mr. Ackerley 
in his interesting note as peculiar to Kur- 
land are common to many parts of Germany ; 
the pronunciation of the modified vowels il 
and as ih and eh respectively can be heard, 
for instance, in Saxony, and the letter g is 
very frequently pronounced soft in such ex- 
pressions as " heil'ger Mann," " Elgersburg," 
in various provinces. In fact, there is 
excellent authority for the soft sound of q 
in such forns as " heil'ger." Bude, which 
is given as M.H.G., is N.H.G.; the M.H.G. 
form is buode. Charles Bundy Wilson. 

The State University of Iowa. 

" To the nines " (9''^ S. x. 387, 456 ; xi. 
34). — The reason why I referred to Mr. C. P. G. 
Scott's article in vol. xxiii. of the Transactiom 
of the American Philological Association is 
because the treatment of the whole question 
of "attraction" in English is so full, and the 
number of quotations is so large. I am quite 
satisfied with his explanation, and I think 



9'hs.xLjAN.3i,i903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



91 



that any one who really takes the trouble to 
consult his articles on this and similar sub- 
jects will rather be disposed to thank me for 
the reference than to doubt liis results. I 
apologize for omitting to refer to 'Folk- 
Etymology,' which is an old friend. 

Walter W. Skeat. 

Maltese Language and History (9'''' S. 
X, 466).— Among various editions of Thomas 
a Kempis which are on my shelves, there is 
one in the Maltese language :— 

" L'Imitazioni ta Cristu. Mictub bil-Latin minn 
Tonimasso da Kempis u inin herum niigiub ghat- 
tielet darba bil Malti. Malta, stanipat ghand C. 
Busuttil, 1.33, Str. Forni. 1885." Pp. viii-254. 

It shows a curious mixture of Eastern and 
Western elements. William E. A. Axon. 
Manchester. 

"Kit-Cat" Portraits (9^^ S. x. 188, 231, 
316, 435, 471 ; xi. 13).— Mr. Page may be 
interested to know that a year or two ago 1 
was pointed out the portraits then hanging 
on the walls of the supper-room at the Grafton 
Gallery, in Grafton Street, as having belonged 
to the Kit-Cat Club. At Barn Elms (the 
Ranelagh Club house) there is, or was, one 
that I was bold had also belonged. 

Harold Malet, Colonel. 

A 2^^02)08 of the above subject, may I refer 
your correspondents to 'The Kit- Cats,' a 
poem, folio, published by E. Sanger and E. 
Curll in 1708 ; also to ' The Kit-Cats,' a poem, 
with the picture in imitation of Anacreon's 
'Bathillus,' published in 1708? The above 
formed items in a catalogue of old books 
recently sent out to me by a London book- 
seller. 1 may add that, unless I am much 
mistaken, a recent member of the Gloucester- 
shire County Cricket eleven bore the name 
of Kitcat. J. S. Udal, F.S.A. 

Antigua, W.I. 

A long and interesting article entitled 
' The Kit-Cat Club,' with reproductions of a 
number of the portraits, will be found in the 
Gra2)hic, 11 March, 1893. George Potter. 

Highgate, N. 

Annie of Tharau (9'^'^ S. xi. 7).— Does not 
this zoological hybrid (" Du bist mein Taub- 
chen, mein Schafchen, mein Huhn ") belong 
to the Griselda cycle? There is a Swedish 
ballad about pretty Anna, but J. G. von 
Herder's version was based on that by Simon 
Dach. J. Dormer. 

Miss Gibbs says, " I know, of course, the 

German ballad to her by Helder also that 

Longfellow made a translation of it." Long- 
fellow's 'Annie of Tharau' is given in his trans- 



lations as "from the Low German of Simon 
Dach," and sometimes with the second title 
of ' Anke von Tharau.' Dach was a well-known 
seventeenth-century poet and hymnologist ; 
he was professor of poetry at Konigsberg, and 
died in 1659. For fuller particulars concern- 
ing him and his work see Winkworth's 
' Christian Singers of Germany.' 

Walter Jerrold. 
Hampton-on-Thames. 

Castle Carewe (9"^ S. ix. 428, 490 ; x. 92, 
214, 314, 373, 453; xi. 18).— Great difficulties 
exist in the way of making out a clear and 
satisfactory pedigree of the Carews and Fitz- 
geralds. A little more light has been thrown 
on the subject by an article in the recently 
published part iv. of the Ancestor, entitled 
'The Value of Welsh Pedigrees,' by Mr. 
H. J. T. Wood. Mr. Wood shows that Mr. 
Round's pedigree was in some particulars 
based on insufficient data, and he gives a 
Welsh pedigree from ' The Golden Grove,' 
which includes Dr. Drake's " Hamlet," or, 
in other words, " the cardinal name " Odo, 
son of William Fitzgerald. Odo de Kerreu is 
called "consobrinus " by Giraldus de Barri, 
and is stated to have married a daughter of 
Ricardus filius Tancardi. But the equation 
of the names Otherus and Odo is not proved. 

According to Mr. Wood, Gladys, the daugh- 
ter of Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn, who is stated in 
the peerages to have been the wife of Walter 
Fitz Other and mother of Gerald of Windsor, 
was in reality the mother of the latter's wife, 
Nesta, daughter of Rhys ap Tewdwr. 

It would be interesting to know Stow's 
authority for the statement that " Othowerus " 
was the first Constable of the Tower. It is 
very likely that this person was the father of 
Walter Fitz Other, the Castellan of Windsor ; 
but so far, I believe, no evidence has turned 
up to show that Other was ever in England. 

W. F. Prideaux. 

Village Library (9"> S. xi. 8).— As " there 
is nothing like leather " for show, so, I 
believe, there is nothing like buckram for 
use. It is cheap and in no wise nasty, and 
when of a hue midway between olive-green 
and oil-cake colour, it is as well calculated to 
defy dirty finger-marks as anything that I 
can think of. You may give any instructions 
you like to a binder touching margins, and 
yet be disappointed. If you wish to have 
the leaves in all their virgin roughness and 
acquired soilure, the simplest way is to tell 
him to leave the edges alone. You must 
speak as impressively as you can. For my 
own part I prefer to have top edges gilt, as 
that makes them less avid of dust. I think 



92 



r^ 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9"^ s. xi. jan. 31, im 



the pages do not "set off" when a _ book 
i.s old enough for the ink with which it was 
printed to have become tlioroughly dry. 

St. Swithin. 

A cheap and effective binding can be made 
of what is called " butclier's cloth." It is 
durable, does not show dirt readily, and is 
economical. The lettering may be gilt, or 
paper labels may be used. For the second 
part of the query, the binder must be in- 
structed not to crop the margins on any 
pretence whatever, but to leave them un- 
touched. The impression of MS. notes on the 
opposite page can only be avoided by laying 
tissue paper between the pages while the 
book is being pressed, but it is not satis- 
factorj', and is liable to make the back loose. 
To get a bookbinder to observe scrupulously 
the instructions given him (particularly as 
regards " cropping ") it is generally necessary 
to stand over him with a cudgel. 

E. E. Stkeet. 

The strongest suitable cheap binding is 
half - roan or buckram. See ' The Private 
Library,' by A. L. Humphreys, 1897, pp. 52- 
64, for further information. H. K. 

" Keep your hair on " (9"' S. ix. 184, 335 ; 
X. 33, 156, 279).— I regret to find that I have 
been for three months unaware that doubt 
was thrown, at the last reference, upon ray 
suggestion, at the third, th&t fimit, and not 
front, is the Winchester word" for angry. I 
hope that it is not too late for me to support 
my suggestion by citing (1) 'School-Life in 
Winchester College,' by Robert Blachford 
Mansfield (third edition, 1893, David Nutt, 
London), where a 'Glossary of Words, Phrases, 
and Customs peculiar to Winchester College ' 
gives, at p. 211, " Frout, angry." Mr. Mans- 
field was educated at Winchester. (2) ' A 
Smaller Winchester Word-Book, containing 
most of the Old Words now or lately in 
use, under the Popular Name of Notions, 
in Winchester College' (anon., 1900, P. & G. 
Wells, Winchester), gives, at p. 7, ''Front, 
angry or fierce." It is, I believe, no great 
secret at Winchester that the author was 
educated there, and has for many years 
enjoyed special facilities for knowing what 
words are current in the school. iMessrs. 
Wells hav(! published a larger book written 
by him on the -same subject, which I have 
not at hand to cite. 

It is perhaps fair to add that, when I 
penned my brief suggestion at the third 
r(:f(!r(!ncc, 1 was relying not upon the above 
authorities, but upon various well-remembered 
incidents of my own schooldays. The brevity 
of my suggestion was due mainly to the fact 



that it had little to do with the irritating 
advice which forms the heading to this reply. 

H. C. 

Duels of Clergymen (9*'' S. xi. 28).— 
These were looked on with disfavour, as 
the following summary will show. At Vaux- 
hall Gardens in the summer of 1773 the 
Rev. Henrj' Bate (afterwards Sir H. B. 
Dudley), the proprietor and editor of 
the Morning Post, oeing insulted by Capt. 
Croftes, struck the latter; the result was a 
meeting at the"CocoaTree" nextmorning,but 
the quarrel was adjusted by the interposition 
of friends, apologies being made on both 
sides. Directly after, Capt Fitzgerald came 
in and demanded that Mr. Bate should give 
satisfaction to his friend Capt. Miles, who, he 
said, had been grossly insulted by the clergy- 
man the evening before. Miles was now intro- 
duced, and a violent altercation arose between 
Bate and Fitzgerald, the former declaring he 
had never seen Capt. Miles before. Miles then 
swore that if Mr. Bate did not immediately 
strip and box with him, he would post him 
for a coward, and cane him wherever he met 
him. The parson was thunderstruck, and, 
though one of the fancy of his day, urged 
the vulgarity of the exhibition, saying that, 
though not afraid of the issue, " he did not 
choose to fight in any way unbecoming a 
gentleman"; adding that "that, for one of 
his cloth, was bad enough in the opinion of 
the public, but he was ready to meet Capt. 
Miles with sword or pistol." This proposal 
was not accepted, and Mr. Bate, being in a 
manner compelled to comply, gave Capt. Miles 
a tremendous thrashing. It was afterwards 
discovered that the pretended Capt. Miles 
was Fitzgerald's own footman, who, being an 
athletic fellow and an expert pugilist, had 
been dressed up and brought forward for the 
purpose of disgracing the parson (Marsh's 
'Clubs of London,' i. 209-14). 

Adrian Wheeler. 

Beniioudsey. 

Miss Anne Tallant (9^'' S. x. 508).— The 
Miss Anne Tallant referred to by A. R. C. 
married in 1845 Mr. William Adams Nichol- 
son, who was an architect residing in the 
city of Lincoln. She died a widow, in Lincoln, 
on 31 December, 1874, aged seventy -one. 

M. A. B. 

Abraham Tucker (9^*^ S. xi. 29).— LTndev 
the heading ' Travelling in England a Centurj^ 
Ago,"N. ctQ.,' 2>"' S.x'ii. 32, gives Tucker's ex- 
penses incurred on a journey from Betch worth 
Castle to Oxford and back, performed between 
29 June and 14 July, 1762, by himself, his 
"girls, a Maid, Coachman, and one Horse- 



gt- s. XI. Jan. 31, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



93 



man." The original was given to your corre- 
spondent (S. T.) by Sir H. B. P. St. John 
Mildmay, Bart., and it therefore appears 
probable that other papers may be in the 
possession of the family. 

EvERARD Home Coleman. 
71, Brecknock Road. 

The Cope (9''^ S. x. 285, 374, 49.5).— On the 
apparentl^'incredulous challenge of W. C. B., 
I may be allowed to state that the gentleman 
who, in conversation with me, defended the 
use of the cope by liimself and other Anglican 
celebrants of the Communion, was the vicar 
of an important parish, whose name I shall 
be pleased to supply privately, if your corre- 
spondent will communicate with rae, either 
directly or througli the Editor. 

John Hobson Matthews. 

Town Hall, Cardiff. 

Cockade of George T. (9'''^ S. ix. 428 ; x. 52). 
— May I refer Mr. Sharp to what the late Dr. 
Woodward has said on the subject of cockades, 
and the Hanoverian cockade in particular, 
in his treatise on ' Heraldry, British and 
Foreign ' (1896), vol. ii. p. 375 ? 

J. S. Udal, F.S.A. 

Antigua, W.I. 

Ireton Family (9"» S. x. 508). — John 
Ireton, citizen and cloth worker of London, 
was son of German Ireton, of Attenborough, 
Notts, and brother to Henry Ireton, Crom- 
well's well-known Commissary-General and 
son-in-law. He was nominated a trustee in 
the Act for Soldiers' Arrears, 30 June, 1649, 
but does not appear otherwise to have been a 
very prominent person in political affairs. In 
the Barbones Parliament he was one of the 
seven representatives of the City of London, 
and served on the Committeeof Trade(26 July, 
1653), the Committeeof the Treasuries (1 Aug., 
1653), and the Committee of the Customs 
(23 Sept., 1653). On 16 Sept., 1651, he was 
elected an Alderman of London (Bread Street 
Ward), and held the same until removed at 
the Restoration, 2 Aug , 1660. He served as 
Sheriff in 1651-2, and Lord Mayor 1658-9. 
He was the last of the Commonwealth Lord 
Mayors, and is stated to have held that office 
with great magnificence. From the Protector 
Oliver he received knighthood on 22 March, 
1658, an honour, of course, not recognized 
after the Restoration. He was one of the 
Wallingford House Committee of Safety, 
25 Oct., 1659. 

At the Restoration he was depi'ived of all 
offices and sent to the Tower, being excepted 
out of the Act of Pardon and Oblivion, though 
not as to life. In 1662 he was transported to 
the Scilly Isles, but released later. In 1685 



he was again imprisoned, after which he dis- 
appears from history. Whom he married and 
whether he left issue I have not ascertained. 
The following entry among the marriage 
licences in the Vicar-General's office may have 
reference to his wife: "Sept. 9, 1662. Edward 
Nelthorpe, of St. Michael Bassishaw, mer- 
ciiant. Bach'", about 23, and Mary Sleigh, of 
St. Antholin's, Sp'', about 16, consent of her 
mother, now the wife of John Ireton." 

W. D. Pink. 
Lowton, Newton-le- Willows. 

Sir John Ireton (1615-89) was a younger 



brother of the regicide. 



A. R. Bayley. 



Tintagel Church (9^^ S. xi. 9).— According 
to vol. ii. (1801) of 'The Beauties of England 
and Wales,' p 522, Tintagel was also known 
as Bossiney and Trevena. In the general 
body of the book the word is spelt with 
two /'s, but in the accompanying map only 
one is used. In the map, however, preceding 
Bigot's 'Directory of Cornwall' for 1830, 
Tintagel is twice spelt with two Ts, though 
both the authorities I have mentioned give 
Bossiney credit for only one 7i. Mr. W. T. 
Lynn seems to infer that the "flower of kings" 
was really of North Britain. Bigot's topo- 
grapher for the year mentioned states, under 
the heading of ' Bos Castle ' (two and a half 
miles from Bossiney) : — 

" This was the birthplace of King Arthur, and 
the ruins of Tintagell Castle are still to be seen. 
The iiopulation returns are made up with Tintagell 
and Trevana parishes." 

Virtue's 'Gazetteer' for 1868 says that Tin- 
tagel or Dundagell had formerly two chapels 
of ease in the parish, and that the church is 
dedicated to St. Symphorian. It is quite 
possible that one of these chapels of ease was 
dedicated to St. Materiana, and that some- 
times the patron saint is given as Symphorian 
and sometimes as Materiana. But why not 
communicate with the vicar, the Rev. A. G. 
Chapman, M.A. 1 

Chas. F. Forshaw, LL.D. 
Hanover Square, Bradford. 

Misquotations (9"' S. x. 428 ; xi. 13). — 
When Mr. Yardley says that Byron often 
writes carelessly, and adds, " so does Shake- 
speare," he does not, I presume, intend to 
place both poets on the same level. If Byron 
had been capable of " the first fine careless 
rapture" of "Full fathom five" he might 
have written as oarelesslj' as lie pleased, and 
so much the better. Even as it was, I am not 
sure that his best verse was not written when 
he was most careless, when he was so deeply 
moved that he forgot to be rhetorical. I 
do not wish to be understood as saying that 



94 



; 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [g^ s. xi. jan. 31. 1903. 



misquotation necessarily improves him ; but 
even his finest poetry rarely has that absolute 
perfection of form and phrase which gives 
to much of Shakespeare's, and even of 
Shelley's, most careless verse the appearance 
of inevitableness. C. C. B. 

Goethe, Shelley, and Walter Scott had the 
highest opinion of Byron as a poet. No poet 
of the same class with these has denied his 
greatness, except Wordsworth, whose ani- 
mositj' prevented him from being a fair 
judge.* It has been the fashion to say that 
Byron is not a lyrical poet ; but some of the 
' Hebrew Melodies,' and several of his other 
songs, are very beautiful. In ' Manfred ' are 
the lines — 

From thy false tears I did distil 

An essence which has strength to kill. 

From tiiy own smile I snatched the snake. 
As I once remarked in ' N. & Q.,' Shelley 
showed his admiration for these lines by 
transferring the images in them to his own 
poetry. In the song of Beatrice Cenci are 
the lines :— 

There is a snake in thy smile, my dear, 
And bitter poison within thy tear. 

Perhaps it has not been noticed — and cer- 
tainly it has not been noticed by Byron him- 
self—that in ' The Giaour ' there is an obvious 
imitation of a Persian poet. I think, but am 
not sure, that this poet is Ferdousi : — 

"The spider has woven his web in the imperial 
palace ; and the owl has sung his watch-song in the 
towers of Afrasiab." 

The lonely spider's thin grey pall 
Waves slowly widening o'er the wall ; 
The bat builds in the harem bower ; 
And in the fortress of his power 
The owl usurps the beacon-tower. 
The following may be the source of one 
of Byron's lines :— 

Vindicta 
Nemo magis gaudet quam ffomina. 

Juvenal, Satire Xtll. 
Sweet is revenge, especially to women. 

'Don Juan.' 
It is likely, however, that Byron when he 
wrote the above was drawing from his 
experience, and not from his reading. In 
.selecting passages for praise from his poetry, 
nothing better could be chosen than the con- 
clusion of 'Childe Harold,' stanzas 177-184 
of the fourth canto. The faulty "There let 

[• " Even at its best, the serious poetry of Byron 
IS often so rough and loose, so weak in the sinews 
and joints which hold together the framework of 
verse, that it is not easy to praise it enough without 
eeeming to condone or to extenuate such faults as 
should not be overlooked or forgiven."— A C Swin- 
burne, ' Essays aqd Studies,' 1875, p. 242 ] 



him lay," at the end of stanza 180, may be 
altered to "There let him stay"; and then 
there are not many nobler verses in English 
poetry than these. In the poetry of Shak- 
speai-e, Byron, and Shelley we find passages 
of .supreme excellence, and we find others to 
which the epithet "slipshod,"or some equally 
contemptuous term, may be applied. Doubt- 
less Shakspeare has suffered much from 
transcribers, printers, and others ; but withal 
it remains clear that he was often verj' care- 
less in the construction of his sentences. 

E. Yardley. 

Princess Charlotte (9^^ S. xi. 8).— There 
is some account of the postmortem examina- 
tion of the body of the Princess Charlotte in 
' Memoirs of her late Royal Highness Char- 
lotte-Augusta of Wales, and of Saxe-Cobourg,' 
by Thomas Green (Caxton Press, Liverpool : 
printed by Henry Fisher— no date, but pre- 
sumably 1818 or 1819), p. 539. On p. 540 is 
an extract from the London Medical and 
Physical Journal, which begins with the 
following : — 

" There is a certain Court etiquette which pre- 
vents an authenticated account after the demise of 

an illustrious female Like most other secrets, 

however, the important events gradually transpire." 

There is, I think, no mention of what is 
referred to in the query as having been pub- 
lished "on the authority of Mrs. Martin," or 
of the other story. Rouert Pierpoint. 

A semi-official report of the case, with an 
account of the post-mortem examination, 
appeared in the London Medical Rej)ository , 
1 December, 1817, p. 534 ; but there is no 
mention of a "disease which would have 
killed her in eight years." The writer in the 
above journal was evidently perfectly satis- 
fied with the management of the case by Sir 
Richard Croft, but that there was public 
disapproval is evidenced by the fact that a 
Mr. Jesse Foot published 'A Letter on the 
Necessity of a Public Inquiry into the Cause 
of the Death of Her Royal Highness the 
Princess Charlotte and her Infant' (1817). 
In the Medical 'Limes and Gazette, 1872 ii. G36, 
Dr. W. S. Playfair brought to light a letter 
from Dr. John Sims, the physician called in 
by Sir Richard Croft, in which Dr. Sims 
gives his own opinion of the case. 

Cuthbert E. a. Clayton. 
Richmond, Surrey. 

A full account of the fatal confinement and 
death of the Princess Charlotte, together 
with the text of the report of the post-mortem 
by Sir Everard Home, Sir David Dundas, 
Mr. Brande, and Mr. Neville, the surgeons 
who also embalmed the body ; the bulletins 



9«'S.xi.jan.3i,i903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



95 



as signed and issued by Sir Richard Croft, 
Dr. Baillie, and Dr. Sims ; extracts from the 
London Gazette, as well as the most minute 
•details connected with the pregnancy, 
■accouchement, and burial, will be found in 
the 'Memoirs of the Princess Cliarlotte,' by 
liobert Huish, published by Thomas Kelly, 
Paternoster Row, London, in 1818. There is, 
however, nothing in these accounts calculated 
to confirm either the authority of "Mrs. 
Martin " as to a fatal disease, or the strange 
story as to the princess having been poisoned 
by Queen Charlotte, as mentioned by your 
correspondent at the above reference. No 
doubt the death of the princess and the 
unhappy married life of her parents gave 
rise to much fiction, for, in the words of the 
biographer : — 

" Imagination indeed has been busy, and a 
phalanx of casual circumstances has been arranged 
to account for her dissolution ; some of which are 
ungenerously and too unguardedly, not to say 
maliciously, calculated to attach blame to her 
attendants ; but such expositions ought to be 
deprecated as unjust to the individuals concerned, 
and in no degree honourable to the profession It is 
reported that the whole of the Royal Family are 
liable to spasms of a violent description ; and to 
this hereditary predisposition and the excitability 
of the amiable sufferer, owing to the tedious nature 
of her labour, is that event to be ascribed, which 
has destroyed the flattering hopes of the nation, 
and loppe(i off the fairest branch from the stem of 
monarchical succession." 

G. Yarrow Baldock. 

South Hackney. 

" Lupo-MANNARO " (9"' S. ix. 329, 476 ; x. 34, 
215 ; xi. 17). — Among the literature of this 
subject should be included Mr. Bagot's fine 
story 'A Roman Mystery.' Mr. Bagot speaks 
as if he knew for a fact that the superstition 
still survives in Italy, or did survive until 
quite recently. C. C B. 

Samuel Clarke, D.D. i9t>; S. x._408, 491^).— 
In his communication on this subject G. E. C. 
makes two slight mistakes : — 

(1) The Heralds' Visitation of 1682, from 
which he professes to quote, gives the death 
of Margaret Clarke {nee Peyto) as circa 1634 
(not 1643). Turning to the parish registers 
of Kingsthorpe, near Northampton (of which 
church Dr. Clarke was rector), we find the 
following: 1634-5. "Mrs. Margarett Clarke, 
the wife of Doctor Clarke, was buried the ix 
of ffebruarie." 

(2) Not very long after the death of his 
first wife Dr. Clarke married again. The 

^licence is dated 12 September, 1635, and the 
bridegroom is described as " Samuel Clarke, 
D.D., widower, of Kingsthorpe," and the bride 
{IS " Kath£!,rine Sympson, wydow, of Precinpts 



of Christ Church, Canterbury." They were 
married on the following day in the cathedral. 

Three children of Dr. Samuel Clarke and 
Katharine his wife were baptized at Kings- 
thorpe— Katharine, baptized 29 June, 1637 ; 
Edward, baptized 13 November, and buried 
14 December, 1638 ; and Samuel, baptized 
18 June, and buried 20 June, 1640. 

R. M. Serjeantson. 

St. Sepulchre's, Northampton. 

Sir John Worsham (9"' S. x. 509).— The 
word " great " is probably not to be under- 
stood here as of one unusually distinguished 
in his farming operations, for in ancient 
statutes it is used to describe " the Laity 
of the higher House of Parliament, and also 
the Knights of the lower House" (see N. 
Bailey's 'Diet.,' 1740, s.v. 'Great Men'). The 
following curious announcement, from the 
London Journal of 17 January, 1722, seems to 
afford a similar instance : — 

"Some days since Sir John Yeomans (Great 
Mustard Master General) was insulted in Fore 
Street by an inferior Mustard Maker, on Account 
of his new-invented Machine, which takes away the 
Hull from every Grain of Mustard Seed. Sir John 
(who is well known to descend from Great Blood) 
us'd him with good Manners, and so thoroughly 
convinc'd him of the Excellency of his new Machine 
that the poor Fellow begg'd Pardon on his Knees, 
and Sir John, out of his wonted Clemency, gener- 
ously forgave him and entertained him as one of his 
principal Footmen." 

J. HOLDEN MacMiCHAEL. 

Keats's ' La Belle Dame sans Merci ' (9''' 
S. X. 507).— This poem is similar to the Scan- 
dinavian ballad of 'The Elf- woman and Sir 
Olof,' which can be found in Keightley's 
' Fairy Mythology.' In both cases the 
knights meet with elfin ladies and are fairy 
stricken. There is nothing allegorical^ in such 
poems. They are founded on the belief that 
those who meet with nymphs, fairies, peris, 
and other supernatural beings are generally 
smitten with mortal sickness, paralysis, or 
insanity. E. Yardley. 

" Fert, Fert, Fert " (9* S. x. 345, 412, 453). 
—There is a tradition that this motto of the 
house of Savoy dates from the year 1310, 
when 'Othman el-GhazI, the founder of the 
Ottoman dynasty, appeared before Rhodes 
and summoned the Order of St. John to 
deliver up the island to him. But this tradi- 
tion seems to rest on no historical basis. 
This is what the learned historians of Rhodes, 
MxM. Edouard Biliotti and the Abbp Cottret, 
have to say on the subject (' L'lle de Rhodes,' 
Rhodes, 1881, p. 134) :— 

"Plusieurs historiens rapportent que Rhodes dut 
alors son salut h, Amedt5e de Sayoie, qui, arnv6 a^i 



96 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9'" s. xi. Jan. 31, 1903. 



secours des Chevaliers, aurait contraint Osnian a se 
renibarquer en touts hate. Ce serait k cette occasion, 
disent ces historiens, et Bossuet avec eux, que la 
Maison de Savoie aurait adopts cette devis du 
Collier de I'Annonciade : F. E. R. T., qu'ils tra- 
duisent ainsi : Fortiludo ejus Bhodum tenmt. Cette 
version, daus la force classique du mot, nous parait 
un i)eu hasard^e. Dans un sens plus large, elle 
rencontre des difficultes i)lus serieuses. En effet, 
pendant la periode de 1308 k 1310, Amedee V. de 
Savoie assistait au couronnement d'Edouard III., 
roi d'Angleterre ; intervenait en Irlande entre ce 
dernier et Philippe le Bel, qui demandait satisfaction 
pour I'insulte faite a Isabelle sa tille, et se trouvait 
j\ Rome pour le couronnement de Henri VII., du- 
quel il recevait I'investiture d'Asti et d'ivree. 
Comment au milieu de tant d"ev6nements, dont, les 
premiers en Angleterre et au Nord de la France, 
Amedee V. aurait-il pu trouver le temps n^cessaire 
pour une expedition lointaine jusqu'.'i I'lle de 
Rhodes? En outre, il est incontestable que cette 
devise etait deji'i celle des ancetres d'Am^dee, puis- 
qu'on pouvait la lire sur leurs tombeaux et entre 
autres sur le collier d'un chien sculpt^ sur le 
mausolee de Thomas II. son frcre, Comte de Mau- 
rienne, et ensuite de Piemont i)ar la cession que lui 
fit de ce comt6 son frere Amedee IV. Louis de 
Savoie, Baron de Vaud, mort en 1301, portait dans 
8a monnaie plus de dix ans avant qu'Osman eiit 
attaque les Chevaliers, ce mot : F E R T ; niais les 
lettres ne sent pas s6parees par des points." 

W. F. Peideaux. 

The following quotation from Nash's ' Wor- 
cestershire,' vol. ii. p. 3G5n. (1782), is to the 
point : — 

" Sir Richard Musard, Knt., was the only English- 
man who, among fourteen persons — some princes, 
others persons of great eminence— were elected into 
the Order of the Knights of the Annuntiation in 
the kingdom of Savoy. They joined M'ith the 
Knights Hospitalers in the conquest of Rhodes on 
the Feast of the Annuntiation, a. P. 1310. The 
ensign of this order was a collar of gold, whereupon 
was interlaced in the manner of a true lover's knot 
these four letters, F. E. R. T., that is, Fortitudo ejus 

JRhoduiH ti.iudl Others have thus interpreted 

these initials, Frapjxz, entrez, rompez tout. The 
king of Sardinia is sovereign of the order." 

Bernard P. Scattergood. 
Moorside, Far Headingley, Leeds. 

Sir John de Oddyngesles (9"' S. x. 387). 
— Dugdale (p. 343, Thomas's edition) has a 
table of the Odinsells family, Long Itch- 
ington branch. 

Hugh died 33 Edward I., 1304-5. 

(a) John died 10 Edward IIP, 13.36-7. 

(6) John died 27 Edward IIP. 1353-4. 
Married Amicia, daughter of lloger Corbet. 

(c) John died 4 Richard IP, 1380-1. Mar- 
ried Alicia, daughter of John St. John. 

{d) John died 5 Henry IV., 1403-4. 

(a) was )x)i'n in 127(i-7, {h) in 1312-3, (c) 
in 1337-8, and was consequently only four 
at the time of tlie robbery. 

{!>) was outlawed in 1351-2 "for divers 
feloneys and seditions," of which the Cannock 



Wood adventure would appear to have beet 
one. 

(c) was indicted for a crime of violenct 
1357-8, but afterwards became a reputabU 
magistrate. He would seem to have been 
the holder of Overhall and Cavendish. 

Of the other branches of the OdinselLl 
family, one had assumed the name of Limesid 
before 1342, and the other, the Solihul! 
branch, never had a John. _ J 

Their wives' names may help to identifj 
{h) and (c). P. E. Martineau. 

Solihull, Warwickshire. 

Shakespeare's Seventy - sixth Sonne's 
(9"' S. X. 125, 274, 412, 495, 517). — If MRf 
Leeper will consult p. 18 of Mr. Sidney Lee'!] 
' Life of Shakespeare,' to which he refers mec 
he will find that it is not Aubrey who ii 
responsible for the statement that Shak» 
speare was "a butcher's apprentice." Whai 
Mr. Lee says is :— 

^'Probably in 1577, when he was thirteen, he waa 
enlisted by his father in an effort to restore hi 

decaying fortunes It is possible that John's ill 

luck at the period compelled him to confine himsel 
to this occupation [a butcher's], which in happie 
days formed only one branch of his business. Hi 
son may have been formally apprenticed to him 
An early Stratford tradition describes him as ' 
butcher's apprentice.' " 

The authority given for this is not Aubrej 
but notes by John Dowdall taken in 1693 
Mr. Lee adopts the tradition, and although 
like most of his other "facts " regarding th 
personal history of Shakespeare, his state 
ments are clothed with "probably," " pos 
sible," and " may have been," of which ther 
are scores in the 'Life,' the "fact" is accepte; 
by him with the same facility as are all hi 
other imaginative "facts" regarding th 
personality of the Stratford Shakespeare. 

George Stronach. 

Mr. Stronach's treatment of Ben Jonso 
does not seem to be justifiable by any cano 
of criticism. Mr. Stronach assumes tha 
there was a conspiracy of concealment, an 
that Bacon made "the simple and guileles 
Ben Jonson " a participator in it. Now th^r 
is not an atom of evidence to prove that sue 
a conspiracy ever existed, and it may b 
remarked that conspirators do not, as a ruL 
take "simple and guileless " people into thei 
confidence ; and, in order to justify th 
assumption of a conspiracy, Mr. Stronac 
practically says to Ben Jonson, "When yov 
statements agree with my theory, I wi 
believe them, but when they don't, I won't 
If Jonson attacked Shakspere during his lif 
time, and uttered and i^ublished warm eulogif 
of him after Shakspere's death, the onl 



9"> s. XL Jan. 31, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



97 



rational inference is that increased intimacy 
and better knowledge had convinced Jonson 
that Shakspere was a worthier man than 
he ha<l thought him to be. To accept any 
other explanation seems utterly unjustifi- 
able. 

Again, if Jonson put Shakspere and Bacon 
under the same hat with reference to "All 
that insolent Greece and haughty Rome sent 
forth," did he also put them under the same 
hat when he declared that Shakspere had 
" small Latin and less Greek " 1 

Mr. Stronach is not fortunate in his 
illustration of the Lord Chancellor and Sir 
Henry Irving. If the latter put forth as his 
own plays written by the former, would not 
Sir Henry, asks Mr. Stronach, " be credited 
with the authorship " ? Of course he would, 
because Sir Henry is a scholarly man, and 
there is no inherent impossibility in his 
having written a play or plays. But the 
alleged illiteracj'^ of Shakspere is the very 
reason why the Baconians reject the Shak- 
sperean authorship, and had he really been 
so, his assumption of authorship would have 
been receivea with a howl of derision from 
his contemporaries. Does Mr. Stronach 
not see that his illustration destroys his own 
argument ? 

With reference to Henry Chettle, I must 
say that, despite the eminent scholars whom 
Mr. Stronach mentions, the references to 
"Shake-scene" and the "Tiger's heart" seem 
to point most strongly to Shakspere being 
the person who took offence. Mr. Sidney 
Lee and Mr. Halliwell-Phillipps agree on this 
point — if eminent names go for anything — 
and, assuming that they are right, Chettle 
must have known Shakspere, for he says, 
"Myselfehave seene his demeanour no less 
civiil than he exelent in the qualitie he pro- 
fesses." 

I think that thanks are duo to Mr. Craw- 
ford for his laborious and masterly articles 
at present appearing in the columns of 
'N. & Q.' If they prove anything, it is that 
Bacon, if he wrote Shakspere, must also have 
written Ben Jonson. From that it is a very 
short step to the engulfing claims of Mrs. 
Gallup. And after her— the deluge ! 

W. E. Wilson 

Hawick. 

Norton Family (9^^ S. x. 508).— Ptichard 
I Norton, Esq., of Southwick, co. Hants (Crom- 
well's "Idle Dick Norton"), entered his pedi- 
i gree at the Visitation of Hants in 1()86, and 
||; therein William Norton, of Wellow, appears 
i\ as his second son, by his second wife Eliza- 
beth, second daughter of William, Viscount 



Say and Sele. At the date of the Visitation 
William Norton had issue by his wife Eliza- 
beth a daughter (Betty), aged two year.s, and 
a son Thomas, aged two months. 

The following inscription appears on a 
large mural monument of white marble in 
Owthorpe Churcli, co. Nottingham : — 

"In a vault underneath Lyes the Body of Eliza- 
beth Norton, who dyed October the 30th, 1713, in 
the 45th year of her Age. 

" She was one of the Daughters and Coheirs of Sr 
Thomas Norton, of Coventry, Barronet ; and Relict 
of Collonel Wm. Norton, of Wellow, in Hampshire ; 
(•2nd son of Collonel Richard Norton, of iSouthwick, 
in ye sd County; by his 2d VN'ife, Elizabeth, one of 
the Daughters of William, Lord Viscount 8ay and 
Sele) by whom She had Issue Collonel Thomas 
Norton, now of Ixworth Abbey, in ye County of 
Suffolk ; Captain Richard Norton, who lyes interr'd 
in this Chancel, and Betty, married to Julius 

Hutchinson, of this Place, Esqr It is worthy of 

Remark yt the above mentioned Collonel Richard 
Norton lived to have ye Honour to Entertain four 
Kings of England in His house at Southwick." 

Beneath the inscription are these arms : 
Vert, a lion rampant or, for Norton, impaling 
Azure, three swords in tiiangle, pommel to 
pommel, argent, hilted or ; upon a chief gules 
a lion passant gardantof the third, for Norton 
of Coventry. Crests : First, a Moor's head 
proper, wreathed about the temples argent 
and azure ; second, out of a coronet or a 
demi-griffin gules, holding in the claws a 
sword argent, hilted or. Mottoes: "Confide 
recte " and " No foe to fortune, no friend to 
faith, no woe to want, so Norton saith " 
{Genealogist, vol. ii. p. 308). 

Alfred T. Everitt. 

High Street, Portsmouth. 

"Dutch courage" (2"'^ S. vii. 277; 6*^ S. 
iii. 289, 4.58, 498 ; 9^*^ S. xi. 47).— The poem 
given at the first reference is an answer to 
the question, 

Do yo2i, ask what is Dutch courage ? 
but it does not mention the questioner or 
the occasion of his putting the query. It 
seems to have been written not very long 
before the period of its publication (1859) 
from its allusions to the Chartist agitation 
and " Papal aggression " ; and, quaintly 
enough, in view of tlie question as now raised 
by Mr. Alfred F. Bobbins, it commences 
with lines concerning the Anglo-Dutch wars 
of Charles II.'s time as an answer. The view 
editorially adopted by 'N. & Q.' at the second 
reference, and endorsed by a subsequent 
correspondent, was that "the word 'Dutch' 
in this expression is not applied to the 
Hollanders, but is used as equivalent to the 
spirit hollands " ; but this does not agree 
with the idea of Waller, already quoted ; 



98 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9'" s. xi. jak. 31, im. 



neither does it with a statement of Mil. 
William Platt (6^'' S. iii. 458) that 
" this is an ironical expression, dating its origin 
as far back as 1745, and conveys a sneering allusion 
to the conduct of the Dutch at the battle of 
Fontenoy. At the commencement of the engage- 
ment the onslaught of the English allied army 
promised victory, but the Dutch betook themselves 
to an ignominious flight." 

Politician. 

There is an earlier instance in Scott than 
that quoted in ' N.E.D.' from ' Woodstock,' i.e., 
Frank Levitt's reply to Meg Murdockson in 
'Heart of Midlothian,' chap xxx. : — 

"No, no— when a woman wants mischief from 
you, she always begins by filling you drunk. D— n 
all Dutch courage. What I do I will do soberly— 
I '11 last the longer for that too." 
The expression is also used in Marryat's 
'Peter Simple,' chap. Iv. 

Adrian Wheeler. 



NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. 

London in the Eighteenth Century. By Sir Walter 

Besant. (A. & C. Black.) 
The recent writings of Sir Walter Besant prove 
how keenly interested he was in London history 
and topography. From the prefatory note, by 
Lady Besant, to the present volume we learn — what 
we had in part guessed— that he aimed to be the 
historian of London in the nineteenth century, as 
Stow had been in the sixteenth, and that he pro- 
jected a new 'Survey,' whicli was to be "a record 
of the greatest, busiest, most wealthy, [and] most 
populous city in the whole world, as it was from 
century to century, and as it is at jiresent." The 
conception of a scheme so ambitious involved the 
chance — it may almost be said the certainty — 
that it would be left incomplete, and would add 
another chapter to the history of the 'Vanity 
of Human Wishes.' Though rejiresenting, it is 
said, " the continuous labour of over five years 
and the active research of half a lifetime, ' the 
nresent volume can only be accepted as a huge 
fragment — it extends to nearly seven hundred 
pages — of a history which will some day reach 
us as the joint labour of several hands, but is not 
likely to be given us as the product of solitary 
thought. Such as it is, it is welcome. With the 
other writings on the subject of its author— due in 
part, it may be assumed, to the same researches — 
It constitutes a considerable product and a remark- 
able display of zeal and erudition. Under the con- 
ditions, it must be classed among the mcmoires 
jmur serrir, which not seldom apv^eal more directly 
to the historical reader than complete and sym- 
metrical comjnlations. "Eighteenth century" is 
with Sir Walter an arbitrary rather than an exact 
term. Its borders are, however, defined, and the 
division is convenient. The terms men have 
adopted are 3i\]f(iront< de parhr. What is greatest 
in sixteenth-century literature includes a quarter 
of the .seventeenth century ; the eighteenth century 
of Rousseau ditl'ered widely from that of the Conven- 
tion. It is useless to insist on such matters. Cincpie 
Cento means virtually what we wish it to mean. 



The eighteenth century of Sir Walter begins with' 
the accession of George I. in 1714, and ends with' 
the passage in 18.32 of the Reform Bill. Altogether 
acceptable are these limitations, the more so since- 
the literature of the epoch is not discussed. Witb 
regard to written authorities Sir Walter is reticent.- 
Such exist most frequently in obscure histories or' 
forgotten novels, which the author himself cannotr- 
always or often trace. This honest and candidl 
statement enables us to judge how far the work- 
itself is to be regarded as popular and how far- 
trustworthy. In the case of the illustrations, which 
constitute a pleasing and an important feature, the: 
sources can almost always be traced by the en- 
lightened reader. A large— we can scarcely say a. 
disproportionate — share is by the great satirist^. 
Hogarth, and others are from sources into whichi 
the student of London is accustomed to dip. 

Apart from appendixes, &c., the body of the worlt 
has seven main headings and seventy-three chap- 
ters. Of the latter twenty are assigned to ' His- 
torical Notes,' twenty-one to 'Manners and. Gu9-^ 
toms,' and eleven to ' Society and Amusements,,'" 
the remainder being occupied with ' The Cky audi 
the Streets,' ' Church and Chapel,' ' Goveranient 
and Trade of the City,' 'Crime, Folic®,' &c.. It 
is impossible to convey the slightest idea, of the- 
quantity or nature of the subjects covered by Sir 
Walter. Antiquarian, historical, narrative, gossiip" 
ing, descriptive in turns, and a huiadlred tMngs- 
beside, he supplies a curioiusly nondescript, bwfc 
wholly delightful account of the London of thie 
time of Johnson and Goldsmith, of Garrick aod 
Hogarth, when the matutinal cit, going to his work, 
meditated on the traitors' heads over Temple Bar, 
or took a wide detour to avoid the chance of meet- 
ing Lord George Gordon and his Protestant allies ;. 
when, between May and October, no fewer than 
eighty-two days might be spent at fairs ; and when. 
Mrs. Brownrigg or the Metyards, mother and. 
daughter, swung on the gallows for whipping parishi 
apprentices to death. Stimulating, edifying, inter- 
esting, horrifying, in turns, the book has not a dull 
moment. Its illustrations are enough to give it a 
distinguished place in every collection of books; 
about London. It occupies, indeed, a place unique^ 
in its way, is admirably got up in all respects,, 
and is a credit to the Edinburgh press. As it is- 
the best, it will surely prove the most prized andi 
popular of modern books on London. 

Napoleon raconfe par V Image. Par Armand Dayot.. 

(Paris, Hachette.) 
Thj; volume which Messrs. Hachette issue annually 
in a form of unsurpassable luxury differs this year 
from its predecessors. It is no longer a record of 
the artistic triumphs of previous years, nor is it a 
chronicle of French success in depicting la Femme 
or / Enfant. It is, on the contrary, a reissue in the 
most attractive guise of a work that has already seen 
the light and has been crowned by the Academie 
Franc^'aise. The author is M. Armand Dayot, and the 
subject is the great Napoleon. It seems determined 
in the public mind that the man of action trium})hs 
over the man of thought. Against this view we 
shall never cease vainly to protest. The real leaders 
of men are the Platos, ^FJschyluses, Shakespeares, 
Bacons, Goethes, not the Alexanders and the Bona- 
partes. It is vain, however, to stir the ashes of a 
futile controversy. In the eyes of the jiresent gene- 
I'ation Napoleon looms larger than any other man 
of the modern epoch, perhaps of any epoch, and the 



9tH S. XI. Jan. 31, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



99 



literature concerning him multiplies and aug- 
ments with the progress of the years. Lord 
Wolseley, who is, of course, upholding his own 

Erofession, has said during the present year that 
e regards Napoleon as " the greatest human being 
God ever sent to this earth of ours." Be our indi- 
vidual estimate of Napoleon what it may, there 
can be no question as to the general interest 
in his doings, and the literature concerning him 
augments instead of diminishing. The work of 
M. Dayot is unique in its class. For tlie task of 
showing the emx^eror in his habit as he lived the 
materials are superabundant. Thousands of designs 
of every kind are found in the national collections, 
the whole of which, under the charge of their re- 
spective archivists, have been placed at the disposal 
of M. Dayot, while private collections, including 
those of the various members of the family (ex- 
imperial and other), must nearly double the number. 
No human being has, indeed, left behind him an 
equal number of portraits, designs, reproductions, 
&c. For the purpose of our author, moreover, the 
gross "personification" of a work of mechanical 
industry, or even the quaint designs of an Oriental 
caricaturist, are scarcely less valuable than the 
pictures of the greatest artist. Authoritative 
presentations of Napoleon in his early days are 
naturally few, no portrait from life of the young 
Corsican child being known, and it was not until after 
the second campaign of Italy that dlros assigned 
definitely to the young warrior the physiognomy 
subsequently maintained. Childish portraits, all 
more or less imaginary, were subse(iuently multi- 
plied. In these he is shown adopting as a child 
the attitudes and gestures subsequently familiar. 
The most interesting, though only on account of 
the manner in which it catches the spirit of the 
engravings of the eighteenth century, shows the 
future emperor at the age of six repeating his 
lesson to his mother, who is seated in a glade of 
a considerable park. A work of high interest is 
an early portrait by Greuze. This has not, of course, 
the slightest historical value, and is whimsically 
sentimentalized, the features being, in M. Dayot's 
opinion, like those of " la jeune fiUe ;\ la cruche 
cassee." With this efteminale head it is well to 
compare that exhibited in the portrait by Gu6rin, 
with its hollow cheeks and prominent cheekbones, 
and the look, "piercing as a sword," which Taine 
describes. Italian portraits of the time of Marengo 
are scarcely to be recognized by the side of the 
French. A lithograph of Raffet, dated 1796, shows 
Napoleon for the first time in an attitude in which 
subsequently he was often depicted. Attention 
must necessarily be arrested by Gerume's design 
'ffidipe,' showing Napoleon alone in presence of 
the Sphinx. A fair quantity of the designs of the 
consular period are in the shape of medallions, 
though a striking profile in crayon which is repro- 
duced is attributed to Ingres. A portrait by the 
same painter from the Mus^e de Liege approaches 
much more nearly the conventional type. Some 
disgraceful caricatures by Gillray follow. One on 
p. 69 seems inspired by the spirit of the "Terror." 
A portrait by Greuze of the First Consul is less 
lackadaisical, but also less interesting, than the 
earlier work of the same master. In his numerous 
conversations with David Najioleon uttered a wish, 
frequently realized thenceforward, to be iiainted, 
calm himself, on a fiery horse. After the accession 
to empire the painting 'A Portrait of Napoleon,' 
by Meissonier, is a fine piece of work, but has, of 



course, no authority. To this period belongs the 
statue which surmounted the colunm of the Place 
Vendome. An English engraving by Wright is a 
wonderful specimen of unintentional caricature. 
Dramatic, but rather conventional, is the picture 
by Gros of the meeting between Napoleon and 
Francis II. Canova's great statue was executed 
during his second visit to Paris. The absence in 
Russia gave a respite to designs of interest. With 
the Cent Jours came a recrudescence. Many 
of the pictures at 8t. Helena will be new to the 
majority of English readers. The caricatures of 
this, as of previous epochs, are of revolting brutality 
and vulgarity. A separate chapter is devoted to 
the handwriting of Napoleon. Various appendixes 
add to the interest of the volume. The work is 
admirably done, and is bound to find a place in 
every Napoleon collection. 

Lives and Legends of the Great Hermits and Fathers 
of the Church, vnth other Contemporary Saints. 
By Mrs. Arthur Bell. (Bell & Sons.) 
More rapidly than was to be expe«ted has the 
second volume of Mrs. Arthur Bell's lives of the 
saints followed the first, for a notice of which see 
9"' S. ix. 339. The second volume carries the record 
from the third to the seventh century, including, 
accordingly, the great persecution of the fourth 
century, which did more to swell the ranks of 
canonized martyrs than any other period in history. 
Keen enough were the sufferings inflicted upon the 
immediate successors of the apostles and the earliest 
disseminators of Christian faith. The general atti- 
tude of the pagan world — of that portion of ib 
especially which treated its own ceremonial with 
a formal acquiescence, into which entered scarcely 
an element of belief — was often tolerant, and some- 
times admiring or even approving. In later days 
the contest between the votaries of the ancient 
creed and those of the new developed into a struggle 
for life and death. 

A third volume, which is in preparation, will 
deal with the English bishops and kings, the medi- 
leval monks, and other later saints, and will, pre- 
sumably, conclude an interesting and important 
series. It is not only in the beauty and tasteful- 
ness of the get-up that the volume resembles its 
])redecessor. Method and treatment are the same, 
as is the order of arrangement, and the sources of 
the illustrations are, in the main, identical. Mrs. 
Bell carries out her investigations with the same 
zeal and discretion she has hitherto observed, and 
with the reserve indispensable in a work of this 
class, the mere inceiition of which is surrounded 
with dangers. While the stories as accepted in the 
best-known hagiologies are retold, the results of 
the latest school of investigators are included in 
her pages, and the newest light that has been cast 
ujion Christian symbolism illuminates her records. 
The illustrations, moreover, retain their old charm. 
Donatello's ' St. George,' a statue in the Museo 
Nazionale, Florence, serves as an appropriate 
frontispiece. To Alinari, of Florence, many admir- 
able reproductions are due. From the Accademia 
in the same city come the twin portraits by 
Fra Filippo Lippi of St. Antony the Great and 
St. Jolin the Baptist. Following designs are by 
Sodoma, Andrea Mantegna, Andrea del Sarto, 
Bernardino Luini, Botticelli, Sebastiano del Piombo, 
Paolo Veronese, Rajihael, Perugino— almost all the 
greatest Italian painters of sacred subjects, together 
with a few designs of Northern provenance— two 



L.ofC. 



100 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9'" s. xi. jan. 31, im 



by Hans Memlinc of St. Ursula from Bruges, a 
'St. Jerome in the Desert,' by Lord Leighton, a 
' Martyrdom of St. Dorothea,' by Sir Edw'ard 
Buriie-Jones ; a ' Mass of St. Basil,' from the 
I^ouvre, by Subleyras ; and a ' Dedication of St. 
Cu'nuvieve,' from the I'antheon, by Puvis de Cha- 
vannes. A propos of St. (ienevieve, Mrs. Btll points 
out tlmt the fact that she shares with St. Denis the 
honour of being "immortalized in the .secularized 
Pantheon iiroves that faith in the Master she served 
is not yet extinct in the city she loved so well." 
No work better calculated than this to facilitate 
and render attractive the study of Christian sym- 
bolism is within reach of the general reader, and 
the student will delight in thepossession of numerous 
masterpieces of Christian art not easily accessible 
elsewhere. 

Gammer GretheVs Fairy Tales. Translated by 

Edgar Taylor. (Moring.) 
This is far away the best collection of fairy stones 
which the present season has brought. With the 
Gammer herself— albeit her portrait as a comely 
dame of strongly marked Teutonic features 
apjiears as a frontispiece to the volume — we can 
claim no intimacy. The stories assigned to her 
are, however, from the Brothers Grimm, the best 
of all sources, and the illustrations are by Cruik- 
shank and his imitators, the name of most frequent 
occurrence being Byfield. The stories are arranged 
under twelve evenings, each evening including 
three or four legends. Many of them— such as 
'The Golden Goose,' 'Ashputtel,' 'Rumpelstiltskin,' 
'The Goose Girl,' 'Tom Thumb,' 'The Four Crafts- 
men,' and 'Hansel and Grethel'— are suiSciently 
familiar. In almost every case, however, some 
feature is introduced which gives the whole the 
air of a variant. It speaks much for the vivacity 
of the narratives that, numerous as were the claims 
on our time, we read through the volume from 
cover to cover. The get-up is handsome and effec- 
tive, and the work, for children, is an ideal gift- 
book. 

Twelfth Night ; The Comedy of Errors ; King 
Hichard II. ; King Richard III. ; King Henry V. ; 
Cymbeline ; Sonnets; Poems. With Introductions 
and Notes by John Dennis and Illustrations by 
Byam Shaw. (Bell & Sons.) 
Practically the publication of the " Chiswick 
Shakespeare" finished with the year 1902, and 
the whole of the works are now in the hands of 
readers. In praise of an edition as charming in 
get-up and appearance as trustworthy in text and 
convenient in shape, M'e have often spoken. That 
the merits win general recognition was abundantly 
testified when we witnessed a rehearsal of a 
Shakesijearian play, and found in the hands of 
those present more copies of the "Chiswick Shake- 
speare" than of all other editions put together. 
The advantages that this edition possesses are 
easily defined. It has a text, we will not say jjer- 
fect, since all texts even now, with the exception 
of facsimile reprints of the First Folio, have under- 
gone some sophistication, but as good as we can 
get. Its illustrations are correct and helitful, 
which is not often thecasc, designs having not seldom 
very little to do with the subject treated, and 
being sometimes flatly contradictory of the author's 
avowed meaning. The type and xiaper are very 
pleasant to eyes that find much modern printing 
difficult and wearying; the notes and comments 



are helpful and few ; the shape of the volume is 
convenient — it may almost be carried in the 
waistcoat pocket ; and the exterior appearance is 
quaintly and artistically fantastic. No call exists 
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though those containing the sonnets and the 
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Adonis shows him scarcely youthful enough ; one otl: 
the doves of Venus holding their course to Paphos 
is supplied, and another to " Well could he ride.'' 
Among Mr. Shaw's designs those to Acts III. and 
IV. of 'Twelfth Night,' to 'King Henry V.,=, 
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effective. We trust that there are many of ouri 
readers who, like ourselves, plume themselves oni 
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thirty-nine volumes. 

The Clergy Directory and Parish Guide, 1903.. 

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appears with diminishing frequency in late years 
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seen for the last time. He was a well-known author, 
and was the husband of Mrs. Margaret Gatty, the 
compiler of an authoritative worK on sundials, 
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9">S, 



XL makch 14, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



201 



LONDON, SATURDAY, MARCH U, 1903. 



CONTENTS. — No. 272. 

NOTES :— Gabriel Harvey, Marston, and Ben Jonson, 201 — 
Shakespeare's Books, io.3 — " Oss " : its Btymohigy, 204— 
Willoughliy Mynors — Dr. Halley, 205 — Lord Brougham's 
Reported Deatli—Pitchett's ' Nelson and his Captains,' 20". 

QUERIES :— Hail, in Arabia— Picture in Berlin Arsenal- 
John Carter, Antiquary— The Asra-' Butterfly's Ball and 
Grasshopper's Feast '— London Apprentices: their Dress 
— "Clarke's Delight "—'Banter,' 207— Irish Genealogy — 
Helm — Modern Witchcraft — Jewish Charm — Hock- : 

Ocker Verses ascribed to Longfellow and Others — 

"Celia is sick" — Shakespeare's Geography. 2u8 — Samfrey 
of Boyle or Roasmoyle — Dublin Parish Registers— Glad- 
stone on Rituvl — Quartered Arms -Historical Catechism 
— Historical Rime — Pavo Septentrionis, 209. 

REPLIES :— King's Weigh House, 209- Ancient Demesne, 
210 — Quotation Wanted — Henslowe's ' Diary '—Magic Ring 
— Harrison, Res^icide, 211 — ' English Kings : an Estimate ' 
— Purcell Family — Equation of Time, 212 — Counsellor 
Lacy — Constantinople- Thackeray and 'Vanity Fair,' 213 
— Sandwich — "Should he upbraid " — 'Burial of Sir John 
Moore,' 214 — Gifforri=Pagett — Bacon-Shakespeare Ques- 
tion, 215 — Watchhouses against Bodvsnatching — Sai'S 
Pareil Theatre — Cornish Rimes in an Epitaph — Retarded 
Germination, :.'16— Crooked Usage, Chelsea— Garret John- 
son — Original Diocese of New Zealand — Fashion in Lan- 
guage— Newspaper Cuttings changing Colour, 217— Pope 
self-condemned for Heresy — ' Discursos de la Nobleza de 
Espaiia,' 218. 

NOTES ON BOOKS :— Farmer and Henley's ' Slang and its 
Analogues' — Fleming's 'Shakespeare's Plavs'— Good- 
win's Hamilton's 'Memoirs of Count Grammont' — 
Reviews and ISIagazlnea. 

Notices to Correspondents. 



GABRIEL HARVEY, MARSTON, AND 
BEN JONSON. 

The literary quarrels which were waged 
between Harvey and Nashe C 1592 -7), and the 
later one am')ngst Marston, Jonson, and Dek- 
ker (1599-1602), do not form the subject of this 
paper. These have been often dealt with, 
and I refer readers to the editors of these 
writers, and for the latter "war" especially 
to Prof. Peniiiman's ' Wars of the Theatres ' 
(Pennsylvania University Publications, 1897). 
I shall have, liowever, occasion to refer to the 
opinions of various predecessors upon these 
authors in ray remarks, and much indeed 
remains to be said upon both of these interest- 
ing, though forgotten topics ; but my pur- 
pose is to endeavour to establish a wholly 
new— or rather unnoticed — element in the 
Jonson battle, which, if I can prove it, will 
modify and alter several received personal 
explanations concerning these (and other) 
Elizabethan worthies, and will form a con- 
necting link between two most entertaining 
and acrimonious debates. A few words of 
introduction are absolutely necessary. 

I begin with the earlier. Gabriel Harvey 
is best known now as the college friend of 
Spenser, vvho kept up a correspondence with 
his senior for a few years. Harvey was 



elected a Fellow of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, 
in December, 1578. He was a man of vast 
erudition, and of equally vast vanity com- 
mingled with pedantry. He delivered lectures 
on rhetoric and logic. He prided himself 
especially on his skill in English hexameters, 
which he claimed to have introduced, and 
Spenser had some difficulty in freeing himself 
from this distasteful and unsuitable sway. 
His dictatorial and offensive manners and 
writings probably sufficed to make enemies 
for him ; but a disquisition upon earthquakes, 
in which Spenser took part, and which was 
caused by the memorable one of 1580 (which 
damaged St. Paul's), made him a subject of 
public ridicule. It was a "short but sharp 
and learned judgment upon earthquakes." 
He got into some other serious troubles with 
his patrons and superiors at Cambridge. He 
was junior proctor in 1583, and succeeded as 
Master in 1585, but he was set aside. 

The first blood seems to have been drawn 
by Lyly in his ' Papp with an Hatchet ' (1588- 
1589). Lyly appears to be airing old grudges, 
and drags in his attack in the midst of an 
assault upon Martin Marprelate. He says : 

"And one will we conjure up, that writing a 
familiar epistle about the naturall causes of an 
earthquake, fell into the bowells of libelling, which 
made his eares quake for fear of clipping," &c. 

He goes on to what was a very weak point in 
Harvey's armour — his descent from a parent 
who was a well-to-do ropemaker at Saffron 
Walden. He calls him a " son of a ship-wright 
or a Tiburnian wright." Harvey, in a fury of 
indignation, at once wrote his reply, 'An 
Advertisement to Papp-hatchet,' in 1589. In 
this violently vituperative tract he lays about 
him all round. He insults Greene, Elderton, 
Tarleton, and all play-actors and play-makers. 
He brought down an old house about his ears, 
and was finally reduced to pulp by Thomas 
Nashe in his ' Have with you to Saffron 
Walden' in 1596, to which Harvey's brother 
Richard (instigated by Gabriel) produced a 
coarse and nerveless reply, 'The Trimming 
of Thomas Nashe,' in the following year. The 
Harveys had fallen foul of Peele, Chettle, 
Marlowe, as well as Nashe. Lyly's euphuism 
had laid him readily open to attack ; but 
what especially added venom to the war was 
Harvey's attack upon Greene, both before his 
death and after it. At the date of 'The 
Trimming ' the authorities intervened and 
put a stop to a public scandal. 

There were other ways of venting spleen 
upon a literary opponent. Hall set a new 
method in swing with his classical satires in 
' Virgidemiarum ' (1597). Hall lived to be an 
eminent bishop and a distinguished preacher, 



202 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [Q'" s. xi. march i4, 1903. 



but in his earlier days he was a rancorous 
critic. In the ninth satire he directs his 
efforts against Marston for his 'Pygmalion 
and Certain Satires,' which, though not pub- 
lished till the following year (1598), must 
have been circulated in manuscript— or rather 
the ' Pygmalion ' portion of it— previously. 
In Satire 11. and Satire IV. ('Reactio') Marston 
attacks Hall violently enough ; but in his 
' Scourge of Villainy ' he fairly worries him, 
and his lines, though powerful at times, are 
disfigured by gross coarseness, unintelligi- 
bility, and occasional lapses into the un- 
couthest jargon. Both he and Hall seem to 
have had little care whom they attacked 
(outside each other), but a general desire to 
belittle every one and show their own extreme 
cleverness and superiority. 

Hall's first three books of satires appeared 
in 1597 ; but it is in his second instalment 
of 1598, at the lines VI. 163 et seq., that he 
makes his fiercest reply to Balbus and his 
"dead-doing quill." 

With Hall, however, we have no further 
concern. His satires, though powerful, were 
so unintelligible that others besides Marston 
scoffed at their want of sense. For the con- 
test between Marston and Hall the reader 
may refer to the works of the former, edited 
by A. H. Bullen, and the remarks in his 
introduction. 

We now come to the quarrel between Ben 
Jonson and Marston, or rather to that part 
of it which has been invariably stated by the 
critics to belong to Marstou's 'Scourge of 
Villainy.' With the later developments of 
that famous war this paper is happily not 
concerned, for it is a vast and complex sub- 
ject, involving the examination of a number 
of plays by Marston, Jonson, and Dekker. 
Gifford first placed the matter clearly, 
and Prof. Penniman has gone more exhaus- 
tively into the intricacies of the problem of 
identification of stage representations with 
their supposed originals. For Jonson's 
methods were neither libellous invective 
nor declamatory satire, but the more power- 
ful one of pillorying his antagonist in a play, 
or the yet more forcible way he tells us he 
adopted when 

"he liad many quarrels with Marston, beat him, 
and took his pistol from him, wrote his 'Poetaster' 
on him (1601); the beginning of tliem were, that 
Marston rei)resented him in the stage, in his youtli 
given to venerie." — 'Conversations with Drum- 
mond ' (Cunningham's edition of Gitibrd's ' Jonson,' 
vol. iii. p. 483). 

Ben Jonson refers again to his having been 
" staged " in the ' Apologetical Dialogue ' 
appended to the 'Poetaster' in the 1616 
folio, and written apparently (from an in- 



ternal reference to ' Sejanus ') in 1603. In 
this ' Dialogue ' Jonson says, 

Three years 
They did provoke me with their petulant styles 
On every stage. 

And then, "at last," he tells us he replied, 
weary, and unwilling of so much trouble, with 
his 'Poetaster/ 

Hence Ben Jonson had been attacked on 
the stage as early as 1598 or thereabouts, not 
only by Marston, but by others. The only 
play we possess which meets the require- 
ments is ' Histriomastix ' (edited by Simpson, 
' School of Shakespeare,' vol. ii.). The editor 
goes into this question at considerable length 
in his introduction, which aims at much 
interpretation, highly improbable, and not 
necessary to refer to. This play has no 
author's name, but Marston's hand as part 
author or modeller is very evident. In 
one place (II. 1. 63; he addresses a character 
as '• You translating - schoUer," and this 
character (Chrisoganus) is generally identi- 
fied with Ben, At the same passage the 
speaker quotes an expression, '" Bamnusia's 
whip," which Marston had previously used in 
his ' Scourge of Villainy ' : " I bear the Scourge 
of just Ramnusia " (Satire I. 1. 1). And Jon- 
son in 'Every Man out of his Humour' 
makes it evident, as shown by the various 
critics, that he took offence at this play ' His- I 
triomastix,' which he mentions by name 
(Cunningham's edition, 99b), and that he 
objects altogether to Marston's liberties (86a), 
calling him the "Grand Scourge, or Second 
Untruss of the time." These references place 
the play 'Histriomastix' (1598-9) with the 
lower limit of Marston's ' Scourge of Villainy,' 
and the upper Jonson's 'Every Man out of 
his Humour.' But as the attack, if attack it 
can be called, upon Jonson is, though suit- 
able enough in date, hardly sufficient to 
justify Ben's wrath, we have to look else- 
where for a play meeting the requirements. 
And for this play we are still to seek. Pre- 
sumably it is lost. According to Collier a 
play of Marston's of this date (Henslowe, 
28 Sept., 1599, 'Diary') was licensed, but un- 
named. We require a play which will satisfy 
the " venerie " allusion in the ' Conversations.' 
The play was written when Marston was of 
no repute. It was perhaps never printed. 
It probably belonged to the Fortune com- 
pany (" You have Fortune and the good year 
on your side, you stinkard," 'Poetaster,' III. 
i. 230b), and may have perished when that 
theatre, " by negligence of a candle, was 
cleane burnt to the ground" (Stowe's 'Con- 
tinuation ') shortly afterward. 

Partly in consequence of the lack of this 



9'" S. XL March 14, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



203 



" fons et origo mali," partly from a very easily 
made blunder in the endeavour to find in 
Marston's ' Scourge of Villainy ' a pretext for 
Jonson's anger,-all the critics have identified 
Torquatus of 'The Scourge' with Ben. I 
believe I can show that this character is 
aimed at Gabriel Harvey, and has nothing 
whatever to do with Jonson ; and further, 
that Jonson himself holds up Harvey to 
ridicule, since he had aroused the wrath of 
all the dramatic writers, in 'The Case is 
Altered ' (1598). As a fitting preliminary I 
will quote one early passage of Gabriel 
Harvey's ('Letters to Spenser, 1573-83,' 
Grosart's ' Harvey,' i. 125). Harvey pro- 
fesses to be vastly indignant because some 
of his sonnets have been printed : — 

" And canst thou tell me nowe, or doist thou at 
the last begin to imagin with thy selfe what a 
wonderfull and exceeding displeasure thou and thy 
prynter have wroughte me, and how peremptorily 
ye have preiudist'd my good name for ever in 
thrustinge me thus on the stage to make tryall of 
my extemporall faculty, and to play Wylsons or 
Tarletons parte. I suppose thou wilt goe nighe 
hande shortely to sende my lorde of Lycsters, or 
my lorde of Warwick, Vawsis [sic, ? Vaux's], or 
my lorde Ritches i)layers, or some other freshestarte 
up comedaiites unto me for some new devised inter- 
lude or some male-conceived comedye fitt for the 
theater, or sum other painted stage." 

After this— and this being Harvey's de- 
meanour — it was natural that any dramatist 
should take up the cudgels against one who 
by his Italianate afiectation and other traits 
already mentioned had set all literati against 
him. Harvey had, at any rate, the courage 
of his opinions, based on inordinate self- 
conceit. 

In my next article I hope to quote Marston's 
"Torquatus" passages. H. C. Hart. 

Carrablagh, co. Donegal. 

(To be continued.) 



SHAKESPEARE'S BOOKS. 

(Seeg^'S. viii. 321; xi. 64.) 

Cominius. You shall not be 

The grave of your deserving ; Rome must know 
The value of her own : 'twere a concealment 
Worse than a theft, no less than a traducement, 
To hide your doings ; and to silence that. 
Which, to the spire and top of praises vouch'd. 
Would seem but modest : therefore, I beseech you 
(In sign of what you are, not to reward 
What you have done), before our army hear me. 

' Coriolanus,' I. ix. 

" The spire and top of praises " has not, I 
think, received much notice from the com- 
mentators, but Dr. Aldis Wright, in his 
edition of the '' Shakespeare Select Plays " 
(Clarendon Press), makes the following 
note ;— 



" To the spire and top of praises vouch'd, if pro- 
claimed in the very highest terms of praise. Com- 
pare 'The Tempest,' III. i. 38:— 

Admired Miranda ! 
Indeed the top of admiration. 

' Hamlet,' III. ii. 401 : ' They fool me to the top of 
my bent.'" 

And Delius says : — 

"Das mit Stillschweigen zu iibergehen, was, bis 
zur Spitze und zum Gipfel des Lobens ausgesprochen, 
doch nur als bescheiden erscheinen wiirde. 

For many years I have thought that 
Shakespeare in this passage alludes to a 
figure in the ' Arte of English Poesie ' which 
Puttenham thus describes : — 

"Of the Spire or Taper called Pyramis.— The 
Taper is the longest and sharpest triangle that is, 
while he mounts upward he waxeth continually 
more slender, taking both his figure and name of 
the fire, whose flame, if ye marke it, is always 
pointed and naturally by his forme covets to 
clymbe : the Greekes call him Pyramis of Trip, 
The Latines in use of architecture called him 
Oheliscus, it holdeth the altitude of six ordinary 
triangles, and in metrifying his base can not well 
be larger than a nieetre of six, therefore in his 
altitude he will require divers rubates to hold so 
many sizes of meetres as shall serve for his com- 
position, for neare the toppe there will be roome 
little inough for a meetre of two Billables, and 
sometimes of one to flnish the point. I have set 
you doune one or two examples to try how ye can 
digest the maner of the devise. Her Maiestie, for 
many parts in her most noble and vertuous naturr 
to be found, resembled to the spire. Ye muse 
begin beneath according to the nature of the devicet 

Skie 

Azurd 

in the 

assurde, 

And better, 

And richer. 

Much greter. 

Crown and empir 

After an heir 

For to aspire 

Like flame of fire 

In forme of Spire 

To mount on hie. 

Con ti nu al iy 

With travel and teen 

Most gratious queen 

Ye have made a vow 

Shews us plainly how 

Not fained but true, 

To every mans vew, 

Shining cleere in you 

Of so bright an liewe, 

Even thus vertewe 

Vanish out of our sight 

Till his fine top be quite 

To Tajier in the ayre 

Endevors soft and faire 

By his kindly nature 

Of tall comely stature 

Like as this faire figure." 

Before giving this example of the figure 
Puttenham, as shown above, says : " Her 



204 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9- s. xi. march i4, 1903 



Majesty, for many parts in her most noble 
and virtuous nature to be found, resembled 
to the spire"; and in the figure itself he uses 
the words top and spire. Cominius, referring 
to the doings of Coriolanus, says, in effect, it 
would be modest to voucli them to the top 
and spire oi praises, and this figure of Putten- 
ham's, "the Spire,"' certainly praises Queen 
Elizabeth. The word spire is only used once 
by Shakespeare. W. L. Rushton. 

(To he continued.) 



"OSS": ITS ETYMOLOGY. 

This word is doubtless familiar to many of 
the readers of ' N. & Q.' In the year 1885 
the English Dialect Society printed a paper 
by Thomas Hallam on 'Four Dialect Words' 
— the words being clem, lake, nesh, and oss. 
From this paper we may see that the word 
"oss" was in common use over a large 

f)ortion of England, and was known in the 
jorder counties of Wales. 'E.D.D.' tells us 
that the area of the word is very extensive 
— from Cumberland to Oxfordshire, is well 
known in the West Midlands, and has crossed 
the border into Radnorshire and Montgomery- 
shire. The word has not been made the sub- 
ject of persistent inquiry in 'N. & Q.' I can 
only find the word " oss " mentioned in the 
Index to the Fourth Series. In 4'''^ S. x. 16 a 
correspondent speaks of it as a Lincolnshire 
word. But I think there must have been 
some mistake here, as neither in Mr. Hallam's 
exhaustive account, nor in 'E.D.D.,' with 
its numerous keen - scented correspondents, 
do we find any trace of the word so far to the 
east. 

From the examples of usage in 'E.D.D.' 
we may infer that the various meanings of 
the word were derived from one common 
ground-meaning, namely, to prognosticate, to 
foretell by means of present signs. In dia- 
lect usage the word "oss " generally means to 
show promise, intention. Here are some 
instances taken from 'E.DD.': (1) In Here- 
fordshire a new servant is said to "oss" 
well ; (2) in Cheshire people say, "It 'osses' 
to rain"; (3) in Worcestershire, "'E ' ossed ' 
to jump the bruck, but 'e couldna do't " ; " 'E 
stood up and 'ossed ' to fight me"; (4) (scene 
in a Sunday-school in Cheshire) " Why did 
Noah go into the ark 1 " " Please, teacher, 
because God was ' ossin ' for t' drown the 
world." 

In Nares's 'Glossary ' (s.?;. osse), ed 1876, 
three instances of our word are given in the 
sense of an augury, from Holland's 'Ammia- 
nus Marcellinus,' published in 1609. In the 
West-Midland text of the ' Wars of Alexander,' 



written about the middle of the fifteenth 
century (E.E.T.S. Extra Series, xlvii.), the 
verb occurs in the sense of to prophesy, being, 
used of an oracle which ' ' ' osses ' on this 
wyse " (see index). 

From what has been said it is perfectly 
clear that the original meaning of the wore 
"oss " was to augur, to foretell, to prognosti-i 
cate. What is its etymology? lu Mr. Hali 
lam's paper it may be seen that twenty yean 
ago the derivation most in favour was fronci 
Fr. oser, to dare, to venture. But no onei 
would attempt to defend such an etymology 
nowadays. Fr. oser could not have given osi- 
in English ; it could only have given ose. 
riming with pose and rose. Before we ven- 
ture on suggesting an etymology for "oss," 
let us examine the principal dialect forms oi 
the word as given in ' E.D.D.' The forms are 
oss, koss, ause, haivse, and with added t, ost: 
oast, host, aust. I think we cannot be wrong 
in assuming that of these forms the form 
haivse is nearest to the original source. Is it 
possible that this dialect word hatvse is iden- 
tical with O.E. hdlsian, to augur, foretell, 
divine (cf. hdlsere, a soothsayer ; hdlsung, 
divination)? There is a West-Country word 
in 'E.D.D.' which appears to give support to 
the identification of hawse (oss) with O.E, 
hdlsian. The word is halsen (O.E. *hdlsnian\ 
which is common in various forms from 
Hampshire to Cornwall in the sense of to 
predict, divine, conjecture. The variants are 
hawsen, and, with the usual Western verbal 
suffix y, halseny, ausney, osney — forms exactly 
parallel to the "oss" forms cited above. 
Therefore I think it may be agreed that 
"oss" corresponds to O.E. hdlsian both im 
form and meaning. But it may be askedj 
How can the fifteenth-century form be ex- 
plained f How could an O.E. hdlsian have 
become osse in fifteenth - century English ? 
I think we must assume that the "osse" in 
the ' Wars of Alexander ' is due immediately 
to an unrecorded Anglo-French osser imported 
into French from O.E. hdlsian. That an O.E. 
hdlsian could become O.F. osser is proved 
from the fact that O. H.G. halsberg ( = 0.E. 
healsheorg) is represented by O.F. osberc, "a,; 
hauberk," in the ' Chanson de Roland.' Com-i 
pare It. osbergo in Dante's 'Inferno,' and 
Prov. avsberc. So in O.F. we find ossi for 
alsi, " aussi " (see Godefroy). 

Lastly, it may be mentioned that the 
Welsh osio, " to offer to do," is a borrowing 
from the English "oss." Prof. Rhys told us 
long ago that osio cannot be explained as 
a genuine Celtic word. See the etymological 
note in the paper mentioned above. 

COMESTOK OXONIENSIS. 



f 



Itl 



gf'S. XL March 14, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



205 



f"' The Ceoke Epitaph at Marston.— With- 
)Ut inquiring whether the mural epitaph of 
:he Carlist family of Croke, existing on the 
aorth wall in the chancel of Marston Church, 
near Oxford, has been published anywhere 
ilready, two points in it may be deemed to 
be of sufficient interest to be noted in these 
pages. The first part of it records the death 
af Richard Croke, " Equitis," in 1683, and 
refers to him as " Vtrique Carolo dilectissimi, 
Deo et Religioni verh Catholicje semper de- 
votissimi." Here it is to be remarked that 
the description of the very exclusive Angli- 
canism then in fashion as " the truly Catholic 
religion " might have been penned by one 
of the Tractarian divines 150 years later. 
The second part commemorates the son of 
Sir Richard, i.e., Wright Croke, "Armiger," 
"qui ex hac vita discessit 47 Aii : ^Etat : lun : 
7th 1705." In this the use of English ^^ in- 

ffi stead of the Latin ° of septimo is a curious 
specimen of lapidary carelessness. 

E. S. DODGSON. 

WiLLOUGHBY Mynors. — Brief mention is 
made of him in Canon Overton's recent 
volume on the 'Nonjurors.' Many particu- 
lars have already been supplied in 2°'' S. iv. 
108. To these may be added that he was of 
Magdalene College, Cambridge, B.A. 1711, 
M.A. 1715. On 24 February, 1654/5, Wil- 
loughby Minars, of Shoreditch, and Margaret 
Hollan, of Islington, were married at ISt. 
James's, Clerkenwell ; and on 2 November, 
1746, Mr. Willoughby Mynors, of St. Clement's 
Danes, and Mary Rily, of St. Margaret's, 
Westminster, were married at St. George's 
Chapel, May Fair (from the Registers, printed 
by the Harleian Soc, xiii. 93 ; xv. 71). 

W. C. B. 

Dr. Edmond Halley. (See 9'^ S. x. 361 ; 
xi. 85.)— 

I. Life and Work. 

It may not be out of place to mention here 
a few apparent inaccuracies in two of the 
best memoirs extant. 

In 'Diet. Nat. Biog.,' xxiv. 107, the state- 
ment is made that Dr. Edmond Halley's will 
was proved 9 December, 1742, whereas it was 
dated 18 June, 1736, and proved 9 February, 
1741/2. Cp. 8"> S. vii. 427 ; Q^^ S. x. 362. 

Ibid. xxiv. 107, Prof. Rigaud is mentioned 

as the author of the ' Defence of Halley 

against the Charge of Religious Infidelity,' 

' 1844. This might be construed to mean Prof. 

i S. P. Rigaud (d. 1839) ; the real author of the 

'Defence' was the Rev. S. J. Rigaud, his son. 

In Good Words, xxxvi. 750, Sir Robert S. 
Ball says that Halley was created Master 
of Arts 18 November, 1678. This title 



was conferred upon Halley 3 December' 
1678, by virtue of the King's Letters under 
date of 18 November, 1678. Cp. Wood's 
' Fasti Oxon.' (Bliss), pt. ii. 368, London, 1820. 

In 'Great Astronomers,' p. 171, London, 
1895, Sir R. S. Ball remarks that Halley 
remained at Dantzic "more than a twelve- 
month" with Hevelius. Halley left Dantzic 
18 July, 1679. Cp. 'Biog. Brit.,' iv. 2498- 
2499, London, 1757. 

Ibid., p. 184, the author says that Halley was 
admitted a foreign member of the Academy 
of Sciences, Paris, in 1719 ; probably a typo- 
graphical error, because in Good Words, xxxvi. 
755, the year is shown as 1779 [?]. The original 
account reads: "M. Halley fut regu dans 
TAcademie des Sciences en qualite d'Associ^ 
etranger au mois d'Aoiit, 1729, a la place de 
M. Bianchini " ('Eloge de M. Halley, Histoire,' 
p. 183, Paris, 1742). 

III. Genealogy. 

Harleian [Society's Publications, Musgrove's 
Obituary, xlvi. p. 123 (Decease of Dr. Edni. Halley 
and Mrs. Halley, his wife). 1900. 

Ihid. xlviii. p. 82 (Decease of Henry Price). 

Ihid. xlviii. p. 41 (Decease of Capt. James Pike 
and John Pike). 

Burke's Landed Gentry for 1850, i. 572, 710, 
London, 1850. 

It is strange that in ' Biog. Brit.,' iv. 2500, 
Dr. Edmond Halley is said to have married 
Miss Mary Tooke, when in the record of her 
burial at Lee her Christian name is given as 
Elizabeth ('Register of Church of St. Mar- 
garet, Lee,' p. 56, Lee, 1888). 

The writer's paternal grandfather, the late 
Judge John M'Pike (1795-1876), dictated, 
about 1868, to his son, Hon. Henry Guest 
M'Pike (b. 1825), certain memoranda which 
were preserved in writing,* and afterwards 
supported by sworn affidavit. Among other 
statements therein is one to the efifect that 
the said John M'Pike's father was James 
McPike or M'Pike, who migrated "from Lon- 
don "(?) to Baltimore, Maryland, in 1772; that 
the mother of the said James M'Pike was, 
previous to her marriage, a " Miss Haley or 
Haly, granddaughter of Sir Edmund Haley, 
astronomer, England." Other oral traditions 
state that the surname was originally" Pike," 
and that it was changed to "McPike" at 
alaout the time of the birth of the said 
James McPike, circa 1751. The writer's 
paternal uncle, Mr. Edmund Haley M'Pike 
(b. 1821), in a letter dated " Calistoga, 

* MS. in Museum of the Newberry Library, 
Chicago, Case No. XL, 31-2 :— Catalogue No. 89030. 
Sworn atiidavit by Henry Guest M'Pike, 23rd Nov,, 
1899, photog. facsimile, in Newb. Libr., Chicago, 
Catalogue No. E-7 ; M-239. 



206 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9"> s. xi. march m, 1903. 



Aug. 7th, 1902," and postmarked "Oalistoga, 
Cal. Aug. 8, 3 P.M., 1902," says, "I have heard 
my mother say that I was named after Sir 
Edmund Haley, the Engli.sh astronomer, and 
that he had discovered a comet." Two other 
oral traditions evince a clear recollection that 
" Haley " was a family name in the McPike 
family, and was derived from "a distant 
ancestor who was of great distinction." The 
aforesaid James McPike married Miss Martha 
Mountain (New Jersey), and gave to one of 
his own sons the Christian name of " Halejs" 
so that the traditions are of very early 
origin. If Edmund Halley, surgeon R.N., 
had a daughter, he did not mention her in 
his will, but left his entire estate, both real 
and personal, to his wife Sybilla Halley. The 
latter's will, or the grant of administration 
of her estate, has not been found. Its con- 
tents might determine the question at issue. 

Nearly all the printed works concerning 
Dr. Edmond Halley are accessible in Chicago, 
with two notable exceptions, namely, the 
' Defence ' of Halley^ above mentioned, and 
Sir Alexander Dalrymple's ' Voyages to the 
South Atlantic,' London, 1775. The writer 
has unsuccessfully endeavoured several times 
to discover second-hand copies thereof for 
sale. Eugene Fairfield McPike. 

Chicago, Illinois, U.S. 

Lord Brougham's Reported Death in 
1839.— The death of Mr. John Temple Leader, 
on Sunday, the 1st of March, at his residence 
in Florence, at the age of ninety-three, recalls 
the well-known hoax Lord Brougham played 
upon the public. On the 21st of October, 
1839, while at Brougham Hall, it was reported 
and generally believed in London that he 
had met his death by a carriage accident. 
All the newspapers of the 22nd, except the 
Times, contained obituary notices of his 
career, but it soon became known that the 
report was false, and Brougham was accused, 
not without reason, of having set it abroad 
himself. The Daily Telegraphoi the 4th inst. 
gives the following : — 

"Mr. Alfred Montgomery, of Kingston House, 
Knightsbridge, received a letter purporting to have 
been written by Mr. Hliafto, a well-known Durham 
squire, saying that he and Mr. Leader had been 
staying at Lord Brougham's seat in Cumberland. 
The writer said that they had been out driving in 
a carriage with Lord Brougham, when the carriage 
was overturned, and all the occupants thrown out, 
Lord Brougham being killed on the spot, while Mr. 

Leader's life was despaired of It subsequently 

proved that the letter had been inspired, if not 
written, by Brougham himself, who wanted to read 
his own obituary notices and enjoy the discomfiture 
of the papers which praised him under the impres- 
sion that he was dead. The chairman of Mr. Leader's 
election committee bad already started off for the 



North to say a long farewell to his friend when the 
hoax was discovered." 

Mr. Leader was often urged by his friend 
Mr. Fisher Unwin to write his memoirs ; he 
did collect some into a little privately printed 
volume. Mr. Unwin recalls a conversation 
in which he spoke of Byron and Shelley, both ; 
of whom he had seen ; and another of his 
friends was Capt. Trelawny, Byron's comrade 
in the movement for Greek emancipation. 

A. N. Q. 

Fitchett's 'Nelson and his Captains.' 
— The first necessity of any historical or 
biographical work, however " popular " in 
aim, should be accuracy. "Purple patches," 
eloquent passages, and poetical prose are 
adjuncts which do (or do not) embellish and 
set forth the plain facts of the narrative, but 
the substructure must be sound or the embel- 
lishments will fall to pieces. 

In Mr. Fitchett's latest work there are 
three local blunders in the same article which 
greatly detract from its value. In chap, xi , 
the life of Sir Edward Pellew (Lord Exmouth), 
at p. 259 we have : — 

" Pellew, then in the midst of his brilliant career, 
was dining one evening at Porti^mouth, and a furious 
gale was shrieking above the roofs of the town. 
News came to the dinner table that an Indiaman 
crowded with troops and passengers was on her 
beam-ends in the surf thundering on the pebbly 
beach," &c. 

At p. 260 : " Pellew offered large sums to the 
hardy Portsmouth boatmen to put off to the 
imperilled ship," (fee. ; and again at p. 270 we 
are told that at Algiers he anchored as quietly 
as though he were off the Hoe at Portsmouth. 
In each of these instances the name of the 
town should be Plymouth^ not " Portsmouth." 
At p. 206, in the sketch of Sir James 
Saumarez, we are told : — 

" Suppose the four rearmost French ships had 
slipped their cables when the fight began and made 
sail to windward? They would certainly have 
destroyed the stranded Culloden, and might have 
cut ofi' the Swiftsure and Alexander, coming up to 
the fight." 

But the Culloden was stranded far to wind- 
ward both of the French fleet and of the 
Swiftsure and Alexander, which two British 
ships were in their turn to leeward of the 
French fleet, a fact of which Brueys was 
ignorant. Moreover, we are told at p. 279 
that " the head of Brueys's line was in this 
manner destroyed, while his rear ships — since 
the line lay head to the wind — could only look 
on in agitated helplessness," yet Villeneuve is 
blamed for looking on "inertly while ship 
after ship in the French van and centre was 
destroyed," the fact being that not Ville- 
neuve's inertpess, but Brueys's original faulty 



9'" S. XI. March 14, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



207 



arrangements for occupying a defensive posi- 
tion were entirely blamable for the French 
defeat. He had put himself into a position 
where his rear ships could not, in the teeth of 
the breeze, aid his foremost vessels, any more 
than they could (as Mr. Fitchett suggests) 
capture tiie Gulloden, which was still further 
ahead. 

There is an omission of the word " the" in 
the verse of Campbell's 'Battle of the Baltic,' 
given at the head of chap, iv., which spoils 
the rhythm. The last line should read — 
With the gallant good Riou. 

I think it somewhat irritating as a matter 
of taste that almost whenever Lady Hamilton 
is mentioned she should be designated as 
"that somewhat over-plump beauty, Lady 
Hamilton," pp. 5, 149, 204 (varied to "some- 
what obese ") ; and that wherever the log of 
a man-of-war is quoted, its language should 
be designated as "drab-coloured,"_as though 
naval captains were expected to indulge_ in 
high-flown heroics in the business description 
of the doings of their own selves, ship, and 
crew during the day. However, "degustibus," 
&c., but about absolute accuracy as to details 
there should be no second opinion. 

W. Sykes, M.D., F.S.A. 

Exeter. 

We must request correspondents desiring infor- 
mation on family matters of only private interest 
to affix their names and addresses to their queries, 
in order that the answers maybe addressed to them 
direct. 

Hail, in Arabia. — Hail, in the Nejd, 
Arabia, was visited by Palgrave in 1862, 
Doughty in 1876, and the Blunts in 1879. 
Is it known whether there is any published 
account of a visit to this place since the last 
datel Riad, the then seat of Wahabi rule, 
was visited by Palgrave after leaving Hail. 
Has any Christian entered the place since 
that time? The Times of 31 March, 1902, 
contained an account of the recent defection 
of Riad from the Shammar Emir of Hail and 
the resumption of Wahabi rule. Is there any 
more recent intelligence ? H. D. 

Picture in Berlin Arsenal. — In the 
Zeughaus (arsenal) at Berlin are some 
modern pictures. I want to know the story 
or subject of one ; it is called on a picture 
postcard 'Uebergang iiber das Kurische 
Haff.' The card is sold at the Museum, and 
published by Ad. Halwas, Berlin (1901), and 
is one of a set. In Baedeker's ' Guide to 
Northern Germany,' thirteenth edition, in 



English (1900), p. 27, the picture is thus 
described : ' The Passage of the Kurische 
Haflf' by the Great Elector, 1679, by painter 
Simler, The picture represents a sleigh 
crossing the ice. The place is in the north- 
east of Germany. What is the episode referred 
to ; and in what book in English can it be 



found 1 



R. B. B. 



John Carter, Antiquary.— Some of John 
Carter's letters in the Gentleman s Magazine in 
the earlier years of the last century are dated 
from Partney, a village in East Lincolnshire, 
two miles north-east of Spilsby, on the road 
to Louth. Is it known whether he resided 
here or was on a visit 1 Partney Hall was a 
gentleman's seat, and he may have been 



entertained there. 



John Hebb. 



The Asra. — In one of Rubinstein's songs 
are the following words : — 

And my race is of those Asra 

Who lore and die, and die with love. 

The original words are Heine's, in his poem 
'Der Asra.' Who were the Asra? _ I have 
sought for the word in every dictionary I 
could lay hands on, but all in vain. 

R. B. M. 

["The Asras'' says Buchheim ('Balladen und 
Romanzen,' 1893, p. 313), "are described as a senti- 
mental Arabic tribe, many of whom died of love- 
sickness.' ] 

'The Butterfly's Ball and the Grass- 
hopper's Feast.'— This poetical hrochnre was 
said to have been written and set to music 
for the use of the Princess Mary, daughter of 
George III. Who was the author, and by 
whom was it set to music? I have some 
recollection of it as a children's toy book 
of half a century ago. Xylographer. 

[See 5"' S. ii. 327, 352, 372, 418, 458.] 

London Apprentices: their Dress. — I 
shall be obliged if you can inform me of any 
source of information (pictorial or otherwise), 
easy of access, regarding the costume of the 
old London apprentices. J. L. McN. 

" Clarke's Delight."— Can any Cambridge 
reader of ' N. & Q.' identify the above, which 
was a bathing-place used circa 1618, and in 
which a scholar appears to have been drowned 
about that time % L. B. Clarence. 

'Banter.' — Some years ago I read a 
book, the title of which, I believe, was 
'Banter,' and I had the impression that it 
was by G. A. Sala, or that he edited it. Can 
any reader of ' N. & Q.' help me to find 
out the author or editor, as, apparently, 
I am mistaken as to Sala? The book was 



208 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [Q'" s. xi. march i4, im 



illustrated, and contained, as its name im- 
plies, a great deal of " chaff." Some of the 
lines in it have remained in my memory. 
They ran somewhat as follows : — 

Little boy just going to sciiool, 
Don't you make yourself a fool ; 
Don't begin to grieve and fret, 
Time enough for that as yet. 

Edwaed Latham. 
61, Friends' Road, East Croydon. 

Irish Historical Genealogy.- Ishould like 
to know whom the contributors to ' N. & Q.' 
consider the best contemporary writer on 
Irish historical genealogy. Tyrone. 

Thomas Helm was admitted to Westmin- 
ster School in 1786, and to Christ Church, 
Oxford, and Lincoln's Inn in 1788. I should 
be glad to learn particulars of his career and 
the date of his death. G. F. R. B. 

Modern Witchcraft. — When a boy on 
Deeside, forty years ago, I knew an old 
woman who was reputed to be "uncanny," 
and come of " uncanny " folk. She was a 
poor, feeble, fragile old body, yet every one 
was frightened at her. A farmer's wife 
asserted that she had met her coming out of 
a cow-byre at midnight. What was she doing 
there 1 She did not seem capable of milking 
a cow. I was told, when I met her, always 
to speak to her before she could speak to me, 
as that would counteract her "ill ee." I acted 
on the advice, but it did not work. I met her 
one day when I was carrying some eggs, and 
forthwith fell off the top of a dry-stone dyke 
and smashed them, so incurring a thrashing 
for carelessness, the plea that I was bewitched 
being ignored. Is the belief in uncanny 
people peculiar to Aberdeenshire 1 

A. R. Y. 

[See many references under ' Folk-lore : Evil Eye,' 
in General Indexes.] 

Jewish Charm. —During the renovation 
of an old public-house in the south-eastern 
district of London there was found nailed 
to the framework above one of the doors a 
small piece of tin, about three inches long, 
folded up to the width of a quarter of an inch. 
When it was unfolded, a small piece of paper 
or silk, two inches square, was found rolled 
up inside the tin, having stamped upon it a 
number of Hebrew characters. There were 
twenty-one lines in all. Can any one tell 
me whether this is a Jewish charm, and 
what object it was supposed to serve by 
being placed above the door ? G. H. W. 

Hock- : Ocker-.— There are several places 
in the Midlands named Ocker Hill, Hockerill, 
Hockley, Ockeridge, all hills or hillsides. 



Domesday Book records about thirty manors 
commencing Hoc- or Hoch (Iloch, in the 
sense of hill, was an old Teutonic word), so 
that it must have been in Anglo-Saxon use, 
though unrecorded in dictionaries. In Welsh 
ockr means a hillside, but that can hardly 
be the root, from the repeated use of Iloch- in 
Domesday. Is it repiesented by A-S. hoh, 
which is translated as " a heel ! lidge or pro- 
montory "(of land), but in practice appears 
to mean " hill," without regard to shape ] 
Can any one assist me ? W. H. Duignan. 
Walsall. 

Verses ascribed to Longfellow and 
Others. — If you could favour me with the 
authorship of the following I should feel 
greatly obliged. The first is, 1 think, Long- 
fellow's, but I cannot find it in any of the 
late editions. When I first saw it I am almost 
sure it was with Longfellow's name ; it was 
in some current publication, and called 'The 
Cabin Lamp.' It begins thus : — 

The night was made for cooling shade, 

For silence and for sleep, 
And when I was a child I laid 
My hand upon my breast and smil'd, 

And sank to slumbers deep. 

Another verse begins : — 

land of God ! O Lamb of Peace ! 

promise of my soul ! 

I would also ask if you could name the 
author of the following, and say where it is 
to be found. I have looked through three 
books of extracts or quotations, and do not 
see it included. A lady friend is anxious to 
have it : — 

1 've often wished to have a friend 
With whom my choicest hours to spend ; 
To whom I safely might impart 

Each wish and weakness of my heart. 

John McKibbin, 

"Celia is sick."— British Museum Har- 
leian 6931 contains a poem commencing 
" Celia is sick," the author of which is stated 
to have been a certain Humphrey Lloid. 
Can any one give me information respecting 
author and poem ? Edward Owen. 

27, Cautley Avenue, S.W. 

Shakespeare's Geography. — In the article 
by Mr. Michael Drummond, K.C., on ' Shake- 
speare's Contemporaries' in tlie National Re- 
view for February tlie writei' quotes from Ben 
Jonson's 'Conversations' witli Drummond of 
Hawthornden a sneer at Shakespeare's well- 
knovvn mistake as to the sea-coast of Bohemia. 
This may perhaps serve as a text for asking 
whether the equally well-known scene in ' The 
Two Gentlemen of Verona ' in which cha- 
racters are supposed to go from Verona to 



gt-'S. XI. March 14, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



209 



Milan by sea does not, in reality, furnish a 
good proof of Shakespeare's connexion with 
Warwickshire and of his accurate knowledge 
of Italy. We know from the ' Life of Beatrice 
d'Este, Duchess of Milan,' that in the fifteenth 
century the usual mode of conveyance from 
Ferrara to Milan was by river barge. iSucli 
also was the usual mode of conveyance from 
Verona to Milan. The only word in the whole 
passage in 'The Two Gentlemen of Verona' 
which really conveys any notion connected 
with the sea is that of "tide." I should much 
like to know whether in sixteenth-century 
English this word was not applied to the 
rising and falling of freshwater rivers in con- 
sequence of floods. Every one who has been 
at Tewkesbury knows that the eagre — which 
is, of course, occasioned by the pressure of 
the tide at the mouth of the Severn— not 
only extends for some distance up the Avon, 
but is also spoken of locally (and, of course, 
correctly) as the "tide." Is there anything 
in Florio's 'World of Words' which would 
show that the same Italian word served for 
" spate," " tide," and " flood " ] The question, 
in view of Shakespeare's accuracy, is worth 
discussion. Z. 

Samfrey of Boyle or Rossmoyle.— Can 
any one help me to the coat of arms of this 
Irish family 1 I fail to discover it. 

E. E. Cope. 

Dublin Parish Registers. — Are the 
registers of births, marriages, and deaths 
for the city and county of Dublin still in 
existence; if so, where are they kept, and are 
they available 1 Fitzgerald. 

Ritual : Quotation from Gladstone. — I 
take this from the Chuyxh Times of 16 Janu- 
ary :— 

" No ritual is too much, provided it is subsidiary 
to the inner work of worship ; and all ritual is too 
much, unless it ministers to that purpose (W. E. 
Gladstone)." 

This vague sort of citation is annoying. I 
shall be much obliged by a reference of a 
more definite character among Mr. Gladstone's 
many writings. William George Black. 

Ramoyle, Dowanhill (iardens, Glasgow. 

Quartered Arms. — In the event of an 
illegitimate son receiving a confirmation or 
grant of his father's arms (with due differ- 
ence), does this include the quarterings 
(say twelve) as borne in the paternal coat; 
and if it does, are they differenced in any way % 

Adrian. 

Historical Catechism.— A lost leaflet 
issued in 1886 by the Irish Unionist Asso- 
ciation gave extracts from an historical 



catechism used some years ago in Irish 
Catholic schools, which justified Queen 
Mary's burning of Protestants on the ground 
that burning them here prevented their 
persuasions from leading many to be burrit 
hereafter for ever. The existence of this 
historical catechism is denied. Can you aid 
me to verify it 1 H. B. 

32, Marlboro' Road, Bradford. 

Historical Rime.— Can you or any of your 
readers give me information about an old 
historical rime 1 It begins : — 

The Romans in England long held sway, 
The Saxons after them led the way, 
Till both of them had an overthrow, 
Each of them by a Norman bow. 

It goes on to describe each king and queen : — 

Good Queen Bess was a glorious dame. 
And bonny King Jamie from Scotland came. 

I should be very grateful if you could help 
me, as I cannot remember it after Queen 
Anne. Florence E. Foster. 

[The late Mr. William Bates, of Edgbaston, 
printed the rime in full at S"''* S. v. 18. It was 
written by John Collins, and entitled ' The Chapter 
of Kings.' The concluding verse ran : — 
Queen Ann was victorious by land and sea. 
And Georgy the first did with glory sway, 
And as Georgy the second has long been dead, 
Long life to the Georgy we have in his stead, 

And may his son's sons to the end of the chapter 
All come to be Kings in their turn. 
Collins died in 1808.] 

Pavo Septentrionis. — I should be glad of 
references to any early writers applying this 
term to Robert Neville, or to any earlier than 
Leland styling his younger brother "Daw 



Raby 



J. T. F. 



%ti^\itu 



THE KING'S WEIGH HOUSE. 
(9"iS. X. 427; xi. 31, 56.) 
By raising a point in your columns 
upon which opinions are so divergent one 
has the satisfaction of "sowing beside all 
waters"; so that my statement as to the 
Steelyard in Upper Thames Street having 
been so named probably from the weighing 
beam of steel employed there is a fortunate 
one in having elicited a reply from so emi- 
nent an authority as the writer of 'London 
and the Kingdom.' Dr. Sharpe, however, 
does not seem to traverse ray assertion, except 
in regard to the material of which the steel- 
yard was made, for he says that the word 
" came to be applied to the place where the 
king's beam for weighing goods was used." 
But while one is ready to admit, as Dk. 



210 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9'^ s. xi. march i4, im 



Shaepe points out, that statera is the first 
official word found to have been used to 
signify this king's beam — a statement, of 
course, applying to the beam itself — we are 
still left in doubt, owing to the conflicting 
opinions of other London historians, as to the 
origin of the name of the place where the 
statera was used. With regard to a frequently 
accepted explanation that the word, as ap- 
plied to the depot of the German merchants, 
is an anglicized corruption of the German 
Sta'pel-hof, a sort of goods yard, thus stapel 
contracted to stael, and Ao/=yard, one may 
certainly adduce in its favour some respect- 
able authorities. Among these are Brayley 
in his ' London and Middlesex,' Herbert's 
' Twelve liivery Companies,' Wheatley (and 
Lambecius, quoted by Wheatley), and Pen- 
nant. But they all fail to cite a single docu- 
ment containing this word. On the other 
hand, the learned historian Dr. Johann Lap- 
penberg, in his ' Authentic History of the 
Steelyard ' (' Urkundliche Geschichte des 
Hansischen Stahlhofes zu London '), con- 
sistently speaks of the " Stahlhof " or "Stahl- 
hofe," nowhere, I think, alluding to the 
"Staelhof." And as to steel being the prin- 
cipal product in which these merchants 
trafficked, that article is nowhere commented 
upon as being the staple commodity imported 
by the Hanse merchants. On the contrary, 
if the place had been named after the prin- 
cipal article of commerce that passed through 
their hands, either wool or iron would doubt- 
less have suggested a name, for the gild in 
its prosperity is said to have exported ann ually 
40,000 pieces of cloth, whilst all the English 
merchants united exported only 11,000 pieces. 
And as to imports. Pennant — who, while 
countenancing the "Stapel-hof " notion, says 
"the name of the wharf is not taken from 
steel "—adds that in his time the place was 

"the great repository of the imported iron which 
furnishes our metropolis with that necessary- 
material. The quantity of bars that fill the yards 
and warehouses of this quarter strike with astonish- 
ment the most indifferent beholder."— Ed. 1790, 
p. 306. 

So also Thomas Allen in his ' Hist, and An- 
tiquities of London,' 1828, vol. iii. p. 514. 
And still less probable is it that in the 
earliest stages of its history the gild imported 
steel in sufficient quantities to suggest the 
name for the depot, for the great antiquity 
of the German trade must not be overlooked. 
Its merchants are known to have settled here 
before the year 9ti7, a regulation of King 
Ethelred of that date declaring that " the 
Emperor's men or Easterlings, coming with 
their ships to Belin's-gate, shall be accounted 



worthy of good laws" (' Histor. Reminiscences 
of the City of London,' by Thomas Arundell, 
1869, p. 22). 

Miss Helen Zimmern, in her ' Story of the 
Hansa Towns,' 1889, states, without, however, 
citing her authorities, that it has been now 
pretty well established that the name 
Steelyard took its rise from the fact that on 
this spot stood the great balance of the City 
of London known as the Steelyard, on which 
all exported or imported merchandise had to 
be officially weighed. It was after the Treaty 
of Utrecht in 1474 that the German factory 
first took its name, from the circumstance 
that its domain was then greatly enlarged.^ 

The interesting problem therefore remains 
without a solution, namely, was the Steelyard 
employed by the merchants of Almaine 
at their depot in Thames Street made 
wholly of steel? And if so, was it a yard 
in length, as the name would certainly 
seem to indicate ? Further, when was the 
name of the weighing instrument transferred 
to the place where it was used 1 and why 
should not " Steelyard " be a corruption of 
Easterling-yard for brevity's sake, by trans- 
posing the'first four letters of " Easterling," 
and adding the letter 1 1 There is a steel- 
yard from Caria in the Grseco-Roman Depart- 
ment of the British Museum which is about 
3ft. 4 in. long, English measure; and I 
myself saw one unearthed on the site of 
Messrs. Pilkington's glass factory in LTpper 
Thames Street in 1890, which, if I remember 
rightly, was less than 2 ft. in length, with an 
incised ornamentation. I believe, though I 
may be wrong, that no example of the 
English Steelyard of a yard in length exists 
in any museum in this country, certainly not 
in the City and British museums. There is 
a good account of the Steelyard at the time 
it was demolished, by T. C. Noble, in the 
Builder of 5 September, 1863 ; and works on 
the Hanseatic League which might be use- 
fully consulted are: ' Histoire,Commercialo 
de la Ligue Hanseatique,' par Emile Worms, 
1864; Slallet, 'La Ligue Hanseatique'; 
Schlozer, ' Verfall und Untergang der Hansa' ; 
and McCullough's ' Diet, of Commerce,' 1882. 

J. HOLDEN MacMiCHAEL. 



Ancient Demesne or Cornwall Fee (g^*" 
S. X. 443 ; xi. 153).— The Hundred Rolls of 
3 Edward I. contain many entries such as 
the following: "The Manor of Sidbury was 
anciently part of the king's demesne, but the 
Dean and Chapter now hold the same in 
regard to the Manor of Nether Ottery." 
From this it may be gathered that the 
memory of their origin clung to some estates 



g'l'S. XI March 14, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



211 



after they had passed into the hands of sub- 
jects, and they were occasionally improperly 
described as royal demesne or ancient 
demesne, as the case might be. 

There was, however, a great difference 
between ancient demesnes and royal de- 
mesnes. Ancient demesnes, at least in the 
county of Devon, are the original areas of 
settlement set apart for the use of the Crown, 
whereas royal demesnes are those set apart 
for the support of the queen and members of 
the royal family (the earls). Until the statute 
was passed abolishing feudal tenures there 
could be no mistake about the position of 
the two. 

Domesday shows that North Tawton was 
ancient demesne of the Crown, whereas South 
Tawton at that time was only a royal demesne, 
and was held before 1066 by Harold. I should 
infer from the fact named by Miss Lega- 
Weekes that South Tawton is sometimes 
described as ancient demesne that it may 
have originally formed part of the ancient 
demesne of North Tawton. 

Mr. Whale asserts that South Tawton, 
which Henry I. gave to Rosaline de Beau- 
mont, formed part of Queen Isabella's dowry 
in the reign of Henry II. Supposing this to 
be established, it would only account for 
South Tawton when in the hands of a sub- 
ject being improperly described as "royal 
demesne," not as "ancient demesne," except 
for the suggestion made above. But what 
evidence is there that the queen's dowry 
came from South Tawton rather than from 
North Tawton ? The authorities are all clear 
about Henry I. granting South Tawton to 
Rosaline de Beaumont. But where is there 
any mention of a reserved rent of 13^., or of 
the king's awarding such a reserved rent 
first to the queen, then to the Ear) of Corn- 
walH Oswald J. Reichel. 

Quotation Wanted (9^'' S. xi. 170).— 

Distinct, but distant— clear, but oh how cold ! 
From ' Sun of the Sleepless,' Byron's ' Hebrew 
Melodies.' Feancis P. Marchant. 

Henslowe's 'Diary' (9*^ S. xi. 169).— Mr. 
Sidney Lee in the 'D.N.B.,' xxvi. 138, 
with regard to Philip Henslowe's much 
mutilated MS. diary states that 

"Mr. G. F. Warner, in his 'Catalogue of the 
Dulwich MSS.,' has pointed out all the forgeries, 
some of which unwarrantably introduce the names 
of Nashe, Webster, and other dramatists. A letter 
at Dulwich purporting to be written by Marston to 
Henslowe is also a forgery." 

A. R. Bayley. 

Magic Ring (9^'' S. xi. 109).— The Sultan 
Amurath possessed a ring, given him by the | 



Genius Syndarac, which " marked out to him 
the boundaries of good and evil," by con- 
tracting and pressing his finger whenever he 
was engaged in any evil action. See ' The 
Adventurer,' xx. It was the Bracelet of 
Memory, in Miss Edgeworth's ' Rosamond,' 
that by means of a clockwork alarum pricked 
the wearer at any set time as a reminder. 

G. E. D. 

This incident occurs in the story of 'Le 
Prince Cheri,' one of the ' Contes des Fees ' 
of Madame Leprince de Beaumont. 

E. E. Street. 

The curious ring in general use amongst 
the young men in Zululand exactly answers 
George Eliot's description. It is of conical 
outline, and is worn much as a thimble might 
be. Made of soft straw plaiting, all is covered 
and held together on the outside by broad 
slips of coloured grass, fastened at the top 
by a knob of twine. Although I have only 
seen them worn by the Zulus, their singular 
aids to virtue are stated to be common 
amongst other tribes in South Africa. 

The article is well known by a compre- 
hensive name amongst old colonists, but I do 
not find the native one recorded in Gibbs's 
'Zulu Vocabulary,' the only phrase-book I 
possess upon that language. 

Forty years ago an advertising quack 
doctor lived in Berners Street, W. He made 
a speciality of the ailments of debilitated 
young men, and was accustomed, I well 
recollect, to supply patients with a ring 
that, under given conditions, pricked its 
wearer, and was thus declared by him to be 
a check to sundry ills the flesh is heir to. 

Harry Hems. 

Fair Park, Exeter. 

This subject appeared in 5*^*^ S. iii. 149, and 
reference was given in the reply (p. 194) to 
vol. ix. New Series of the publications of the 
Royal Society of Literature, also the 3Ian- 
chester Guardian, 6 July, 1874. 

EvERARD Home Coleman. 

71, Brecknock Road. 

Thomas Harrison, Regicide (9'*^ S. xi. 88). 
— Some interesting information respecting 
the wife and family of this Civil War worthy 
was given some years since in the ' Cheshire 
Sheaf,' by the late Mr. J. P. Earwaker. From 
what is there stated we gather that the 
regicide was born about the year 1616, and 
in or shortly before 1648 married Katherine, 
daughter and heiress of Ralph Harrison, of 
Highgate, in Middlesex. It is not known if 
Ralph Harrison, who died in May, 1656, was 
in any way related to his son-in-law, but it ig 



212 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9'" s. xi. march m, im 



thought that there was a distant connexion 
between the two families. Several children 
were born of this marriage, but all appear to 
have died in infancy, their burials being regis- 
tered at St. Anne's, Blackfriars, London, in 
which parish the regicide was living between 
the years 1649 and 1653. Within two years 
of his death, at the end of 1662, Katherine 
Harrison, widow, married, probably at 
St. Anne's, Blackfriars, Robert Barrow, of St. 
Giles's, Cripplegate. In the licence for this 
marriage (Faculty Office) Robert Barrow is 
described as "widower, aged 40," and Kathe- 
rine Harrison as *' widow, aged 35." Her 
second husband, who is also known as 
" Colonel Robert Barrow," made his will on 
4 April, 1670, and in it describes himself as 
of " Haggerston, in the parish of Hackney, 
CO. Middlesex, esq." This was proved on 
9 April, 1673, by his widow, who is described 
as " Katherine Leigh, alias Barrow, the relict," 
she having already, some time between Octo- 
ber, 1672, and April, 1673, married her third 
husband, Dr. Thomas Legh, son of Col. 
Henry Legh, of High Legh, co. Chester. On 
7 May, 1700, letters of administration were 
granted to "Thomas Legh, lawful husband 
of Catherine Legh, late of High Legh, co. 
Chester, deceased." It does not seem that 
the thrice-married Katherine left surviving 
issue by any of her husbands. 

From the same source we learn that the 
regicide was the son and heir of Bichard 
Harrison, a successful and respectable butcher 
who held the office of Mayor of Newcastle- 
under-Lyme four times between 1626 and 
1648, and who died in 1653 — thus in part 
at least confirming the statement in 'The 
Mystery of the Good Old Cause ' which says, 
respecting Harrison, that he was "a man of 
very mean birth, being the son of a butcher 
in or near Newcastle-under-Lime." At the 
same time the tradition that he was a native 
of Nantwich, in Cheshire, is shown to have 
no basis. W. D. Pink. 

Lowtoii, Newton-le-Willows. 

Noble, ' Lives of the Regicides,' says that 

Harrison left a wife and children in a state 

of destitution. His sole legacy, apparently, 

was a Bible. It would be interesting to know 

whence Noble derived his information. 

Fkancis p. Marchant. 
Brixton Hill. 

Many articles have appeared in ' N. it Q.' 
with reference to Thomas Harrison, but only 
the under-mentioned refer to his posterity. 
His son Samuel is named in Z^'^ S. ii. 374, and 
copies of the death registers of three sons, 
with particulars of other members of the 



family, will be found in 6''' S. ii. 382. The 
marriage of his granddaughter to Thomas 
Willing, on 16 July, 1704, is given in P' S. ix. 
350. EvERARD Home Coleman. 

71, Brecknock Road. 

'English Kings: an Estimate ' O"^"^ S. xi. 
148). — The book which H. A. B. means is 
probably 'Estimates of the English Kings 
from William the Conqueror to George III,' 
by J. Langton Sanford, &c., published in 
1872 by Messrs. Longmans, Green & Co. The 
' Estimates ' originally appeared in the >S^ec- 
tator. I shall be happy to lend H. A. B. my 
copy. T. M. Fallow. 

Coatham, Redcar. 

The following is most probably the book 
required. It is now out of print, but is no 
doubt easily procurable second-hand, 'Esti- 
mates of the English Kings from William the 
Conqueror to George III.,' by J. Langton 
Sanford (Longmans, 1872). These 'Estimates' 
were reprinted from the Spectator. 

Wm. H. Peet. 
[Replies also from M. F. H., 0. 0. H., and others.] 

PdRCELL Family (9'^'^ S. x. 386 ; xi. 14, 58). 
— Unable to visit Westminster, I am yet able 
to state on the authority of Dart (1723) that 
a shield, with Purcell and Peters arms baron 
and femme, is to be seen underneath the well- 
known inscription : — 

" Here lyes Henry Purcell Esq' Who left this 
Life And is gone to that Blessed Place where only 
his Harmony can be exceeded. Obijt 21™° die 
Novembris Anno ^tatis suae 37™° Annoq Dom': 
1695." 

The Purcell arms there are : " Barry wavy 

of six and ; on a bend three boars' 

heads couped." "The plates in the book are 
not coloured. For the colour difficulty, and 
the genealogical question thereby raised, see 
the first reference above. It is to be hoped 
that some one will act on Mr. Page's practical 
suggestion. In Purcell's ' Sonatas ' (1683) his 
arms are represented as identical in design 
and colour with those of the Shropshire 
family, a fact which at least may be indicative 
of a belief that he was so descended. There 
is a Shropshire tradition (as yet unproved, 
nor yet disproved) that he was born at Con- 
dover in that county. Musicus. 

Equation of Time (9'^'' S.. xi. 128).— This 
is due principally to two causes : the varying 
velocity of the earth in its orbit according to 
its distance from the sun, and the obliquity 
of the ecliptic or earth's orbit to the equator 
— for time must be reckoned by angles of 
which the apex is the pole of the earth's rota- 
tion, not that of its orbit in which the sun 



gti- S. XL March 14, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



213 



appears to move. In consequence of these 
causes the solar day is variable in length, but 
clocks must be constructed to go as nearly as 
possibleuniformly,raakingeach day of twenty- 
four hours of the average or mean length of 
a solar day ; hence time so reckoned is called 
by astronomers mean time, and is that which 
would be shown by a fictitious sun travelling 
along the equator at the same average rate 
as the real sun in the ecliptic. Now the first 
of the above causes would put the true and 
fictitious suns together, or make the equation 
of time nothing, when the earth is at its 
greatest and least distances from the sun 
(the aphelion and perihelion of its orbit, as 
they are called), which it now occupies (but 
this is subject to a slow change) at the begin- 
ning and middle of the year (more exactly on 
4 January and 3 July). The second cause by 
itself would bring the true and fictitious suns 
together four times a year, at the equinoxes 
and solstices. The combination of the two 
produces these coincidences (or reduces the 
equation of time to nothing) on 16 April, 
15 June, 2 September, and 25 December, 
which dates will, in process of time, become 
later, in consequence of the motion of the 
line of apsides of the earth's orbit. 

W. T. Lynn. 

Blackheath. 

There is nothing "arbitrary " at Christmas 
or any when ; nor is the equation always "at 
zero on Christmas Day." If Mr. Wilson will 
turn to the ' Explanation ' pages at the end 
of the ' Nautical Almanac ' he will find a clear 
account of apparent time and of the astro- 
nomer's mean time. The "equation'' is the 
difference between these. The earth revolves 
on its axis uniformly, and a perfect clock — 
no clocks are perfect, of course— would always 
complete its revolution of the hands in the 
time of an earth revolution, i.e., would indi- 
cate mean time. But the earth in its orbit 
changes its position in regard to the sun, and, 
moreover, does not move at a uniform pace 
along its orbit. Hence the popular "clock 
before," or "after," the sun of Whitaker and 
its confreres. Clock time and true sun time 
sometimes coincide— this year in April, June, 
September, and December. C. S. Ward. 

Counsellor Lacy, of Dublin (9"^ S. xi. 
149). — John Lacy, son and heir of Piers Lacy, 
of Athlacca, co. Limerick, was born about 
1G45, being aged eight when he and his father 
("of Athleackage "), then aged forty -four, 
were " transplanted " from the co. Limerick 
in 1653. He was admitted to Gray's Inn (his 
father "of Ashlackagh ") 15 December, 1673, 
and to the King's Inns, Dublin, Michaelmas, 



1678. He was the only barrister of the name 
of Lacy admitted to the King's Inns between 
1607 and 1765. Rose Lacy, who married 
Thomas Fitzgerald in 1747, was not the 
daughter of "Counsellor" Lacy, but of 
Francis Lacy, of Dublin, gent., whose will, 
dated 20 June, 1766, was proved in the 
Prerogative Court, Ireland, 28 July the same 
year. He left four daughters and co-heirs : 
(1) Rose, married by licence, 20 February, 
1747/8, Thomas Fitzgerald, of Narraghmore, 
CO. Kildare ; (2) Mary, married by licence, 
24 July, 1749, Daniel Molloy, of Gortacur, 
King's County; (3) Anne; (4) Bridget, married 
Richard Strange. This Francis Lacy had a 
brother Mark Lacy, so they are probablj' the 
younger sons of Thomas Lacy the elder, and 
grandsons of Walter Lacy, referred to in 
D'Al ton's ' King James's Irish Army List,' 
vol. ii. p. 391. G. D. B. 

Constantinople (9^^ S. xi. 68, 152).— I was 
long inclined, with the writer in ' Chambers's 
Encycloppedia,' to regard the derivation of 
Istamboul from ets rrjv ttoAiv as " fanciful." 
But it seems to be proved bej'Ond question 
by the parallel Stanco, which appears in old 
(and perhaps some recent) maps as the name 
for the island of Cos. St^nco clearly = ets t^i' 
Kwv, and the last lingering doubt is removed 
by L. L. K.'s observation at the last reference 
that AtfiTjt/ becomes in Turkish limdn. Other- 
wise one would still ask why ets r-qv ttoAiv 
should make Stamboul rather than St^mboul. 

S G. Hamilton. 

Thackeray and ' Vanity Fair ' (9'^ S. xi. 
128). — In Admiral Lord Collingwood's 
'Correspondence,' fifth edition, vol. i. pp. 
141, 142 (letter to J. E. Blackett, Esq., from 
Dreadnought off Ushant, 4 February, 1805), 
there is the following paragraph : — 

" If the country gentlemen do not make it a point 
to plant oaks wherever they will grow, the time 
will not be very distant when, to keep our Navy, 
we must depend entirely on captures from the 
enemy. You will not be surprised to hear that 
most of the knees which were used in the Hibernia 
were taken from the Spanish ships captured on the 
14th February ; and what they could not furnish 
was supplied by iron. I wish every body thought 
on this subject as I do ; they would not walk 
through their farms without a pocketful of acorns 
to drop in the hedgesides, and then let them take 
their chance." 

This answers Mr. Kitton's query on this 
subject. Harry B. Poland. 

Temple. 

" Latude's beard and whiskers." Would 
not this refer to Henry Mazers de Latude, a 
Frenchman, who was confined in the Bastille 
and other prisons during thirty-five years? 



214 



NOTES AND QUERIES, [e'- s. xi. march m, im 



He died at Paris in 1805. See Davenport's 
' Historj' of the Bastille and its Principal 
Captives,' 1838. Everard Home Coleman. 
71, Brecknock Road. 

" Sandwich " (5th g_ ^i. 508).— So long ago 

as 1876, Prof. JNIayor wrote on this word : — 

" It would be curious to trace its history on the 

Continent and to find contemporary authority 

for its origin." 

A quotation from Gibbon's ' Journal ' of 24 
November, 1762, is added. The General 
Indexes do not show any further allusion to 
the history of word or thing. Several months 
ago an English magazine* published an 
article on eighteenth - century London, 
founded on Grosley's account of his visit to 
this country, from which I gathered that that 
vivacious chronicler gave a definite date to 
the origin of the thing. I have glanced 
through Grosley's book, but could not find 
the passage. I hope one of your readers may 
have better success. 

A few years ago the question was raised 
in the Intermediaire (xxxiv. 666) whether 
sandwich in French is masculine or feminine. 
Has the point been decided 1 Q. V. 

"Should he upbraid" (9* S. xi. 147).— 
About sixty-five years ago, I purchased this 
song (now before me) at Messrs. Goulding & 
D'Alraaine's, 20, Soho Square. According to 
the title-page "it was sung by Miss M. Tree, 
in Shakespear's Play of the two Gentlemen 
of Verona," and by Miss Stephens at the 
concerts, festivals, &c. 

Everard Home Coleman. 
71, Brecknock Road. 

'The Burial op Sir John Moore' (9'*' S. 
xi. 10.5, 143).- Referring to the Rev. Charles 
Wolfe's poem on this subject, the following 
extract from Gibson's 'History of Cork' 
(vol. ii. p. 418) may prove interesting : — 

"I see by an unpublished letter of Charles Wolfe, 
that he sent a copy of these lines to his friend Jolin 
Taylor, at the Rev. Mr. Armstrong's, Clonoulty, 
Cashel, on the 16th of September, 1816 :— 

' My dear John.— I have com]ileted ' The Burial of 
Sir John Moore,' and will here inflict them upon you. 
You have no one but yourself to blame (for praising 
the two stanzas) that I told you so much." 

Again, p. 417 :— 

"I visited the grave [Wolfe's! a second time, 
accomi)anied by a literary friend, who told me the 
following anecdote of his elegy on the burial of Sir 
John Moore : — 

"'Charles Wolfo showed me the lines in manu- 
scni)t, with the beauty of which he [.«V] was so 
impressed that 1 requested a copy for insertion in a 

I did not make a note at the time, unfortu- 
nately. 



periodical with which I had some connexion. Wolfe 
first refused, but was persuaded to comply. I laid 
the verses before some two or three savants, who 
were in the habit of pronouncing on what should, 
and what should not, appear in the periodical. The 
lines were read, ridiculed, and condemned, and I 
was laughed at for imagining such "stuff" worthy of 
publication. I felt myself in an awkward position, 
but I took courage to return the manuscript, and to 
tell Charles Wolfe that on more mature considera- 
tion, I did not think the periodical I had named 
worthy of its insertion.' " 

The remains of Charles Wolfe lie within 
the walls of the old unroofed church of 
Clonrael, about a mile from Queenstown, 
county of Cork. Gibson says : — 

"Wolfe's tomb lies in a dark corner, overgrown 
with nettles, and sadly in need of the friendly 
chisel of some old, or new, ' Mortality.' " 

William C. Cooke. 
Vailima, Bishopstown, Cork. 

The hoax played on the editor of Truth in 
respect to the alleged French original of this 
poem — of which A. N. Q. seems quite un- 
conscious—deserves some notice. The present 
generation cannot be expected to be au courant 
with the light literature of pre-Victorian days, 
but some of your readers have heard, no doubt, 
of the Rev. Francis Sylvester Mahony, better 
known as "Father Prout of Watergrass hill," 
whose playful translations of well-known 
poems were among the attractions of Fraser''s 
Magazine and Bentley's Miscellany in early 
times. 

In 1834 Father Prout contributed to Fraser 
some articles on ' The Rogueries of Tom 
Moore,' in which some of Moore's best-known 
songs were rendered into French or Latin, 
and Moore was wittily accused of plagiarism. 
"Go where glory waits thee" was alleged to 
be taken from the French chanson "Va oii 
la gloire t'invite," written by an apocryphal 
Fran9oise de Foix, Comtesse de Chateau- 
briand ; " O ! 'twas all but a dream of the 
past," was represented as a translation of 
" Tu n'as fait, 6 mon coeur ! qu'un beau 
songe,'' by the Marquis de Cinquemars ; and 
"Lesbia hath a beaming eye" — otherwise 
'Nora Creina' — was stated to have been 
copied from a Latin poem written by Father 
Prout on an Irish milkmaid — " In pulchram 
lactiferam" — beginning : — 

Lesbia semper hie et inde 
Oculorum tela movit. 

No one, however, who was not stolidly matter- 
of-fact, would have supposed that these 
articles were more than a clever joke. 

When Bentlei/s Miscellany was started in 
January, 1837, Father Prout contributed to 
the first number some admirable skits of a 
similar character. The third of these will be 



9'" S. XL March 14, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



215 



found at pp. 96, 97 of the first volume, and is 
entitled 'The Original of "Not a Drum was 
Heard."' After giving the Beaumanoir story 
— which was, of course, a pure invention — 
ending with "Fides sit penes lectorem,'' there 
followed an excellent French version of Wolfe's 
well-known poem, containing the stanza cited 
ante, p. 105, from the paragraph in Truth. 
One should feel surprised that the editor of 
Truth had been taken in, were it not that 
the Spectator — an essentially literary paper — 
was caught in the same trap some years ago. 
It may amuse some of your readers who 
are interested in clever translations to turn 
to the complete edition of the ' Keliques of 
Father Prout' or to the volumes of Fraser 
for 1834 and of Bentleijs Miscellany for 1837. 
An account of Francis Sylvester Mahony and 
his writings will be found in the 'D.N.B.' 

Edmund T. Bewley. 

The verse on the above subject quoted 
from Truth is taken from the ' Keliques ' of 
Father Prout, where the whole poem is given 
in French, entitled ' Les Funerailles de Beau- 
manoir.' 

It is nothing but one of the clever mysti- 
fications of which Mahony was so fond. 

T. F. Fey. 

Dorothy Gifford = JohnPagett (9"' S. xi. 
128). — Dorothy Gifford was not related to 
Elizabeth Gifford, who married Sir Peter 
Courthope. Sir Peter Courthope, of Little 
Island, CO. Cork, who was knighted 16 March, 
1(j60/1, married as his second wife, by licence, 
Dublin, 14 Julj^ 1662, Elizabeth, onlydaughter 
of Sir John Gilford, of Castle Jordan, co. Meath 
(who was knighted 16 January, 1635/6, and 
died 24 April, 1657), by his wife Elizabeth, 
eldest daughter of Sir John Jephson, of 
Mallov/, CO. Cork, who was knighted 18 De- 
cember, 1603 {not 18 October, as in Metcalfe's 
'Book of Knights'). The name Dorothy 
does not occur in the family of Gifford of 
Castle Jordan. G. D. B. 

Bacon-Shakespeare Question (9*''' S. ix. 
141, 202, 301, 362. 423 ; x. 43, 124, 201, 264, 362, 
463; xi. 122). — Me. Crawford in the article 
at the last reference so strangely and indeed 
injuriously misrepresents the arguments and 
even the contents of my book that I must 
beg the favour of being permitted to expose 
some of his errors. He says that I give a 
collection of 230 words " as of Bacon's 
coinage." And this is important, for if, in 
this and the other instances which Me. 
Crawford presents, there is no claim on my 
part that Bacon coined the words or phrases 
on which Mr. Crawford comments, his entire 
criticism falls to the ground. Your readers 



will be surprised to learn that my book con- 
tains no such collection at all. Tlie list of 
2.30 words which I have given is not a list of 
words coined by Bacon, but of words used in 
Shakespeare in a classic sense, not exactly 
corresponding to their ordinary use. Mr. 
Crawford might have seen that this is the 
import of these words, even if he had only 
so far inspected them as to notice, what he 
himself points out, that "in most cases I 
forget to show where Bacon uses them in his 
acknowledged works." Some attempt to do 
this would certainly be necessary if I claimed 
the words as coined by Bacon. I cannot find 
any excuse for Mr. Crawford's enormous 
blunder. For (1) I expressly point out that 
the list includes (and I might have added 

chiefly includes) " ordinary English words 

carrying a larger import than their vernacular 
employment can account for." (2) I myself 
refer to Ben Jonson, Hooker, Spenser, Raleigh, 
and others as using many of these words, 
and I quote passages proving this. (3) As 
the list contains such words as act, extra- 
vagant, comfort, inequality, inform, permission, 
and a large number of equally familiar terms, 
the inaccuracy of jVIr. Crawford's asser- 
tion is " gross and palpable." (4) I nowhere 
enter upon the philological aspects of the 
argument, and very rarely do I lay any 
stress upon Bacon's originality in the use 
either of words or phrases in which paral- 
lelisms are pointed out between him and 
Shakesyjeare. I admit that other writers may 
be found using the same phrases or words. 
My argument depends on the multitude of 
parallels, and not on the irresistible evidence 
of any one or any number. I am careful to 
explain this in many passages of my book, 
e.g. : " No two writers help themselves in pre- 
cisely the same way to the current phrases and 
notions that may be floating in the air at the 
time." Currency is thus expressly admitted. 

I do not think Mr. Crawford's style of 
critical analysis can be easily justified on 
literary, or even on ethical grounds. He 
either misstates, or understates, or leaves 
entirely unstated, the real points of my in- 
stances. For example, he speaks of my " quite 
accidental discovery" of the phrase "out of 
tune " in Bacon's ' Novum Organum,' com- 
paring it with Shakespeare's 

Like sweet bells jangled, out of tune and harsh. 
He is careful not to quote the Latin, which 
is absolutely necessary for a clear statement 
of the case— cfwras ei absonas. And this is only 
half represented by ]\Ir. Crawford's "out of 
tune." And he leaves out the curious signi- 
ficance of the fact that in two successive 
aphorisms in the first book of the ' Nov. Org.' 



216 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9"- s. xi. marcu i^ im. 



there are remarkable echoes of ideas and 
phrases which are to be found in ' Hamlet.' 
Aphorism xxvii. has, "Si homines etiam in- 
sanii'ent ad unum modum et conformiter, 
illi satis bene inter se congruere possent." 
And Aphorism xxviii. speaks of " opiniones 
duras et absonas." 

What the Clown in ' Hamlet ' says about 
Hamlet s supposed madness is irresistibly re- 
called by the first of these aphorisms ; and 
Ophelia's lament by the second. 

Now, in view of the inadequate and unfair 
comments of Mr. Crawford, I venture to 
request your readers to verify any criticism 
he makes before believing it. 

R. M. Theobald. 

32, Lee Terrace, S.E. 

Watchhouses for the Prevention of 
BoDYSNATCHiNG (9^^ S. X. 448 ; xi. 33, 90).— At 
Warblington, Hants, close to Havant, and 
only a few miles from Plymouth, there are in 
the churchyard two watchhouses, said to 
have been erected for this purpose. In the 
churchyard of Long Ashton, some two miles 
from Bristol, I was shown, some forty five 
years ago, a ledger stone, 6 ft. by 2 ft. or there- 
abouts, and weighing several hundredweights, 
which I was informed had, within living 
memory, been habitually laid on all new 
graves to prevent their being rifled by body- 
snatchers from Bristol. 

James R. Bramble, F.S.A, 

Weston-super-Mare. 

The ancient Round Tower of Abernethy, 
near Perth, was used for watching graves by 
night, its curious door — some feet from the 
ground and having inclining jambs— being 
greatly disfigured by the erection of iron 
bars encasing it, and leading by a passage of 
cage-like bars to the outside of the churchyard. 
This for safety of watchers on going to give 
the alarm. At Crail (Fifeshire) is a church- 
yard watch-tower, I think built for the pur- 
pose at the Hare and Burke period, but I may 
be wrong as to its date. Ibague. 

Sans Pareil Theatre (9"^ S. xi. 110).— Is 
the editorial note correct in stating that this 
theatre was first founded in 1802? I find no 
mention of it in 'The Picture of London for 
1&0.3,' and Peter Cunningham, in his ' London,' 
certainly says that 

"it was built on speculation by Mr. John Scott, 
a colour maker, and first ojiened 27 November, 
1806._ Although not identical with Dibdin's theatre 
the Sans Souci, it had something in common with 
it in that Scott oljtained iiis licence from the Lord 
Chamberlain, for performances similar to those 
given to the public by the sea-song writer, with the 
addition of dancing and pantomime. The perform- 
ances and compositions of Miss Scott at the Sans 



Pareil were considered highly interesting and 
ingenious."— 'The Picture of London for 1818.' 

When 'Tom and Jerry,' by Pierce Egan, 
appeared for the first time (26 November, 
1821), Wrench as Tom, and Reeve as Jerry, 
the Adelphi, as it had since 1819 been 
known, became a favourite with the public. 
Its fortunes varied under different manage- 
ments. In July, 1825, Terry and Yates 
became the joint lessees and managers. 
Terry was backed by Sir Walter Scott and 
his friend Ballantyne the printer, but Scott 
in the sequel had to pay for both Ballantyne 
and himself to the amount of 1,750^. See 
Cunningham's ' London,' 1850, for its other 
interesting associations. 

J. Holdbn MacMichael. 

As supplementary to the editorial note 
upon the above subject, I would refer Mr. 
W. Barclay Squire to the 'Era Almanack' 
for 1877, where in 'The Playgoers' Portfolio" 
the late Mr. E. L. Blanchard occupies nearly 
ten pages with a history of the Adelphii 
Theatre, starting from the small theatre 
erected by Mr. John Scott, who obtained the 
lease in 1802 of the property upon the sit© 
of which it was built, until November, 1876'j, 
when the publication in which it appears; 
went to press. There is a rare fund of 
theatrical information literally crammed into> 
the few pages devoted to it, and most useful 
to any one interested in such matters, andl 
certainly not easily procurable elsewhere. 
W. E. Harland-Oxley.. 

C2, The Almshouses, Rochester Row, S.W. 

Cornish Rimes in an Epitaph (9''' S'..xf. 
146). — In an excellent little book on 'Corn- 
wall,' by Mr. Arthur L. Salmon, just pub- 
lished by Messrs. Methuen& Co., 1903, p. 203>. 
these lines are said to have been thus, trans- 
lated : — 

Eternal life be his whose loving care 

Gave Paul an almshouse and the church repair; 

W. C. B, 

Retarded Germination of Seeds (9'^*' S. x. 
287, 358 ; xi. 53, 155).- The tale of the poppy 
of Lauriura, exterminated by the slag from 
the silver mines, as told by a Roman natu- 
ralist (Pliny 1), does not seem to be familiar to 
Mr. Dormer. The further assertion is that 
in the nineteenth century this expanse of 
slag was cleared away to be resmelted, and 
that the yellow poppy of Laurium reappeared. 
There is a more wondeiful story about dor- 
mant seeds. In a Dorset barrow among a 
man's bones (his diagnosis is evident) was 
found a lump of raspberry seeds. Some of 
these came up in a hotbed, under the care ■ 
of Dr. Lindley the botanist. "Per contra,'" 



9'^ S. XI. March 14, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



217 



the scientists of the present day assert that 
seeds lose all vitality after a very few years. 
But then (to be sure) the scientists accepted 
De Rougemont. H. J. Moule. 

Dorchester. 

Crooked Usage, Chelsea (9"' S. x. 147, 
253, 417, 474 ; xi. 34).— I do not think that a 
crooked ridge or plough-land or balk would 
be so peculiar as to give a name to a path 
made upon it, unless the double curve 
which exists in all lands that have been 
ploughed by oxen may have been broken in 
some specially noticeable way. Some such 
reason seems to have existed for the name of 
one or perhaps two grass strips which were 
frequently given as boundaries in a tillage 
field in Sutton in Holderness, where Crookt 
Mear Balk, Crook Marr Balk, and Crook- 
marheadland seem to indicate what are 
sometimes called "balks and marstales in 
the common fields." Thos. Blashill. 

Garret Johnson (9'^'' S. xi. 127).— Geraert 
Janssen, or Gerard Johnson, executed the 
famous portrait-bust of Shakespeare in the 
church at Stratford-on-Avon between the 
years 1616, the date of the poet's death, 
and 1623, when Leonard Digges— in his com- 
mendatory verses to the First Folio — wrote 
that Shakespeare's works would be alive 

[When] Time dissolves thy Stratford monument. 
Johnson, a naturalized Englishman of Dutch 
descent, resided in the parish of St. Thomas 
the Apostle, Southwark, near the Globe 
Theatre. He was probably brother of Ber- 
nard Janssen or Jansen (fl. 1610-30), for whom 
see the 'D.N.B.'; and either he or his father 
is mentioned in the ' Diary ' of Sir W. Dugdale, 
edited by W. H. Hamper, 1827, p. 99. 

A. R. Bayley. 

Garret is a form of the Christian name 
Gerald, and Gerald Johnson is familiar to 
us as the sculptor of Shakespeare's monu- 
ment in the chancel of Holy Trinity Church, 
Stratford-upon-Avon. This man was, accord- 
ing to Halliwell-Phillipps (' Outlines of the 
Life of Shakespeare,' p. 258), "the son of a 
native of Amsterdam who had settled in 
England as ' a torabemaker ' in the previous 
II' gn, and who had died in Southwark" a 
lew years before the order for the memorial 
to the poet was given. Gerald Johnson's 
" place of business was near the western door 
of St. Saviour's Church, within a few minutes' 
walk of the Globe Theatre." So much has 
been said against the Stratford monument 
that it is a pleasure to find no mere bungler 
was commissioned to execute it. 

St. Swithin. 



The Original Diocese of New Zealand 
(9"^ S xi. 126). — On a hatchment- shaped 
encaustic tile in the south chancel wall of 
Chesterton Church, Warwickshire, is the 
following inscription :— 

In memory of 

George Augustus fSelwyn 

First Bishop of New Zealand 

Ninetieth Bishop of Lichfield 

Born Ai)ril 5"' Died Aijril 11"> 

1809 1878 

What was Bishop Selwyn's connexion with 
Chesterton'? John T. Page. 

West Haddon, Northamptonshire. 

Fashion in Language (9'*^ S. ix. 228, 352, 
435; X. 251, 337; xi. 156). — C^ire, meaning 
a fool, is from Hindustani through gipsy. 
It is a common word in Hindustani, though 
not in Forbes's 'Dictionary.' In a poem I 
bought in Delhi the lino occurs : " Sampathi 
bipathi bicharke yuu pachtawat Kyu7-" ('' The 
fool is sad, thinking there is a diiference 
between good luck and misfortune. The 
wise man, of course, knows there is no differ- 
ence, since all things are a dream "). I have 
lost my copy of the poem, but I perfectly 
remember the line above quoted. 

W, Watson. 

Newspaper Cuttings changing Colour 
(9'^'" S. xi. 89).— The cheap coarse papers used 
for modern newspapers are very apt to 
become discoloured, but in a tolerably long 
experience of paste and-scissors work I have 
never known a cutting to become illegible 
through discoloration, as air and light are 
the most active enemies, and to a great extent 
these are usuallj^ excluded from a book of 
cuttings. The paste used will sometimes 
cause discoloration : I find fresh starch paste 
and Higgins's photo-mounter quite harmless. 
Gum is bad. Washing the cuttings for a 
time in running water might have a good 
efiect ; I have never tried it. Perhaps the 
rubbishy paper would not stand such an 
ordeal E. Rimbault Dibdin. 

If left exposed to the rays of the sun — 
say in a window recess— cuttings undoubtedly 
change colour, and quickly so, but those 
affixed with hoiue-made paste, tempered by 
a little powdered alum, invariably remain 
unchanged. I happen to possess more than 
26,000 personal newspaper cuttings of my 
own, the earliest dating back thirty - five 
years ago {Building Neivs, 31 January, 1868). 
Looking the whole series through casually, 
I do not find one instance of discoloration, 
although the majority are culled from what 
Mr. F. T. Hibgame defines as " the cheaper 
morning and weekly papers." Still, one of 



218 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9'" s. xi. march i4, im 



the most practical men in all things apper- 
taining to printing that I know has fre- 
quently, in my liearing, stated his belief 
that a combination of poor paper with poor 
ink will result in newspaper cuttings of the 
present day becoming practically illegible a 
hundred years hence. Harry Hems. 

Fair Park, Exeter. 

Pope self-condemned for Heresy (9'*' S. 
xi. 67). — This tale is told of Pope Marcellinus. 
See Von Dollinger, 'Fables concerning the 
Popes in the Middle Ages.' There is a refer- 
ence to the storj'^ in Blackstone, book iii. 
chap. XX., where he alludes to a case in the 
'Year- Books,' temp. Henry VI., where the 
Chancellor of Oxford claimed cognizance of 
an action of trespass against himself, which 
was disallowed, because he should not be 
judge in his ovvn case. Serjeant Rolfe argued 
on behalf of the cognizance, and Blackstone 
.says the argument is curious and worth 
transcribing. The Serjeant speaks in Norman- 
French and quotes Church-Latin. Said he : 

" Jeo V0U3 dirai un fable. En asoun temps fuit 
un pape, et avoit fait un grand offence, et le cardi- 
nals vindrent a luy et disoyent a luy, ' peccasti ": et 
11 dit, ' Judica me,' et lis disoyent ' non possumus, 
quia caput esecclesii'e; judica teipsum'; et Tapostol 
dit 'judico me cremari,' et fait combustus, et apres 
fuit un salnct. Et in ceo cis il fuit son jiige demeue, 
et Issint n'est pas inconvenient que un home solt 
juge demene." 

The other story is silent as to the burning. 
]\rarcellinus is said to have lived in the time 
of Diocletian, and was accused of having 
offered incense to Jupiter. At once a council 
is convened, but the claim is made that only 
the Pope can judge the Pope. He denies his 
guilt, but after much testimony has been 
received admits the truth of the accusation. 
The bishops say to him, " Tu eris judex ; ex 
te enim damnaberis, et ex te justificaberis, 
tamen in nostra preesentia. Prima Sedes non 
judicabitur a quoquam." Thereupon he pro- 
nounces his own deposition. 

John E. Norcross. 
Brooklyn, U.S. 

I cannot tell the origin of the story given 
by A. W., but it is evidently founded'on the 
fact of the self-deposition of Gregory VI. for 
simony. In a synod held at Sutri (1046) 
Gregory related the manner of his own elec- 
tion, and confes.sed he had been guilty of 
simony, but with the best intentions. The 
bishops were unwilling to pronounce sentence 
upon him, the legitimate Pope ; but he him- 
self pronounced his own condemnation, and 
declared that, on account of the bribery which 
had accompanied his election, he then re- 
signed the pontificate. W. T. H. 



' DiscuRSos de la Nobleza de Espana ' 
{^^^ S. xi. 128).— This is the third edition 9f 
a " work on heraldry much appreciated in 
Spain," as Senor F. de Arteaga informs 
us. It is described in Salva's ' Catalogo ' 
(Valencia, 1872), vol. ii. pp. 676-7, and was 
first printed in 1622. X. 



2P[i8r;tIIattje0tt8. 

NOTES ON BOOKS, &o. 

Slang and its Analogues, Past and Present. Com- 
piled and edited by John S. Farmer and W. E. 
Henley. — Vol. V. iV to Bazzle-da^rde. Vol. VI. 
Parts I. and II. (Printed for Subscribers only.) 
It is welcome, indeed, to subscribers, and to all in- 
terested in philology and in folk-speech, to witness 
the resumption of the great work on ' Slang and its 
Analogues ' of Mr. Farmer. Pleasanter still is it to 
find still associated with his name that of Mr. W. E. 
Henley, a brilliant writer and poet, whose colla- 
boration has always been regarded as a guarantee 
of success. Though the fact is comparatively un- 
known, familiarity with slang is a remarkable por- 
tion of Mr. Henley's equipment ; and as the volume 
and two parts which now appear bring the work 
up to slop, we are already within measurable dis- 
tance of completion. It is not a point of criticism, 
but we have personally witnessed the delight with 
which the reappearance of the work has been 
greeted. Our own latest reference to it occurs when 
dealing with vol. iv., 8"> S. ix. 239, where abundant 
testimony to its utility and the recognition 
awarded it in the most influential circles is to 
be found. In the same volume of ' N. & Q,.' 
(see x>. 345) a correspondent whose capacity and 
right to speak on such subjects will be conceded, 
Mr. James Platt, Jun., certified to the justice 
of our comments, and spoke of it in high terms. 
Once more we profess our high admiration for 
the wide range of reading which the illustrations 
indicate. Under patter, in the fifth volume, we 
thus find quotations from ' Alliterative Poems ' 
(Morris, p. 15, 1. 485), circa 1360, 'Piers Plowman's 
Crede,' 'How the Ploughman learned his Pater- 
noster' (Halliwell), Tyndale, [John] Heywood's 
' Godly Queene Hester,' Nashe, Roxburghe Ballads, 
and twenty-three other authorities up to 1897, in 
addition to thirty or more French synonyms. Under 
one word, unquotable here, thirteen columns are 
given, 'and include examples of use from Shakespeare, 
Jonson, Marston, [Thomas] Hey wood, Beaumont 
and Fletcher, Aubrey, Etheredge, and others, down 
to Sir Richard Burton. French equivalents are 
principally from Rabelais, but the authors quoted 
include La Fontaine, Musset, Diderot, and B6ranger. 
Italian, German, and other synonyms are largely 
from Florio and the dictionary makers. It is 
obvious, as we have before indicated, that ' Slang 
and its Analogues,' Dr. Murray's great 'Oxford 
Dictionary,' and Prof. Joseph Wright's 'Dialect 
Dictionary ' must constantly overlap. Though col- 
loquial at the outset, a M'ord such as 7j/«'/«?tcZer, 
which our editors trace to Massinger, has long won 
a place in literature, while philistine is accepted 
in a sense quite different from that recorded. 
Philip and Cheiney, as equivalent to " Tom, Dick, 
and Harry," that is, any and every one, was current 



gt^S. XL March 14, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



219 



in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, but 
would scarcely be now understood. Were we 
writing an essay instead of a notice of a portion of 
a work, we could tind under words such as shake, 
skedaddle, scrawny, &c., matter for endless com- 
ment. In commending this work to philologists it 
must be understood that it is to them and to students 
alone, its value as a supplement to established 
dictionaries is real and high, and there are modern 
authors of repute the perusal of whose works it 
will facilitate. For the general reader, and those 
liable to be aggrieved or shocked by crudity of 
speech, it is not intended. In our last notice we 
were able to state that a few subscriptions might be 
received. Whether this is still the case we know 
not, but the would-be purchaser may easily ascer- 
tain this. To judge by what has already appeared, 
two further volumes should see the completion of 
the work. 

Shakespeare's Plots: a Study in Dramatic Gon- 
struction. By William H. Flenung, A.M. (Put- 
nam's Sons.) 
Mr. Fleming, who is responsible for more than 
one work on Shakespeare, and has edited three 
plays for the " Baukside Edition" of his works, is 
a man of exemplary erudition as well as a devout 
student of Shakespeare's writings. He has, more- 
over, mastered the science of criticism, and quotes 
freely as well as judiciously from previous or con- 
temporary writei's from Aristotle to Amiel. By 
" resolving the play into its constituent parts, and 
then following Shakespeare step by step in his con- 
struction of the drama," he seeks to " preserve the 
rhbtoricalperspective, the balance between the minor 
parts and the plays as complete and perfect Works 
of dramatic Art." This process is so far successful 
that an interesting book is the result. We are far, 
however, from accepting the treatment when 
applied to Shakespeare as convincing. The days 
are past when the homage of Milton is any more 
satisfying than are the misrepresentations and sneers 
of Voltaire. That Shakespeare is a great artist 
has, after being long contested, been conceded. 
When, however, it is attempted to show in his 
work the borders between the protasis, epitasis, peri- 
peteia, katabasis, and katastrophy, and demonstrate 
that Shakespeare conformed to the laws of Aristotle 
or the practice of the " mighty grave tragedians," 
we draw rein, and will not accompany our author 
further in his canter. We concede much that is 
true, but unimportant. If Shakespeare had intro- 
duced the witches of ' Macbeth' into his Roman or 
Italian plays, he would, of course, have made a 
mistake. In such cases, however, he would have 
been false to his originals, and would not, in fact, 
have been Shakespeare. In all that is said about 
the opening scenes in ' Macbeth,' which is one of the 
plays treated at length, the acceptance of Mr. Flem- 
ing's theory means the substitution of method for 
poetic inspiration. In dealing with ' The Merchant 
of Venice' Mr. Fleming again and again uses the 
word " tragic ' : " Its dramatic purpose was to fore- 
shadow the tragic in the play," that is, to fore- 
shadow nothing. There is no more that is tragic 
in 'The Merchant of Venice' than in 'The Two 
Gentlemen of Verona ' or ' As You Like It.' Shake- 
speare would have been but a mean craftsman 
instead of an incoinparableartist had there been such. 
Continually we find ourselves in the perusal of the 
book thinking. What special pleading ! or, What 
extravagance ! Shakespeare needs no such vindica- 



tion or eulogy as is proffered. We own to pleasur- 
able sensations in reading a book which is the work 
of a scholar. We are none the less disposed to say 
of it that there are few things which are not either 
too simple to need restatement or too fantastic to 
win acceptance. 

Memoirs of Count Grammont. By Count Anthony 
Hamilton. Edited by Gordon Goodwin. 2 vols. 
(BuUen.) 
In very ijretty and attractive guise Mr. Bulleu has 
issued a convenient and charming edition of Gram- 
mont's ' Memoirs,' illustrated by one-and-twenty 
well - executed process portraits. The work, an 
acknowledged masterpiece, is equally popular in 
England and in France, and has acquired some 
added reputation in this country since the attempt 
of a society— now, we believe, extinct— to interfere 
with its iDublication. During more than a hundred 
years it lias been a favourite book for illustration, 
and extra -illustrated copies have fetched large 
prices. The portraits now given are admirably 
selected, and comprise Hamilton and Grammont, 
Charles II., the l)uke of Monmouth, St. Evre- 
mond, and the principal among the frail beauties 
of Charles's Court. There is, after Lely, a new, 
very pretty, a,nd— well— dScolletd portrait of Nell 
Gwynne, and another, from the same painter, of 
Moll Davis. Many highly interesting likenesses 
are drawn, by special permission, from the galleries 
of the Duke of Buccleuch, and are virtually un- 
known. One portrait, that of Miss Jennings, is from 
Althorp. yVe can fancy reading these sparkling 
' Memoirs ' in no pleasanter form. The translation 
is that by Boyer, edited by Sir Walter Scott. 
Boyer's work originally appeared, with a nicely 
rubricated title, in 1714, and is now a very scarce 
book, as is the original French edition from which 
it was taken. It differs in many respects from the 
later editions, including the present. The type is 
both pretty and legible to old eyes, and the binding 
and general get-up are excellent. A judicious 
selection of notes is given by Mr. Goodwin, who 
also supplies introductory memoirs. If Mr. Good- 
win would avoid the split infinitive, " to again 
cite Gibbon" and "to eminently qualify him," we 
should look upon the edition as ideal. 

We have received with much pleasure the first 
number of a new quarterly magazine devoted to 
local history. Its title is the Butland Magazine 
and Coimty Historical Record. Judging from the 
sample before us, it ought to be a success. The 
paper on Oakham Church is good, but we prefer 
that entitled ' Some Characteristics of Rutland 
Churches,' which contains information that will be 
quite new to many readers. The notes on trades- 
men's tokens are interesting, but we are sorry to 
say that the plate in our copy is so dark that the 
inscriptions are well-nigh unreadable. 

The Literary Supplement in the Fortnightly 
Review constitutes not seldom the most interesting 
portion of its contents. In the March number it 
is occupied with ' A Man of Honour,' Mr. William 
Somerset Maugham's clever, but realistic and 
satirical play of modern life, recently given by the 
Stage Society. The impression conveyed in reading 
this conforms with that created by its performance. 
Dr. A. R. Wallace shows the theological lessons con- 
veyed in recent astronomical discovery. Mr. J. C. 
Bailey writes on 'Matthew Arnold's Note-Books,' 
and commends Arnold's views in favour of reading 



220 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9«> s. xi. march i4, im 



only the best books, which is equal to living in the 
best company. Arnold himself is said to have read 
every night a canto of ' The Divine Comedy.' ' The 
Happiest of the Poets,' by Mr. W. B. Yeats, deals 
with William Morris, who, if a childlike faith in his 
own ideals constituted hajipiness, might have been 
regarded as such. Morris, however, though free 
from petty jealousies and small unrests, had not the 
equanimity indispensable to hajipiness, or, at least, 
most conducive to it. In Mr. Symons's article on 
' The Painting of the Nineteenth Century ' we find, 
as was to be expected, a eulogy of Mr. Whistler. 
—In concluding, in the Nineteenth Century, his 
'The Raven,' Mr. Bosworth Smith declares that in 
his youth he was " fond of birds, not merely in the 
sense in which Tom Tulliver was ' fond of them' — 
' fond, that is, of throwing stones at them.'" As his 
avowed love consisted in robbing their nests, this 
appears to be a distinction without a difference. 
In these days the plunderer of a nest is as destruc- 
tive as the user of a catapult or gun. In the later 
portion of the article the writer is more merciful, 
and the appeal for protection for wild birds is as 
earnest as it will be, we may be sure, unavailing. 
Not easily is the lust of destruction to be got out of 
the mind of the Briton. Mr. Langton Douglas, in 
, The Real Cimabue,' disposes of the restored 
Cimabue legend, and speaks of that artist as "the 
Mrs. Harris of Florentine painting." ' The Bronte 
Novels ' are the latest victims of the Novocastrian 
style of criticism, such as we are beginning to expect 
in the Nineteenth Century.— The frontispiece to the 
Pall Mall consists of a good portrait of Mr. W^histler, 
following which comes a well-illustrated account of 
the etcher and pastellist M. Paul Cesar Helleu. 
Some striking female portraits are reproduced. 
Lady Randolph Churchill follows with an account 
of 'American Women in Europe' — familiar, if 
attractive objects. Lord Wolseley's 'Genesis of a 
Great Career ' follows Bonaparte's Italian campaign 
to the combat of Dego, 1796. ' President Roosevelt, 
the Man of Duty,' is the subject of an interesting 
paper. ' In the Service of St. Stephen ' describes 
a portion of the duties of a Member of Parliament. 
Tne number contains also a not very convincing 
article on 'Hypnotism' by Mr. Harold Begbie. — 
Under the title 'The Twentieth Century City' 
Scribner's gives an account by pen and pencil of 
New York. The views taken are in spring, winter, 
or twilight, and the general effect produced is that 
of gloom. An excellent account of the coronation 
of the Tsar Alexander III., by Mary King Wad- 
dington, is compounded from the letters of the 
ambassadress of France. ' A Moro Princess ' is not 
very brightly written, but the pictures of spots on 
the Rio Grande del Mindanao are exceptionally 
interesting. An account by Mr. P>nest C. Peixotto 
of ' Marionettes and Puppet Shows, Past and Pre- 
sent,' constitutes pleasant and instructive reading. 
— The Hon. George Peel sends to the Cornhill a 
smartly written account of the Durbar. He has 
some amusing passages concerning " chits " or 
testimonials, and says that the natives think of 
changing their Oriental robes for frock coats and 
tall hats— a sorry hearing, surely. ' Prospects in 
the Professions,' part vii., shows that there is a 
chance for the land agent and the farmer. Mr. 
Shenstone, F.R.S., deals with the advance of 'The 
New Chemistry.' 'Servants and Service in the 
Eighteenth Century ' has an antiquarian flavour. 
* Travels with a T-Square ' is interesting. — In the 
Oentleman's Mr, William Miller describes * Crete 



under the Venetians, 1204-1669.' Mr. Cropper 
writes on ' Inns Past and Present,' and Mr. Philip 
Sidney tells what is known concerning ' The Young 
Pretender in London.' — Mr. Andrew Lang, in Long- 
man's, derides, happily enough, public dinners. He 
maintains also some good philological opinions. — In 
addition to a significant ' Story of a Devil,' by 
Maxime Gorki, the English Illustrated has an 
account of '"Arcady '; Dr. Jessopp's Country,' 
and ' The Caves and Cliffs of Cheddar.' 



Mr. Joseph Henry Shorthouse, whose death we 
in common with all lovers of literature regret, was 
a contributor, though we fail to trace any recent 
communication, to our columns. He was born 
9 September, 1834, and began life as a chemical 
manufacturer in Birmingham, an occupation from 
which he retired. Many works are associated with 
his name, but none shared the popularity of 'John 
Inglesant,' issued in 1881. 

Mr F. Hitchin Kemp, author of 'The Kemp(e) 
Families,' announces a supplement to that work, 
fifty copies of which will be struck off and issued 
from 6, Beechfield Road, Catford, to the first appli- 
cants. The new matter will deal with the Kemp 
and Kempe families of Kent. 



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heading, the series, volume, and page or pages to 
which they refer. Correspondents who repeat 
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F. M. H. K. {" Thackeray's Lord Steyne ").— Lady 
Louisa Howard's letter, from which an extract was 
printed in the Daily Telegraph of 16 February, 
was sent to ' N. & Q' by Lord Sherborne, and 
appeared in full 9'^ S. vii. 250. 

E. R. T. (" Arms of the Isle of Man ").— See P' S. 
iii. 373, 510 ; 2"'^ S. vii. 474 ; 4'^ S. vi. 224 ; 5'^ S. vii. 
309,454; viii. 118. 

B. Hall ("Curse of Scotland ").-See S"" S. iii., 
iv., v., vi., \u.,passi)n. 

Valtyne ("After life'sfitfulfever").—' Macbeth,' 
III. ii. 

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9*1. S. XL May 9, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



361 



LONDON, SATURDAY, MAY 9, 190S. 



CONTENTS.-No. 280 

NOTES : -Chaiic-Ilor Silvan Evans, 3rtl -Billion : Trillion, 
363 — Merry Tales, 3t53— Milton's 'Minor Poems,' 3K5 — 
Bonnet=Toque— "Pip"— Dr. Halley — Music to Mrs. 
Hemans's Songs, 3'iti— Westminster City Arms— Thacke- 
ray's Carefulness as to Details, 367. 

QUERIES :—" Cahoot"— Long Melforrl Church, 3'i7-Pike 
Family — Roman Numerals— Oliver of Leytonstone-Good 
Kriday in 1602 -' Celebrities and I "—Henry II. and Lin- 
coln-Valise's ' Bililiographie <ies Bibliographies'— Dyng- 
ley— " And the villain still pursued her "— Jelf— KelynaeU : 
the Place and Family, .368-" Folks "—" Welter '—Maori 
Legend- J D — Pepys — Kimberleys of Bromsgrove — 
"Delivered from the galling .\oke of time "— Herbert 
Spencer — Man of Wood and Leather — " Paraboue " — 
' A Voice from the Danube '— " Oh, true brave htart," &c., 
369. 

REPLIES : -'The Good Devil of Woodstock,' 370— Ancient 
Demesne, 371 — Races of Mankind — Keats's 'Ode to a 
Nightingale'— Watson of Brtrrasb'iige, 372 — Definition 
of Genius, 373— Last of the Pre-Victorian M.Ps, 374— 
'Vicar of Wakefield' — Footprints of Gods— Stevenson : 
Corinthian: Put— " Hagioscope " or Oriel ? 375— Rings in 
1487 — Road Waggons from Liverpool, 376 — Notes on 
Skeat's 'Concise Uictionary ' — San Diego — " Surizian," 
377— Chaucerian Quotation— Longevity- Gods and Men- 
Hock- : Ocker-, 378. 

NOTES ON BOOKS :—FitzQerald's 'Calderon,' edited by 
Oelsner — 'Reliquary and Illustrated Archaeologist' — 
Reviews and Magazines— Booksellers' Catalogues. 

Notices to Correspondents. 



CHANCELLOR SILVAN EVANS. 
In the Cardiff Weeklj/^ Mail of 18 April 
there are two obituary notices of this excellent 
Welsh scholar : one in English, reprinted, I 
believe, from the daily issue of the Mail ; the 
other in Welsh by "Idriswyn." I do not 
know who the latter writer is, but am under 
the impression that he is a Dissenting minister. 
The English notice bears internal evidence 
of being the work of Mr. Eilir Evans, a zealous 
Churchman and Conservative, and a well- 
known Cardiff journalist. Mr. Evans, an 
old Lampeterian, who had been personally 
interviewing Silvan Evans about a year ago, 
writes thus respecting the distinguished 
lexicographer's connexion with Lampeter : — 

"The Rev. Chancellor Evans was an old Lam- 
peter man, where he graduated B.D. in 1868 and 

acted in the capacity of examiner at St. David's 
College. Lampeter, from 1875 to 1890. He was 
made Canon of Bangor in 1888, and subsequently 
was appointed to the chancellorship of the cathe- 
dral, which he held for eight years. For an equal 
period he had been previously Professor of Welsh 
at the University College of Wales." 

This notice runs to a column and a half (full 
newspaper size); and that is all a leading 
Church pressman and Lampeterian has to 
say about Silvan Evans's connexion with his 
old college. I may observe that the dates of 
Evans's Lampeter examinership given in the 



above quotation do not tally with the dates 
in the current edition of the college calendar, 
which on p. 60 gives 1874-81, iDut on the 
very next page has 1875-79. It will be 
noticed that the eight years of his professor- 
ship at Aberystwith (1875-83)are not specified, 
nor placed in their natural position. On 
looking at the curious discrepancies of dates, 
one is half inclined to suspect that some of 
them are intentional, made with the view of 
parrying the awkward accusation that Lam- 
peter was shamed into paying its old alummis 
the compliment of appointing him Welsh 
examiner by the action of its vigorous young 
rival at Aberystwith. I am not at present 
able either to confirm or dissipate this sus- 
picion, but I know that the Lampeter 
authorities have always been somewhat 
prone to mystification. Turning now to 
"Jdriswyn's" account, we find indeed more 
information, but even less accuracy. The 
writer is very well informed on Welsh 
matters, and an enthusiastic advocate for 
the preservation and extension of the Welsh 
language. This, then, is what "Idriswyn" 
says : — 

"From his leaving [the Dissenting academy of] 
Neuaddlwyd to his entrance at Lampeter Silvan 
Evans's biographers are wholly silent, but, if I am 
not mistaken, he began preaching with the Inde- 
pendents, if indeed he did not take charge of one or 
more [Dissenting] churches. At any rate, this is 
certain, in 1846, when he was twenty-eight years 
old, we find Evans a student at Lanmeter with the 
object of taking Church orders. He was one of 
the earliest students {myfyrwyr cyntaf) of that col- 
lege, and one of the most promising that ever were 
under instruction. In the last year of his course 
he was Welsh lecturer to the college, completing 

his other studies at the same time He won a 

high position at Lampeter, passed in the first 
division, and won a scholarship [in another obituary 
the scholarship is said to be the " senior" one]. He 
took his B.D. in 1868, and served as Welsh examiner 
to his old college from 1874 to 1880. Silvan Evans's 
career and his subsequent scholarly works were the 
means of bringing Lampeter College to the nation's 
notice, and he set a permanent mark of renown on 
the institution— he was a living witness to the 
nature and effectiveness of the education imparted 
there." 

Such is " Idriswyn's " glowing picture of 
Silvan Evans's Lampeter career, due partly, 
no doubt, to the kindly Welsh fashion of 
covering lack of exact information with a 
profusion of p1ea.sant adjectives, but mainly 
to that Lampeterian mystification to which I 
have already referred. I do not yield to 
either Mr. Eilir Evans or "Idriswyn" in 
sincere respect for, and admiration of, the 
deceased scholar, but I do not believe that 
fiction can furnish a satisfactory wreath for 
his grave. 
As the college was opened in March, 



362 



NOTES AND QUERIES. p'" s. xi. mat 9, im 



1827, Evans could not (in 1846) have been 
one of its "earliest students" But as, 
down to 1842, only two Dissenting preachers 
had been admitted, and even that small 
number had given rise to considerable 
clamour about " proselytizing," Evans was 
probably the third of that description ad- 
mitted, and almost certainly he was the hrst 
"biennial student" at Lampeter. Bishop 
Burgess had laid down originally four years 
and a half as the term of residence, ihis 
was, from the very start, reduced to four 
years, and subsequently to three years and 
a term known as the "grace term. ihe 
admission of a student for a shorter penod 
was, in the forties, wholly irregular. Indeed, 
in the next decade we find Rowland Williams 
writing thus (' Life,' i. 187) : " The ' two-year' 
plan is only to be in very exceptional cases 
here. Our visitor did not wish it to get 
into print." In 1846, I believe, the Bishop 
(Bethell) of Bangor asked the Principal 
(Lewelliu) of Lampeter to admit Evans as 
a biennial. It is certain that Lewellin would 
have done nothing of the sort unless it had 
served some private object of his own. He 
had at that time several young relatives 
approaching manhood. Granting the bishop's 
request would therefore be a useful precedent. 
But there was a more pressing reason. An 
examination of the college calendar will show 
that between the death of Rice Rees in 1839 
and the appointment of David Williams in 
1854, there is a gap in the list of Welsh 
professors. As a matter of fact the calendar is 
misleading. Thatgapshoukl be filled uppartly 
by the name of "Prof. Jones," a relative of 
Lewellin's, and partly by the names of certain 
student lecturers. Jones had to resign his chair 
because he could not teach Welsh, and Silvan 
Evans, who was already known as a promis- 
ing young Welsh writer, was admitted as a 
biennial, the condition undoubtedly being that 
he should do the work of the Welsh professor 
without the professor s title or emoluments. 
As Evans's name does not appear among those 
who had passed the University Examiners' 
ordeal, the presumption is tliat he was not 
examined at Lampeter at all. That he studied 
other subjects than Welsh while there 
may be taken for granted. Grotius's 'De 
Veritate Rel. Christ.' was at the time the 
alternative allowed those who did not take 
up Hebrew, and as Evans subsequently trans- 
lated that work into Welsh, we may fairly 
conclude that he attended lectures on it at 
Lampeter. In a word. Silvan Evans owed 
little or nothing to Lampeter, but, on the 
contrary, may be described as the victim of a 
very sordid bargain there. J. P. Owen. 



BILLION: TRILLION. 

There is much confusion as to the signifi- 
cation of billion. No one can be sure of what 
is meant, unless it is denoted by figures. A 
billion in the United States generally stands 
for a thousand millions (nine ciphers), and in 
the United Kingdom for a million millions 
(twelve ciphers). Confusion is worse con- 
founded when we come to trillion, which 
may mean either a million millions (twelve 
ciphers), a million billions (eighteen ciphers), 
or a billion billions (twenty-four ciphers) — 
billion here having the English signification. 

The French notation, adopted in the United 
States, has the advantage of being in corre- 
spondence with the universal punctuation of 
the figures by threes. Its defects are (1) the 
eye does not readily catch the number of 
figures embraced when the row is a long one ; 
(2) the notation in each step utilizes up to 
hundreds only, causing the inclusion and 
waste of a large number of titles in naming 
big numbers ; and (3) the punctuation is con- 
fusing in a long row, as there are more groups 
cut ofi"(from the right) than the name of the 
number implies — thus, million (six ciphers) 
has tivo qrou2n, billion (nine ciphers) three 
groups, trillion (twelve ciphers) four groups, 
&c. 

The English notation seems, at first sight, 
to be more logical. It appears to follow the 
natural course of numbers in exhausting the 
numeration obtained from the previous steps 
before reaching the next. Thus ten tens are 
a hundred, a thousand thousands are a 
million, a million millions are a billion. It 
fails, however, in two important links in the 
chain, for a hundred hundreds in that case 
should logically be a thousand, and a billion 
billions a trillion. It is also defective in two 
other respects. The usual punctuation is 
meaningless. To be appropriate, it should 
be in sixes instead of in threes. It is im- 
possible to name any high number by the 
English notation without a considerable in- 
spection of the figures embraced. 

A method that would combine both the 
systems into one, not only ridding us of all 
doubt on the subject, but getting over the 
defects in each, is very desirable. 1 make 
the suggestion of the following one for that 
purpose. By it the significations of billion, 
trillion,* &,c., would become crystallized, and 
the better known and more commonly used 
terms of ten, hundred, thousand, and million 
left unchanged. The only alterations are 
the introduction into the terminology of the 

* Etymologically, a billion is two millions, and a 
trillion three millions. 



9'»'S.xlmay9,i903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



363 



word myriad (in L\s original sense of ten 
thousand), and the pc^nctuation of the figures 
hy fours, instead of by threes. 

An example will best explain. Let us take 
for the purpose the number of seconds of 
time that have elapsed in the world's history 
up to the present, according to the Bible 
chronology, which is denoted by a row of 
twelve figures — or, better still, the number 
of permutations in the ordinary pack of 
fifty-two playing-cards, in sets of thirteen 
cards, which is represented by a row of 
twenty-two figures. This latter number, 
with the usual punctuation, is as follows : 
3,954,242,643,91 l,239,680,000,and in theFrench 
notation is " Three sextillions, nine hundred 
and fifty-four quintillions, two hundred and 
forty -two quadrillions, six hundred and 
forty-three trillions, nine hundred and eleven 
billions, two hundred and thirty-nine millions, 
six hundred and eighty thousand." The same 
number in the English notation is '' Three 
thousand nine hundred and fifty-four trillions, 
two hundred and forty -two thousand six 
hundred and forty - three billions, nine 
hundred and eleven thousand two hundred 
and thirty-nine millions, six hundred and 
eighty thousand." Both take the same 
number of words to express. In the pro- 
posed new way the number would be punctu- 
ated as follows : 39,5424,2643,9112,3968,0000, 
and be notated : "Thirty-nine quintillions, 
five thousand four hundred and twenty-four 
quadrillions, two thousand six hundred and 
forty-three trillions, nine thousand one 
hundred and twelve billions, three thousand 
nine hundred and sixty-eight myriads." If 
the last four figures were 4321, instead of 
being ciphers, the continuation of the nota- 
tion would be "four thousand three hundred 
and twenty-one" in the ordinary way. 

The main difficulty in reading a large 
number from figures is the ascertaining of 
the correct significance of the first characters 
on the left. Once they are understood, the 
rest follows easily and naturally. The present 
grouping gives no direct indication, in either 
the French or English system, of what these 
characters are; whereas in the proposed new 
way they are identified at once by the follow- 
ing rule : The groiq^s to the right name the 
figures to the left. Thus, in the latter punctu- 
ated example there being five groups cut off, 
the first figures to the left (39) are quintillions. 
If there had been seven groups, they would 
have been septillions, three groups trillions, 
and so on. Nothing can be simpler. By it 
any row of figures may be tackled and named 
at once, without hesitation, even if met with 
for the first time in a paper publicly read out. 



There are several additional advantages in 
this proposed system. In the first place, by 
the punctuation in fours the number of cha- 
racters contained in large numbers can be 
much more rapidly ascertained, as will be 
seen by reference to the two examples above. 
Next,it embraces ^/iowsanc^s bysingle numbers, 
as well as himdi'eds and tens, in naming 
the higher steps. And the notation takes a 
rather less number of words to express. 

It is true that if the English system adopted 
the punctuation by sixes, some of its defects 
would be overcome. But to be of assistance 
to the eye (punctuation's main province), six 
figures in each step is too long an interval. 
What is gained in the rapid reaching of the 
significance of the first figures is lost in the 
confusion within the steps themselves. The 
proper punctuation for the English system 
would be 3,954 ;242,643;911,239;680,000, using 
semicolons as well as commas ; but that 
method at once stands condemned, because 
where several numbers occur together there 
would be confusion, especially in technical 
works. No punctuation, however, would ever 
get over the confused impression carried to 
the mind in the notation (when unassisted 
by the figures as well) by having in each of 
the steps hundreds, &c., coming both before 
and after thotisands — "two hundred and 
forty-two thousand six hundred and forty- 
three billions." 

To sum up the suggested way — a myriad 
has four ciphers (1,0000), a billion eight 
ciphers (1,0000,0000), a trillion twelve ciphers 
(l,0000,0000,0000),a ^wac^ri/Zionsixteen ciphers, 
and so on. Every quantity is punctuated in 
fours. The various steps embrace tens, hun- 
dreds, and thousands, by single numbers only. 

The study of figures always brings up 
regret at the universal choice of the decimal 
system. If our semi-civilized forefathers — 
instead of using both hands together for their 
counting, whereby they arrived at the number 
ten on the fingers — had just gone a step 
higher and employed the two hands in com- 
bination, whereby the number thirty-five 
would have been reached, they would have 
conferred an inestimable benefit on their 
posterity, by giving us the senary scale, 
instead of the decimal, with an immense and 
incalculable savingof labour in our arithmetic. 

J. S. McTear. 



MERRY TALES. 

(See 9th s. yiii. 297, 380 ; ix. 324 ; xi. 84.) 

' Tales and Quiche Answeres.^ 

LX. ' Of him that sought his asse and rode 

on his backe.' — This is No. 55 in Poggio. 



364 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [O'" s. xi. may 9, im 



'Les 
; the 



Hazlitt's reference to La Fontaine and 
Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles ' is not exact 
stories have nothing in common with the one 
in the ' Mery Tales.' 

LXV. ' Of him that loued the marchants 
wyfe.'— This is No. 247 of Poggio. 

liXVI. ' Of the woman that couerd her 
heed and shewed her taile ' — This is coijied 
almost verbatim from Poggio's 137. 

LXVII. ' Howe Alexander was monysshed 
to slee the fyrste that he mette.'— This is the 
f)07th of Pauli. Oesterley refers to Valer. 
Maximus, 7, 3, exter. 1 ; Ciesarius Heister- 
bacensis, 'Dialogi,' in " Bibl. Patrura Cister- 
ciens," ed. Tissier, 1662, torn. ii. 6, 26 ; 
Baeleta, 76a; ' Promptuar.,' J. 39; Petrarcha, 
' Rer. Memorand.,' 3, 2, 4.36; Jac. Pontanus, 
'Attica Bellaria,' Francof., 1644, 8vo, i. 5, 56, 
p. 224 ; 'Enxemplos,' 47 ; Guicciardini, 41a ; 
Belleforest, 239 ; Federmann, 408 ; ' Scherz 
rait der Wahrheit,' 3b ; ' Lyrum Larum,' 251 ; 
D. E. Helmhack, ' Der Neuermehrte, lustige 
und curiose Fabelhannsz.,' Hall, 1729, 8vo, 6; 
Sinnersberg, 640; Wolgemuth, i. 53. 

LXVIII. ' Howe the cite of Lamsac was 
saued from destruction.' — Pauli, No. 508. 
Oesterley quotes Suidas, v. Anaximen. ; 
Pausan., 6, 18, 2 ; Valer. Maximus, 7, 3, exter. 
4 ; Petrarcha, 'Reium Memor.,' 3, 2, p. 436; 
Hollen, 32a ; Pelbartus, ' Quad rages, de 
Vitiis,' 34, K ; Pontanus, i. 5, 38, p. 208 ; 
Manlius, 'Locorum Communium Collectanea,' 
1590, 8vo, ii. p. 412 ; ' Enxempl.,' 164 ; Guic- 
ciardini, 82 ; Bellefor., 23 ; Federmann, 40 ; 
Ens., 21 ; Jac. v. Cassalis, 5 ; ' Scherz mit der 
Wahrheit,' 8 ; Eutrap., iii. 203 ; Memel, 162 ; 
'Lyrum Larum,' 252 ; Wolgemuth, ii. 50. 

LXIX. ' Howe Demosthenes defended a 
mayde/— See d^^ S. vii. 67. 

LXX. 'Of hym that desired to be made a 
gentilman.'— This is the 61st of Poggio. I 
fancy I have somewhere seen it told of King 
James 

LXXIL ' Of the two yonge men that rode 
to Walsyngham.'— The 90th of Poggio. It is 
taken into 'The Conceits of Old Hobson,' 
No. 19. 

LXXIII. ' Of the yonge man of Bruges and 
his spouse.'— Poggio, 157 ; No. 8 of the ' Cent 
Nouvelles Nouvelles'; Domenichi, 18 verso; 
'Contes a rire, ou Recreations Frangaises ' ; 
La Fontaine, 'Les Aveux Indiscrets' ; Male- 
spini, 'Ducento Novelle,' Nov. 18; Nicod 
Frischlini, 'Facetiae. Par Pari Relatum'; 
'Nouveaux Contes a rire,' p. 78, 100. 

LXXIV. 'Of hym that made as he hadde 
ben a chaste lyuer.'— This is a mere transla- 
tion of Poggio, No. 173. 

LXXV. ' Of liym that the olde roode fell 
on.'— No. 34 of ' Hobson's Conceits ' ; Taylor's 



'Wit and Mirth,' No. .^3 ; p. 15 of 'Shake- 
speare Jest-Books.' It IS No. 336 of Pauli. 

LXXVI. ' Of the wydow that wolde nat 
vvedde for bodily pleasure.' — This is Poggio's 
209. ^ ^ ^ 

LXXXII. ' Of hym that feyned hym self 
deed to proue what his wyfe wolde do.' — 
Poggio's No. 116, whence it seems to be trans- 
lated in Domenichi, 74 ; Pauli, No. 144 (with 
a moralization). Oesterley refers to ' Scelta 
di Facetie,' p. 144 ; Brant, C. 4 ; cf. Meisterges. 
U. 142 ; Wegkurzer, 9b ; Vorrath, 139. 

LXXXIII. ' Of the poure man into whose 
house theues brake by nyghte.' — Very shortly 
in 'Conceits and Jests,' p. 11. It is in 
Domenichi, 31 verso ; ' Passo-tempo,' 159. 

LXXXV. 'Of hym that had his goose stole.' 
—This is No. 25 in ' Old HoJDson.' It is also 
copied into ' (;!ertaine Conceits,' No. 3, p. 4. 

LXXXVI. ' Of the begger that sayd he was 
kyn to kyng Philip of Macedone.'— This is 
the first of ' Certaine Conceits ' ; somewhat 
differently in Pauli. No. 517. Oesterley quotes 
Bebel, ii. 249, sig. Ji, 4a ; Manlius, 373 ; 'Con- 
viv. Sermon.,' i. 185 ; ' Nug93 Venales,' p. 66; 
'Scelta di Facet.,' p. 146; ' Chevreana,' 
1697, i. p. 119 ; L'Estrange in Thoms's ' Anec- 
dotes,' p. 16 ; ' Lyrum Larum,' 170 ; Memel, 
196; Acerra, 'Phil,' 4, 4; Helmhack, 82; 
Sinnersberg, 250. 

LXXXVII. 'Of Dantes answere to the 
iester.' — This is Poggio's No. 57. There are 
several other jests told of Dante in Poggio, 
but they are different from this. 

LXXXVIII. ' Of hym that had sore eyes.' 
— This is partly the same as No. 30 of ' Old 
Hobson' and Taylor's 'Wit and Mirth,' 
No. 25. 

XC. ' Of hym that had the custodi of a 
warde.' — Poggio, 194 ; Pauli, 356. Oesterley 
quotes Brant, Diiiij. ; 'Serm. Convivial.,' i. 
p. 291 ; Ottom. Lusoinius, 'Joci ac Sales' 
(Aug. Vind., 1524), 8vo, 143 ; Eutrapel., i. 868 ; 
Taylor's 'Sculler,' 1612 ; ' Works,' 1630, 3, 22. 

XCI ' Of the excellent paynter, that had 
foule children.' — Very shortly given in 'Con- 
ceits and Jests,' No. 31. In the 'Supplementi 

alle Novelle di Sacchetti fatti da Vincenzio 

Follini, 1791' (Firenze, 1888, 2 vols.), vol. ii. 
p. 403, the story is told of Giotto and Dante. 
It is Pauli's No. 412. Oesterley in his notes 
refers to Bromyard, J, 7, 1 ; Wright, ' Lat. 
Stor.,'128; R.Holkot, 'Super LibrosSapientie,' 
Reutlingen, 1489, fol. 195 ; Gritsch, 41 F ; 
Pontanus, ' D. Serm.,' 1708 ; Petrarcha, 'Epist. 
Famil.,' 5, 17, p. 653; ' Conviv. Sermones,' 
i. 163, i. 221 : Luscinius, 198 ; Guicc, 1588, 
p. 88 ; Bellefor., 84 ; Federmann, 157 : Ens., 
115 ; 'Scelta di Facet.,' p. 124; 'Scherz mit 
der Wahrheit,' 77b ; Metzger, p. 23 ; ' Lyrum 



9">s.xi.May9.i903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



365 



Larum,' 154 ; Eutrap., i. 848 ; Memel, 357 ; 
Helmhack, 31 ; Jasander, 'Der teutsche His- 
torienschrieber,' Frankf. und Leipz., 1730, 
8vo, 95. 

XCn. ' Of the scoffer that made a man 
a south sayer.'— This is No. 166 of Poggio, 
where the celebrated jester Gonella tricks a 
man. 

XCVIII. 'Of the doctour that went with 
the fouler to catche byrdes.'— This is trans- 
lated from Poggio, No. 179. 

XCIX. 'Of hym that vndertoke to teache 
an asse to rede.'— Poggio, No 250. The germ 
of the story is in the ' Pantchatantra,' ed. by 
the Abbe Dubois, 1826. See Leveque, 560 ; 
Des Periers, No. 88 ; Abstemius, ' Heca- 
tomythium,' 133; La Fontaine, 'Le Char- 
latan.' 

C. _'0f_ the fryer that confessefl the woman.' 
—This is a very widely diffused tale, 
commonly called 'La Culotte des Cordeliers,' 
which will be found in Legrand, vol. i p. 343 ; 
Barbazan Meon, vol. iii. p. 169; Montaiglon, 
vol. iii. p. 275, and vol. vi. p. 257. It is 
Poggio's 232 ; Massuccio, third of the first 
part ; Sacchetti, 207; Casti, ' Novelle Galanti,' 
' Brache di SanGriffone'; 'Farce du Frere 
Guillebert'CAnc. Theat. Fran9.,'vol. i. p. 305) 
According to Liebrecht and others the story 
is also to be found in Otlio, ' Melandri 
Joco-seria,' 1626, p. 298 ; Bouchet, ' Serees,' 
1588, p. 355 ; ' Amans Heureux,' ii. 19 ; Guic- 
ciardini, p. 101; 'Facetieuses Journe'es,' 
p. 213; 'Passetemps Agreable,' 1715, p. 31 ; 
'Eoger Bontemps en Belle Humeur,' 
15 Avent.; ' Facetieux Reveille-matin,' 1654, 
pp. 152, 195 ; ' Le Livre du Chevalier de la 
Tour Landry,' ch. Ixii.; 'Nouveaux Contes a 
rire,' p. 166 ; Grecourt, ' Oj^uvres,' ' La Culotte 
etle Cordelier'; Vergier, 'Contes'; Chevigne, 
'Contes Remois,' seventh ed., 1868, p. 15; 
the 'Metamorphoses' of Apuleius, ix. 17-20 ; 
'Orlando Innamorato,' Cant. C; ' Coraptes 
du Monde Aventureux,' ed. F. Franck, 1878, 
No. 28, 'Le Caleqon Apotheose'; in 'Le Singe 
de La Fontaine' Florence, 1773, t. i. p. 54; 
' La Culotte de Saint Raimond de Pennafort '; 
in the ' Contes a rire,' &c., par le Citoyen 
Collier, nouvelle ed., Bruxelles, 1881, p. 3. 
It is also in Estienne, 'Apologie pour Hero- 
dote,' vol. ii. p. 22; Sabadino, 'Facetiarum 
Poretanarum Opus,' Bologna, 1483 ; D'Argens, 
'Lettres Juives,' Lettre III. 

CII. 'Of the same chaplen and one that 
spited him.'— Domenichi, 23 recto ; ' Pasquil's 
Jests,' 29. 

CIII. 'Of the olde man that put him selfe 
in his sonnes handes.'—' Pasquil's Jests,' 60. 
From the fabliau called ' Le Bourgeois 
d'Abbeville, ou la Housse coupee en Deux'; 



Legrand, vol. iv. p. 117; Montaiglon, i. 82 
('La Houce Partie'), and vol. ii. p. 1, 'De la 
Houce'; Lando in his ' Varii Componimenti,' 
No. 13; Sercambi, No. V.; Grannucci, 'La 
Piacevol Notte e il Lieto Giorno,' i. 2, p. 160 
(Ven., 1574); Vitry, No. 288 An extended 
bibliography of this tale will be found in 
Romania, x. pp. 2 -9, and some additional items 




p. 109. It is No. 288 of Vitry, 436 of Pauli, 
and 48 of Hagen. Numerous other references, 
showing how widespread is the tale, will be 
found in the notes of the editors of those 
works and in Clouston, ' Pop. Tales,' vol. ii. 
p. 372 et seq. For a modern instance see ante, 
p. 226. 

CXI. ' Of Titus and the Jester.' — Pauli, 
No. 189, where it is apparently taken from 
Petrar., 'Rer. Memorand.,' 2, 4, p. 426, and is 
told of Vespasianus. 

CXV. ' Of the Nunne forced that durst not 
crie.'— From Pauli, No. 3 of the Strassburg 
edition of 1538 ; p. 407 of edition by Oester- 
ley, who refers to Eutrap. 3, 581; 'Lyrum 
Larum,' 105. 

CXIX. ' Of the frj^er that praysed sainct 
Frauncis.'— Itis told of Hobson in the twenty- 
seventh of his ' Conceits.' It is also the tenth 
Novella of the third part of the ' Novelle ' of 
Bandello. 

CXX. ' Of hj'm that warned his wife of 
wasshynge her face in foule puddell water.' — 
This is merely a translation of Domenichi, 
12 recto. 

CXXI. 'Of the husbandman that caused 
the iudge to geue sentence agaynst him selfe.' 
— I have no reference to this story, but fancy 
it has been attributed to Plowden, ' The Case 
is Altered.' 

CXXXVI. 'Of Corar the Rhetorician and 
Tisias his Scoler.' — No. 119 of Pauli, who took 
it from Hemmerlin, ' De Nobilitate,' c. xxxiv. 
p. 141b. Oesterley refers also to ' Scherz 
mit der Wahrheit,' 71 ; Abraham a S. Clara, 
Lauber-Hutt, Wien, 1826, 1828, 3, 14; Eutrap., 
i. 623 ; Wolgemuth, i. 30. 

CXXXVIII. ' Of the frenche kyng and the 
brome seller.'— No. 7 of ' Grand Parangon des 
Nouvelles Nouvelles.' 

A. COLLINGWOOD LeE. 
VValthani Abbey, Essex. 



Milton "s ' Minor Poems.' (See ante, p. 320). 
— In his last catalogue Reader advertised a 
copy of Milton's 'Poems upon Several Occa- 
sions,' with the date 1674. I wrote for it, and 
was greatly disappointed to find that it was 
not a copy of the ' Minor Poems,' but of the 



366 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9'" s. xi. may 9. im 



second edition of ' Paradise Lost,' wanting 
four leaves. How it came to be so incor- 
rectly described I cannot understand. 

W. Aldis Wright. 
Trinity College, Cambridge. 

Bonnet = Toque.— It is always interesting 
to record an official definition of a word, and 
the most recent instance of such has been 
afforded in connexion with the visit to Scot- 
land of the King with Queen Alexandra. On 
1 April there was published in the news- 
papers the Court newsman's formal notifica- 
tion that " The Lord Chamberlain is com- 
manded by the King to announce that their 
Majesties will hold a Court and Levee at the 
Palace of Holyrood on Tuesday, May 12, for 
Scottish ladies and gentlemen " ; and this 
concluded with the words : " For ladies- 
morning dress, with bonnets ; for gentlemen 
—levee dress." This looked sufficiently clear, 
but it was followed three days afterwards by 
the further declaration from the Lord Cham- 
berlain that "The term 'bonnet,' as applied 
to the costume of ladies, may be taken to 
mean either bonnets or toques, but not hats." 
The inclusion of the toque may fairly be 
believed to be due to Queen Alexandra's 
habitual use of that special form of head- 
covering when out of doors. 

Alfeed F. Bobbins. 

" Pip."— The Athenceum does not often 
make a mistake ; but in the number for 
14 March (p. 332) it says : "Emerson, solemnly 
transcendental, is occasionally moved to 
wondi-ous slang," and gives as an instance : 
'•Montaigne's parish - priest, if a hailstorm 
passes over the village, thinks the day of 
doom is come, and the cannibals already 
have got the pip." Montaigne himself, in 
the passage referred to, says (liv. i. ch. xxv. 
vol. i. p. 170 of Didot's edition of 1802) "et 
juge quo la pepie en tienne desia les can- 
nibales." Florio translates "and judgeth 
that the Pippe is alreadie falne on the can- 
nibals." Cotton has " and that the Can- 
nibals already got the Pip." Pepie is in 
Littre. ]^ n. 

Dr. Edmond Halley. (See 9'-'' S. x. 361 ; 
xi. 85, 205.)— Lower, in 'Patronymica Britan- 
nica,' London, 1860, p. 144, says that Halley 
is local to England, but cannot name the 
place. Is there any evidence in existence to 
prove that that surname was not derived from 
the continental Halle? There was one 
Antoine Halley, a French poet, born at 
Bazamville, near Bayeux, in 1595, who died 
at Caen, in Normandy, 3 June, 1675. His 
surname more frequently terminates with 



the letter y than otherwise (cp. ' La Grande 
Encyclopeaie,' tome dix-neuvieme, p. 773, 
Paris, n.d., and ' Grand Dictionnaire Uni- 
versel du XIXe Siecle,' tome neuvieme, Paris, 
1873). Is there any significance in the fact 
that Dr. Halley spelt his given name Ed- 
mond instead of Edmund 1 He was the 
soul of candour, and proud of his English 
birthright. 

It is not ti-adition alone (ante, pp. 205, 206) 
which has changed Dr. Halley's name into 
Haley or Haly. Those two forms, together 
with the correct one, are shown in Aubrey's 
' Brief Lives ' (Clark), Oxford, 1898, i. 282, 283. 

Some authors who say that Dr. Edmond 
Halley was born 8 November, 1656, proceed 
to give the date of his decease as 14 January, 
1742 (cp., e.g., 'Diet. Nat. Biog.,' xxiv. 104, 
107). If the new-style calendar is used for 
the former date, should it not be employed 
for the latter, when the context affords no 
means of determining which is intended ? 
Dr. Halley was born 29 October, 1656, OS. 
(cp. Aubrey's 'Brief Lives.' Clark, i. 282). 
This is equivalent to 8 November, 1656, 
N.S. He died 14 January, 1741/2, that is 
25 January, 1742, N.S. (cp. Gent. Mag., 
1747, xvii. 505). Lysons's 'Environs,' i. 555 
(1811), shows that Dr. Halley was buried 
20 January. 1741/2, which statement is sub- 
stantiated by the published ' Begister of the 
Church of St. Margaret, Lee,' p. 58 (Lee, 
1888). 

' Biog. Brit.,' London, 1757, iv. 2517, tells us 
that Dr. Edmond Halley's "tomb of Portland 
stone was erected by his two surviving 
daughters." If it was thus, in a certain 
sense, private property, why were the 
remains of Pond, a later Astronomer Royal, 
placed in the same tomb, as asserted by 
several authorities? Will a correspondent 
residing in the vicinity of Lee kindly eluci- 
date this point 1 

Concerning the question-mark editorially 
inserted after the year 1779 (ante, p. 205), the 
writer begs leave to reaffirm that in Good 
\Vo)xls, London, 1895, xxxvi. 755, to be seen 
in Chicago Public Library, the year 1779 
actually is shown. Doubtless 1779'is a typo- 
graphical error. Was there more than one 
edition of that periodical printed for the year 
1895? Eugene F. McPike. 

Room 606, 1, Park Row, Chicago, Illinois. 

The Music to Mrs. Hemans's Songs.— 
The following was in the Derby Mercury of 
25 March :— 

" A correspondent has much that is interesting 
to record of Derbyshire's greatest composer, Mrs. 
Robert Arkwright, of Stoke Hall, between Grindle- 
ford and Calver. 8he was daughter of Stephen 



9ths.xi.xMAY9,i908.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



367 



Kemble, and when her husband was a militia captain 
in Newcastle, ninety years ago, he saw her on the 
stage and married her. Seventy years ago she used 
to delight Thomas Moore and her neighbour, the 
first Lord Dennian, with her tasteful singing of her 
own songs, then known in every musical household ; 
and her 'Landing of the Pilgrim Fathers' was in 
New England almost a national song. It is now 
rarely heard. Her beautiful setting of Kingsley's 
' Sands o' Dee ' has been appropriated by another 
composer. Her 'Treasures of the Deep' is a fine 
solo, and would make a finer glee ; and her ' Hebrew 
Mother's Farewell' narrowly missed Handelian 
grandeur. These and other airs may still be bought 
in a shilling volume called 'Mrs. Hemans's Songs, 
with Music by her Sister,' the odd thing being 
that several of the songs are not by Mrs. Hemans, 
nor was Mrs. Arkwright her sister. Can any one 
explain why she published so much music under 
the name of ' Mrs. Hemans's sister' ? Mrs. Hemans 
had been Miss Brown, of Liverpool, lived apart 
from her husband, became one of our greatest song- 
writers, and is buried in Dawson Street, Dublin. 
Not only is Mrs. Arkwright Derbyshire's greatest 
composer, but she may be classed as the greatest 
female composer of England, except Mrs. Bliss." 

W. B. H. 

Westminster City Arms.— When I sent 
a note upon the ' Westminster City Motto,' 
which was inserted at 9"^ S. ix. 485, I was 
fully under the impression that I had sent 
one respecting the arms of the city as 
reconstituted. Upon looking for it I find 
that I could not have done as I intended ; 
therefore I now repair the omission. The 
arms may be thus described : Azure, a 
portcullis or ; on a chief of the second a 
pallet of the first, thereon a cross flory 
between five martlets, also of the .second, 
being the arms of King Edward the Con- 
fessor, between two united roses gules and 
argent. Supporters : On either side a lion 
ermine, that on the dexter gorged with a collar 
or, thereon three roses gules, barbed and seeded 
proper ; that on the sinister with a collar 
azure, thereon as many roses argent, barbed 
and seeded also proper, and each charged on 
the body with a portcullis chained or. Until 
the recent creation of Greater Westminster 
the city arms had no supporters, the latter 
being added as a compliment to the Marquis 
of Salisbury, the High Steward, and being 
those belonging to that nobleman's arras. 
W. E. Harland-Oxley. 

C2, The Almshouses, Rochester Row, S.W. 

Thackeray's Carefulness as to Details 
IN HIS Historic Novels. — In 'Esmond,' 
book ii. chap. vi. p. 194 of the " Biographical 
Edition," when Esmond goes to Winchester 
Cathedral on 29 December, 1702, the anthem 
is from Psalm cxxvi., " When the Lord turned 
the captivity of Zion, then were we like them 
that dream." I find that an anthem on these 



words is by Blow, born 1G48, died 1708, who 
was then in the fulness of his popularity as 
a composer; .so that there is every proba- 
bility that this very anthem would be used 
in Winchester Cathedral at this very time. 
I cannot, unfortunately, supply the exact 
date of publication of the anthem ; perhaps 
some of your readers can furnish it. 

William Sykes, M.D., F.S.A. 

Exeter. 

[Ell revanche we may point out that Thackeray 
speaks of the spire of Winchester Cathedral, 
whereas the square Norman tower is the more con- 
spicuous because it lacks any such ornament.] 



We must request correspondents desiring infor- 
mation on family matters of only private interest 
to affix their names and addresses to their queries, 
in order that the answers may be addressed to them 
direct. 

"Cahoot": its Etymology. — The word 
cahoot is used in colloquial speech in various 
parts of the United States with the meaning 
of partnership or secret understanding ; for 
example, "These persons are in cahoot (or 
cahoots)." Sometimes it is heard in another 
sense, as in " He knocked the thing out of 
cahoots," that is, into disorder. The origin 
of the word is a puzzle ; many authorities 
suggest the French or Spanish cohorte, com- 
pany, gang, while others give the French 
cahiite, cabin. In Barrere and Leland's 'Dic- 
tionary of Slang' I find : — 

" There can be no doubt that it came from either 
Dutch Icajuit or German kajiite, or perhaps the same 
in Old Saxon, meaning a cabin, implying living or 
messing together." 

From a philological standpoint this ety- 
mology seems more reasonable. The French 
cahute {cajute) is akin to kajuit and kajiite. 
Possibly some of your readers can tell whether 
the word is peculiar to the United States 
alone, or can furnish definite information as 
to its origin. Charles Bundy Wilson. 
The State University of Iowa, Iowa City. 

Long Melford Church, Suffolk. — I 
should feel obliged if you or any of your 
readers could inform me when the church at 
Long Melford, in Suffolk, was built, and 
whether any work published on the subject 
exists. This church, in my opinion, is one of 
the most interesting in England, and must 
have looked superbly beautiful before Crom- 
well's followers destroyed all the magnificent 
windows— but three remaining — which act 
of vandalism was, I presume, carried out 
owing to the church at that period being a 
Roman Catholic building. Cromwbll. 



368 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [g*** s. xi. may 9, im 



Pike Family.— Mr. Ralph J. Beevor, 22, 
Craven Street, Strand, W.C, kindly cites the 
London Magazine for August, 1766, p. 437 : 
" Deaths. — Lately, James Pike, Esq., a captain 
in the Navy." By the courtesy of Mr. S. R. 
Scargill-Bird, of the Public Record Office, it 
is learnt that no trace of this officer can be 
found in any of the Admiralty Lists therein 
preserved. I should be very grateful for any 
information as to the existence of any other 
place from which the desired facts might be 
ascertained ; also, whether or not there was 
a military academj' conducted in Dublin at 
any time between the years 1750-72. 

Eugene F. McPikb. 

Room 606, 1, Park Row, Chicago, Illinois. 

Roman Numerals.— An edition in three 
volumes of ' Les Serees de Gvillavme Bovchet, 
Sievr de Brocovrt,' has the following rubric : 
"A Roven, Chez Pierre Loiselet, tenant sa 
bovtiqve, av havt des degrez dv Palais 
M,VICXV." Is not this way of noting 
1615 odd ? I am aware of the treatment of 
Roman numerals by theAlduses and Elzevirs. 
In vols. ii. and iii. of ' Les Serees ' the address 
differs slightly, but the date is the same. 

H. T. 

Oliver of Leytonstone. — On 27 March, 
1771, the House of Commons ordered Brass 
Crosby, M.P,, Lord Mayor of London, to be 
committed to the Tower. Similar sentence 
had already been passed on the Lord Mayor's 
colleague, Alderman Oliver, M.P. The Alder- 
man had a brother Thomas Oliver, of Leyton- 
stone, who left issue. Is anything known 
of his descendants ? Two brothers, Henry 
Brough Oliver and Richard Oliver, held 
commissions in the 8th, or King's, Regiment 
of Foot between the years 1793 and 1798. To 
what family did they belong? 

R. O. Heslop. 

Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 

Good Friday in 1602.— Can any reader of 
' N. »fe Q.' tell me, or refer me to a work in 
which I shall find, on what day of what month 
Good Friday fell in the year 1602 1 

Donald Ferguson. 

' Celebrities and I.' — Can some amiable 
collaborator, as one would write in Vlnter- 
mMiaire, demonstrate that the title of this 
book is grammatical ? To me it seems quite 
of the "between-you-and-I" stage of culture ; 
but I can hardly think tliat the publisher's 
reader would have passed it unless there were 
more to be said in favour of it than I can 
find to say. I suppose the author discourses 
concerning celebrities and lierself ; she would 
not say "about, or concerning, I"— at least, 



I fancy not : she would probably say " con- 
cerning me." Well, then, how does her happy 
conjunction with celebrities alter the gram- 
matical case of the personal pronoun? If it 
be alleged that ' Celebrities and I are the Sub- 
ject of the Book ' would be the title at full 
length, 1 must retreat with the remark that 
it is too much to expect the man in the street 
to excogitate such an ellipsis in order to 
justify a locution which is apparently in- 
correct. St. Swithin. 

Henry II. and Lincoln.— I find in 'Lin- 
colnshire in 1836,' p. 73, that Henry II. " was 
crowned twice, viz., at London and Lincoln, 
in the suburb of Wykenford in the valley." 
Now why did the coronation take place in 
the suburb ? Can it be that the king and 
his companions were familiar with the pro- 
verb which speaks of a " crowned king " and 
Lincoln? G. W. 

Vallee's ' Bibliographie des Biblio- 
graphies.'— In Roger's ' Manual of Biblio- 
graphy,' 1891, p. 159, it is stated that the 
above is in two volumes, 1883-7. I should 
be glad of more definite information than is 
here given. Was a supplement issued in 
1887 ; and have any further supplements 
been issued ? F. Marcham. 

William Dyngley.— Information required 
about this person, who gave several volumes 
of manuscripts to Peterhouse Library, Cam- 
bridge, in the fifteenth century. There was 
a John Dyngley, of Charleton, Worcester- 
shire, Groom of the Privy Chamber, whose 
recognizance of 5 July, 1515, was cancelled 
17 August. 1519 ('Calendar of State Papers, 
Henry VIII.,' vol. iii. part i. p. 156). 

G. J. Gray. 

14, Church Street, Chesterton, Camb. 

"And the villain still pursued her."— 
Can any reader supply the words of this old 
ballad, or state where the same, with the 
music, can be obtained ? Adrian, 

Andrew Jelf was admitted to Westminster 
School 3 March, 1777. I am anxious to obtain 
particulars of his parentage and career. 

G. F. R. B. 

Kelynack : the Place and Family. — In 
most maps of Cornwall thei'e is marked a 
place bearing the name of Kelynack. It is 
situate near the Land's End. What is the 
history of this place ? In the west of Corn- 
wall Kelynack is a well-known surname. Is 
it connected with the place Kelynack, and 
what is the origin of the name ? 

TuEo. Wells. 



9*8. XL May 9, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



369 



" Folks." — Is this a legitimate plural form 1 
Its use for a literary purpose is illustrated 
in the AthencBum of 11 April, p. 460, where a 
reviewer writes thus of certain features of a 
novel : " The delights of German life as seen 
by fresh young English folks of artistic 
temperament are depicted with evident 
veracity and insight." Thomas Bayne. 

"Welter." — Would you kindly explain 
the origin of the term "welter"? We have 
welter-weights in racing, which are heavy 
weights. Does it mean sweltering weights ? 

A. G. 

Maori Legend. — Many years ago Charles 
Dickens, when editing a magazine, published 
a Maori legend. The story was read by a 
friend of mine (now abroad) who remembered 
the outline, but not the details. It related 
that Tainui made a flute out of a foeman's 
leg-bone, and aftervvards went mad because 
spirits surrounded him when he played his 
flute. There is a sub-story in it how Tainui's 
son married the daughter of old Thigh-bone. 
It is a Mokau district legend. The story pro- 
bably appeared in Household Words or All the 
Year Round; but not knowing the title I have 
not managed to drop on it. From inquiries 
made I do not think Dickens himself wrote 
the story. It was probably contributed by 
another writer. I very much want to get 
hold of the published legend, as the Maoris 
themselves seem to have forgotten it now. 

R. H. Hooper. 

J. D. — Can any of your readers explain the 
initials J. D., 1831-2, on a series of exquisite 

¥encil drawings, architectural and mediaeval ] 
he initials imply James Dallaway, but the 
drawings suggest that the artist must have 
been an architect. Francis Edwards. 

83, High Street, Marylebone, W. 

Samuel Pepys, 1716. — In the out-of-the- 
way village of South Walsham, in Norfolk, on 
7 February, 1716, " Mr. Samuel Pepys and Mrs. 
Ruth Cooper " were married. Who was the 
diarist's namesake 1 I do not find him men- 
tioned in the edition of the 'Visitation of 
Norfolk ' published by our local society. He 
was not the diarist's cousin, the Rev. Samuel 
Pepys, rector of Clifton Regis, who died, 
singularly enough, in the same year as the 
diarist, viz., 1703. Walter Rye. 

St. Leonard's Priory, Norwich. 

Kimberley Family of Bromsgrove, co. 
Worcester.— I shall be glad of any informa- 
tion, genealogical or otherwise, respecting 
this family ; and in particular of William 
Kimberley, Master of Arts and minister of 
Redmarley, co. Worcester, probably about 



1640. At what university and college did he 
graduate? Bernard P. Scattergood. 

Moorside, Far Headingley, Leeds. 

"Delivered from the galling yoke of 
TIME." — Can any reader of ' N. <k Q.' tell me 
whence the following is taken ?— 

Delivered from the galling yoke of time 

And these frail elements. 



Henry Brierley. 



Mab's Cross, Wigan. 



Herbert Spencer. — I shall feel highly 
obliged if any of your correspondents can 
inform me through your columns whether the 
autobiographical sketch of Mr. Herbert Spen- 
cer referred to in Huxley's 'Life and Letters,' 
by his son, has been printed and published, 
and if so, when and where. 

R. Padmanabhachari. 

Madras. 

Man of Wood and Leather. — Mr. Lilly 
tells his readers, in his ' Ancient Religion and 
Modern Thought,' second edition, p. 255, that 
Swift speaks of certain Nurembergers who 
undertook to construct a man of wood and 
leather " that should reason as well as most 
country parsons." Where does the passage 
occur ? K. P. D. E. 

" Paraboue."— In ' The Traveller's Oracle,, 
(Sic, by William Kitchiner, M.D. (third edition 
London, 1828), p. 71, it is stated that ^'Golashes 
or Paraboues are useful as guards against 
Cold and Damp : these are sold in Regent 
Street." The word 2^cL'>'<^bo2ie does not occur 
in Littre's French dictionary, and it is 
therefore not surprising to find that many 
recent English dictionaries ignore it also. 
Can it be shown to have obtained a foot- 
ing in our language in the third decade of 
the nineteentli century 1 From an amusing 
note on "got" on p 146 it would seem that 
the author wrote in the full expectation of 
being attacked by "the verbal critic." 

E. S. Dodgson. 

'A Voice from the Danube,' written 
" by an Impartial Spectator," and published 
in London in 1850, was dedicated to Prince 
Metternich, the fallen minister. Chap. i. is 
dated from Presburg in October, 1849, and in 
it the author refers to a previous communica- 
tion. Is it known who he was 1 L. L. K. 

"Oh, true brave heart," &c.— Can any 
of your readers tell me where this quotation 
comes from ? — 
Oh, true brave heart, God bless thee wheresoe'er 
In His great universe thou art to-day. 

H. F. 



370 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9'- s. xi. may 9, im 



'THE GOOD DEVIL OF WOODSTOCK.' 

(8'i> S. iii. 168, 256.) 

Readers of ' Woodstock ' will remember 
the supernatural adventures which befell the 
Parliamentarj^ Commissioners at the Manor 
House in 1649. In his original preface Scott 
recounts that 

"it was afterwards discovered that the only 

demon who wroufrht all these marvels was a dis- 
guised royalist— a fellow called Trusty Joe, or some 
such name, formerly in the service of the keeper of 
the Park, but who engaged in that of the Com- 
missioners, on purpose to subject them to hia 
persecution." 

He could not remember at the time where he 
had stumbled upon this discovery, but when 
he came to write his Introduction to 'Wood- 
stock ' for the collected edition of the novels 
— the " Magnum," as he familiarly termed it — 
he managed to light upon it again in the 
' Every-day Book ' of William Hone. Hone 
professed to have derived his information 
from a correspondent signing himself '^.voy- 
(^lAraTos, who had unearthed the whole story 
in an old periodical, viz., i\\Q British Magazine 
for April, 1747. This downright explanation 
of the marvels in question was utilized by 
Scott in his novel, and its authenticity 
remained unquestioned until the publication 
of Mr. Andrew Lang's " Border Edition " a few 
years ago. There were several points in the 
British 'Magazine story which could not fail 
to_ rouse the suspicions of a less experienced 
critic than Mr. Lang, and he made no secret 
of his reluctance to " accept evidence against 
the Good Devil which certainly would not be 
heard in his favour." A brief review of the 
facts of the case will sliow that this scepticism 
of his is amply justified ; indeed, I cannot 
help feeling some doubt whether the veracious 
contributor to the British Magazine ever 
meant him.self to be taken seriously at all. 
At any rate the imposition, if intended to 
deceive, is of quite exceptional character, as 
being an attempt to palm off an explanation 
of supernatural phenomena rather than such 
phenomena themselves. 

For the adventures in question the sources 
of information are four : — 

1. 'The Just Devil of Woodstock,' by 
Thomas Widdowes, minister of Woodstock, 
"a diary," according to Wood's 'Athene,' 

" which was exactly kept by the author for his 
own satisfaction, intending not to print it but 
after his death, the copy coming into the hands of 
another jterson, 'twas printed in Dec, 1660, and 
had the year 1649 imt at the bottom of the title " 



2. 'The Woodstock Scuffle,' London, 1649, 
an account of the occurrences in verse. 

3. Plot's 'Oxfordshire,' Oxford, 1677, chap- 
ter viii. This, writes Wood ('Life,' ed. Clark, 
i. 158), was "not from this printed copie [i.e., 
Widdowes's tract], which he never saw, as he 
himself hath told me, but from the relation 
of several! people that then [i.e., in 1649] 
lived." 

4. A short letter from J. Lydal, dated 
11 March, 1650, and printed in Aubrey's 
' Miscellanies ' (p. 84, ed. 1857). 

Nos. 1 and 2 are reprinted in an appendix 
to Scott's Introduction. 

For the next hundred years the occurrences 
minutely described by Widdowes and Plot 
remained a mystery ; but at last, in the afore- 
said British Magazine (London, printed for C. 
Corbett, at Addison's Head, in Fleet Street, 
vol. ii. p. 156) for April, 1747, appeared 
' The Genuine History of tlie Good Devil of 
Woodstock, famous in the World, in the year 
1649, and never accounted for, or at all under- 
stood to this time.' The writer begins by 
explaining how he had become acquainted 
with this "genuine history." 

" Some original papers having lately fallen into 
my hands, under the name of ' Authentic Memoirs 
of the Memorable Joseph Collins, of Oxford, 
commonly known by the name of Funny Joe,' and 
now intended for the press ; I was extreamly 
delighted to find in them a circumstantial and 
unquestionable account of the most famous of all 
invisible agents, so well known in the year 1649, 
under the name of the Good Devil of Woodstock," 

and so on. It seems that ' ' Funny Joe," under 
the feigned name of Giles Sharp, managed to 
get the post of secretary or servant to the 
Commissioners, and with the help of one or 
two confederates and a smattering of che- 
mical knowledge brought about all the won- 
derful events which took place. Perhaps it is 
hardly necessary to go any further, or flog a 
dead horse. Fortunately for the contributor 
to the British Magazine, the 'New English 
Dictionary ' did not exist in 1747, or " Funny 
Joe " would have had but a short shrift. The 
fact is that in 1649 the adjective by which he 
was then "commonly known " was itself un- 
known ; the earliest quotation for it in the 
' Dictionary ' is dated 1756 (the editor may 
like to have this of nine years earlier) ; and 
as to the noun " fun," it first appears about 
1700 in the sense of a hoax or practical joke, 
and in our modern sense not till some thirty 
years later. 

After this it is hardly surprising that 
neither Scott nor any one else has ever found 
any trace of the "memorable Joseph Collins" 
in the British Museum, and that he is equally 
unknown to Wood and all other Oxford 



gt" s. XI. May 9, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



371 



authorities. The story, however, would 
hardly be complete if I did not add that 
the narrator, conscious that the readers of 
the magazine would hardly appreciate Funny 
Joe's confessions without some acquaintance 
with the facts which they professed to 
explain, prefixes an account of the said 
facts, 

"drawn up and signed by the commissioners them- 
selves, and which I believe was never published, 
tho' it agrees very well with the accounts Dr. Plot 
and other authors of credit give of the whole affair. 
Tills I found affixed to the author's memorial with 

this title, 'A particular account collected and 

attested by themselves.'" 

The modesty displayed by our contributor is 
admirable ; the account had indeed never 
been published, and its agreement with that 
of Dr. Plot is beyond question. It is, in fact, 
as a comparison of the two will show, vamped 
up from the latter with the necessary inser- 
tions relative to " Giles Sharp," and a few 
playful touches, such as the following : — 

" Yet no footsteps appeared of any person what- 
ever being there, nor had the doors ever been opened 
to admit or let out any persons since their honours 
[the title invented by our contributor for the com- 
missioners] were last there It was therefore voted, 
nem. con., that the person who did this mischief 
could have entered no other way than at the key- 
hole of the said doors " ! 

Again : — 

" In the morning the bedsteads were found 
cracked and broken, and the said CTiles and his 
fellows declared they were sore to the bones with 
the tossing and jolting of the beds." 

And once more, while Plot is satisfied with 
telling us that a noise like the discharge of 
cannon was heard " a great way oflf," our 
account, determined that Giles's exploits 
shall lose nothing in the telling, magnifies 
this into '' throughout the country for six- 
teen miles round." It is almost superfluous 
to add that, as Mr. Lang pointed out, the 
secretary to the Commissioners in Widdowes 
is a "Mr. Browne"; but this tract of the 
Woodstock minister is an extremely rare 
one, and had probably escaped tlie researches 
of the discoverer of "Funny Joe." Together 
with ' The Scuffle ' it is among the tracts 
formerly stolen from Wood's collection now 
in the Bodleian. 

The only writers I have found who seem 
to have been acquainted with the British 
Magazine and its ' Authentic Memoirs of the 
Memorable Joseph Collins ' previous to Hone 
(1826) are Mavor in his ' New Description of 
Blenheim ' (1810) and Brewer in the ' Beauties 
of England and Wales ' (1813). 

H. A. Evans. 

iBegbroke, Oxon. 



Ancient Demesne or Cornwall Fee 
(Q'"^ S. X. 443 ; xi. 153, 210).— At the Record 
Office I have just come upon some Court 
Bolls of South TawtoD, Devon (Port. 165, 
No. 37), which I propose to print in e.rtenso 
in my next Devon Association paper. Mean- 
while a brief abstract may throw some 
further light on the subject of the over- 
lordship of that "Ancient Demesne," and may 
perhaps interest one of your correspondents 
who recently inquired after Manor Rolls. 

The first is headed — 

" South tawton. Cur legalis man'ii ib'ni ten't 
Quinto Die Octobris A" regn. D'ne Elizabeth Dei 
Gratia decinio-quinto." 

Its first items are — 

"Decenn' ib'm cu' eius decenn' ven' p's Xpoferu' 
man et Andrea Battishill quia p'mitt sepes suas 
sup'crescent' cu' Ramisint' bpyttell yeate etSpytell 
Crosse. I'o distr'. It'mp'sent' Nich'm Webber quia 
no' escur' Gutter suas u's West Nymp. I'o distr'." 

Then follows a list of the jurors, with the 
marginal note " xii pro manerio " ; and several 
presentments follow, the first being that 

"Ricus \¥ykes citra ult' cur legal diem suu' Glaus 
extrem' q' se'it fuit in dom'ico suo ut de feod' de tr' 
et ten' infra nian'iu' p'dict' et q'd Anna VVykes 
quond'ni ux'em sua sect' debet p' ten' p'dict' s'cd'm 
cons' man'ii p'dict'." 

Another list of jurors has the note "xii p' 
d'na Regina," and one of their presentments is 
" q'd Quidam Ricus Battyshill de luxillyan in Com' 
Cornub', gen'os, dedit & concessit cuidam petro 
Ebbysworthy om'ia messuag' tr' ten' reddit' reu'c' 

in Myddel Wyke infra nian'm p'dict', h'end 

eideni petro " 

Another is that 

"Thomas hole & Joh'es Oxenham ven' et dant 
d'ne de fin' p' licen' ei' dat' ad vendend' c'uic' [i.e., 
cerevisia, ale or beer] infra man'iu p'd 't p' unno 
anno intigro p'ximo futuro." 

In the margin are the words " flfin' p' c'uic' 
vendend vid" A list of fifty-two names 
follows, prefaced by "Ad hoc cur' ven'," and 
with the sum of " viiid" interlined above 
each, the amount being set down in the 
margin as "fine sect' xxxiiis. viiid," and 
the remark following, " Qui dant d'ne Regine 
de ffine p' eor' secta hoc anno respectanda." 

The first three names of this list are 
repeated in the next entry : — 

"Ad banc Cur' ven' Joh'es Wadham (viiirZ.), 
Thom's Care we de haccombe (viiirZ.) et Joh'es Cople- 
ston,* Ar. (viii(Z.), qui dant d'ne Regine de fine p' 
eor' homag' et fidelit' hoc anno futuro respect— ffin 
homag' ijd." 
The margin bears the same sum, and the 



• These are evidently the lords of the three 
(sub-) manors of South Tawton— t.e.. Blackball, 
Ash, and Itton. The borough of Zele, as will be 
seen, had its separate accounts. 



372 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [g*'^ s. xi. may 9, 1903. 



note " Reddit Cens' xs." opposite the closing 
item : " Onoratus est Balli'us de Redditum 
Cenc' [Censuali] ibra [penem?] recepte xs." 
Finally the sum total is set down, "S'm hui' 
Cur' xlviis. ijd." 

For the next Court, held 4 Nov. same year, 
the sura total is vie?. ; for the next, 7 Dec, 
IG Elizabeth, iijs. ixd. ; the next, 20 Jan., 
16 Elizabeth, iijs. vid. ; 17 Feb., xviii(f. ; 
24 March, xiid. ; 15 April, xviiic?. ; 12 May, 
ijs ; 2 June, xx\d. ; last day of June, ijs. ; 
28 July, xiid. ; 18 August, iijd. ; 7 Sept. (no 
sum entered) ; 18 Sept., iiijs. After thia, 
which is the last on the Roll, we get : — 

"S'm total ii]7i. ixs. xid. iinde fin' sect 
xzxiiis. viiid. ifin' homag' ij.s. fin' cu'is vend' vi. 
Reddit' cenc' x.s. Extur* sup' ann' xiirf. Aliis 
p'ques xxs. ixd. Inde in expens' Sen'l et Ball' 
ad ist xiij. Cur' venient' et existen' xxvi«. v'md. P' 
me Will'm Battishill deput' Sen'l." 

Several of the presentments are of sheep 
and cattle straying within the lordship ; for 
example : — 

" Ac j agn' alb p'ven 'in extur' ad tr' Joh'is Wykes, 
Ar. ad ffest' S'ci mich'is Arch'i ult' p't." 

Such, according to Jacob's 'Law Dictionary, 
if cried on two market days and not claimed 
within a year and a day, were forfeit to the 
lord of the liberty. Accordingly, we read : — 

" Ad banc cur' j ou' inn' q' p' iien' in extur' ad tr'e 
Thome Kellond ad fest Invenc' S'ce Cruc' anno 
p'tit modo sup' ann' ac d'ne regine ad iudicat eo 
q'd rem' ultra ann' et diem sive calumpnia alicuis." 

It is curious that, according to the record, 
the animals seem invariably to have chosen 
a feast day for their wanderings ! 

In the same Roll are four Courts " Man'ii 
Sele Burgus." For that of 9 Dec, 16 Eliza- 
beth, the sum is xvid. ; for 17 Feb., xiid. ; 
for 23 March, \id. ; and for 15 April, vid. ; 
followed by the items 

" ffin' Sect' v«. iiijd. Reddit' Cenc' iiijs. iiijri. Releu' 
iiij flBn' transgressionis xd. S'm Total xvs. xd. 
P' me Will'm Battisbill deput' Sen'l." 

In 'Excerpta Rot. Fin.,' p. 344, 1241 a.d., 
I find a list of manors granted to farm 
("li'nda ad firraam ") to Petronilla, who had 
been wife of Ralph de Tony, during the 
minority of the heir of the said Ralph. The 
moneys from these to be paid at Easter 
and Micliaelmas in each year to the guee7i 
(" De qua quidem pecunia reddet d'ne 
Rogine," &c.). Among them is the manor 
of Suthtauton in Com. Devon, "pro xxxvij7i. 
viijso/. iijden. oh." Though not in the above, 
yet in numerous authoritative documents, 
such as Subsidy Rolls, Lists of Stannators, 
inquisitions, and legal proceedings from the 
thirteontli to the sixteenth centurie.s, Soutli 
Taw ton is styled Ancient Demesne. For 



instance, in Exchequer Cr. R. B. and A., 
Eliz., No. 58, it is stated that George Milford 
held Wykington and Tawe " of Her Majesty, 
as part of her manor of South Tawton, being 
Ancient Demesne." Ethel Lega-Weekes. 

Races of Mankind (9*'^ S. xi. 169, 236).— The 
desired information could be found in one of 
the following works : Deniker's ' The Races 
of Mankind ' (Walter Scott, London, 1900), 
Ripley's ' The Races of Europe ' (D. Appleton 
& Co., New York, 1899), Haddon's ' The Study 
of Man '(Bliss, Sands & Co., London, 1898), 
Tylor's 'Anthropology' (D. Appleton & Co., 
New York, 1896), Ratzel's ' History of Man- 
kind,' translated bj'^ Butler and Tylor (3 vols. 
Macmillan, London, 1896-8). The last- 
named work, consisting of three quarto 
volumes, is expensive. 

Charles Bundy Wilson. 

The State University of Iowa, Iowa City. 

Keats's ' Ode to a Nightingale ' : the 
Original MS. (9^*^ S. xi. 305).— Keats certainly 
was careless with regard to spelling — his 
printed poems prove that ; but surely it is 
worthy of notice that, on the evidence of his 
printed poems at any rate, he almost invari- 
ably spells /airy with an e, not with an i. I 
say this at the risk of being classed with 
those who do not really know him. Mr. 
Buxton Forman, however, in his edition of 
the poems issued in 1884, claims to have 
printed everything as nearly as possible in 
accordance with what the poet wrote or 
meant to write, and in this edition I find 
faery in the ' Ode ' referred to, in ' La Belle 
Dame ' (I hope, by the way, that Mr. Forman 
does not print this as Keats meant to write 
it, for it is not so good a version as Lord 
Houghton's), in title ''Faery Song' (twice), 
in sonnet "When I have fears," in 'The Cap 
and Bells ' (which, however, has fairy once), 
and in the ' Song of Four Faeries' (both title 
and poem). All this may, of course, be acci- 
dental, but it certainly appears to be 
intentional. Does it not point to the influ- 
ence of Spenser ? At all events it is evidence 
(if allowed) that Keats's fairies were of 
literary origin. C. C. B. 

Watson of Barrasbridge (9*^^ S. ix. 388 ; 
X. 177, 237, 272, 351).— The following entry 
has been found in the obituary of the 'Cey- 
lon Almanac' of 1825 for the year 1824: 
" At Kandy, Lieut. Charles Watson, Ceylon 
Regiment, Staff Officer of Kandy." Now 
Lieut. Charles Mitford Watson died in 1824. 
He was a staff officer, on the staff of Col. 
Greenwell, and, furthermore, he appears to 
have been stationed in " the Kandian Pro- 



9* S. XI. May 9. 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



378 



vinces " (see letter from Col. Greenwell), the 
headquarters of which would be at Kandy. 
I think this is the Lieut. Watson Mr Leigh- 
ton is inquiring about. I have examined all 
the tombstones in the old military cemetery, 
Kandy. There is none to Lieut. Watson— 
at least none with any inscription, though it 
is possible that one of the older tombstones 
without any inscription, or with none now 
legible, may be his. The oldest date I could 
find (with the exception of one of 1817 on a 
tombstone which was discovered some years 
ago in some jungle half a mile from the 
cemetery and removed here) is 1821. There 
is one to another staff officer of Kandy, Capt. 
John Man waring, also of the Ceylon Rifle 
Regiment, who died five years later than this 
Lieut. Watson (1829). It is, however, curious 
that, though a Lieut. Watson died in Kandy 
in 1824 and must have been buried there, 
there is no entry in the burial register of this 
cemetery, which is in the hands of the eccle- 
siastical authorities, of the burial of a Lieut. 
Watson. The register goes back to 1823. In 
1824 the 16th and 45th Regiments, or detach- 
ments of them, wei'e stationed in Kandy, and 
there was the large number of 168 burials, 
but Lieut. Watson's name does not occur in 
the register. 

From a note at the end of the year 1824 it 
appears that some Europeans " were buried 
in the Roman Catholic chapel." Was Lieut. 
C. M. Watson a Roman Catholic ? This would 
account for his burial not being entered in 
the Church of England register. But there 
is no tomb in the Roman Catholic church 
bearing his name. 

There is another apparent difficulty as to 
the identification of the Lieut. Watson whose 
death is mentioned in the 'Ceylon Almanac ' 
with the Lieut. Charles Mitford Watson who 
is the subject of this query. The latter 
belonged to the 83rd Regiment, whereas the 
former is described as of the "Ceylon Regi- 
ment." But it is quite possible that the 
officer of the 83i'd got transferred to the 
Ceylon Regiment, and that this led to his 
becoming staff officer of Kandy. 

With regard to the Rev. Dr. Penny's refer- 
ence to the tomb of the Hon. George Turnour 
at Jaffna, it should be noted that the date of 
Mr. Tumour's death was 19 April, 1813, and 
not 1819 as incorrectly given in Ludovici's 
' Lapidarium Zeylanicum.' I have verified 
this myself ; but apart from this I had pre- 
viously ascertained that he ceased to be 
" Collector of the Wanny " in January, 181.3, 
and died shortly afterwards at Jaffna. He 
was the father of a more distinguished George 
Turnour, also of the Ceylon Civil Service, 



translator of the 'Mahawansa,' who died in 
1843. There is a tablet to the memory of 
this George Turnour in St. Paul's, Kandy, to 
the vicar of which church, the Rev. E. A. 
Copleston, I am indebted for reference to the 
burial register. J. P. L. 

Definition of Genius (6"' S. xi. 89, 190). 
— A correspondent at the former of these 
references asked for the passage on this 
subject generally credited to BufFon. In 
L' Intermediaire des Chercheurs et Curieux of 
25 March, 1882 (vol. xv. col. 162), appeared 
the similar question : — 

"Definition du g^nie, par Buffon. — ' Le g_^nie, 
c'est la patience, ou Vaptitude d la patience.' — Ce 
mot. attribu6 k Buffon, a-t-il 6i6 conservt^ par 
tradition, ou bien le trouve-t-on dans les Merits du 
grand naturalists ? Littr^ renvoie a son Discours 
de reception a I'Academie Fran^aise. C'est une 
erreur. — Un Provincial." 

But it was not until years afterwards that 
my attention was, quite by accident, drawn 
to it. However, as far as I am aware, no 
answer has ever appeared to the inquiry 
in that journal. Here is the answer ; but 
instead of confining myself to giving the 
exact quotation, with chapter and verse, I 
purpose indulging in a little, I hope, interest- 
ing gossip concerning my own search for the 
source of the quotation and its result. The 
phrase is often quoted, and I have met with 
the following variants : — 

" Le g^nie, c'est la patience." 
" Le genie n'est qu'uiie longue patience." 
" Le g^nie n'est qu'une plus grande aptitude k la 
patience." 

" Le g^nie n'est autre chose qu'une grande aptitude 
k la patience." 

Every one seems to attribute the phrase to 
Buffon, but I have only once found a refer- 
ence given, namely, to his ' Discours sur le 
Style,' in Littre's dictionary. But Littre is 
wrong : he quotes the sentence incorrectly 
also. We are here concerned only with the 
original French, but as it is often quoted or 
referred to in English, I venture to give one 
example for the sake of comparison. 

In 'Madame de Stael,'* a study of her life 
and times, by A. Stevens, LL.D., ch. iii. (1881, 
p. 61), speaking of a visit paid by her to 
Buffon, occurs the following : — 

"In an elegant studio, a iiavilion, so constructed 
as to exclude all surrounding sights and distractions, 
he meditated his picturesque descriptions and 
polished his periods, following his^^ well-known 
maxim that ' Genius is only patience.' " 



* Carlyle (' Hist, of Frederick the Great,' bk. iv. 
ch. iii.) writes: "The good plan itself, this comes 
not of its own accord ; it is the fruit of ' genius ' 
(which means transcendent capacity of taking 
trouble, first of all)." 



374 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [g*- s. xi. may 9, 1903. 



There may be much matter for discussion 
as to the truth or meaning of the sentence, 
but at present our only question is what is 
its exact source. Now, for a very long time 
I had been trying to find tliis out, and at 
last, having no further clue than that BufFon 
was the author, I almost began to despair. 
Then some one informed me that it was 
taken from his 'Discours sur le Style.' I 
immediately procured this, and carefully 
read every word (it is not very long), satisfy- 
ing myself that it was not there. Strangely 
enough, though, the edition I procured (pub- 
lished by Hachette & Cie.) quoted the phrase 
in an introductory notice, but without any 
indication as to where it was to be found. 
The question was also raised in a French 
work on quotations, in which the author 
confessed that he had been unable to 
trace the sentence. My despair became 
accentuated, and I could only wait for some 
lucky chance. One day at the British 
Museum I happened to notice in the Cata- 
logue, under DTsraeli's name, the title of a 
book by Bolton Corney, ' Curiosities of 
Literature Illustrated,' and being curious 
to know something about the discussion that 
seemed to have taken place, I consulted the 
work. I had not turned over many pages 
before I met the well-known phrase, and 
what is more, a foot-note with a reference to 
a work by Herault de Sechelles, entitled 
'Voyage a Montbar,' published in 1801, and 
descriptive of a visit paid by the author to 
Buffon in 1785.* To obtain the book was 
the work of a few minutes, and I grew quite 
excited as I turned to the page indicated 
(p. 1.5). But there was no mistake this time : 
there it was ; and this is how it was intro- 
duced. I quote at some length, because, in a 
measure, some light is thrown on the meaning 
of the phrase— at all events, as understood by 
M. de Sechelles :— 

" Son exemple et ses discours m'ont confirm^, que 
qui veut la gloire passionn6ment, finit ])ar I'obtenir, 
ou du nioins en ajiproche de bien iirdss. Mais il 
faut vouloir, et non pas une fois ; il faut vouloir 
tous les jours. J'ai oui-dire qu'un homme qui a 
6t<5 niarechal de France et grand general, se pro- 
nienait tous les matins un quart-d'heure dans sa 
chambre, et qu'il eniployait ce tenis k se dire k lui- 
meme : ' je veux etre mar^chal de France et grand 
general.'! M. de Buffon me dit h ce sujet un mot 
bien frai^pant, un de ces mots capable de produire 
un homme tout entier : ' Le g^nie n'est qu'une plus 
grande aptitude :\ la patience.' 11 suffit en effet 
d'avoir rer^u cette (jualitc de la nature : avec elle on 
regarde long-tems les objets, et Ton parvient k les 
pen^trer." 



* Buffon died 1788. 

t " Ne serait-ee pas M, de Belle-Isle?" Note by 
the editor. 



Here, as far as I have been able to ascertain, 
are the exact phrase and its exact source, 
and, apparently, there is a very good reason 
for no one having been able to find it in any 
of BufFon's works— it is not there.* 

Emerson, in his essay on ' Quotation and 
Originality,' says : — 

" Next to the originator of a good sentence is the 
first quoter of it." 

And, until proved otherwise, to He'rault de 
Sechelles belongs the honour in the present 
instance, for, although Madame de Stael 
appears to have visited the great naturalist 
at a date earlier than 1785, yet I do not find 
that she herself records the phrase. Mr. 
Stevens, as has been said, mentions the 
phrase in his book as " Genius is only 
patience," but does not state that it was 
quoted by Madame de Stael. If M. de 
Sechelles had not placed it on record for 
future generations (as BufFon only appears 
to have said and not written it) the famous 
sentence would have been lost to posterity. 
As it is, the words were buried for a time. 
Bolton Corney, on this side of the Channel, 
disinterred it ; bj' a mere chance — being on 
the look-out — I happened to dig it up once 
more, and now the information is in the 
broad daylight aflforded by the pages of 
' N. & Q.' As they say in the obituary an- 
nouncements in the daily papers, "Foreign 
and colonial papers, please copy." 

I may add tnat oechelles's book was re- 
printed in 1890 in the series of " Les Chefs- 
d'cEuvre Inconnus" (7, Rue de Lille, Paris). 

Since writing the above I have met with 
the following in I. D'Israeli's essay on ' Quo- 
tation ': — 

"And Bayle, perhaps too much prepossessed in 
their favour, has insinuated, that there is not less 
invention in a just and happy application of a 
thought found in a book, than in being the first 
author of that thought." 

Did he refer to Bayle's remark as to Sanchez 
(Thomas) :— 

" Parmi tous ces grans (^loges il n'y en a gu^re qui 
lui fasse jilus d'hnnneur, que celui qui se rapporte k 
I'exactitude de citer. C'est un talent beaucoup 
plus rare que Ton ne pense " ; 

or otherwise ? Edwa-rd Latham. 

01, Friends' Road, East Croydon. 

[5"> S. xii. 97 and 7"- S. iii. 84 refer to Carlyle's 
' Frederick the Great,' vol. i. p. 407, as containing 
the expression, "It is the fruit of ' genius' (which 
means transcendent capacity of taking infinite 
trouble first of all)," &c.] 

The Last of the Pre- Victorian M. P.s (D*** 
S. ix. 226, 333, 378 ; xi. 255).— John Temple 

* This is, of course, subject to any further infor- 
mation that may be forthcoming on the point. 



9'h S. XI. May 9, 1903.] 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



375 



Leader was in the year 1830 a Gentleman- 
Commoner of Christ Church, and had 
amongst his contemporaries at the " House '' 
many men afterwards highly distinguished, as 
Gladstone, Lord Canning, Sir George Lewis, 
H. G. Liddell, and Robert fScott, with a host 
of others (see 'Oxford Calendar' of 1831). 
Mr. Leader was a friend of E. J. Trelawny, 
who, in company with Lord Byron and Leigh 
Hunt, burnt the remains of Shelley, who had 
been shipwrecked on the Gulf of Spezzia in 
1823, and an old friend of mine showed me 
the proces verbal ordering it. Trelawny was 
the author of a remarkable but familiar 
story, 'The Adventures of a Younger Son,' 
published in the "Standard Novels" and 
recently reprinted. The mention of the 
' Monograph on Robert Dudley, generally 
suppo.sed to be the Illegitimate Son of Queen 
Elizabeth's Favourite the Earl of Leicester, 
who entered the Service of the Duke of 
Tuscany, and founded an Italian Familj^ of 
some Note,' cited from the Daily Graphic 
{ante, p. 255), reminds me of a circumstance 
connected with it which happened many 
years ago. In 1874, as far as I remember, my 
old friend the Rev. William Falconer, rector of 
Bushey, Herts, for whom I had been officiating 
in his absence, commissioned me on his 
return from Florence to place in the hands 
of the late Mr. Brooke, of UfFord, near Wood- 
bridge, a copy of this book just issued, and 
no doubt it found a place in the fine library 
at Ufford, and was duly catalogued by the 
owner, a man in every way worthy of such a 
library. Mr. Falconer was a man who had 
resided much abroad, and had been in his 
early life a fellow and tutor of Exeter 
College, Oxford. John Pickford, M.A. 
Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge. 

' Vicar of Wakefield ' (Q*"^ S. xi. 187, 274).— 
See a paper on ' The Supposed Source of the 
"Vicar of Wakefield " and its Treatment by 
Zschokke and Goldsmith ' in the Transactions 
of the Royal Society of Literature, second 
series, xix. 93. The writer of this interesting 
essay is Mr. Percy W. Ames. 

William E. A. Axon. 

Footprints of Gods, &c. (9"' S. vi. 163, 223, 
322, 391 ; vii. 233).— To my previous articles 
under this heading I may be allowed the fol- 
lowing additions : — 

1. The 'Eigwa Monogatari,' a Japanese 
historical narrative, written in the eleventh 
century, book xxii. p. 3, ed. 1891, Tokio, has 
this passage : — 

" In the reign of King Asoka, once, when he asked. 

Who saw the Buddha in his life ? ' he was informed 

by a minister of the younger sister of King Hashi- 



noku as the very person. She was called in, and 
answered to the king's query that she actually 
saw the Buddha, who was without parallel in his 
ap])earance, and that even after his ascension his 
footprints were shining for a week." 

2. The ' Nomori - no - Kagami,' fourteenth 
century, in Hanawa's 'Collection,' reprint 
1902, vol. xvii. p. 482, mentions a pair of clogs 
said to have been worn by Shoku Sh6nin, a 
Japanese Buddhist saint of the eleventh cen- 
tury, kept as his relic in a celebrated church 
on account of their " having received the 
feet that carried him into the paradise." 

3. In Twan Ching-Shih's ' Yuyang Tsah-tsu,' 
ninth century, the author speaks of his meet- 
ing with a Japanese priest who had returned 
from his journey in India. According to him, 
in the Buddhist churches in India it was 
then a current usage to pay reverence to the 
famous Chinese pilgrim Hiuen-Tsiang, to 
represent whom only the shoes he brought 
from China were painted on clouds in varie- 
gated colours ; for these articles were then 
the objects of great curiosity to the Indians. 

4. Plutarch says in his life of Pyrrhus: — 

"It was believed that he cured the swelling 
spleen by sacrificing a white cock, and with his 
right foot gently pressing the part affected, the 
patients lying upon their backs for that purpose. 

It is also said that the great toe of that foot 

had a divine virtue in it ; for, after his death, when 
the rest of his body was consumed, that toe was 
found entire and untouched by the flames."— Trans. 
Langhorne, § 4. 

KUMAGUSU MiNAKATA. 

Mt. Nachi, Kii, Japan. 

Robert Louis Stevenson— Corinthian : 
Put (9"^ S. xi. 267). — "Queer old put" is a 
specimen of " Thames ribaldry " in Addison's 
Spectator, No. 383 Macaulay quotes it 
(letter to Macvey Napier, 18 April,_ 1842) 
when defending the occasional use in his own 
Edin. Rev. articles of familiar phrases. The 
word put has, I believe, an unsavoury mean- 
ing. Halliwell ('Diet. Arch, and Prov. Wds.,' 
s.v.) gives: "10. A stinking fellow. Devon." 
Is not this the Old French jnit, from Latin 
putidtcs? Thence (see Brachet, 'Etym. Fr. 
Did.') pimais, fetid; punaise, bug;_;mto^■s, 
polecat. This derivation tallies with the 
Somersetshire use of the word 2mtt— more 
precisely dung-putt— iov a cart employed in 
the dirtiest farm-work. Chas. P. Phinn. 

Watford. 

"Hagioscope" or Oriel? (9"^ S. xi. 301, 
321.) — On p. 322, ante, I expressed myself 
badly with regard to the word loricida. 
What I meant to say was that the Lat. 
loricula,a. breastplate, and the mediaeval or 
modern loricula, an opening in a chancel 
wall, could not be identical, there being no 



376 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [O'" s. xi. may 9, im 



similarity in meaning. Possibly the latter 
word will be found in some Italian or Spanish 
dictionary of architectural terms, and it is 
very desirable that its origin should be dis- 
covered. S. O. Addy. 

What is amiss with loricula ? See ' Csesar,' 
'B. G,' viii. 9, a book ascribed to Aulus 
Hirtius. Ainsworth's dictionary gives for lo7-i- 
cula, over the above quotation, '" a gallery or 
balcony on a wallside, with grates to keep 
one from falling"; and for lorica, ''a shed, 
or penthouse, built over a wall " (Vitruvius). 

A better quotation fromllitson's 'Romances' 
could have been found in ' The Squyr of 
Lowe Degre,' 1. 91 : — 

That lady herde his mournyng all, 
Ryght under the chanibre wall ; 
In her oryall there she was, 
Closed well with royall glas, 
Fulfylled it was with ymagery, 
Every wyndowe by and by, 
On eche syde had there a gynne, 
Sperde with many a dyvers pynne. 

There is much about "oriel" in Halliwell, 
whom it is superfluous to quote. H. P. L. 

How would Me. Addy describe the "hagio- 
scope " or squint (so called by us) in the 
church of St. Thomas a Becket, Uliff, Lewes? 

Caroline Steggall. 

Lewes. 

_ These squints are not usually on the south 
side. I have just returned from a ramble in 
Monmouthshire, and the three or four squints 
I saw and sketched are all on the north side 
between the north transept and the chancel. 
These transepts in ancient churches were 
generally, if not always, private chapels. 

R. B— R. 

Rings in 1487 (9^*^ S. xi. 308).— This identical 
query, based on the same will, was asked at 
3"' S. iii. 328, and replies followed at pp. 416, 
460, 516. The " wells " are the wounds of our 
Lord. They are represented in ancient glass 
in Sidmouth Church ; and a corresponding 
ring is described and engraved in Gent. Mag., 
1803, i. 497. The " wells " also appear 'in 
Pugin's 'Glos.sary,' pi. 63. W. C. B. 

Road Waggons from Liverpool (9*'' S. xi. 
88). — Presumably the Liverpool to London 
journey is to be understood by Mrs. Cope's 
inquiry. The difficulties of this journey, 
owing to the bad roads, were notorious, even 
after the carriers' task was lightened by the 
cutting of the canals, which facilitated a 
traffic by what was known as the "canal 
waggon." The waggoner was often, by reason 
of these bad roads, compelled to employ five, 
six, seven, eight, and even ten strong horses, 



and many were the suggestions put forward 
for the improved construction of waggon- 
wheels. There was, however, for a long time 
very little direct heavy-goods traffic by waggon 
between London and Liverpool, for until the 
Plague in 1665, which drove many of the 
London merchants to Liverpool, that village 
contained no more than 4,000 inhabitants. 
(See Richard Fielder's ' Case in Relation to 
the Petition of the Waggoners,' 1696, and 
'The Case of John Littledale against the 
Pretended Petition of the Waggoners travel- 
ling the Northern Roads of England ' ; 
Sydney's 'Social Life in England from 1660 
to 1690,' 1892, p. 92 ; Thomas Baines's ' Hist, 
of Liverpool,' 1852, pp. 252-3 ; and Sydney's 
'England and the English in the Eighteenth 
Century,' 1891, vol. ii. p. 12, et seq.) The 
"Axe" in Aldermanbury was the principal 
stopping-place for the wainman from Lanca- 
shii'e (Taylor's 'Carriers' Cosmographie,' 1637), 
and so this famous waggoners' inn continued 
right up to the time of the usefulness of stage 
waggons being superseded by railways. In 
1742 the Cheshire and Lancashire waggons 
set out from the " Axe " Inn in Aldermanbury 
every Thursday and Monday. Passengers 
were accommodated with places, and goods 
were carried to Betley, Church Lauton, Sand- 
batch, Holmes Chapel, Middlewich, Knots- 
ford, North wich, Altringham, Manchester, 
Rochdale, Bury, Bolton, Wiggan, Warrington, 
Prescot, Ormskirk, Liverpool, and places 
adjacent {Daily Advertiser, 22, 23, 25, 26 June, 
1742). In Taylor's time it took ten days in 
summer and twelve in winter to perform the 
journey ('Cosmog.,' 1637). 

In 1807 waggons started from the "Axe" 
daily at noon. In 1810 what was called a 
canal waggon left the "Axe," the "Salis- 
bury Arms" in Cow Lane, the "Saracen's 
Head" in Snow Hill, and the "Castle "and 
the "Bell" in Wood Street, daily for Liver- 
pool. In 1821 another step in the progress 
of heavy-goods conveyance was the running 
of a fly waggon, presumably a more expe- 
ditious waggon, which left Jolly's Warehouse, 
13, Aldei'sgate Street, daily for Liverpool. 
In 1823 ''fly waggon" is printed in Roman 
capitals as if the venture had been a 
great success. In 1824, besides the fly 
waggon and canal waggon (the latter was 
then still going), we hear for the first 
time of a "van" which left the "Castle and 
Falcon," Aldersgate, and the "Castle" in 
Wood Street, for the same destination. And 
so this service of waggons and vans continued 
up to at least 1839. In September, 1838, the 
London and Liverpool Railway line was 
opened. In 1840 the railway is mentioned in 



9'^ S. XI. May 9, 1903] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



377 



the Post Office Conveyance Directory for the 
first time. In 1843 waggons are mentioned 
for the last time. In 1844 the van service 
had not ceased, but 1845 is the last year in 
which even the van is mentioned in the con- 
veyance list. See ' The New Guide ' at the 
end of the London Post Office Directory for 
each of the above-mentioned years, namely, 
from 1807 to 1845. See further 'Observations 
on Stage Waggons,' by William Deacon, 1807; 
'A New and Accurate Description of the 
Present Great Roads,' &c., 1756 ; ' The Laws 
of Cairiers, Innkeepers, Warehousemen, 
and other Depositories of Goods for Hire,' 
by Henry Jeremy, A.B., 1815-18 ; 'The 
Carriers' Case considered in reference to 
Railways,' 1841; Hone's 'Year-Book,' 1892, 
p. 726; the 'Picture of London for 1803,' 
p. 358 ; and the 'Middlesex County Records,' 
vol. iii., 1888 (4 June, 1650). In 1818 the 
Grand Junction and Paddington canals 
formed a regular line of water conveyance 
into Lancashire, the fly boats leaving Pad- 
dington daily to Liverpool in that year ; and 
covered caravans for the conveyance of goods 
only went from the "Castle'' Inn, Wood 
Street, Cheapside, every evening at six o'clock 
to Loughborough, Derby, Ashbourne, Leek, 
Macclesfield, Stockport, Manchester, in thirty- 
six hours, whence goods were forwarded to 
Liverpool, Warrington, Wigan, Preston, Lan- 
caster, and all parts of Lancashire ('The 
Picture of London for 1818,' p. 418). 

J. HOLDEN MacMiCHAEL. 
161, Haniniersmith Road. 

In Smiles's 'Lives of the Engineers,' vol. i., 
pub. 1861 (Murray, Albemarle Street, London), 
chap. V. p. 362, &,c., some details will be found. 
Until 1750 (see p. 366) the road to Liverpool 
was very bad. Even then coaches from Man- 
chester could only reach Warrington. Pro- 
bably goods for Liverpool could only travel 
on packhorses or by river. On p. 400 it says 
that tlie first vessel passed on 1 January, 
1773, to Liverpool through the locks at Run- 
corn. The regular stage waggons must have 
begun between 1750 and 1773 all the year 
round. R- B. B. 

Notes on Skeat's 'Concise Dictionary' 
(9"' S. X. 83, 221, 356, 461 ; xi. 43,141, 235).— 
Mr. Platt says that there is evidence that 
the standard pronunciation of sigh was sith 
far into the eighteenth century. Pope's evi- 
dence is to the contrary. His translations 
from Ovid were his earliest work ; and the 
epistle was printed in the year 1717 :— 

She said ; and for her lost Galanthis sighs, 
When the fair consort of her son replies. 

' Table of Dryope,' translated from Ovid. 



The truest hearts for Voiture heaved with sighs ; 
Voiture was wept by all the brightest eyes. 

' Epistle to Miss Blount.' 

E. Yardley. 

The town of Keighley, in Yorkshire, sup- 
plies another example of gh being sounded 
like t/i. In that county the name is invariably 
pronounced as if it were spelt Keethley. 
On the other hand, in Es.sex the personal 
name Blyth is pronounced Bligh. 

Henry Smyth. 

Harborne. 

San Diego (9"' S. xi. 129).— The Antiquary 
in Gald6s's novel ' Narvaez ' says (p. 31) : — 

" Resultando que ni por una parte ni por otra se 
puede probar que fuera romano el tal Porcellos, 
cuyo verdadero nombre castellano fu6 Didacus 
Roderici, que es como decir Dieyo Rodriguez " ; 

and p. 52 : — 

" Su nombre es Didaco 6 Yago, aunque vulgar- 
mente lo Uamau Diego." 

^'Didacus oder Diego, Bischoff zu Osma in 
Spanien " (' Universal Lexicon '). 

" Diago. Forma antigua de Diego. Etimologia. 
Variante de Jacob, por conversion de la j en di, 
como en el italiano diacere, derivado del latin jacere: 
Jacob, lacob, Diacob, Diagus, Diago. La mutacion 
de j en di es simetrica de la mutacion de rfz en j, 
como se ve en jornal, el trabajo diario ; del latin 
diurndlis, forma de dies, dia. El origen de Diego, 
que Monlau sienta, es perfectamente seguro y 
merece un placeme." 
The Portuguese form is Diogo. 

'^Santiago. Etimologia. Bajo latin, Sanctus 
Yagus : castellano antiguo, Sant iago, del latin 
lacob, Jacob. Puede afirmarse que Diago, Diego, 
Iago, Yago, Jacobo, Jacome y Jaime representau el 
mismo vocablo de origen " (Barcia, ' Dice. Etimo- 
logico de la Lengua Espaiiola '). 

San Diego de Alcala was a lay brother of the 
Franciscan Order of Minorities. He spent 
the last thirteen years of his life (1450-63) 
in the Convent of Santa Maria de Jesiis, in 
Alcala, where he died 12 November, 1463. 
He was credited with miraculously restoring 
to health, after the doctors had given him 
up, Don Carlos, son of Philip II., in 1562, in 
Alcala. For this, at the instance of the king, 
he was canonized by Pope Sixtus V. in 1588. 
His day is 12 November (' Flos Sanctorum,' 
Rivadeneyra, torn. i. p. 849). A. D. Jones. 

Oxford. 

Has not Didactis been proposed as the 
etymology of the name Diego 1 

E. S. DODGSON. 

" SuRiziAN " (9th s. xi. 287). — In the 
Coroner's Roll for London in the year 1277 
one Symon de Winton, taverner, is described 
as lying dead in the house of Robert le 
Surigien (Riley's ' Lond. Mem.,' 1868, p. 12); 
but with only the brief context given by 



378 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9'" s. xi. May 9. 1903. 



Mr. C. Swynnerton to judge by, it would 
appear that "surizian" is an old French 
form, not of "surigien," but of suzerain, a 
title used in the French feudal system to 
denote the liege lord or sous-souverain (of 
which it is obviously an abbreviation), who 
was a vassal to the Crown, and who in turn 
exacted homage from the vassals who held 
lands under him. A " William le Chy valer " 
is described as a baker in the introduction 
to Kiley's ' Memorials ' (p. xxix), but a 
"chi valer" is no doubt in the connexion 
noted the old French form of "chevalier." 
Ducange gives "chivaler" as a horseman, 
and this seems to be the origin of the title of 
"chevalier," the next in France beneath that 
of baron. J. Holden MacMichael. 

I suppose it is scarcely likely that the 
word "suzerain" is intended. And yet this 
would be quite compatible with the word 
"vostre." My dictionary says: ^^ Suzerain, 
seigneur qui possedait un fief relevant im- 
mediatement du roi, et duquel d'autres fiefs 
relevaient directement." 

Edwarb Latham. 

61, Friends' Road, E. Croydon. 

Chaucerian Quotation {d^'^ S. xi. 309).— 
The line in Chaucer which is referred to is 
1. 1267 of the ' Knightes Tale,' or 1. 2125 of 
Group A in the Six-Text edition, or 1. 2127 
in Tyrwhitt's edition. It runs thus: "Ther 
nis no newe gyse, that is nas old," where 
neiv-e is dissyllabic. We find something very 
similar to this in Ecclesiastes i. 9 : " The 
thing which hath been, it is that which shall 
be; and that which is done is that which 
shall be done ; and there is no new thing 
under the sun." Walter W. Skeat. 

Longevity (9''' S. xi. 287).— I think it would 
be well to reprint and index the following in 
' N. & Q.' If the statements here made are 
authentic, of which there seems no room for 
doubt, Mrs. Neve was probably the oldest 
Englishwoman of whose age we have any 
trustworthy record : — 

" The death of Mrs. Margaret Anne Neve, of 
Guernsey, really deserves separate record. When 
she died last Saturday she was within forty-three 
days of her hundred and eleventh year, and was, if 
not the oldest of his Majesty's subjects, at least the 
oldest of those about whose age there is no doubt 
or question. She had been a known person, living 
in a recognisable position all her life, and could 
produce all kinds of official confirmation of her 
statements. That is the point of interest about 
her. The Americans say they can produce a man, 
one Noah lioliy, who is nineteen years older, the 
Russians have quite a list to show of men who are 
a hundred and twenty and upwards, and there are 
negroes and negresses in the West Indian Islands 
assumed to be older still ; but in all these cases the 



evidence is dubious or the witnesses likely to be 
credulous. About Mrs. Neve there is no question, 
or about her permanent good health and freedom 
from sickness or pain. A girl originally of perfect 
constitution, she was brought up and lived her 
life under conditions exceptionally favourable to 
longevity. The instance teaches little, for the com- 
bination of conditions is rarely met with ; but we 
wish the number of proved nonagenarians could be 
clearly ascertained. It would be found, we believe, 
that since the days of the Psalmist ten years have 
been added to the life of man, and this in almost all 
grades of society. W^hether it is worth while to 
live those extra ten years and survive all of your 
own generation is another matter ; but the fact that 
you may is of importance to the physical history of 
man. Our own belief, founded on the evidence of 
suits of armour, is that there has been an equal 
increase in the average bulk of the great white race : 
but that belief is much more difficult of final proof." 
—Spectator, 11 April, p. 559. 

K. P. D. E. 

What proof is there that Mrs. Neve actually 
reached the age of 110 1 An entry in a parish 
register is not conclusive, for she may not be 
the person then born. All the evidence as to 
her " faculties" tends to show that she might 
have been thirty or forty years younger. 
Was any interest aroused when she became 
a centenarian ? One would expect to hear 
something about so old a lady at least 
annually after her hundredth year. 

Thos. Blashill. 

Gods and Men (9"; S. xi. 305).— Perhaps 
one of the most striking and noteworthy 
examples of apotheosis or deification of men 
is that of Alexander the Great. His original 
likeness, as probably preserved to us in the 
precious ancient marble bust of the Louvre, 
which bears his name in an epigraph, has 
been so greatly altered and idealized by later 
Greek sculptors that he appears transformed 
not onlj'^ into the mythical shape of the semi- 
god Herakles, but transfigured and raised to 
the images of Helios Apollo, and even of 
Jupiter Ammon. H. Krebs. 

Hock- : Ocker- (9^^ S. xi. 208).— The above 
are certainly not connected with A.-S. hoh, 
heel, which connotes length, not height, and 
is akin to Etig. hough, hock. The required 
cognate words are O.N. haugr, M.H.G. houc, 
Lith. kaukaras (hill), Eng. hoiv, Sc. heuch ; 
root keuk, to bend, bow out. H. P. L. 



SIisjctnan£0tt8. 

NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. 

Six Dramas of Calderon. Freely translated by 

Edward FitzGerald. Edited 'by H. Oelsner, 

M.A., Ph.D. (Moring.) 

Both welcome and judicious is the inclusion in a 

volume of the pretty and convenient series known 



g'l'S.xi.MAYg.igos.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



379 



as "The King's Classics" of the translation by 
Edward FitzGerald of six dramas of Calderon. In 
a handy shape the plays have been all but in- 
accessible, and we have ourselves, when anxious 
to consult the selected plays, had to do so in a 
large-paper copy of the handsome, but cumbrous 
English and American edition of 1887- In their 
present form the dramas assume what we always 
regarded as our favourite shape— a volume small 
enough for the pocket, but with every luxury of 
type, paper, and binding, in addition to serviceable 
prefatory matter and notes. The six plays chosen 
by FitzGerald do not belong to Calderon's highest 
flight, but all of them are characteristic of his work- 
manship. As to the reason for the selection of these 
rather than other plays some interesting information 
is supplied in the appendix. The most consider- 
able work, from the dramatic standpoint, is ' The 
Mayor of Zalamea,' the termination of which, with 
the execution of a State criminal by the newly 
appointed magistrate in the jiresence of the king 
himself, is a trait of indescribable hardihood. ' Gil 
Perez' is a remarkable specimen of a comedy of 
intrigue and action. Very unlike are the various 
works, but they are linked together by the tine 
but exaggerated code of honour by which all 
are animated, as well as by a grimness of treat- 
ment which asserts itself as strongly in the comic 
pieces — if any can be regarded as such — as in 
the most melodramatic. It is curious, in 'The 
Painter of his own Dishonour,' to find a coach 
described as including happiness, pride, " and (a 
modern author says) respectability." This anti- 
cipates by a couple of centuries or so the gig of 
respectability. A scene of boasting by Lazaro in 
'Keep your own Secret' is imitated from FalstafFs 
rogues in buckram. A phrase — 

There shall be done 
A deed of dreadful note — 

is from ' Macbeth.' The vigour and simplicity of 
FitzGerald's translation have long been conceded 
and admired. The notes and explanations are 
excellent in all respects. 

The Reliquary and Illustrated Archa'ologist. Edited 

by J. Romilly Allen, F.S.A. (Bemrose & Sons.) 
The number for April contains articles of great 
interest, and the illustrations are exceptionally 

food. Mr. F. W. Galpin gives an account of 'The 
'ortland Reeve Staff,'and refers to the conveyance of 
land by " church gift," where vendor and purchaser 
merely meet in the parish church and sign the deed 
in the presence of two householders ; the law of 
"gavelkind," with its special privileges for the 
landowner ; and the descent of intestate property 
to all the sons in equal shares. The Reeve Staff, as 
a method of reckoning the rent of the tenants to 
the king as lord of the manor, is fully described, 
and illustrations are given. The Reeve Courts are 
held at the "George" Inn in May and November, 
the staff being laid on the table during the sitting, 
and the total rent paid to the sovereign always 
remains the same, being \il. 14,s. 'M., of which \l. is 
returned to the Reeve. The sum paid to the Reeve 
is somewhat larger owing to the increased number 
of houses. Mr. W. Heneage Legge contributes ' The 
Decorative Artsjof our Forefathers, as exemplified 
in a Southdown Village ' ; Mr. I. Giberne Sieve- 
king ' An Old Leicestershire Village in the Hundred 
of Guthlaxton'; and Dr. J. Charles Cox 'Ancient 
Coffers and Cupboards,' being a review of Mr. Roe's 



book published by Messrs. Methuen. Dr. Cox states 
that " until Mr. Roe put forth his handsome volume 
there was no monograph that could be consulted on 
the subject of the old chests or coffers that are to 
be found in not a few of our imrish churches, and 
occasionally in other places." 

The English Historical Revieto for this quarter 
is chiefly notable for the continuation or Miss 
Tucker's interesting study of Gian Matteo Giberti. 
A charter published by Mr. C. C. Crump raises an 
important point as to the existence, after all, of a 
gild merchant in London. This has hitherto been 
denied by Mr. Gross, and scholars were accus- 
tomed to consider the matter settled. But this 
charter, if genuine, appears to allude to it unmis- 
takably. The point will doubtless receive further 
attention. The review of ' The Cambridge Modern 
History ' is from the pen of the Rev. E. W. Watson. 
Considering the importance of the book, and the 
space often given in this quarterly to such reviews, 
we must say that the notice appears absurdly short 
and inadequate. The reviewer's judgment is not 
very favourable. He complains of the want of co- 
operation and frequent overlapping, and apparently 
dislikes the papers on Savonarola and Machiavelli, 
to our thinking among the best things in the book. 
On the other hand, he overrates Sir Richard Jebb's 
essay, and passes over in silence the really valuable 
chapter of Dr. James. 

The most noteworthy feature in the Fortnightly 
consists of a full notice by Mr. Maurice A. Geroth- 
wohl of the new Sardou play on Dante. To what 
favour or indiscretion it is to be assigned that a 
play carefully withheld from those most closely 
associated with dramatic enterprise came into the 
possession of the writer we do not know. Any- 
thing rather than a model of dramatic comment is 
what is said concerning it. In part ii. of ' Did 
Shakespeare read the Greek Tragedians?' Mr. 
Churton Collins claims for Shakespeare a close 
familiarity with tiie Greek anthology, derived, it 
is supposed, from the Latin translations which in 
the sixteenth century accompanied the Greek text. 
Mr. Collins's contention that Shakespeare read the 
poems in translation is well urged. Mr. F. Gribble 
writes on ' The Art of Lord Lytton ' and Mr. J. 
Cuthbert Hadden on 'Samuel Pepys.' — In the 
Nineteenth Century Mr. Augustine Birrell writes 
very smartly in ' Some More Letters of Mrs. 
Carlyle.' What is said about Carlyle's indulgence 
in random vituperation is very good, and we echo 
the complaint against reprinting Carlyle's senseless 
and unpardonable utterance concerning Lamb. 
Mr. Tuker speaks of singing as a lost art. 'A 
Forgotten Adventurer,' by Lady Jersey, may be 
read with much interest.— Mr. George D. Abrahams 
describes in the Pall Mall ' A New Alpine Play- 
ground.' Mr. Henley writes inspiredly on 'The 
Secret of Wordsworth,' and Mr. William Sharp, in 
' Literary Geography,' gives a good account of the 
land of Scott. — In the Uornhill are some amusing 
recollections of 'Dean Farrar as a Head Master,' 
by an old pupil, and a good essay ' Rejected 
Addresses.'— Mr. Andrew Lang in Longman's has 
many observations of high interest to Byronians, 
and is throughout 'At the Sign of the Ship' 
edifying, entertaining, and delightful. — In the 
Gentleman's Mr. Ralph Richardson describes 'Low- 
land Life and Character ' and Mr. J. K. Tullo writes 
on 'Dick Steele.' 



380 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [g*" s. xi. may 9, im 



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The Book-lover's Leaflet of Messrs. Pickering & 
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of Melancholy '; that of Cavendish's ' Life of Wolsey '; 
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Mr. James Wilson, of Birmingham, makes a 
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Mr. Thomas Thorp, of Reading, advertises a 
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tints. 

Mr. W. T. Spencer's most interesting lots are, as 
usual, under Dickens, Rossetti, Ruskin, and other 
recent celebrities. The catalogue contains, how- 
ever, a collection of coloured portraits of artists, 
believed to be unique and priced 90/. 

Messrs. W. N. Pitcher & Co., of Cross Street, 
Manchester, announce at a price comparatively 
cheai) a Payne's ' Arabian Nights,' which, though 
in less demand, is better, as more readable, than 
that of Burton. A Pagan's ' Bartolozzi,' one of a 
hundred co))ies, repays attention, as do a large- 
paper ' Hours of Idleness,' first edition ; an extra- 
illustrated ' Letters and Journals of Byron ' ; a set 



of Manchester playbills ; a Pierce Egan's ' Real 
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Mr. Alexander Macphail, of Edinburgh, among 
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Messrs. A. Maurice & Co. possess an extra-illus- 
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In their Catalogue CCCXL. Messrs. Henry Young 
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several rare Spencers. 

Mr. Wni. Brown, of Edinburgh, ofi'ers an uncut 
first ' Vathek '; the Duchesse de Berry's copy of the 
' Henriade,' 18-J5, bound by Simier ; Blake, the 1884- 
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English translation, both parts, 1625-20 ; an extra- 
illustrated Burnet, from the Battle Abbey collec- 
tion ; Pierce Egan's 'Anecdotes,' illustrated by 
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Walpole's edition of Grammont; Gray's 'Works,' 
Mitford's copy with MS. memoranda and a note 
by Gray ; a Recueil Complet of the Mue^e 
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collection of works on roses ; some Scott items, 
including Scott's own copy of the Latin grammar ; 
Shelley's ' Laon and Cythna,' 1818; and many in- 
teresting autograph letters and MSS. 



J^aiicti txr €attt%yon^tnts. 

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On all communications must be written the name 
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9* S. XI. May 9, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



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FBAGMENTA GENEALOGIGA. 

VOLUME VIII. NOW READY, Subscription Price, One Guinea. 
Seventy-five copies have been printed, numbered and signed. 

Volume VIII. contaiDs the Arms of Brewse impaling Hobart ; Abstracts of Deeds relating to Little Wenham, Suffolk, 
A Rentall of the Manor of Tynton, 1612, Extract from the Court KoUs of the Manor of Great Henny, Kssex, Manor of 
Foulness, Essex, Compotus 14 King Henry VII. ; Letters (with facsimiles) from Dame Elizabeth Brews to Sir John Paston, 
1487, Johu Paston to Margery Brews, 1476, and Margery Paston to John Paston (1485 O ; Monumental Inscriptions at Little 
Wenham, Suffolk, relating to the Families of Brewse and Thurston; Pedigrees of Brewse of Little Wenham, Suffolk, 
Havens of Little Wenham, Strode of Barrington, Somerset, Strode of Batcombe, Somerset, Strode of Ham in Pilton, 
Somerset, Strode of Parnham, Dorset, Strode of Sioke Lane, Somerset, Strode ef Scoke-under-Hamdeu, Somerset, Strode 
of Westerham, Keut, Thurston of Little Wenbam, Ventris of Ipswich, Suffolk ; Portrait of Sir George Strode of Westerham, 
Keut ; Kegister Extracts at Little Wenham, relating to the Families of Brewse, Thurston, Ventris, &c. ; Abstracts of Wills 
relating to the Families of Brewse, Goddard, Strode, Thurston, Ventris, &c. ; Autographs and Seals. 



Vol. I. Fifty copies printed, numbered and signed; subscription price, 
ten shillings and sixpence. All copies sold. 
Vol. I. contains Abstracts of Deeds relating to the families of 
Alexander, Bacon, Barner, Benoe, Beneit, Brignt, Clayton, Clopton, 
Coo, Colman, Copping, Duncombs, Edwards, Fox, Godbold, Haekett, 
Hare, Hawtrey, Menden, Holmes, Langley, Lee, Lutin, Macro, Manby, 
Mather, Mileson, Mosley, Newman, Fiayters. Pye Seymour, Smyth, 
Spring, Towler and Wade; Entries in Bibles, &c., formerly belonging 
10 the families of Aldridgo, Awdley, Gooch, Hawkins, IrTing, Jouret, 
Taylor Wakeham, Walker and Wanley ; Extracts from the Keeisters 
relating to the families of Bacon. Gililngham, Howard, sancroft and 
Seaman ; List of Kectors of Orford, Kuahmere St. Andrew, Kushmere 
St. Michael, Sudburne cum Orford, Tannington and Flayford, all in 
Suftolk ; Grants of Arms to Canning. 1833, CoUett, 1664, North, 1676, 
Pratt, 1601, and Tyson, 1803; Pedigrees of the families or Ciry from 
Edward III. Comport of Chiselhurst, Kent, Fytch of North Cray, 
Kent, and Kempsall of Comptou, Surrey, copied from the original 
vellum rolls ; Monumental inscriptions in various churches ; Abstracts 
of Wills of Robert Aldryche of Beccles. Suftolk. 154<J, John Brynte of 
Charsfeild, Suffolk, 1537, Kobert Elmy of Little Bealings, Suffolk, 1538, 
John Hamond of Kelsale, Suffolk, 31 Henry VIII , Koliert Owen of 
Thorington, Suffolk, 1537, Christiana Pelse of Cransford, Suffolk, 1540, 
John Kayner, alias Dey, of Ashbocking. Suffolk, 1539, and Thomas 
Sandcroft of Syleham, Suffolk. 1676. Illustrated with facsimiles of 
Hook-plates of William Cowper, Ksq., Clerk of the Parliaments, and 
Wood-blocks of Autographs and seals. 

Vol. II. Fifty copies printed, numbered and signed ; subscription 
price, ten shillings and sixpence. All copies sold. 
Vol. II. contains Abstracts of Deeds relating to the families of 
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Bibles, &c , formerly belonging to the families of Addison. Browne, 
Cuppaidge, Farr, Gee, Btoadart, and Thomson; Extracts from the 
Keglsters of Spexhall, Suffolk, Swithland, co. Leicester, and to the 
family of Taylor, also a stray leaf from a Register now preserved in 
the Fitch M"S. in the Ipswich Museum; Grants of Arms to Byron, 
18i'2, Garth waite, 1748; Marlowe, 177C, and Trollope, 1831; Monumental 
Inscriptions at Walton, Suftolk, and Wimborne Minster, Dorset, also 
to the families of Berwick, Burgeys, Burtun, Folkard, Gytt'orde, 
Jarrold, Napper, Rowdelt, Saunders, and Shelley ; Abstracts of Wills 
of John Abbott of Canterbury, 1785, John Eggar of Crandall, Hants. 
1641. Dr. Gee, Dean of Lincoln, 1730, John Harmwood of Orpington, 
Kent, 1 James I , Denzell, Lord Holies, 1679, John Lagier Lamotte of 
Thorngrove. Worcester, 1812, Mary Lamotte of Brighthelmsione, 
Sussex, 18:.'5, Zachary Lok, 1603, Rede Wills from Ipswich, Robert 
South, DD , 1716, and Charles, Lord Tenterden, 183L'. Illustrated with 
facsimiles of Book-plates of Frederick Alpe of Framlingham, William 
Cooper, and the Rignt Hon. Countess Dowager of Plymouth. 



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price, ten shillings and sixpence. All copies sold. 



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Vol. III. contains Abstracts of Deeds relating to property at Ordsall, 
CO. Notts, and a Rental of Woodbrldge Priory, 1702 ; Entries in Bibles, 
&c., formerly belonging to the Clay and Milnes families; Grant of 
Arms to Seaman, 1670; Monumental InscriptuinsatSudbourne, Suffolk ; 
Church Notes at Norwich from a MS. in the handwriting of John Kirk- 
patrick of Norwich, who died in 1728. Illustrated with Facsimiles of 
Honk-plates of Sir Kobert Eden, Birt., and William Paston of Horton, 
and Wood-blucks of Autographs. 

Vol. IV. Fifty copies printed, numbered and signed; subscription 
price, ten shillings and sixpence. All copies sold. 

Volume IV. contains copies or abstracts of Deeds relating to the 
families of Lettsom and Partridge, and to the Town Estate and 
Charities of Pakenhani, Suftolk ; Admission to Manors in Redenball 
and Denton. Norfolk; Entries in Bibles lormerly belonging to the 
families of Bonamy, Cole, Gilson, Jones, Morgan, and Perceval ; Grant 
of Arms to Ball, 1576, and of Crest to I'altock, 1612; Monumental 
Inscriptions at Stonehouse, Oloucestershire, Birchington, Kent 
(Illustrated with facsimiles of brasses, &c ), Alderton, Bawdsey, Felix- 



stowe and Walton, in Suftolk ; facsimile of a Receipt signed by the 
Ministers and Elders of the French Church of St. Martin Orgars in 
London, 1742 ; illustrated with woodcuts of arms of Jeaffreson impaling 
Barthorp, and Wooluough, from monuments ; notes of sixteen Adminis- 
trations to the family of Joslin, and abstracts of the Wills of all persons 
of that name to be found in the Prerogative Court of Canterbi.ry from 
1525 to 1730. 

Vol. V. Fifty copies printed, numbered and signed ; subscription 
price, one guinea. All copies sold. 
Vol. V. contains Church Notes relating to the family of Verney j 
Deeds relating to land at Berkeley, co Gloucester, to the families of 
Goadard, Sancroft and Wentworth, and an Assessment for the Poor 
for the Pariih of Amersham, co. Bucks, 1703 ; Entries in Bibles, &c., 
formerly belonging to the families of Atcherley, Bayley, Bones, Bram- 
Bton, Bruce, Bullock and Post, Bunbury , Burcham and Jackson, Butcher, 
Calverley, Wade and Trevelyan, Carter, Carvick, Chase, Clark, Clench 
and Wyatt, Collens, Cooper, Davis, Deare, Denton, Doe and Godfrey, 
Driver and Fairbank. Finch and South, Foote, Freeman, Godden, 
Godfry and Butt, Herbert, Horn and Barber, Irvine, Jackson, James, 
Johnston, Kelk and Dunn, King, Lamb, Lawrence, Leighton, Lince, 
Loftt, Lord, Mays, Miles, Owen, Patience, Pattrick, Pigot, Rabett, 
Kayne, Redston, Rooih, Kymer, Scott, ^a^geaunt, Sewell. Stamps, 
Tebbs and Mann, Tench, Weller, Wetherall, Whltelegg, Williamson 
and Verney ; Grants of Arms to Althame, 1559, Bache, 1828, Bodicoate, 
1720, Bowman, 1798, Broad. 1661, Dominick, 1720, Harcourt, 1831, Jepson, 
1782, Mason, 1739. Mathew, 1558, Mill, 1803, Milner, 1788, Otway, 1829, 
Plngo, 178a, Prujean, 1651, Staunton, 1575, Underwood and Gore, 1831, 
and Weoley, 1580 ; Pedigree of Mericon with Arms ; Facsimile of a Por- 
trait of Bridget, wife of Thomas Read ; Wills of Mary Brearley, 1625, 
John Caterman of Chalgrove, 1544, John Caterman of Chalgrove, 1545, 
and William Uuaterman of Chalgrove, 1516. This volume contains 
about forty facsimile Autographs. 

Vol. VI. Fifty copies printed, numbered and signed ; subscription 
price, one guinea. Four copies only remaining. 
Vol. VI. contains Deeds relating to the Family of Walsh, Admissions 
to the Manor of Uftbrd, Suffolk; Entries In Bibles, &c., formerly 
belonging to the Families of Aldridge, Cooke, Cracroft, Deane, Ingilby, 
Nosworthy, Shekell. Smith, South, Spooner, and Walker ; Grant of 
Arms to Edwards-Vaughan, 1830; Monumental Inscriptions at Drum, 
Athlone, F'elixstowe, Suffolk, Great Oakley and Little Oakley, Essex, 
Newborne, Suftolk, Petersham, Surrey, and at St. Peter's and St. John's, 
Leeds This volume contains the Facsimile of a Portrait of Susanna, 
daughter of the Rev. WUIiam Gery, and wife of the Rev. Robert Edgar. 

Vol. VII. Fifty copies printed, numbered and signed ; s&bscription 
price, one guinea. Two copies only remaining. 

Vol. VII. contains the Arms o( Knowlys in colours ; a Rentall of the 
Manor of Rhrewscourt, alias Hoo, in the Isle of Thanet, Kent, Maple- 
durham Rent Roll, 1666, Title- Deeds and Writings relating to Sakeham 
Farm, in the parish of Shermanbury, Sussex ; Entries in Bibles, &c., 
formerly belonging to the families of Barrow and Prince, Barton, 
Benson, B ckerton, Bunbury, Burt, Brise, Carles, Smith and Wood, 
Colepepyr, cooper, Cottle and Bold.Cottrell, Bmmerson, Frere, Gitford, 
Hanacombe, Lindley, Mills, Newman, Richardson, Sampson, Spall and 
Young; Grants of Arms to F^aunileroy, 1S.'3. and to Knowlys, 1580; 
Letters of Copsar Thomas Gooch ; Monumental Inscriptions to the 
families of AUix, Beebee, Branford, Coke, Edwards, Seaman and Stan- 
ford, LiUingston and Spooner, Peren, Spencer and Waller, and at 
Cookhill Manor, Worcester, and Kirkley, Suffjlk ; Pedigrees of Cheale 
of Henfleld, Sussex, Fauntleroy of Barbadoes, Fauntleroy of Southwrk, 
surrey, Fanteleroy of Fanteleroy, Dorset, Knolles and Knowlys ; 
Register Extracts from Ansly, Bediugfield, Mendleshamand Thorndon, 
Suffolk, and to the Cookson family ; some Special Marriage Licences, 
1766-1891 ; Wills and Administrations of the Goddard and Joslin 
families ; and Autographs and Seals. 

Vol. IX. One hundred copies only will be printed, each copy being 
numbered and signed ; subscription price, one guinea. 



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9'" S. XL June 13, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



461 



LONDON, SATURDAY, JUKE in, 19(3. 



CONTENTS. — No. 285. 

NOTES :—Nas' l)y Revisited, 4>il— A Sermon in Proverbs, 
4rt2 — Dr. H>illey, ■i'i3 — Offspring Blackall, 4ti4 — " Hot 
Waters "—Upright Burial — " Tannier " — Legend of St. 
Luke— Wykes Pedigree, 465 — " A leap in the dark "— 
" Red up," 46S. 

QUERIES :— Lady Hester Stanhope — Latin Quotations- 
Fasting Spittle, 4ti6— Reynolds's Poi traits of Domenico 
Anglo and his Wife — Gwynn — Askew=Spraclinge — 
Birch-sap Wine— Owl— Animals in People's Iiisides, 467— 
'Parallels between the Constitutions of Hungary and 
Bnj^Und ' — Newgate Sessions— Miss Gunning, Duchess of 
Hamilton— Authors Wanted — Stevens, 468— Everard de 
Montgomerie- Springs and Wells— Moravia and Campbell 
Families— Crakanthorp : " Vildeson," 469. 

REPLIES :— Shakespeare's Geography, 469-" Folks," 470— 
Penreth — " Arciere" — "Beautiful city of Prague"- 
Reynolds Portrait, 471 — Long Melford Church — Army 
Doctors, 472— Hymn by Dean Vaughan — " Devonshire 
Dumpling"—" Surizian" — Kay — ' Banter'— Henry II. 
and Lincoln, 473 — Skulls —Collingwood — " Peeler " — 
Russell Family— "That immortal lie"— Pre- Reformation 
Practices, 474 — Milton's 'Nativity Hymn ' — Mourning 
Sunday— "The sleep of the just," 475— Duncalfe— Shy- 
lock— Sharpe, Phillips, and Coleridge— " Different than " 
— Carbonari, 476 — Kurish German — Arms of Married 
Women — Britannia Theatre, Hoxton, 477 — London 
Apprentices : their Dress. 478. 

NOTES ON BOOKS :— Lucas's ' Works of Charles and 
Mary Lamb'— Garnett and Gosse's ' English Literature' 
— Froude's 'My Relations with Carlyle' —" Fireside 
Dickens." 

Notices to Correspondents. 



3oUu 

NASEBY REVISITED. 
In 1879 (see 5"> S. xii. 81) the Rev. John 
PiCKFORD published a delightful, and by me 
highly prized account of a visit he had 
recently paid to Na.seby battle-field. In 
alluding to the obelisk set up by the Fitz- 
Geralds in 1823 to commemorate the battle, 
he mentions the fact that 

" upon the sides of it the British holiday-makers 
have everywhere inscribed and scratched their 
names, as they invariably do on all public monu- 
ments to whicti access is permitted." 
On the occasion of a recent visit to Naseby 
I also noted this fact, and likewise that the 
wicket gate which leads from the road to the 
enclosure in wliich the obelisk stands was 
literally covered with pencil signatures. Not 
only were the names of these "British 
holiday-makers" inscribed on the obelisk 
itself, but the tablet affixed thereto contain- 
ing the inscription had also been utilized for 
this nefarious habit. On almost every avail- 
able inch of space some signature or initials 
were scratched. I think a little barbed wire 
on the railings might prevent a continuance 



of this practice. The tablet contains the 
following inscription : — 

To Commemorate 

That great and decisive Battle 

Fought in this Field 

On the xiv day of June mdcxlv. 

Between the Royalist Army 

Commanded by His Majesty 

King Charles the First, 

And the Parliament Forces 

Headed by the Generals Fairfax and Cromwell, 

Which terminated fatally 

For the Royal Cause, 

Led to the subversion of the Throne, 

The Altar, and the Constitution 

And for many years plunged this Nation 

Into the horrors of anarchy 

And civil war : 

Leaving a useful lesson to British Kings 

Never to exceed the bounds 

Of their just prerogative, 

And to British subjects. 

Never to swerve from the allegiance 

Due to their legitimate Monarch. 

This Pillar was erected 

By John and Mary Frances Fitzgerald 

Lord and Lady of the Manor of Naseby : 

A.D. MDCCOXXIII. 

It may not be generally known that the 
.John and Mary Frances FitzGerald mentioned 
in the above inscription were the father and 
mother of Edward FitzGerald, that glorious 
letter-writer and translator of 'TheRubaiyat' 
of Omar Khayyam. Those who are conversant 
with FitzGerald's 'Letters and Literary 
Remains' (edited by Mr. W. Aldis Wright) 
will remember his allusion to this obelisk, 
"planted by my papa on the wrong site," 
and aptly dubbed by Liston an "obstacle," 
because it misled people, amongst its victims 
being Carlyle and Dr. Arnold. A "r)od many 
letters passed between Carlyle and FitzGerald 
concerning a scheme they had jointly planned 
of erecting a second memorial in the centre 
of the battle-field. But the estate eventually 
passed into other hands, and the obstacles 
in the way of this laudable intention 
proved in the end to be insurmountable. 
An alternative idea of removing the existing 
"obstacle" memorial to the centre of Broad 
moor, where the heat of the battle raged, 
was, as the two friends agreed, "entirely 
inadmissible." 

"There are," says Carlyle, "two modern 
Books about Naseby and its Battle : both 
of them without value." On this point my 
opinion differs from that of the Sage of 
Chelsea, for I have several times found both 
these books of the greatest use when visiting 
the village of Naseby. 'The History and 
Antiquities of Naseby,' by the Rev. John 
Mastin (1792), is absolutely indispensable to 
every one who wishes to gain information 



462 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9"> s. xi. June is, im 



concerning this little Northamptonshire 
village and its celebrated battle-field. jNIastin 
was vicar of Naseby, and gives many curious 
items of information in his book. He quotes 
largely' from the registers, and cites most of 
the important inscriptions in the church and 
churchyard. Some of these still exist, but 
many have now disappeared. When visiting 
the church I compared all I could discover 
with Mastin's text, and found it to be on the 
whole very leliable. One interesting memorial 
which he mentions " upon a Swithsland slate, 
near the tower," has become much shattered — 
indeed, nearly lialf the inscription is torn 
away. In tlie following copj' the brackets 
indicate the missing portions : — 

[In Memory of Edward Perkins] 

Serjeant i[n the 23'' regiment] 

of the royal We[lch Fusileers] 

at Minorca wh[en taken] 

and 5 battles in [(Germany] 

who being worn [out with] 

16 years service d|ei)arted] 

this life May 9"> l[7(i7] 

in the 40"' year of his [age] 

Bravely didst thou ser[vej 

thy King and Country. 

In the church, in front of the altar rails, 
is a slab containing on a slip of brass the 
following inscription : — 

"Here lyeth John Shukbrugh of Navesbee Gent 
de])ted this lyfe in ye faythe | of Jesus Christ ye 
XXV of Septemb 1576 lavyng unto ye tuissyon of 
ye almygh | tye Joane his wyfe by whome he had 
iij sonnes viz Jesper John & Edward | and xiii 
daughters viz P^lizabeth Anna Anne Frauncis Avys 
Elizzabeth | Frauncis Marye Dorrytye Judeth 
Margrytt Maued and Jane.'' 

Below, on the left, is an empty matrix, and 
on the right the following arms and crest : 
Arms, Quarterly of four : 1 and 4, on a 
chevron three cinquefoils, and on a canton a 
fleur-de-lis ; 2, fretty ; 3, three owls. Crest, 
out of a ducal coronet an elephant's head. 

I cannot find that these arms refer to the 
►Shuckbrugh family. By whom were they 
borne 1 The quaint expression " tuition of the 
Almighty" is unique in my experience. Can 
any other instance of its use be quoted 1 

In ' Battles and Battle-fields in England ' 
(189G) Mr. C. R. B. Barrett, when writing on 
Naseby, informs his readers that "'in the 
cl)urchyard a massive stone cross of plain 
design has been erected in memory of the 
slain there buried." This is quite an erroi-. 
A cross certainly stands within the cliurcli- 
yard, but it was erected by the FitzGeralds, 
about the same time as the obelisk, to replace 
llie mutilated Market Cross. The site was 
eventually enclosed in the churchyard. There 
is no inscription on this cross, but the stump 
of the old one, now removed to the junction 



of the Northampton and Sibbertoft roads, 
contains the ominous words : — 

KEPAIRED 

1860. 
Both its removal and reparation are matters 
for regret. ]\^ota mala res optuma est. 

John T. Page. 



A SERMON IN PROVERBS. 

I HOPE that in presenting the following 
literary curiosity to the readers of ' N. & Q.' 
I shall be absolved from having any intention 
of wisliing to read them a sermon ; on the 
contrary, if they read it at all, it will be they 
who read themselves a sermon. 

With the Editor's permission, I propose 
occasionally submitting for inspection in 
these columns some of the French literary 
(philological or etymological) curiosities 
contained in the few somewhat scarce books 
in my possession or those to which I have 
had access. I cannot do better than begin 
hy a sermon — not an ordinary sermon, but 
perhaps all the more interesting on that 
account. It is old, and sufficiently old, I 
think, to be fresh to most people. For the 
benefit of those who are interested enough 
to wish to know its source, I may say that 
the extract is made from the ' Observations 
Preliminaires ' of the ' Dictionnaire des Pro- 
verbes Fran9ais,'by M. de la Mesangere, 1823, 
third edition, pp. 9-13. It is the only speci- 
men of the kind 1 have met with, and previous 
editions do not contain it. In some editions 
of ' Le Festin de Pierre ' the first proverb 
occurs in Act V. sc. ii. 

Sermon en jyroverbe.t, on provei-bes en guise de sermon. 

Mes tr^s chers freres, 

7Wnt va la cruche cl Veau qiCd la fin elle se 
hrise. Ces paroles sont tirees de Thomas Corneille, 
Moliere et compagnie (Sganarelle ii don Juan, 
acte 'V. scene iii. v. 14). 

Cette verit6 devrait fairs trembler tons les 
p^cheurs ; car enfin, Dieu est bon, mais aussi qui 
Clime Men chdtie bien. 11 ne s'agit pas de dire je me 
convertirai. Ce sont dea econfe siljjleut ; autant en 
emporfe le rent ; un bon tiens rant mieux que deux tu 
aura.'i. 11 faut ajjister ■se^'s fi iifes, et ne pas s' endormir 
■lur le ruti. On aait bien oil I 'on csi, main on ne sait 
pas oil Von ra ; que/i/ne/ois I'oii tombe de fiivre en 
chaiid, mal, et I'on (roqne son cheral borgne pour un 
areugle. 

Au sur])lus, mesenfans, honni soit qui mal y pense ! 
un bon arerti en vaut deux; il n'est pas pire soiird 
que cclui qui v.e rent pas entendre ; d decrasser un 
Maure, on ])erd son temps et son savon, et Ion nt 
jieut jMs faire boireun ana s'il n'a soif. Mais suffit, 
je parte comme saint Paid, la Iiourhe ouverte ; c'est 
jiour tout le monde, et qui se sent morreux se 
moiiche. 

Ce qucje rous en dis, nest pas qu.eje vous en parte ; 
comme un fou avise bien un sage, je vous dis voire 
fait, et j? ne vais pas eherch.r midi d quatorzt 



9'!^ S. XI. June 13, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



463 



heurts Oui, nies frcres, vows vous amuse:: a la 

moutarde, vous faifes des chateaux en. Espagne ; 
mais iu'enez garde, le demon rous yuttte commt le 
chat fait la souris : ii fait d'a,hord pat te de vdours ; 
mais quand line fois il vous tiendra dans ses griftes, 
il vous traitera de Tare a il/a,(tre,et alors vous aurez 
beau com chatouiller ponr rous faire rire. ntfaire les 
boa apotres, roia en aurez tout da long et tout du 
large. 

yi quelqu'un revenait de I'autre monde, et qu'il 
rajjportilt des nourel/es de Vecole, alors on y re- 
yarderait a deux fois, chat echaude craint I'eau 
froide ; quand Pou i>ait ce qu^en raid I'aune, on y 
met le prix ; mais la-dessus, les pilus saraua ny 
voient goutte ; la nuit, tous chats sont gris, et quand 
on. est niort, c'est 2)our long-temps. 

Pi'enez garde, disait saint Chrysostome, n.\U'ei/lez 
pas le chat qui dort, I'occasion fait le larron, vous 
taillez en plein drap ; mais les hattus paieront 
Vamende. Fin contrefin ne I'aut rien pour doublure ; 
ce qui est doux a la bouche est amer au cceur ; et (If 
la Chaadcleur les grandes douleurs. Vous etes 
comme des rats en j}aille, vous avez le dos au feu, le 
ventre a la table ; les biens rousrienuent en dormant ; 
on vous preciie, vous n'ecoutez irAS, ventre affame n'a 
pas d'oreille ; mais aussi, rira bien. qui rira le 
dernier. Tout passe, tout casse, tout tasse [sic] ; * 
ce qui vient de la flute retourne au tambour, et ron se 
trouve d terre le cul entre deux selles ; alors il n'est 
plus temps, c^est de la moutarde apres diner ; il est 
trop tard de fermer recurie quand les cheraux soid 
pris. 

iSouvenez-vous done bien decette lecjon, meschers 
freres, /a(Yts' vie qui dure; il ne s' a.g\t \)Sis de bnVer 
la chandelle par les deux bouts ; qui trop em})rasse 
mal ctreint ; et d courir deux lierres, on n'en'prend 
aucuu. II ne faut i)as non i)lus jeter le via.nche 
apres la cognee. Dieu a dit: Aide-toi, je faido'ai : 
n est pas marchand qui toujours gagne : quand on a 
peurdesfeuilles, d n,e faid j)as alter au bois ; mais il 
faut faire contre fortune bon c<eur, et battre le fer 
tandis qu'il est chaud. 

Un honime sur la terre est comme un oiseau sur la 
branrhe, il doit toujours etre sur le qui vice ; on ne 
sail ni qui vit ni qui meurt ; Vhomme pjropose, Dieu 
dispose ; tel qui rit vendredi, dimanche jjleurera : ii. 
n'est si bon cheval qu'il ne bronche, et quand on parte 

du louq), on en voit la queue Oui, meschers ireres, 

aux; yeux de Dieu tout est egal, riclie ou pauvre, 
il n'impovte, taut vaut Vhomme, tant vaut la terre; 
'jonne renomniee vaut mieux que ceinture doree. Les 
riches paient les jiauvres ; Us se nerventde la patte du 
chat p)Our tirer les marrons du feu : mais saint 
Ambroise a dit : Gharuii son metier, les vaches sont 
bien gardees : il ne faut pas que Gros-Jean remontre 
a son cure ; chaeun doit se viesurer a son aune ; el 
comme on fait son lit on se courhe. Tous les ehtmins 
vont a Borne, direz-vous ; oui, mais encore faut-il 
les savoir, et ne \va& choisir ceux oil il y a des 
pierres. 

Peniez done bien, nies chers freres, cpie Dieu est 
partout, et qu'il voit tout ; il ne faut i)as fiiasser 
avec lui, c'est vouloir^)re»'/re la lune avec les dents. 
II faut alter droit en besogne, et ne jias mettre la 
zharrue devant les ba'ufs ; quand la poire est mure, 
il faut la cueillir. 

Quand on veut faire son salut. voyez-vous, il faut 
Mer de cul et de tete comme une corneille qui abed des 
loix. Si le demon veut vous derober, laissez-le 
tiurler apres vous ; chien qui aboie ne mord pas. 



Soyez bonsclu.vauxde frompetfe, ne vous effarouchez 
l)as du bruit. Les m^chants vous riront au nez ; 
mais c'est un ris qui iie ^^a.s.sc ^jav le na'ud de la, 
gorge ; c'est la pelle qui se inoque du fourgon. Au 
demeurant, chaeun son tour, et a chaque oiseau son 
nidj piara'd beau. Au surplus, pour etre heureux, il 
faut soutl'rir* ; les pois ne peuvent pas tomber tout 
cuds dans la bouche ; apres la pluie rient le beau 
temps, et apres la peine le plaisir. Laissez dire : 
Trop gratter cuit, trop parler nuit ; moquez-vous du 
qu'en dira-t-on, et ne croyez pas que, qui se fait 
brebis, le hup le mange. Non, non, nies chers freres ; 
Dieu a dit : Plus vous vous serez humilies sur la 
terre, plus vous serez eleves dans le ciel. 

Ecoutez et retenez bien ceci, je vous parle d'abon- 
dance de cieur; il n'est pas besoin de mettre les 
points sur les i ; d bon euteudeur salut ; il n'est qnun 
mot qui serve ; il ne faut pas tant de beurre 2'>our 
faire un quart eron ; quiconque fera bien, trouvera 
bien ; les ccrits sont des mdles, dit-on, et lesjjaroles 
des femelles ; on prend les bwufs par les comes, let 
honimes par les paroles, et quand les paroles sont elites, 
I'eau benite est fait e. 

Faites done de solides reflexions sur tout ce que 
je vous ai dit : il faut choisir d'etre k Dieu ou au 
diable ; il n'y a pas de milieu, et comme on dit, il 
faut 2}asser jjar la porte ou 2)ar la feuStre. Vous 
n'etes pas ici pour enjiler des pjerles, c'est jioiir faire 
votre salut. Ce n'est pas sur I'anse d'un 2:>an.icr (jue 
vous rendrez vos comjites ; le demon a beau vous 
dorer Ia2}ilule, quaud le vin sera tire, il faudra le 
boire, et c'est an fond du pot qu'on trouve le marc. 

Au surplus, d I'impossible nul n'est teuu, ; je ne 
veux ]ias vous sauver malgre vous, nioi. (Si ce que 
je vous dis vous eidre par une oreille et vous ressort 
2)ar I'autre, c'est comme si je 2irerhais d des sourds ; 
mais c'est egal, quand il faut /o/?'/re la cloche, sauve 

qui peut, malheureux qui est pris Pour moi, je 

in'en bats I'vil ; je suis comme saint Jean-Bouche- 
d'or, je dis tout ce que je sais ; et comme charite 
bieu- ordonnee commence 2)ar so'i-meme, je vais tacher 
de faire mes orges et de r-etirer moa €2nngle dujeu. 
Alors, quand je serai sauve, ah ! ma foi, arrive qui 
plante, je vous dirai tire t'en Bierre ! et si vous 
allez a tous les diables, je m'en lave les mains. 
Au nom du Pere, du Pils et du JSaint-Esprit. 
Amen Ainsi soit-il. 

Edward Latham. 
61, Friends' Road, E. Croydon. 



Dr. Edmond Halley. (See 9"' S. x. 361 ; 
xi. 85, 205, 366 )— 

I. Life and Work. 

' A Famous Comet,' the (Quarterly Revieiv^ 
clxxxviii. 113, 138, London, 1898. 

'Diet. Nat Biog.,' xxiv. 106, is authority 
for the statement that Dr. Edmond Halley 
was created D.C.L. at Oxford, 16 October, 
1710. When and where was the title of 
LL.D. conferred upon liim ? It is commonly 
used by authoi's of biographical sketches of 
that astronomer ; in fact, his will begins 
tlius : "Li the Name of God, I, Edmond 
Halley, Doctor of Laws and Astronomer in 
the Royal Observatory in Greenwich," &c. 



Cf. 'N. &Q.,'9"'S. X. 314. 



Cf. ante, pp. 128, 255. 



464 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9*'' s. xi. June 13, im 



III. Genealogy. 

'Dr. Edmond Halley: his Ancestry and 
Descendants,' Neto York Geneal. and Biog. 
Record, xxxiv. 52, 106, New York, U.S., 
January and April last. _ 

The Catalogue of Printed Books in the 
Bi-itish Museum (Hagg— Halliman), 274-5, 
London, 1888, twice mentions one James 
Halley as the possible editor of an edition of 
Dr. Edmond Halley's ' Astronomical Tables,' 
published at London in 1752. Of this work 
there are two copies in the British Museum, 
bearing press-marks respectively as follows : 
50 e. 17. and 8562 f. 44. Mr. Ralph J. Beevor, 
M.A. (Trin. Coll., Cambridge), 22, Craven 
Street, Strand, W.C, London, has had the 
kindness to contribute an ingenious, and 
probably the correct, explanation of this 
name ''James Halley." He says that there 
is nothing in either of the copies above de- 
scribed to indicate that James Halley had a 
hand in the making thereof. However, the 
(anonymous) introduction to the work makes 
mention of Flamsteed and Dr. Bradley. 
James Bradley succeeded Edmond Halley as 
Astronomer Royal. We should expect him 
to be the person most likely to be invited to 
undertake the task of seeing his predecessor's 
astronomical tables througli the press. In 
fact, Mr. Beevor is of opinion that he had a 
hand in the work. Some one in the British 
Museum, being of the same opinion, adds the 
note "'? edited by James Bradley." A tran- 
scriber, misled by the similarity of the names, 
writes "James Halley," and the mistake is 
perpetuated. 

Letters of administration of the estate of 
Edmund Halley, sen., were granted .30 June, 
1684, to Sir John Buck worth and Richard 
Young, "in usura et beneficium JoannjB 
Halley [second wife] relictie dicti defuncti, et 
Edmundi Halley filii dicti defuncti." Cp. 

'Historical Essay on the First Publication of 
Sir Isaac Newton's " Principia," ' by Prof. S. P. 
Rigaud, 36, note, Oxford, 1838. 

In genealogical, as in other investigations, 
circumstantial evidence is a poor substitute 
for fact ; yet is there not something pecu- 
liar about Dr. Edmond Halley, who died 
14 January, 1741/2, having made no change 
in the terms of his will dated 18 June, 1736 1 
We quote a portion of that document : — 

"Since my son Edmond is in actual possession of 
the best part of the Real Estate of the Family and 
may Inherit the rest after my decease the whole 
being of greater Value than the personall Estate I 
have to leave my two Daughters Margaret Halley 
and Katherine now wife to Mr. Henry Price, And 
besides he being retained in the Service of the 
Crown as a Surgeon seems to be Suflficiently pro- 
vided for My desire is that he may therewith be 



Contented and accept of Twenty pounds for 
mourning." 

Edmund Halley, surgeon R.N., died between 
8 August, 1740, date of last entry of his 
service in the Admiralty archives, Public 
Record Office, and 12 January, 1740/1, date 
his will was proved. Is it safe to assume 
that the real estate of the family, which was 
still possessed by Dr. Edmond Halley in 
1736, did not pass out of his hands up to the 
date of his decease, 14 January, 1741/2 1 If 
so, does this, or does it not, indicate that 
Dr. Edmond Halley intended that property, 
"the rest of the real estate," to be inherited 
by the (supposed) child or children of his 
son, Edmund Halley, surgeon R.N. ? It 
must be remembered that Dr. Halley's eldest 
daughter, Margaret, never married, and died 
13 October, 1743, in the fifty-fifth year of her 
age (cp. 'Biog. Brit.,' iv. 2517). Dr. Halley's 
other surviving daughter, Katherine, married 
twice, but she seems to have been childless ; 
at least, her will, dated 8 July, 1764, mentions 
no children. The will of Edmund Halley, 
surgeon R.N., does not contain the name of 
a child ; it reads, in part, as follows : — 

" do give and bequeath unto my welbeloved wife 
Sybilla Halley all such Moneys Goods Chatties 
Lands Tenements &c. that I now possess or may 
be posses'd of, by what Right or Title soever." 

If he had had a son to survive him would he 
have been apt to include in his will the word 
" lands " 1 The question naturally arises, 
Is there any documentary evidence that 
Edmund Halley, surgeon R N., had a 
daughter surviving him, 1740/1, old enough 
to have become the mother of James McPike, 
born circa 1751 1 The real estate of the 
Halley family doubtless was inherited from 
Edmund Halley, sen. (d. 1684). It might be 
possible to trace the successive titles thereto 
since that date, and thus to discover the 
heirs of Sybilla Halley. 

To the English record-searcher the year 
1742 may, and probably does, represent a 
relatively recent epoch. Not so to the, 
American genealogist. The successive raigra- i 
tions of a given family constantly reaching 
out to the Farther West have not conduced i 
to the preservation of vital records ; hence 
there is more or less "jumping at con- 
clusions," which, if not wholly unwarranted, i 
is very unsatisfactory. 

Eugene Fairfield McPike. 

Chicago, Illinois. 

Offspring Blackall. — The ' Dictionary 
of National Biography,' v. 117, says nothing 
about the parentage of Dr. Oflfspring Blackall, 
who was Bishop of Exeter from 1708 to 1716. 
An inquiry in 'N. & Q.,' 8'^ g^ yj, 308, 454 



gti^ s. XI. June 13, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



465 



showed that his father's name was Thomas 
Blackall. The parish registers printed by the 
Harleian Society give us most of the facts. 
Charles Ofspring was rector of St. Antho- 
lin's, London, and was buried 13 March. 
1659/60. His wife, Martha, was buried 
22 August, 1649. These two had a daughter, 
Martha, who was baptized 1 October, 1625. 
This Martha Ofspring was married, 6 Sep- 
tember, 1648, to Thomas Blackall, and they 
were the parents of Ofspring Blackall (viii. 
60, 79, 87, die). On 6 March, 1706/7, Dr. 
Ofspring Blackall, rector of St. Mary Alder- 
mary, baptized one of the many children of 
John Blackall, woollen-draper, and Elizabeth 
his wife, at St. Dionis Backchurch (iii. 146). 

W. C. B. 

Hot Waters=Spirituous Liquors. — An 
earlier illustrative quotation for meaning of 
" hot waters " as spirituous liquors than that 
given in ' H.E.D.'— a letter of October, 1643 
— is to be found in 'A Proclamation for pre- 
venting of the Abuses growing by the 
unordered retailing of Tobacco,' issued by 
Charles I. at Whitehall, 13 October, 1633, 
this referring to those who "sell any distilled 
or hot Waters, Wine, Ale, Beer, or Cider in 
their Houses" (Rymer's 'Fcedera,' vol. xix. 
p. 475). Alfred F. Bobbins. 

Upright Burial. — In the Undertakers 
Jotirnal for March occurs the following : — 

"There are two well-known cases of upright 
burial in England. The first is of Ben Jonson, who 
was interred in Westminster Abbey. The other 
case has been immortalized by Wordsworth in ' The 
White Doe of Rylstone.' Under a chantry in the 
church of Bolton Abbey lie in an uj^right position 
the Claphams of Bearnsley, and the Mauleverers. 
Referring to the story, Wordsworth wrote the 
following lines: — 

Pass, pass who will yon chantry door, 

And look through the chink of the fractured floor, 

Look down, and see a grisly sight : 

A vault where the bodies are buried upright. 

There, face by face, and hand by hand, 

The Claphams and Mauleverers stand. 

And in his place among son and sire 

Is John de Clapham, that tierce Esquire, 

A valiant man and a name of dread 

In the ruthless wars of White and Red, 

Whodragg'd Earl Pembroke from Banbury Church, 

And smote off his head on the stones of the porch." 

Under 'Burial of a Suicide' (9* S. viii. 
502; ix. 96, 158, 238) instances were given of 
a farmer buried on horseback and of a Major 
Labelliere, of Dorking, both in an upright 
position, but head downwards. 

Harry Hems. 

Fair Park, Exeter. 

"Tannier," Botanical Term. —This is a 
popular American name for tlie eddoes or 



taro, a farinaceous tuber. The 'Century' 
says "origin obscure"; the ' Encycloppedic ' 
says "etymology doubtful." I once thought 
it African, as it is often employed by 
travellers in the Dark Continent ; but 
investigation shows it to be Brazilian. In 
various spellings it has been in European 
use for centuries. Marcgrave and Piso have 
the compound taia-oba, so has De Laet 
(' Nouveau Monde,' 1640, lib. xv. cap. x. 501). 
Purchas calls it fqjas, and this plural form 
occurs also in Stedman's 'Surinam,' 1806, 
vol. ii. cap. XXV. 232 : — 

" The tayers, which are the hearts of a farinaceous 
green shrub, not above two or three feet high, with 
remarkable large leaves in the form of a heart ; the 
trunk something resembles that of a banana-tree." 

The explanation of the modern tannia, 
tannier, instead of taya, tayzr, is that in the 
Tupi language of Brazil y regularly inter- 
changes with n. Thus a much-advertised 
hair tonic, yahorandi, appears also as 
naborandi. Yandu, an ostrich, is now called 
ftandu; contrariwise, fiaqminda, a fish, is now 
called yacunda. Hence the synonymous taya, 
tana, from which in turn is derived tayasu, 
tanasu, the name of a well-known Brazilian 
peccary, meaning "tannia eater," from ruto, 
to eat. Jas. Platt, Jun. 

Legend of St. Luke.— In Amari's trans- 
lation of the 'Solwan' of Mohammed ibn 
Zeffer there is a passage of gnomic wi-sdom 
which reads: — 

" It is said that Father Luke wrote this sentence 
above the door of his cell : ' He only may profit by 
our wisdom who knows himself, and is able to 
confine his desires within the limits of his ability. 
If thou be such a one, enter; but if not, return 
when thou art become such.' "—Chap. ii. § 6. 
In the introduction Amari mentions this 
reference to St. Luke, which apparently 
alludes to some legend about the Evangelist. 

William E. A. Axon. 

Manchester. 

Wykes Pedigree in Colby's ' Visitations.' 
— Colby's 'Visitations of Co. Devon' is, so 
far as I can ascertain, the primary printed 
authority for the alleged alias oi ''Moreton 
Wyke" for North Wyke in South Tawton, 
Devon. In his work we find : — 

" William Wikes of Moreton Wikes in Devon m. 
Katharen, d. and coh. of John Burnellof Cokenays, 
[and had] Richard Wikes, [who m.] Eliz. d. and heir 
of John Avenells of Blacki)Oole, [and had] William 
Wikes, [who had] William Wikes of North Wikes, 
[who m.l Jane, d of Pridieulx of Rowborough, 
[and had] John Wikes," &c. 
Now in his preface Colby tells us that for 
the Visitation of 1564 he followed Harl. 
5185, and when that failed him went on with 



466 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9"> s. xi. junk 13, im 



Harl. 1091, and that for an earlier Visita- 
tion he profited by the loan of two "excellent 
copies" of Benoite's Visitation of 1531 in 
the Bodleian Library at Oxford— i.e., the 
Kawlinson and Ashraole ]MSS. 

At the British Museum I have consulted 
the (defective) copies of Benoite's Visita- 
tion, as well as the Harl. MSS. refei'red to by 
Colby, and many other early Visitations and 
pedigrees, but can find nothing to support 
hira in such differences as appear between 
his pedigree of the Wykes and that set forth 
in Col. Vivian's 'Visitations of Co. Devon.' 

In Harl. 5185 it runs : — 

"William Wiks of northewiks in deuonsh [in.] 
katharen, da. and coheiie to John Burnell of Coke- 
treys, [and liad] Richard VVikes, [who m.] p]lizabeth, 
dau. and heir to John Avenells of Blackpoole, [and 
had] William Wikes of Northweks, [who had] 
William Wike.s of Northwiks, [who m.] Janne, da. 
to pridieuLx: of Thowboroiighe, [and hadl John 
Wikes," &c. 

The handwriting is, however, so cramped and 
irregular tliat the spelling of several of the 
names might in hasty reading be mistaken 
for that given in Colby's. In the first entry, 
for instance, the name of the seat might 
be read as " morthowike'," though it seems 
incredible that such a mistake could escape 
correction on compai-ison with succeeding 
entries. One would infer rather that the 
Oxford MSS. must have supplied tlie name of 
Moreton Wyke as the residence of the first 
William, and I should be exceedingly obliged 
if any expert having access to the Bodleian 
would be so kind as to determine this point 
for me. Perhaps I could reciprocate with 
some desired bit of information from the 
London archives. However, even should the 
Oxford MSS. acquit Colby of a sin of com- 
mission, one of omission must still stand 
charged against him, for he might have 
recorded that "Northweks" was the Wikes' 
residence a generation earlier than he has 
done. Ethel Lega-Weekes. 

"A LEAP IN THE DARK."— Tom Browne 
uses this expression : "A little before you 
made a Leap into the Dark" (' Works,'ed. 1708, 
ii. 2G; 'Letters from the Dead,' 1701) ; and 
again : " I began to think of a Leap in the 
Dark, and to wonder wliat in a little time 
would become of me " (' Works,' ii. .502). And 
in Motteux's 'Life of Rabelais,' 1708, the 
phrase is to be found. H. C. Hart. 

[See also 5"' S. vi., vii., viii. ; 7'i' S. xii.] 

"Ued up." — The verb red, whicli is 
from M.E. 7-eden, "to put in order," and 
related to the Swedish 7-eda, Danish rede, "to 
prepare," "to put in order," is still heard 



among uneducated persons in many parts of 
this country. It is generally used with up, 
as in " to red up a house or a room " ; and it 
occurs in various forms, such as red, redd, 
rid. Perhaps some of your readers can 
furnish information as to the extent of its 
use in England. Charles Bundy Wilson. 
The State University of iowa, Iowa City. 



We must request correspondents desiring infor- 
mation on family matters of only private interest 
to affix their names and adtlresses to their queries, 
in order that the answers may be addressed to them 
direct. 



Lady Hester Stanhope.— During my stay 
in Beyrout (Syria)— it must have been about 
the year 1881— somebody offered me for sale 
an enamel ring. An inscription was engraved 
on the inside, and contained the name, and 
I think also the first name, of Lady Stan- 
hope. This ring had been the property of 
the unfortunate lady of that name who 
died in a castle of the Lebanon, during the 
years 1820-25, forsaken by her household. I 
refused to buy the ring, and do not know what 
has since become of it. I should be very 
grateful to any obliging correspondent wlio 
would be kind enough to give me all the 
information he possesses on this mysterious 
existence. I should especially like to know 
if Lady Stanhope had any brothers, what were 
their names, and whether one of them was a 
member of some religious society in England. 
I should like also to know if this same gentle- 
man, or one of his brothers, stayed often in 
Germany, and had any ties with the princely 
Court of the Grand Duche de Baden 
during the years 1812-20. C B. 

Vaud, Switzerland. 

[Lady Hester Stanhope died 28 June, 1839. She 
was the eldest daughter of Cliarles, third Earl 
Stanliope, who had two other daughters and three 
sons : Philip Henry (fourth earl), Charles Banks 
(killed at Coruna, 1S09), and James Hamilton 
(lieutenant-colonel of the 1st Foot (iuards, d. 1825). 
Lives of Lady Hester and her father appear in 
' D.N.B.,' vol. liv., many authorities being appended 
to each.] 

Latin Quotations.— Can any reader help 
me to identify the following Latin quotations? 
Securitas est tutissimum bonum. 
Mendacia stare non possunt sine mendaciis. .-h 

Est quidam usus mendaciorum. ' 

Mallem Augusti judicium quam Antonii beneficium. 
Ubique ingenia liominum situs formant. 

H. W. 

Fasting Spittle.— The name of the author 
£md the date of jpublicatioq of the under^ 



9'" S. XL June 13, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



467 



mentioned curious paniplilet are desired: 
'A Tieatise on the Virtues and Efticacy of 
tlie Saliva, or Fasting Spittle, being conveyed 
into the Intestines by eating a Crust of Bread 
early in the Moi-ning fasting, in relieving the 
Gout, Scurvy, Gravel, Stone, Rheumatism, 
&c., arising from Obstructions ; also, in the 
Great Cures accomplished by the Fasting 
Spittle when externally applied to Recent 
Cuts, Sore Eyes, Corns, Warts, tfec' 

The name of the publisher was J. Limbird, 
of 143, Strand. A. R. C. 

Reynolds's Portraits of Domenico An- 
GELO AND HIS WiFE. — Can any of your 
readers say what has become of the picture 
of Angelo, the famous riding-master of the 
eighteenth century, painted by Reynolds ; 
also of that of his wife 1 The latter, I 
understand, was sold by one Michael Angelo 
in 1877 to Noseda in the Strand, who resold 
it in 1884 to Mr. Pi'ice for 100^., at whose sale 
in (?) 1896 it was bought by a Mr. Home, of 
New York, for 800^., and is now in some 
museum. In what museum is it 1 

Charles Swynnerton. 

Edward Gwynn. — In a recent issue of 
Anr/lid (vol. xxv. No. 4) Prof. Albrecht 
Wagner records the discovery of a remark- 
able volume, made up entirely of quarto 
editions of Shakespeare and pseudo-Shake- 
speare plays, bearing dates between IGOOand 
1619. On the back of the volume is stamped 
' Plays and Pamphlets [sic] of W. Shake- 
speare.' On the front cover in gilt is stamped 
the name "Edward Gwynn." Can some 
reader of ' N. & Q.' identify this Edward 
Gwynn 1 The 'D.N.B.' does not seem to help. 

C. A. H. 

New York. 

AiscouGHE (Askew) = Spraclinge.— In 1609 
Elisabeth Aiscoughe (as she signs her name), 
or Askew, a widow of Favershara, married as 
his third wife Esay Spraclinge, of the same 
town. He was evidently one of the Thanet 
Spraclinges, and married his first wife Milli- 
cent, daughter of Edward Crayford, of 
Mongeham, at St. Lawrence's Church, Rams- 
gate, 22 December, 1576, and this wife died 
in April, 1597, and is buried in Favershara 
Church. 

Is anything known as to the parentage of 
Esay Spraclinge and Elisabeth Aiscoughe 
(or Askew), or the name of her first husband, 
and if there was any issue by him 1 The 
inventory of her household goods in 1609, 
when as a widow she married Esay Sprac- 
linge, shows that her first husband must have 
been a man of considerable substance. Esay 



was a rich man, and three of his wives were 
rich widows, yet (so I am piivately informed) 
he died very poor, and tliere is no monument 
or gravestone to him in Faversham Church. 

Arthur Hussey. 

Tankerton-on-Sea, Kent. 

BiRCii-SAi' Wine. — Can any folk-lorist or 
student of old customs supply me with a list 
of the English "home-made wines" which 
are not manufactured from the juice of ber 
ries or other fruit ? Cowslip wine, elder- 
flower wine, corn-poppy wine, rhubarb wine, 
and birch-sap wine are all to be met with in 
Lincolnshire, and probably in most other 
counties. When did the custom of making 
them arise 1 Do Canadians make birch wine 
from the sap of the sugar - maple ? In 
'Modern Domestic Economy,' by a lady 
(London, Murray, 1853), I find recipes given 
for parsnip wine and two kinds of elder- 
flower wine, with the commoner cowslip wine, 
but neither poppy nor birch is mentioned. 

B. L. R. C. 

OwL— Plutarch in his 'Life of Nicias' 
writes : — 

"Yet the same historian [Timjeus] relates that 
as soon as (Tyli])pus showed himself, the Sicilians 
gathered about him, as birds do about an owl, and 
were ready to follow him wlierever he pleased." 

Is there among the European literatures any 
other allusion to this behaviour of birds 
towards the owl 1 I do not find it in Pliny, 
nor in the late Dr. Romanes's scientific 
exposition of the ' Animal Intelligence.' 
To turn to Japanese literature, in a romance 
entitled 'Narrative of a War between the 
Herons and the Crows,' composed in the 
fifteenth century, the owl is made to express 
his animadversion to a messenger coming 
from the crows' camp asking for his succour, 
and censures them for crowding round and 
deriding him with the clapping of hands 
during the daytime, when he can see nothing. 
In some parts of the country a method 
of bird - catching called "owl -net" is in 
usage. A horned owl is posted near a 
stretched net, near which, in a short time, a 
crowd of small birds draw, as if they take 
pleasure in mocking him, and are caught 
thereby. I suppose some of your readers are 
quite familiar with a Japanese caricature of 
the owl on a cross-tree with a paper bag on 
his head, which originated in this scene of 
the " owl-netting." Kumagusu Minakata. 
Mount Nachi, Kii, Japan. 

Animals in People's Insides.— I have 
several times met with remarkable stories 
in the newspapers of men and women vomit- 
ing newts, frogs, eels, &c„ which have been 



468 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9'" s. xi. junk 13, im 



supposed to have been swallowed in the 
form of eggs or very small fry, which have 
developed in the stomach of the patient. I 
have always regarded it as impossible for 
such creatures to live in the human stomach, 
but in some of these newspaper reports the 
names of the persons concerned have been 
given, and the stories have been to some 
extent vouched for by medical men. I should 
be obliged if any reader of ' N. & Q.' could 
say definitely what truth (if any) there is 
likely to be in such stories, and whether there 
is the slightest danger in swallowing (say) 
the egg of a newt. Dubious. 

[See 9'" S. vii. 222, 332, 390 ; viii. 89, 346.] 

'Parallels between the Constitutions 
OF Hungary and England.' — I should be 
glad to have some information about this 
publication. L. L. K. 

Newgate Sessions — Is it known what has 
become of the records of Newgate Sessions 
held during the latter half of the sixteenth 
century, say from 1580 to 1590 1 In whose 
custody are they likely to be ? 1. 

Miss Gunning, Duchess of Hamilton.— 
At various times there has been in illustrated 
papers the portrait of the beautiful Miss 
Gunning who was first Duchess of Hamilton 
and afterwards Duchess of Argyll, but the 
painter's name has not been given. I have 
seen what 1 suppose is a copy of the original, 
an oval picture 17 in. by 13 in., in which the 
high-pointed headdress is trimmed with blue 
ribbon. Can any one tell me who painted the 
original, and where it is? M. E P. 

[Pictures of Elizabeth Gunning by F. Cotes, W. 
Hamilton, and C. Read, have all been engraved.] 

Authors of Books Wanted. — 

The City ; or, the Physiology of London Business; 
with Sketches on 'Change and at the Coffeehouses, 
rjnio, London, Baily Brothers, 1845. 

A Description and History of Vegetable Sub- 
stances used in the Arts and in Domestic Economy. 
Timber Trees; Fruits. Library of Entertaining 
Knowledge. ]2mo, 1829.— From my recollection of 
an account-book in MS. of the Soc. Diff. U.K., 
Robert Mudie was paid for something of this kind. 
'D.N.B.' gives under R. ISludie : 11, Vegetable 
Sul>stances, 18mo, London, 1828. 

A Duke and No Duke : a Farce, acted at Drury 
Lane and Covent (Jarden. Written originally by 
Sir Aston Cokain, and since revived with consider- 
able alterations. [By whom ?] 177(5. 

Eminent Men and Poi)ular Books. From the 
Timci. 8vo, London, 1859. — Halkett says by 
Samuel Lucas, quoting 'N. & ().,' 4"' S. ii. 547, 
which gives an extract from the Times, stating 
that he was author of 'Popular Men and Books.' 
Halkett says ascribed also to Samuel Phillips, 
LL.D Which is correct? In Brit. Mus. Cat. it is 
entered as anonymous. 'D.N.B.' follows Halkett 
as to Lucas. 



Etymological Guide to the English Language? 
being a collection, alphabetically arranged, of the 
principal roots, affixes, and prefixes, with their 
derivatives and compounds. By the compiler of the 
Edinburgh Sessional School-Books. Third edition, 
greatly enlarged. [Introduction signed J. W.l 
Edinburgh, 1837. 

Familiar Things: a Cyclopedia of Entertaining 
Knowledge. 2 vols. A. Hall, Virtue & Co., 1852. 

Genuine Copy of the Last Letter written by 

Princess Charlotte with an Elegiac Poem Affixed. 

8vo, London, printed for the author, 1818. 

Julie de Bourg ; or, the Conspirator. G. Rout- 
ledge & Sons, 1877. 

Knight's Excursion Companion. Excursions from 
London, 1851. 8vo, London, Charles Knight.— Was 
this by James Thorne, author of 'Handbook to the 
Environs of London ' ? 

The Life of Sir Thomas Gresham, Founder of the 
Royal Exchange. Knight's Weekly Volume. 12mo, 
1845. 

Lives and Voyages of Drake, Cavendish, and 
Dampier : including a View of the History of the 
Buccaneers. Edinburgh Cabinet Library. 1837. 

London and its Environs ; or, the General Ambu- 
lator within the circuit of Twenty-five Miles. 

Twelfth edition, 1820, 12.s. boards.— I have seen 
soniewhere that Edward Wedlake Brayley edited 
this, besides writing the preliminary account of 
London, but 'D.N.B.' gives him as the author of 
the whole, which appears to be not quite correct. 

The National Gallery of Pictures by the Great 
Masters. 4to, London, Jones & Co., Temple of the 
Muses, Finsbury Square. 

Novelty Fair ; or. Hints for 1851. An exceed- 
ingly premature and thoroughly apropos revue. By 
the authors of 'Valentine and Orson,' * Whittington 
and his Cat,' 'Cinderella,' &c. [Lyceum Theatre, 
21 May, 1850.] London, Hailes Lacy. *— My copy 
is well bound, with inscription "Albert Smith, 
Esq. with the Publisher's Conipl'"." 

Oberon ; or, the Charmed Horn, a romantic fairy 
tale in two acts. [Drury Lane, 1826.] Cumber- 
land's British Theatre, vol. xiii. — This is not 
Planch^'s, which was in three acts. 

Adrian Wheeler. 
9, Layard Road, Bermondsey. 

EiCHARD Stevens. — Kichard Stevens, who 
entered Winchester College in 1553, was 
probably an elder brother of the better- 
known Thomas Stevens (concerning whom 
see 'D.N.B.,' Supp. iii. 355). When he first 
went up to New College, at the age of nine- 
teen, he was a Catholic, but soon became a 
Protestant, and after he had been private 
secretary to Bishop .Jewell obtained some 
post in Archbishop Parker's household. Thus 
he again met his old warden. Dr. Boxall (who 
was in the archbishop's custody), and was 
by him restored to the Catholic faith, in 
1573 lie arrived at Douay, and began to study 
theology. On 27 February, 1576, he became 
B.D. of Douay, in the following April was 
ordained priest at (^ambrai, and on 
10 November was sent on the mission. On 

[* This appears to be by Albert Smith.] 



9'" S. XL June 13, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



469 



14 July, 1577, he returned to Douay, and 
left on the 22nd for Paris. Some time before 
1585 he took his D.D. degree at Douay, and 
in 1586 was at the English College at Rheiras, 
which he left on 19 April in that year (see 
* Records of the Engl. Cath.,' vol. i., ' Douay 
Diaries ' passwt). Is anything known of his 
subsequent career ? 

John B. Wainewright. 

EvERARD DE MoNTGOMERiE, sometime 
chaplain to William Rufus (and Henry 1. 1), 
Archdeacon of Salisbury, consecrated Bishop 
of Norwich 12 June, 1121, deprived 1145 
(Nicolas, 'Peerage of England,' ii. 870). Mr. 
Pym Yeatman, in his 'House of Arundel,' 
p. 353, says he "left male issue." What more 
may be known about this Bishop of Norwich ? 

T. H. M. 
Ardrossan, Pa. 

Springs and Wells. — It is commonly 
believed that certain high-lying springs in 
Lincolnshire are influenced by the ebb and 
flow of the tide. Is this true, or is it folk-lore ? 
In the parish of Nettleton on the Wolds is a 
well said to rise and fall with the tide ; and 
the quarries and pits at Glentham, on the 
limestone range known as "the Cliff" (on 
which Lincoln stands), are said to indicate 
by wet the high tides in the Trent. 

G. W. 

Moravia and Campbell Families. — Can 
any reader give me a clue as to the identity 
and designation of William de Moravia, of 
the diocese of Glasgow in 1343? David II. 
applied to Clement II. for a dispensation for 
his marriage with Muriel, daughter of Duncan 
Campbell, Knt., on account of the discord 
and enmities between their progenitors and 
kinsmen. To end the quarrel there was a 
treaty of marriage between William and 
Muriel, but there was an impediment of 
aflinity between them, as Margaret Foulcart, 
the former wife of William, was related in 
the fourth degree to Muriel. D. M. R. 

Crakanthorp, by Wordsworth : " Vilde- 
SON." — It is not mentioned in 'D.N.B.,' 
xiii. 3, Ixiii. 11, that Crakan thorp's ' Defensio 
Ecclesipe Anglicanpe,' against M. A. de 
Dominis, was edited in 1847 by Christopher 
Wordsworth (then Prebendary of Westmin- 
ster, afterwards Bishop of Lincoln) foi- the 
" Anglo-Catholic Library," of the committee 
for the publication of which series he was a 
member. Crakanthorp was labouring under 
great sickness at the time of the composition 
of this treatise, and I'egarded it as a special 
mercy that he was enabled to come to an end 
of the writing before he came to the end of 



his life. It was printed in 1625, after his 
death, bj' his friend John Barkhara, who 
acknowledges many typographical errors. 
The 'D.N.B.,' xiii. 3, savs "it was well edited 
at Oxford in 1847." This is hardly true. 
Wordsworth merely reprinted the bare text, 
in which he either left or made many errors ; 
he did not extend the many abbreviated 
references to obscure books, and though the 
work demands copious annotation, he added 
not a single note. On p. 592 there is a 
quotation from Sanders about the images in 
England to which pilgrimages were made — 
at Walsingham, Ipswich, Worcester, " Vilde- 
son," and Canterbury. The same paragraph 
is given in ' Suppression of Monasteries,' 
Camd. Soc, p. 36, where the form is " Vilse- 
don," and is said to represent " Willesdon," 
which had an image of the B. Virgin. But 
what is the place 1 

Again, p. 593, "Prior Maiden bedleiensis" 
stands for the Prior of Maiden Bradley ; 
and " Hillus Cicestrije tredecim concubinas 
habuit" needs explanation — possibly Hill, 
Prior of Chichester ? W. C. B. 



SHAKESPEARE'S GEOGRAPHY. 

(9th s xi. 208, .333, 416.) 

The geographical mistakes and ana- 
chronisms in Shakespeare's works have 
always been held forth as an argument 
that the plays were written by a man 
ignorant of geography and history. That, 
therefore, Shakespeare was that man — not 
Bacon— is the Shakespearean verdict. We 
are informed that in ' The Two Gentlemen 
of Verona' we read the words "to embark 
to Milan," from Verona. But this was quite 
possible without either Milan or Verona being 
erroneously placed upon the sea-coast, as 
Milan and Verona were formerly connected, 
not by sea, but by a canal, as R. B. B. and 
others have shown. Then we have Bohemia 
also credited with a seaboard, another huge 
blunder in geography perpetrated by the 
author of the Shakespearean dramas. Was 
it a blunder? Perhaps the author knew, as 
Prof. Freeman did when he wrote his ' His- 
torical Geography of Europe,' that at one 
time, in the reign of Ottokar, the great Czech 
king, Bohemia extended from the Baltic to 
the Adriatic, Bohemia thus possessing two 
seaboards available for shijDs. This we find 
conclusively proved in the work I refer to, 
p. 319 of the 1882 edition ; so that Mr. E. 
Yardley's dictum that "geographical, or 



470 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9"- s. xi. jcnk 13. im 



other, accuracy is not his [Shakespeare's]" has 
to be taken with a qualification. 

As to the " other accuracy " which is not 
Shakespeare's, referred to by Mr. Yardley, 
and the "anachronism" adduced by Mr. 
Bayne, that Shakespeare makes Hector refer 
to Aristotle in 'Troilus and Cressida,' such 
inaccuracy was quite characteristic of Bacon. 
I have shown Mr. Yardley in ' N. & Q.' that 
Bacon was twice wrong with regard to 
Hercules and his golden bowl, and for further 
errors I would refer him to Bacon's ' Apoph- 
thegms,' in which he makes mistakes for 
which, Byron says, a boy at a public school 
would be soundly thrashed. Here are a few 
of them. Bacon confounds, in a certain 
anecdote, a king of Hungary with Richard 
Cceur de Lion. He attributes to Chilon a 
saying by Orontes, the son-in-law of Arta- 
xerxes. What Chilon is accredited by Bacon 
with saying is, " Kings' friends and favourites 
were like casting counters, that sometimes 
stood for one, sometimes for ten, sometimes 
for an hundred." It is difficult to know 
whether to assign to this exclamation of 
Orontes or to the similar famous allusion in 
'A Winter's Tale' the origin of the modest 
expression of Lord Brougham, that the 
Whigs were all ciphers, and he was the only 
unit in the Cabinet which gave the ciphers 
their value. Then Bacon fathered the apoph- 
thegm, "So would I, if I were as Parmenio," 
to Alexander after the battle of Granicum, 
although the remark was made after the 
battle of Issus. He also refers the story of 
the enemy and the "volleys of arrows" to 
Antigonus instead of to a Spartan before the 
battle of Thermopylae. Again, he gives an 
apophthegm as happening in the time of 
Hadrian instead of Augustus ; and he writes 
that the saying, " One of the seven was wont 
to say that laws were like cobwebs, where 
the small flies were caught, and the great 
brake through," was made by a Greek instead 
of a Scythian. He also ascribes to Deme- 
trius an apophthegm instead of to Philip of 
Macedon. 

But it may interest Mr. Bayne to learn 
that his Aristotle instance is not the only 
error made by Shakespeare with regard to 
" the Stagirite." In ' Troilus and Cressida ' 
(1603) we find the lines : — 

y, ,., Not much 

Unlike young men, whom Aristotle thought 
Unnt to hear moral philosophy. 

It \vas political, not moral, philosophy 
against which Aristotle wrote. But, 
strangely, Bacon perpetrates the same 
blunder in the 'Advancement of Learning' 
(published in 1G05, but begun in 1603) when 



he says : " Young men are not fit auditors of 
moral philosophy." Is it not very odd that 
Bacon and Shakespeare make the same error 
in practically the same year ? Is it likely 
that Bacon would borrow his statement from 
'Troilus and Cressida'? I think, therefore, 
that Bacon's historical inaccuracy has been 
sufficiently proved. 

In reading over the apophthegms of Bacon 
I was struck bj' a consecutive pair : the 
Epicurean's, " that cocks may be made 
capons, but capons could never be made 
cocks," reminding one of Shakespeare's "You 
are cock and capon too " (' Cymbeline ') ; and 
"Chilon would say that gold was tried with 
the touchstone, and men with gold," which 
appeared to me somewhat akin to Shake- 
speare's "Holding out gold that's by the 
touchstone tried " (' Pericles '). 

Mr. Yardley maintains that "his [Shake- 
speare's] only Latin quotation is from an 
elementary school-book." Does this refer to 
the quotation from the ' Amores ' of Ovid on 
the title-page of ' Venus and Adonis '? If it 
does, I can refer Mr. Yardley to another 
Latin quotation, placed in the mouth of 
Gloucester in ' 2 Henry VI.,' II. i., which reads 
" Tantsene animis coelestibus iras," taken 
from the '^neid,' I ii. Curiously enough, 
this verj' quotation also appears in Bacon's 
commonplace book, the 'Promus.' 

George Stronach. 

Edinburgh. 

" Folks " (9'^ S. xi. 369, 438).- At the latter 
reference I find a quotation from a book by 
Edwards, called 'Words, Facts, and Phrases,' 
which is a very poor and worthless authority; 
and from the first edition of Webster; but not 
a word about the ' H.E.D.' For myself, I 
prefer the ' H.E.D.,' where I find the true 
statement of the facts :— 

" From the fourteenth century onward the plural 
has been used in the same sense [men, people], and 
since the seventeenth century is the ordinary form, 
the singular being archaic or dialectal. The word 
is now chiefly colloquial, being superseded in more 
formal use hy people." 

Twenty-two examples follow, from 1225 to 
1882. 

Webster's explanation, that it had no 
plural because it was a collective noun, does 
not explain anything. According to this, 
such words as company, troop, and army have 
no plurals. 

The reason why the A.-S. folc had the 
plural /o^c is that it belonged to the class of 
strong neuters with a long stem. It goes, in 
fact, with such words as the Latin regnum 
and Greek tckvok In Latin and Greek the 
plural suffix was very light, and this light 



9- S. XI. June 13, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



471 



suffix dropped off in Germanic (except in 
Gothic), leaving no distinction between the 
two numbers. Walter W. Skeat. 

Penreth (9'^'^ S. xi. 328, 411).— I am obliged 
by O. O. H.'s reply relating to Penreth, and 
have long been acquainted with Mr. Watson's 
paper, but I cannot think that an obscui'e 
place in the Precelly Hills, such as Penrhydd 
or Penrieth, could have been the place 
selected for title to a bishopric. There are 
besides Penrin in Gower, Penrhys near Hir- 
wain, Penrhos near Ragland (once given to a 
Bishop of Llandaff), Penrose near Caerleon, 
but all insignificant places for such purpose. 
The most probable place to my mind at pre- 
sent is Penrhys, in the Rhondda Valley, it 
having been the site of an old monastery, 
suppressed temp. Henry V., and subsequently 
a noted place of pilgrimage to a Holy Well 
of the B.V.M., whose image there was de- 
nounced by Latimer, and was sent up to 
Cromwell in London with all her apparel ; 
but a recent visit to the spot presented 
nothing in support. Alfred Hall. 

"Arciere" (9"^_ S. xi. 405).— The Prince 
Regent of Bavaria has still his Hatschier 
guards {Leibgarde der IlaUchiere) armed with 
hellebards. They can be seen every day at 
Munich. In the procession of Corpus Domini 
(ten days after Pentecost) they walk in 
splendid uniforms next the baldachin of the 
Archbishop as the bodyguard of the Regent, 
who follows also the procession. M. 

Munich, Bavaria. 

"The beautiful city of Prague " (9*^'' S. 
xi. 407, 450).— I am happy to reply to D. H. 
that the author of the refrain which he 
slightly misquotes was the late lamented and 
beloved William Jeffery Prowse, who was 
born on 6 May, 1836, at Torquay, Devonshii-e, 
and died, barely thirty-four, of lingering 
decline at Cimies, near Nice, where he lies 
buried in the cemetery. With the Editor's 
kind permission I should like to tell of his 
other poems. ' The City of Prague ' and the 
rest first appeared in the pages of Fun, the 
most successful penny rival of Punch. It 
contains five stanzas, beginning : — 

I dwelt in a city enchanted, 

And lonely indeed was my lot ; 
Two guineas a week, all I wanted, 

Was certainly all that I got. 
Well, somehow I found it was plenty ; 

Perhaps you may find it the same. 
If — if you are just tive-and-twenty, 

With industry, hope, and an aim : 

Though the latitude 's rather uncertain, 
And the longitude also is vague, 

The persons 1 pity who know not the City, 
The beautiful City of Prague, 



Playfully prefixed is the line, "-Scene: 
Bohemia : a desert country near the sea. — 
Shakespeare." But, unlike Alfred Murger's 
'Vie de Boheme,' which is spent in dear, 
delightful Paris, Prowse's " City of Prague " is 
the still dearer "Little Village on Thames." 
I give the correct version of 1870^ with its 
past tense, agreeing with the ' L'Envoi' (not 
the present tense, confusing "dwelt" and 
"got" of F^m, 1867 ; vide ante, p. 450). The 
' L'Envoi ' marks the emergence from 
Bohemian poverty into success and com- 
petence : — 

But the days I was poor and an artist 
Are the dearest of days to nie still. 

It was reprinted in a shilling volume by 
George Routledge, containing Prowse's j^rose 
' Nicholas's Notes ' ; ten pages of his poems ; 
a portrait ; and a memoir of him by Tom 
Hood the Younger, editor of Fun. Prowse 
died on Easter Sunday, 1870. All who knew 
that bright spirit loved him. 

J. W. Ebsworth. 
The Priory, Ashford, Kent. 

[Mr. S. J. Aldrich sends the whole poem, which 
is at the disposal of the querist.] 

Reynolds Portrait (9'''> S. xi. 347, 396).— 
Miss Pott was a celebrated courtesan of the 
eighteenth century. She was variously 
called Emily Bertie, Emily Pott, and Emily 
Coventry, and no one seems to have known 
anything of her antecedents, and it seems 
doubtful as to which of the three names, 
if any, was her correct name. Reynolds 
painted her as 'Thais' in or about 1776, and 
the picture was purchased by the Hon. C. 
Greville ; it was in the Royal Academy of 
1781. It was exhibited at the British In- 
stitution in 1817 by the Earl of Dysart, 
at Suffolk Street in 1833 by Admiral Tolle- 
mache, and at Manchester in 1857 by J. 
ToUemache ; it was recently purchased from 
Lord ToUemache by the late Baron Ferdi- 
nand de Rothschild. See Graves and Cronin's 
' History of the Works of Sir Joshua Rey- 
nolds.' It was engraved by S. W. Reynolds 
as well as hy Rartolozzi. Romney also 
painted her in 1781 (see Romney '_s 'Memoirs,' 
pp. 178-9). She went to India with Mr. Pott, 
where they both died. 

At the latter part of the eigliteenth cen- 
tury there was the well - known family of 
Pott, of which the most distinguished mem- 
ber was Percival Pott, the eminent surgeon, 
whose portrait is at the Royal College of 
Surgeons, Lincoln's Inn Fields. One of his 
daughters married another surgeon, Mr. (after- 
wards Sir) James Earle, whose grandson is 
the present Bishop of Marlborough. I do 



472 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9'" s. xi. June 13, loos. 



not think that Emily Pott was in any way 
connected with the surgeon's family. 

W. KOBEETS. 
Royal Societies Club, S.W. 

Long Melford Chukch, Suffolk (9"' S. 
xi. 367).— A very full and interesting account 
of this beautiful church is to be found in Sir 
William Parker's ' History of Long Melford.' 
This work was printed for the author by 
Wyman &, Sons in 1873, pp. x-379. 

S. J. Aldrich. 

New Southgate. 

A full account of this church is given in 
' The History of Long Melford, Suffolk,' by the 
late Sir William Hyde Parker, of Melford Hall. 
It was my privilege to officiate in the said 
church last summer, and I agree with Crom- 
well that it, with its restored Ladye Chapel, 
is most interesting. Its history is both in- 
teresting and instructive. The Abbots of 
Bury St. Edmunds were formerly lords of 
the manor of Melford, and Melford Hall was 
their country seat. 

F. C. Arnold- Jarvis, LL.D. 

The beautiful church of Long Melford— the 
village is so called from having been nearly a 
mile in length— dates from the fifteenth cen- 
tury, but the tower is a comparatively modern 
erection. At the upper end of the north 
aisle is a monument to William de Clopton, 
who died in 1446. The nave is in the very 
late Perpendicular style. See ' The Beauties 
of England and Wales,' 1813, vol. xiv. p. 16.5 ; 
'The History of Suffolk,' by the Rev. J. J. 
Raven, 1895, p. 123 ; and ' The British 
Traveller,' by James Dugdale, LL.D., vol. iv. 

J. HOLDEN MacMiCHAEL. 

Army Doctors (9^'' S. xi. 387).— The waters 
of Cheltenham and of Bath do not always 
succeed in dispelling the gouty humours of 
our veterans. One of classical attainments 
cannot pardon Homer for giving Machaon and 
Podalirios command over their own followers, 
much less the War Office for giving the 
sacred titles of army rank to the army sur- 
geons of our own time. He asks, " Why should 
these gentlemen be ashamed of their noble 
profession and desire to pose as military 
men ? " But in this query he begs the ques- 
tion. Tiiere is no evidence that army surgeons 
are ashamed of their profession, be it noble 
or only nece.ssary ; and how can they pose as 
military men wlien they are military men ? 
The army surgeon is rather more military 
than the major-general who has climbed up 
the ladder of promotion while purveying 
beef and bread, bedding and kitchen utensils 
to H.M. forces, or than the RE. officer 



who has for nearly the whole of his service 
been virtually an architect or a surveyor. The 
army medical officer is constantly in command 
of men of the army medical corps, and also of 
every inmate of his hospital. I do not see 
how he can be expected to be above the army 
taste for titles and gold lace ; and the War 
Office has indulged this taste in order to get 
good officers economically. Line subalterns 
are to be got in any number and for small 
pay; but surgeons fit for the army are not 
easy to get, and the price has to be paid- 
par tly in the titles dear to human nature. 
There was once a singer— it may have been 
Farinelli— whom Frederick the Great wished 
to enlist in his opera company, but the pay 
asked by the singer took the agent aback. 
"Why, the king does not pay one of his 
generals so much!" " Ebbene, faccia can- 
tare il suo generale." 

Edward Nicholson. 
Liverpool. 

Your correspondent is unjust to the 
medical officers of the army. The work 
of an army surgeon is very different in 
the present day from what it was fifty 
years ago. Improved hospitals and superior 
means of attending the wounded on the 
field have rendered necessary a separate 
medical corps of various kinds of helpers. 
All these necessary assistants are soldiers 
enlisted under the Articles of War ; the 
medical officers command them. This being 
so, it is necessary that they should have 
real military rank. Very few of the army- 
surgeons have been or are doctors. Until 
they attained the rank of surgeon-major in 
the old days, the only title they could lay 
claim to was the ordinary Mr., which in the 
army is the right of a warrant officer. It 
was probably for this reason that they 
received almost universally the brevet rank 
of doctor in military circles. Under these 
circumstances it was not only an act of 
justice, as between officers of one department 
and another, but it was an act of the highest 
expediency to give rank to officers who had 
none. F. P. 

Is not the desire " to pose as copper 
captains " caused by the fact that .so many 
so-called "doctors" are not doctors at all, but 
merely Bachelors of Medicine or licentiates 
of the different colleges? Many medical 
men who call themselves, and are called 
doctors, do not hold a doctor's degree, but are 
merely so called by the vulgar, in common 
with " horse doctors " or " cow doctors." A 
" copper captain " is certainly of higher rank 
than a doctor who is not a doctor. The 



gt-s. XI. June 13, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



473 



military title is real, while the medical one is 
bogus. K. Barclay-Allardice. 

Hymn by Dean Vaughan (9"' S. xi. 308). 
— The hymn in question will be found in 
' Church Hymns, with Tunes,' edited by 
Arthur Sullivan, Mus.Doc, published by the 
S.P.CK. It is numbered 308 in my copy 
(which is now some twenty years old), and is 
set to Dr. J. B. Dykes's tune ' Sanctuary.' 

John T. Page. 

West Haddon, Northamptonshire. 

The late Dean Vaughan's hymn, containing 
four stanzas of eight lines each, beginning 

Lord, whose Temple once did glisten, 
is No. 308 in the S.P.CK. collection of hymns, 
1874, and is, I rather think, to be found in 
some other hymnals ; but as many of my 
hymn-books are not at hand, I cannot just 
now give any other reference. I may add 
that in a very kind and interesting letter to 
me about ten years ago Dean Vaughan gave 
me an account of when and how the hymn 
came to be written, which then (and still) 
left the impression on me that it was com- 
posed under similar circumstances as those 
under which Bishop Heber wrote his well- 
known "From Greenland's icy mountains." 
The letter is carefully preserved, but is not at 
hand to refer to ; but if W. C B. will kindly 
give me his name and address, as soon as I 
find the letter I will give him the informa- 
tion it contains. Dean Vaughan added that 
this was the only hymn ever written by him. 

Thomas Mathewson. 

4, Greenfield Place, Lerwick, Shetland. 

" Lord, whose Temple once did glisten," 
was published in Alford's 'Psalms and Hymns,' 
1844, No. 115. It is in several modern collec- 
tions. These facts are stated in the Ptev. J. 
Julian's 'Dictionary of Hymnolog}',' John 
Murray, 1892. It seems worth while to sug- 
gest that no hymnological query be sent to 
' N. & Q.' until the above storehouse of exact 
information has been consulted. (I have only 
found the hymn in Dr. B. H. Kennedy's 
'Hymnologia Christiana,' 1863, No. 920, and 
in ' Church Hymns,' No. 308.) 

Charles P. Phinn. 

Watford. 

" The Devonshire Dumpling " (9'''' S. xi. 
329).— Neither Mr. Hopkins, of Exeter, nor 
any other Devonshire wrestler appears to have 
been champion of England early last century 
or late in the century before. Had Hopkins 
achieved so prominent a position in the 
country's sport, the fact would certainly have 
been recorded in William Litt's ' Wrestliana,' 
Tate's ' Wrestling References,' or in the less 



accessible Pierce Egan's ' Book of Sports ' 
(1832). These reliable authorities do not name 
him. Abraham Cann was Devon's best-known 
wrestler in the early part of last century. 
His grave may be seen near the west tower 
of Colebrook Church, North Devon. The 
stone records he "died April 6, 1804, aged 
69 years." The name Hopkins still exists in 
Exeter. 

The appellation "Devonshire DumjDling" 
is generally believed to have been first 
applied to the men of the Devon militia of 
one hundred years ago. This body of soldiers 
bore the goodly reputation of being able to 
stand more fatigue tlian any other regiment 
in the kingdom. The average height of the 
men was onlj' 5 ft. 7 in , but, as a rule, their 
shoulders were so broad that when standing 
in line they took more room — for the same 
number — than did any other regiment. The 
fact of their being, in common parlance, 
almost so broad as long gained for them the 
distinctive nickname of " Devonshire Dump- 
lings." This sobriquet has stuck to repre- 
sentatives of the fair county ever since. 

Harry Hems. 

Fair Park, Exeter. 

" Surizian" (9tb S. xi. 287, 377, 417).-May 
I point out that Mr. MacMichael's "obvious " 
derivation of the word " suzerain " is open to 
very considerable question 1 The matter has 
been discussed at great length, 7"^ S. i. 101, 
146, 170, 232, 275, 349, 389, 452 ; ii. 11, 92. 
John B. Wainewright. 

John Kay, of Bury, Langs (9*" S. xi. 
390). — An inquiry was made in 4^'' S. vii. 
142 for the portrait of this inventor. Cer- 
tain particulars respecting him will be found 
at p. 173. As the reply was from an anony- 
mous correspondent, it will be of little or 
no assistance to Mr. Clegg, but I will furnish 
him with a copy if he desires it. 

EvERARD Home Coleman. 

71, Brecknock Road. 

'Banter' (9^'' S. xi. 207, 316). — In the 
Pall Mall Magazine. January-j\Iarch, is an 
article on ' iVlr. Punch : some Precursors 
and Competitors,' by Sir F. C. Burnand. At 
p. 394 is some account of Banter, witli two 
specimen illustrations. No. 1 v/as published 
2 September, 1867, at 188, Fleet Street, price 
\d. Adrian Wheeler. 

Henry II. and Lincoln (9^'^ S. xi. 368).— 
King Henry II. was not "crowned twice," 
but thrice : first, at Westminster, on 20 De- 
cember, 1155; secondly, in the suburbs of 
Lincoln, in 1158; and thirdly, at Worcester, 
in 1159, together with the queen. Ilapia 



474 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [g*" s. xi. june is. im 



de Thoyras, in his ' History of England,' thus 
accounts for these repeated coi'onations :— 

"These superfluous coronations, which were very 
frequent in those days, seem to be designed only to 
amuse the people and to let them see that the kinn; 
really intended to keej) the oath which was taken 
on those occasions. At this last solemnity, the 
king and queen, coming to the Oblation, laid their 
crowns upon the altar, and vowed never to Mcar 
them more." 

EvERAKD Home Coleman. 

71, Brecknock Road. 

Skulls (9*''^ S. xi. 287).— I believe it is now 
generally considered by the most competent 
antiquaries that collections of skulls, such as 
are alluded to by Mk. Edavard Peacock, have 
been so preserved (as the most important 
part of the human frame) in overcoming the 
difficulty that arises when graves are neces- 
sarily disturbed in making architectural addi- 
tions to, or alterations in, an ecclesiastical 
building. But this does not, of course, apply 
to peculiar instances like that of the crania 
preserved in the crypt of Hythe Church, 
Kent, which exhibit unmistakable evidence 
of some desperate conflict or other. 

J. H OLDEN MacMiCHAEL. 

CoLLiNGWOOD (9"^ S. xi. 287).— Although 
no answer to the query, it may interest your 
correspondent to know that a biographical 
notice of the Collingwood family has already 
appeared in 5"' S. ii. 48, 9G, 177, 377 ; xii. 41. 
EvERAKD Home Coleman. 

71, Brecknock Road. 

"Peeler" (9^'* S. xi. 265, 358, 4L5). — 
K. P. D. E. quotes so well from memory that 
1 send the coi'rect verse from Hamilton's 
' Parodies ' (vol. v. p. 154), where it is quoted 
from Flinch of 11 April, 1846 : — 

But he was rusticated 

By the Dons that very night ; 
And when he show'd them his black eye 

They said "It served him right." 
But long at our wine-parties 

We '11 remember how, like bricks, 
Stout Noddy kept the Orescent 

In eighteen-forty-six ! 

Oddly enough the word "peelers," for which 
the verse was given, is conspicuous by its 
absence, but occurs in verses 11 and 12. 

V. W. Dowell. 
Choir House, E.C. 

Russell Family (9^'' S. v. 187).— I have dis- 
covered that Joanna Russell, who married 
William Stedraan, of Frith Street, Soho, 
about 1750, was born 24 May, and baptized 
21 June, 1724, at St.-Martin-in-the-Fields. 
She was daughter of Israel Russell, of New 
Bund Street, painter-stainer, who was buried 
I April, 1748, at St. George's, Hanover 



Square, and whose will, dated 18 August, 
1742, was proved 7 April, 1748, in P.C.C. (128 
Strahan). In the Ancestor for April I have 
given all the information I have traced of 
him and his family. I am now anxious to 
trace his parentage, and the maiden name of 
his first wife Anne and his second wife Mary. 

Aleyn Lyell Reade, 
Park Corner, Blundellsands. 

" That immortal lie " (9"^ S. xi. 167, 391). 
—I beg to thank Mr. Latham for his reply, 
which has reminded me of the book where I 
found the expression. It is the life of " Le 
Reverend Pere de Ravignan : sa Vie, ses 
Qluvres, par M. Poujoulat," second edition, 
1862. The first was published in 1858. The 
passage runs thus : — 

" Dans la controverse des cinq propositions, 11 
n'etait pas facile au public de d^meler en quoi con- 
sistait I'exactitude thi'ologique ; ce qu'il comprenait 
le mieux dans ce debat, c'ctait ce qui I'amusait ; or, 
il arriva que Terijouement comi(iue et la raillerie 
eloquente coulerent en flots intarissables, aux 
depens des jesuites, dans ce mensonge immortel 
intitule : les Provinciales."—Fi). 80-1. 

M. Poujoulat does not give the words as a 
quotation ; I therefore consider him to be the 
author of the phrase, which is very suggestive 
in whatever way we look upon it. I am most 
grateful to the Editor and his learned con- 
tributor for the information so kindly given. 

T. C. J. 

Pre - Reformation Practices in English 
Churches (9^'^ S. x. 468; xi. 55, 134, 291).— 
No better illustration of the gradual dying 
out of ancient beliefs and practices can be 
found than those which appear in the wills 
and inventories published by the Surtees 
Society. These wills were often written by 
the clergy themselves, and they show how 
slow and gradual was the work of the Re- 
formation within the Church and among the 
faithful laity. In the 'Durham Wills '(Sur- 
tees Soc. Pub., vol. ii.), for example, it is 
not until the year 1567 that we meet with 
a decidedly Protestant declaration. On 
20 May in that year William Brown, of 
Gateshead, making his will, or rather having 
it made, expressed his religious views at 
length thus :— 

"I will'm broune callinge to remembrannc the 

transitorie Stat of man to githerwith the ji'svvasions 
of sathan is a enemye to the saluac'on of man do not 
only declare this my last Avyll and testament in 
man' as a stay to my conscienc my wyffe & chyldrein 
but also in few wordes declare y" some of my pro- 
fession as a testimonie of my ftayth and confusione 
of the deuyll. tfirst I p"fesse and confesse one god 
in trinitie & that ther is no sauio"' no mediator nor 
advocat butt onlye Jesus Christ god and man & y* 
he allon by y' sheddinge of his most precius blodd 



9". s. XL JnxK 13 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



475 



haith pacyfied the wrath of god Justlye conceyved 
against man & that there is no sanctaficac'on no 
redempc'on nor purgac'on of synne but onlye by 
the merits of the Christs deaith & passion & all 
other superstitions & feyned cattells only deuised 
to illud the symple and vnlerned as y"" vile abuses 
of y'* sea of Rome 1 vtterlye detest & abhore and 
as tuciiinge my last will and testament ffyrst 1 
bequeth my soull to almightie godd and my bodye 
to be buryed within my p'ishe churcheof gatished,' 
&c. 

So far as these wills are concerned, the first 
to depart from the old custom of leaving tlie 
soul to God, the Blessed Virgin, and all the 
celestial company of heaven was Robert 
Gower, an ofiicer of Berwick garrison, who 
in 1545, acknowledging Henry VIII. to be 
"in the erthe suji'me head of this churche of 
England and Ireland imediately under god," 
bequeathed his soul " vnto god Alrayghtye," 
and his body to be buried " where it shall 
please god." But it was not till some years 
afterwards that the practice became general 
of thus trusting the soul to God alone. 

IvICHAED WeLFORD. 

The Kev. T. C. Phillips, vicar of Skewen 
by Neath, Glamorgan, an enthusiastic Welsh 
scholar, told me in the summer of 1901 that 
the sign of the cross was in use among Pro- 
testants in Wales in the early part of the 
nineteenth centurj-, before the influence of 
the Oxford movement had reached them. 
He derived the word croesa?(^ = welcome from 
Latin cruce, through some such word as 
cruciata or cruciolata, because blessing was 
accompanied by the sign of the cross, and 
used for welcoming guests. 

E. S. DODGSON. 

Oxford. 

Mr. Rickword is apparently under the 
impression that the pre - Reformation wills 
were written by or at the dictation of the 
testators themselves. I have copied several 
hundreds of wills of the earlier half of the 
sixteenth century relating to Leeds and dis- 
trict, and my opinion is that they were 
written by tlie parish priest according to 
precedent, as the wills of the same village 
are in the same common foi'in and often in 
nearly the same words. Thej^ were usually 
witnessed by the clergy of the parish, in a 
similar manner to that in which a solicitor 
now witnesses the wills he has drawn. They 
were generally made a short time previously to 
the testator's death, and probably expressed 
more the wishes of the priest with regard to 
religious bequests than of the testator. Later, 
the clergy almost ceased to appear as witnesses, 
and no doubt they also gradually ceased to 
draw the wills, consequently the religious 
bequests became rarer, but the charitable be- 



quests were given more according to the 
feelings of the testator. As a rule, wills 
have been always written according to 
precedent. After the dissolution of the 
monasteries wealth became more common, 
education more general, and wills increased 
greatly in number and length. 

G. D. LuMB. 

Milton's ' Hymn on the Mornino of 
Christ's Nativity ' (9'" S. xi. 88, 193). -I do 
not know whether it has been noticed that 
Dr. Johnson in his dictionary punctuates the 
passage thus : — 

Nature, in awe to him, 

Had doff'd her gaudy trim, 

With her great master so to sympathize. 

In ray copy of Milton's poetry, published in 
1807, the only comma is after trim. ^ The 
punctuation of Dr. Johnson and that in my 
book seem to me to be equally right. 

Nature, in awe, to him 
Had doff'd her gaudy trim. 

I doubt whether this expresses Milton's 
meaning. E. Yardley. 

Mourning Sunday (9"> S. ix. 366, 390, 497 ; 
x. 72, 155, 297 ; xi. 15).— It was certainly the 
custom in the rural parts of Surrey during 
the period 1845-70 for the mourners at a 
funeral during the week to attend the village 
church on the Sunday following, wearing the 
long streaming hatbands and scarves then 
used at funerals. Those who were relatives 
of the person buried wore crape scarves and 
sti'eamers ; those who were friends, uncon- 
nected by ties of relationship, wore silk. 

F. DE H. L. 

Requiem masses are prohibited on all 
Sundays. The omission of a comma ante, 
p. 15, might leave that doubtful. 

W. F. P. S. 

Ottawa. 

" Sleep the sleep of the just " (9'^'' S. xi. 
429).— It may perhaps be interesting in con- 
nexion with this question (although not 
helping the matter as regards the origin of 
the English expression) to remark that " le 
sommeil du juste" appears to exist as a pro- 
verbial phrase in French, both in the sense of 
the sleep of a person with a clear conscience 
and the sleep of the tomb. Besclierelle's 
dictionary (but not Littre or Larousse) also 
gives as a quotation from Racine the follow- 
ing line : — 

Elle s'eudormit du sommeil des justes. 
Can any one quote chapter and verse ? (I 
mean, of course, play, act, and scene.) 

E. Latham, 

61, Friends' Road, E. Croydon. 



476 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [Q'" s. xi. June 13, 1903. 



DuNCALFE (9"' S. xi. 289, 392).— The latter 
part of the article referred to at 8'^'' S. viii. 
212 was written bj' me, and mentions Dun- 
calfe as tlie name of an ancient family 
now extinct, but for many generations resi- 
dent at Fox wist, " a moated grange " in the 
parish of Frestbury, co. Chester (see the 
'Ancient Parish of Frestbury,' by Frank 
Kenaud, M.D.). My impression is that it is 
a Cheshire name, and can now be found in 
that county. John Fickfoed, M.A. 

Shakespeare's Shylock (9'''' S. xi. 266). — 
Steevens, in a note to ' The Merchant of 
Venice,' has the following : "Gregorio Leti, 
in his life of Sixtus V., translated by Ellis 
Farneworth, 1754, has likewise this kind of 
story." Then the story which your corre- 
spondent tells is related, but at much greater 
length. This " pound of flesh " story is much 
older than the time of Sixtus V.; for it is 
in the ' Fecorone ' and in the ' Gesta 
Romanorum.' E. Yaedley. 

Lancelot Sharpe, Sir R. Fhillips, and 
S. T. Coleridge (9"» S. xi. 341, 381, 434).— 
Bonus dormitat Honierus. There must be 
some mistake in the anecdote concerning 
Coleridge recorded at the last reference as 
regards the date of the occurrence, which 
must have taken place many years earlier. 
At the cottage of Clevedon, near Bristol, 
where Coleridge resided towards the end of 
the eighteenth century, three children were 
born to him : Hartley in 1796, Derwent in 
1800, Sara ip 1803. This record points at 
least to a circumstance thirty years later, 
though unaffecting the amusing nature of 
the story. John Fickford, M.A. 

" Different than " (9"' S. x. 128, 192, 275, 
391).— As " different to " is mentioned, I may 
observe that the only celebrated writer who, 
to my knowledge, has used the expression is 
Thackeray. I dare say, however, that others 
have done so, though it is generally avoided 
by good writers. I have no modern English 
dictionary. Ferhaps Dr. Murray has not 
quoted _ the following sentence : " This is a 
very different manner of welcome to that 
of our own day" (Thackeray, 'English 
Humourists: Congreve'). E. Yardley. 

[Examples of "different to" are cited in the 
' H.E.D.,' including one from Thackeray's 'Esmond.'] 

Carbonari (9^'' S. xi. 349).— The book to 
which Mr. E. E. Street, F.S.A., probably 
refers— no doubt he has seen it, thougli, 
maybe, he cannot on the moment recall it 
to mind— was published in 1821 by John 
Murray, of Albemarle Street, under tiie title 
of ' Memoirs of the Secret Societies of tlie 



South of Italy, particularly the Carbonari, 
translated from the Original MS.' The work 
which I name — the only one, I believe, ever 
printed in English containing the exact 
information sought by Mr. Street— contains, 
in addition to detailed particulars as to 
initiation, oaths, threats of punishment to 
traitors, and so on, information regarding 
the various lodges— central, branch, or rival 
societies. In the book are also many illus- 
trations, portraits, gatherings of members, 
copies of certificates, which, though printed 
by Hullmandel, do but slight credit to the 
litho-artist, the litho-printer, or the paper- 
maker. As the " edition " of the work would 
assuredly be small— perhaps about four hun- 
dred — "published by subscription," I doubt 
if Mr. Street would be able to procure a 
copy, either by loan or purchase. However, 
should he have any special reason for seeking 
actual information as to the " Freemasonlike " 
rules of initiation, I would not mind, on 
receipt of a private letter, writing out and 
sending him (gratuitously) one or two extracts, 
let us say, of the inaugural rites of the two 
principal centres, Rome and Naples. Although 
I was not, when a young boy, very hopeful 
as regarded Italian freedom, yet when such 
heroes as Charles Albert, Lord Byron, the two 
Frinces Louis Napoleon— without referring 
to more than one brave Englishman — threw 
in their lot with the " Charcoal-charrers," 
one could not but sympathize. I would 
like to add, before concluding, that, in 
addition to the book which I have already 
named, I have to hand a small amount of 
printed information — probably not always 
vero — concerning the history and habits of 
the brave enthusiasts who created "United 
Italy," which information (for all it is worth) 
I should be always glad to place at the service 
of Italian sympathizers. In 1859 J. F. Smith, 
the once-renowned novelist of the " Demo- 
cracy," contributed a serial story to Cassell's 
Illustrated Family Paper, entitled ' Minnie 
Moyne ; or. Broken at Last,' wherein may 
be found a few clever sketches of the sayings 
and doings of the early Carbonari days. Had 
not Frince Charles Louis Napoleon (after- 
wards Napoleon III.) " taken the oath," when 
a boy, as a brother of the Carbonari, Europe 
would, perhap.s, never have seen a united 
kingdom of Italy. Herbert B. Clayton. 
39, Renfrew Road, Lower Kennington Lane. 

The code of Carbonarism is found most 
fully in ' The Memoirs of the Secret Societies 
of the South of Italj', particularly the Car- 
bonari' (London, 1821), a work translated 
from the original French MS., the production 
of Baron Bertholdy, a converted Jew. See 



9th s. XI June 13, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



477 



' The Secret Societies 
Countries,' by C. W. 



of All Ages and 
Heckethorn, 1897, 
p. 331 ; also pp. 157-77, &c. 

J. HOLDEN MacMiCHAEL. 

Probably your correspondent will find what 
he requires in Baron Bartholdy's 'Memoires 
sur les Societes dans le Midi de I'ltalie' and 
' Memoires sur le Brigandage dans le Midi 
de ritalie,' an English translation of which 
was published by John Murray in 1821. 

EvERARD Home Coleman. 

71, Brecknock Road. 

KuRisH German (9^^ S. x. 406 ; xi. 90).— 
Mr. G. Ackerley will not take it amiss, I 
hope, if I contradict his statements about the 
Kurish German. The well-educated Kur- 
landers speak an excellent German, and the 
peculiarities of that of the middle classes are 
not taints originating in Lettish, but such as 
can all be found in the several dialects of our 
country. He will not be able to quote one 
single construction derived from Lettish syn- 
tax. " Ich werde spazieren heute " is a gib- 
berish which every real Kurlander would 
spurn to use ; it is manifestly Yiddish. He 
may say " Ich geh ins Aussemland," but cer- 
tainly not " Aussemlande " ; neither do we 
say "ins Auslande," but "ins Ausland." 

" Ich f ung an zu schreien " is heard in many 

Earts of Middle Germany, e.g., Coethen, 
>essau, Mansfeld. It is the same with " er 
loff." Goethe says : — 

Ich bin gar inanche Wege geloften, 

Auf'm Neidweg habt Ihr mich nie betroffen. 

In biographies of the seventeenth century 
I have frequently met with the phrase "Er 
war durch hohe Schulen geloffen " = " He had 
had college training." Also we in the Duchy 
of Anhalt use the form "herausser"; when 
children we sang the old nursery rime— 

A, B, C, 

Die Katze lief in'n Schnee, 
Als sie widder herausser kani, 
Hatte sie weisse Hosen an. 

The letter g is pronounced y on the Lower 
Rhine as well as in East Prussia — in fact, 
in the whole of Lower Germany. The 
Southerners ridicule the Berlin people for 
their " Eene jut jebratene Jans is 'ne jute 
Jabe Jottes " ; the vulgar i for u, e for o, is 
a disagreeable feature of, I think, three- 
quarters of our dialects. We had another 
nursery rime used for " telling-off" : — 

Meine Mutter hat gesagt, •• 

Sauer is nich siesse, 

Nimni dich keene Bauersmagd, 
Die hat krumme Fiesse ; 

Nimm dich eene aus de Stadt, 

Die jerade Beene hat. 

Kraufen is not peculiar to Kurland ; /and 



c/i are interchanged in many German dialects. 
Compare English .shaft, our Schncht ; soft, and 
sacht, sanft ; Dutch lucht, our Luft ; and the 
old pronunciation of enough, cough, tough, 
with the present one. " Der Schmant " for 
Sahne, cream, is also used in East and West 
Prussia ; it is of Slav origin. Whether there 
are any words of Lettish extraction in the 
Kurish vocabulary I very much doubt. Would 
Mr. Ackerley kindly give such as he thinks 
belong to that class? The Kurlanders are 
a stout race, very proud of their German 
nationality, and very anxious to preserve as 
firm as possible the only tie left them which 
holds them to the Fatherland. 

G. Krueger. 
Berlin. 

Arms of Married Women (9**" S. ix. 28, 
113, 195; x. 194, 256, 290, 473; xi. 114, 197, 
313). — Mr. Campbell correctly says that 
a peeress in her own right who is married 
bears her arms on a lozenge. But he omits 
to add (what I pointed out in 'N. & Q.') that 
her arms, ensigned with her coronet, are 
placed also in pretence on her husband's 
shield. Heraldry is the shorthand of 
genealogy, and, if every woman may " bear 
her paternal arms on the feminine lozenge," 
how are we to know whether she be maid, 
wife, or widow 1 George Angus. 

St. Andrews, N.B. 

Mr. Rowe, it seems, would subject 
heraldic practice in this particular to the 
Married Women's Property Act, 1882. The 
idea is ingenious, and has much to recom- 
mend it. Pity the question of a married 
lady's arras was not covered by a special 
clause in the statute, especially as a man's 
coat-armour is a chattel real in the eye of 
the law. John Hobson Matthews. 

Monmouth. 

Britannia Theatre, Hoxton (9'^'' S. xi. 
386).— Referring to Mr Hibgame's interest- 
ing communication on this subject, perhaps 
I may be permitted to mention that I 
remember very well indeed my first and only 
visit to the " Old Brit.," more than a quarter 
of a century ago. I occupied on the occasion 
to which I refer a seat in the centre of the 
pit, and I must admit that I was simply 
amazed to see how densely " the great 
theatre " was packed with an audience whose 
enthusiasm during the evening was pro- 
digious. As a lover of the drama my voyage 
was undertaken for the purpose of seeing for 
myself how East-End playgoers enjoyed 
themselves on a Saturday night. I was not 
disappointed. I may add that I was not a 
little amused, not to say surprised, when I 



478 



NOTES AND QUERIES. t9"< s. xi. June 13, im 



saw what a large trade was done in the sale 
of beer and sheeps' trotters and bread to the 
seated pittites between the acts. That man 
of the world, Don Juan, said, not that "The 
play's the thing," but 

All human history attests 
That happiness for man— the hungry sinner — 
Since Eve ate apples, must depend on dinner [or 
supper ?J. 

Henry Gerald Hope. 

London Apprentices : their Dress (9"' S. 
xi. 207, 316).— In the year 1582, the luxury of 
dress having greatly increased among people 
of all degrees, but particularly apprentices, 
the Court of Common Council, apprehending 
such custom might prove of dangerous con- 
sequence, passed an Act for regulating their 
dress in future, in which it was enacted as 
follows : — 

" That no apj^rentice whatsoever should presume 
to wear any apparel but what he received Irom his 
master. To wear no Jiat, nor anything but a woollen 
caj) without any silk in or about the same. To wear 
neither ruffles, cuffs, loose collars, nor other thinj' 
than a ruti'at the collar, and that only of a yard and 
a half long. To wear no doublets but what were 
made of canvas, fustian, sackcloth, English leather, 
or woollen, without any gold, silver, or silk trim- 
ming. To wear no other coloured cloth, or kersey 
in hose or stockings, than white, blue, or russet. 
To wear no other breeches but what should be of the 
same stuff's as the doul)lets, and neither stitched, 
laced, or bordered. To wear no other surtout than 
a cloth gown or cloak, lined or faced with cloth, 
cotton, or baize, with a fixed round collar, without 
stitching, guarding, lace, or silk. To wear no pumps, 
slippers, or shoes, but of English leathei-, without 
being pinked, edged, or stitched ; nor girdles or 
garters, other than of cruel, woollen, thread, or 
leather, without being garnished. To wear no 
sword, dagger, or other weapon, but a knife : nor a 
ring, jewel of gold nor silver, nor silk, in any part of 
his apparel, on pain of being ]iunished at the discre- 
tion of the master for the first offence ; to be publicly 
whipped at the hall of his coinijany for a second 
offence ; and to serve six months longer than speci- 
fied in his indentures for a third offence." 

And it was further enacted 

" that no apprentice should frequent or go to any 
dancing, fencing, or musical school ; nor keep any 
chest, press, or other place, for keeping of apparel 
or goods, but in his master's house, under the 
Itenalties aforesaid.' — \V. Harrison's 'New and 
Universal History, Description, and Survey of 
London, and Westminster, and the Borough of 
iSouthwark,' book i. chap, xxviii. p. 217. 

J. HOLDEN MacMiCHAEL. 



SJtsrfllanfjons. 

NOTES ON BOOKS, kr. 

Tke Work-i of Charlts awl Mar// Lamb. Edited by 

E. V. Lucas.— Vol. L MUcdlaneom Prone. 1798- 

IS.i/f. (Mclhuen & Co.) 

That Mr. Lucas has been engaged upon a new 

edition of Lamb has been known for some time in 



the literary world, and might reasonably have been 
inferred from an intelligent study of our columns. 
The first volume of this has appeared in very hand- 
some and attractive guise from Messrs. Methuen. 
That the edition auspiciously begun will for some 
time supplant all others is probable, since, apart 
from all other merits, it includes many essays 
and poems not previously identified. A system of 
annotation more thorough than has previously been 
judged necessary has been adopted, and a larger 
space has, we are instructed, been assigned to the 
letters of Mary Lamb, no less important and at 
times no less delightful than those of her brother. 
When complete the work will be in seven volumes, 
thus arranged : I., now before us, ' Miscellaneous 
Prose ' ; IL, ' Elia and Last Letters of Elia' ; 111., 
'Books for Children'; IV., 'Dramatic Specimens 
and the Garrick Plays'; V., 'I",jems and Plays': 
and VI. and VII., ' Letters.' To these most will 
add on their appearance two volumes containing a 
life of Lamb by Mr. Lucas, announced as in pre- 
paration. 

Of the 560 pages of which the first volume is 
constituted well on to one-third is made up of 
notes, which are always helpful and at times 
especially edifying. Mr. Lucas owns to an appre- 
hension that this amount may be regarded as exces- 
sive. \\'e are receding, however, rapidly from the 
times of Lamb, and a considerable portion of the 
contents of the volume has been before the public 
for a century. It is inevitable that allusions which 
were easily comprehended by Lamb's contemporaries 
should become obscure. When Lamb, for instance, 
discoursing under the head ' The New Acting,' men- 
tions Russell s Jerry Sneak, his readers knew what 
he was talking about as well as if a more modern 
critic were to talk of Sothern's Dundreary. At 
the present moment a man must turn to Brewer's 
' Dictionary of Phrase and Fable ' to find out that 
Jerry Sneak is a character in Eoote's 'Mayor of 
Garratt,' and to the ' Dictionary of National Bio- 
graphy ' to learn that Samuel Thomas Russell was 
an actor of the first half of the last century whose 
greatest part Jerry Sneak was. Full as they are, 
Mr. Lucas's comments are not exhaustive. When, 
for instance, in the same article with which we are 
already dealing ('The New Acting'), we find Lamb 
saying of the actresses of his day that "instead of 
playing their pretty airs ujion their lover on the 
stage, as Mrs. Abington or [and] Mrs. Cibber were 
content to do, or Mrs. O'dheld before them, their 
whole artillery of charms is directed to ensnare — 
whom ?— why the whole audience," Lamb is sinijily 
recalling Colley Gibber's description of Mrs. Mon- 
fort s [Mountfort's] Melantha in ' Marriage-a-la- 
mode,' in which occurs the phrase "her whole 
artillery of Airs, Eyes, and jNlotion," perhaps the 
most sparkling criticism ever written. 

Mr. Lucas's notes are abundantly illustrated, the 
designs reproduced including not only many plates 
from Hogarth to which I'eference is made in the essay 
'On the Genius and Character of Hogarth,' but 
Poussin's ' The Plague at Athens,' Sir Joshua's 
' Holy Family,' ' Death of Cardinal Beaufort,' and 
'Count UgoHno,' Correggio's 'Vice,' Da Vinci's 
'Creator Mundi,' and Wilkie's 'Saturday Night.' 
Facsimiles are also given of the early editions of 
C. & J. Oilier and of Lee and Hurst. The 1818 
edition of the former is, indeed, the basis of the 
text adopted. 

We note that Mr. Lucas unhesitatingly attributes 
to Lamb a hand in the Falstafif letters. We do not 



t-S. XL June 13, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



479 



approve, however, of his suggested substitution in 
this work of " fugitive" for "forgetive." The latter, 
which is derived from " forge," is a good .Shake- 
spearian word and is unquestionably right. A note, 
p. 403, accounts for the appearance in the present 
vohinie of the ' Characters of Dramatic Writers 
contemporary with Shakspeare.' Lamb's notes are 
abridginents of those in the 'Specimens of English 
Dramatic Poets,' wliich are to be subsequently 
republished. It is in order that the full text of 
Lamb's own 1818 edition of his works may be pre- 
served that these appear. This excuse will to most 
be valid. It is worthy of conmient, a j}ropos of the 
performance of ' Timon of Athens' at Drury Lane, 
28 October, 1816, to which Lamb refers, that the 
acting edition of this was prepared by the Hon. 
George Lamb, with whom Lamb was often con- 
founded. In the latest and best edition of the 
' Eiographia Dramatica' 'Mr. H, ' is attributed to 
the Hon. George Lambe (sic). 

Among the passages now first rendered generally 
accessible are many of interest. It is no longer 
true, as Lamb says (p. 377, Appendix) il propos of 
Milton's 'Comus,' that it " is not well known ; and 
, for the little renown he [Milton] may possess he is 
indebted to the stage." In connexion with the 
' Every Day Book ' and the ' Table Book ' Mr. 
Lucas has some admirable notes. He is unques- 
tionably right in afhrming that the letter which 
appears in the ' Table Book ' after the fourth 
instalment of the Garrick plays, and has been in- 
cluded in some editions of Lamb, is not by him. 
We hope he is right in assuming that in the ' Table 
Book ' Lamb's hand may be traced more frequently 
than is generally supposed. The notes constitute, 
indeed, a mine of curious and interesting informa- 
tion, to which there is every temptation to recur. 
They add greatly to the value of what, so soon as it 
is known, will be the most popular edition of 
Lamb's writings. 

English Literaturt : an Illustrated Berord. — Vol. I. 

From the. Beginnings to the Age of Henr)/ VIII. 

By Richard 'Garnett, C.B., LL.D. — Vol. III. 

From Milton to Johnson. By Edmund Gosse, 

Hon. LL.D. (Heinemann.) 
It is superfluous to say that no history of English 
literature corresponding to that two volumes 
of which are now issued by Mr. Heinemann 
has previously been published. Histories of 
English literature, some of which are reasonably 
up to date, abound, and one such is at the present 
moment in course of reissue. Until modern days, 
however, a work on the scale and of the class of 
the present could scarcely have been published at a 
price that would have left a chance of a remunera- 
tive result. Modern reproductive processes and 
other recent improvements have brought within 
reach things that seemed possible only in fairyland, 
with the result that the work before us is an accom- 
Vilished — or, at least, a half-accomplished — fact. 
We have for the first time a history of literature 
reivroducing for us in facsimile the most priceless 
documents in our national collections, and assign- 
ing the work at its outset a splendour such as few, 
if any, extra-illustrated products of tlie period of 
grangerizing can rival. The result of the labours 
that have been carried out is a complete vivitication 
of the subject, and the owner of the entire 
work will have within reach a knowledge of our 
literature such as the greatest "clerks" of past 
days might have envied. So far as regards the 



letterpress of a work of this im])ortance, we might 
have expected to find it due to the collaboration of 
what in France is called une socictc de gens de 
lettres. The publisher has, however, been bold 
enough to trust the compilation to two scholars of 
exceptional industry and erudition, with results 
that are, so far as our present observations extend, 
wholly satisfactory. 

Dr. Garnett is responsible for the large tract 
between the age of Beowulf and that of Milton, 
while Dr. Gosse continues the labour, and links the 
age of Milton with that of Tennyson. Each of 
these writers brings to his task special qualifica- 
tions, and each has accomplished half his labours. 
Dr. Garnett's first volume extends from the "begin- 
nings" to the reign of Henry VIIL, leaving for his 
subsequent volume the whole of what is generally 
known as the Tudor literature ; while Dr. Gosse, 
who stops at the age of Johnson, has yet to deal 
with the great literary renascence of the past cen- 
tury, the full value and significance of which are 
still, perhaps, but half understood. It is easy and 
grateful to speak of what has been accomplished, 
and welcome a work which, for the reader of 
general culture, will enlarge immensely the bounds 
of knowledge, and will establish, as regards the 
treatment of our national stores, a precedent of the 
utmost importance. In order justly to appraise 
we must wait the appearance of the remaining 
volumes, the last of which will contain the indis- 
pensable index. 

An all but impossible task awaits the reviewer 
who seeks to convey an idea of the wealth or the 
importance of the illustrations. Each volume, we 
may premise, contains a connected history of litera- 
ture during the period covered, together with 
brief lives and apjireciations of the authors men- 
tioned. Portraits of writers, where such are obtain- 
able, are furnished, together with reproductions of 
pages of priceless MSS. and views of spots of 
interest connected with an epoch and the works 
the production of which it witnessed. To begin 
with the first volume : the frontispiece of this 
consists of a superb coloured illustration repro- 
ducing a page of the priceless Ellesmere Chaucer 
at Bridgewater House, containing an equestrian 
portrait of Chaucer. Much earlier and more naive 
illustrations follow from the Casdmon MS. of the 
tenth century in the Bodleian. The Csedmon cross 
at Whitby Abbey and other historical monuments 
are reproduced, including the ruins of Lindisfarne 
Abbey and the famous Jewel of Alfred the Great, 
the subject during recent years of more than one 
monograph. Other pages from famous MSS. of the 
' Ormulum,' Layamon's ' Brut,' ' The Ancren Riwle,' 
'The Ayenbite of Inwyt,' and 'Piers Plowman' 
follow, before we come to interesting illustrations 
from the early romances — the leading Arthurian 
metrical romances belonging to the Lancelot, Per- 
ceval, and Sanct Greal cycles being, however, undis- 
cussed. From 'The Pearl' many admirably inter- 
esting illustrations are obtained. A profoundly 
beautiful coloured design of the Canterbury Pil- 
grims and an illuminated presentation by Lydgate 
of his poem to the king are among the gems of the 
volume. Sir John Mandeville supplies many valu- 
abl<! illustrations, and we then come to the early 
Bibles, which occui>y an all - imi)ortant chapter. 
The Scottish poets are not neglected, and a MS. 
' Song of Welcome,' by Dunbar, to Margaret Tudor 
deserves special note. 

Vol. iii. has for frontispiece a coloured repro- 



480 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9"- s. xi. June 13, im 



duction of a crayon portrait of Milton by Faithorne. 
It is lifelike, 'but the face looks stern. Very 
different is tiie reproduced i>ortrait of Milton from 
the 1645 'Poems,' with Milton's bantering Greek 
lines to the artist. A splendid portrait of the Earl 
of Clarendon, after Gerard Soest, follows, and is in 
turn succeeded by a likeness of John Dryden by 
Sir Godfrey Kuell'er. Of almost all the Carolinian 
poets likenesses are given, though we are sorry, 
when a man such as Flatman is introduced, to 
miss the superb likeness of George Wither in the 
' Emblemes.' Sadler's portrait of Bunyan is delight- 
ful. A miniature of Congreve, from Windsor Castle, 
is reproduced, as are many satisfactory likenesses 
of Po]ie. Swift is from a design by Jervas, Addison 
from Michael Dahl, Thomson by Patour, Richard- 
son by Highmore, Sheridan by Gainsborough, 
Fielding by Hogarth, Goldsmith and Sterne by 
Sir Joshua Reynolds, and Johnson by Opie. Not 
the faintest idea is conveyed by our comments 
of the wealth of illustration contained in these 
volumes, which all who desire an illuminatory 
record of that literature which is our most price- 
less possession must purchase. In the richness 
of illustration lies the differentiating feature 
between this volume and preceding works of its 
class. By this, too, it is rendered an indispensable 
supplement to the ' Dictionary of National Bio- 
graphy' and other recently published works, 
which form a necessary part of the equipment of 
the scholar. In appearance the volumes are all 
that can be desired. 

My Relations ivith Carlyle. By James Anthony 

Froude. (Longmans & Co.) 
This account of Mr. Froude's relations with 
Carlyle was found, after his death, in a dispatch- 
box, together with Carlyle's will, given at the end. 
Mr. Froude states: "I have discharged the duty 
which was laid on me as faithfully as I could. I 
have nothing more to reveal, and, as far as I know, 
I have related exactly everything which bears on 
my relations with Carlyle and his history. This is 
all that I can do, and I have written this that those 
who care for me may have something to rely upon if 
my honour and good faith are assailed after I am 
gone." The book contains a brief account of Froude's 
early life and of his introduction to Carlyle. Shortly 
after Froude left the university, Carlyle was very 
good to him, and helped him when he could, while he 
found Mrs. Carlyle to be "the most brilliant and 
interesting woman that I had ever fallen in with. 

Such sparkling scorn and tenderness combined 

I had never met with together in any human being." 
" She was sarcastic when she spoke of her husband 
— a curious blending of pity, contempt, and other 
feelings." She suffered much from dyspepsia and 
want of sleep, receiving but scant symjiathy from 
Carlyle, who expected her to bear her trouble in 
patience, while he, who had a vigorous constitu- 
tion, without a day of serious illness, "was never 
more eloquent than in speaking of his own 
crosses." She was seldom alone with him, 
although she presided at the small evening 
gatherings, when Carlyle, who "would not 
allow himself to be contradicted, would pour out 
whole Niagaras of scorn and vituperation, some- 
times for hours together." We do not propose to 
exjiress an opinion as to Mr. Froude's defence. The 
])ami)hlet (for it is little more, only eighty pages) 
can ue purchased for two shillings ; but that Car- 
lyle left him absolute discretion is abundantly 



proved both in the will and by the words ( 
Carlyle when he handed over the manuscripts t 
him : " Take these for my sake ; they are yours t 
publish or not publish, as you please, after I at; 
gone. Do what you will. Read them and let mi 
know whether you will take them on these terms. 
"I did read them," writes Mr. Froude, " and the 
for the first time I realized what a tragedy the lif 
in Cheyne Row had been— a tragedy as stern an, 
real as the story of (Edipus." 

Retribution came, and the last years of Can 
lyle's life were one agony of remorse ; grief wa; 
never absent from his mind, and his conversatioi 
always drifted back into a pathetic cry of sorrov 
over things which were now irreparable. It was 
at once piteous and noble ; " a repentance so dee] 
and so passionate showed that the real nature war 
as beautiful as his intellect had been magnificent, 

Barnahy Rudye ; A Child's History of England ' 
Christmas Books. By Charles Dickens. (Chapi 
man & Hall and Frowde.) 
To the pleasing "Fireside Dickens" have beei 
added three further volumes, containing the work 
named above. ' Barnaby Rudge' has seventy-si: 
illustrations by Cattermole and Phiz ; ' A Child': 
History ' four, by various artists ; and the ' Christ 
mas Books' sixty-five, by Landseer, Maclise, Leech 
Tenniel, Stanfield, &c. Though not the mos 
characteristic, the designs to the last-named worl 
are the most attractive. Cheap as is this issue, thi 
volumes, as we can testify, are pleasant to reac 
and to hold. 



We must call special attention to the followiiit] 
notices : — 

On all communications must be written the nami 
and address of the sender, not necessarily for pub 
lication, but as a guarantee of good faith. 

We cannot undertake to answer queries privately 

To secure insertion of communications correi 
spondents must observe the following rules. Lei 
each note, query, or reply be written on a separatt 
slip of paper, with the signature of the writer anc 
such address as he wishes to appear. When answer 
ing queries, or making notes with regard to previouf 
entries in the paper, contributors are requested tc 
put in parentheses, immediately after the exaci 
heading, the series, volume, and page or pages tc 
which they refer. Correspondents who repeati 
queries are requested to head the second com- 
niunication " Duplicate." 

N. C. D. ("Migrations from the blue bed," &c.).' 
— They did not travel from country to country, or 
even from town to town, but their only change was 
at home, from one bed to another. Cf. the ' Voyage 
autour de ma Chambre ' of Xavier de Maistre for a 
similar phrase. 

NOTICE. 

Editorial communications should be addressed 
to "The Editor of 'Notes and Queries ' "—Adver- 
tisements and Business Letters to " The Pub- 
lisher" — at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery 
Lane, E.C. 

We beg leave to state that we decline to return 
communications which, for any reason, we do not 
print ; and to this rule we cau make no exception. 



, 9"> S. XI. June 13, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 

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credit to the Ballantyne Press ; and the covering and other details of execution render the work a real objet de luxe' 
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modernity.' 

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lation ot the old allegory. Mr. Stuttaford'g version is faithful and beautiful, and, while not equalling the golden prose of 
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elegantly bound in while, it is an attractive volume, which should win new readers for this romantic chapter of th( 
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9"> S. XII. July IS, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



41 



LONDON, SATURDAY, JULY IS, 190S. 



CONTENTS. — No. 290. 

NOTES :— Sir Feniinando Gorges, 41— Bridfje Chantry in 
We8t Riding, 43 -First Flesh-eater, 45— "Cabal" — 'Bis- 
clavret ' — Lieut-Col. Simcoe— Breaking Glass at Jewish 
Weddings, 46— Cures tor Epilepsy and Thrush, 47. 

QUEKIK3:— The Hapsburgs as Emperors of Germany — 
Venison Feast, 47 — Lucretius — Carnegie Libraries — 
Columbarium in Church Tower — Lambeth — Brighton 
Manor Court UoU — Vatton : Peyton— Holbein Portraits 

Skeleton in Alum Rock— Christian Names and Natio- 

i\ality, 48 — Flats — The Albany — "But, sh<iulil fortune 
till your sail "— Anatomie Vivante — St. Dials — Kentish 
Qiime — " Ingeminate" — Lord John Russell and the 
Alabama, 4y. 

REPLIES :— Birch-sap Wine— Gillygate at York— " Folks," 
oU— Riming Epitapn— Fasting bpittle — Origin of Turn- 
bulls— Cornish Rimes— Skulls, f>l— Pope self-condemned 
for Heresy— Byroniana— River not flowing on Sabbath. 52 

Atkyns-' Tne Three Ravens '—Johnson, 53— Quotation 

—Duels of Clergymen— "Tyre"— Bacon on Hercules, 54— 
"Tongue-twisters" — Nigbtcupa — Muhamnied, 55 — Mil- 
ton's ' Nativity' — Orange Blossoma- " Vicereine"— Wykes 
Pedigree — Klopstoek's ' Stabat Mater,' 56 — "To mug" 
— The Pope and St. Bartholomew's — "Uther" and 
" Arthur"— Mayors' Precedence, 57 — Fees for Register- 
searching— General Richard Hope— " Hagioscope," 58 — 
Mottoes, 59. 

NOTES ON BOOKS :— Wright's 'Milton '—Lucas's 'Lamb, 
Vol. V. — Crawford's ' Authorship of Arden of Feversham 
— Frowde's ' Dickens '— ' Reliquary and Illustrated Archseo 
logist.' 

Notices to Correspondents. 



SIR FERDINANDO GORGES, LORD 

PALATINE OF MAINE. 

(See ante, p. 21.) 

It is advisable at this point to make some 
mention of Sir Ferdinando's son and grand- 
son, to show their connexion with the Province 
of Maine. I also give some notes taken from 
the public records. 

Sir Ferdinando'.s eldest surviving son John 

(afterwards Col.) Gorges was born on 23 April, 

1593. He was a member of Parliament 

for county Somerset in 1650, and for Taunton 

in 1654. He died on 6 April, 1656, and was 

buried at St. Margaret's, Westminster (his 

will proved 1 June, 1657). He married first, 

at St. James's, Clerkenwell, on 31 July, 1628, 

the Lady Fynes, daughter of the Earl of 

Lincoln, and .secondly Mary, daughter of Sir 

John Meade, of Wendon Loftus, co. Essex, 

who died a year after her husband, and was 

also buried at St. Margaret's, Westminster, 

on 15 September, 1657. Unlike his father. 

Col. John Gorges served undei' Cromwell 

during the Civil War. He had five children 

by his second wife, but the only one that will 

concern us is the eldest, named Ferdinando, 

after his grandfather. This Ferdinando 



Gorges was born at Wendon Loftus, co. Essex, 
on 19 August, 1630 [?], and died at Ashley, 
CO. Wilts, on 25 January, 1718, aged eighty- 
nine years. He married as his second wife 
Mary, eldest daughter of Thomas Archdale, 
of Loats, near Chipping Wycombe, co. Bucks, 
Esq., at St. Bride's Church, London, on 
22 May, 1660. There is a monument in 
Ashley Church, co. Wilts, with the following 
inscription : — 

"Near this place lieth the body of Ferdinando 
Gorges late of Westminster Ea(iuire sometime 
(jovernor of the Province of Maine in New Eng- 
land. He was born at Loftus in p]ssex, grandson 
and heir to Sir Ferdinando Gorges of Ashton Phil- 
lips in the County of Somerset, Knight. He mar- 
ried Mary the eldest daughter of Thomas Archdale 
of Loats in Chipping \Vycomb in the C" Bucks 
Esquire. They were eminent examples of virtue 
and entirely happy in their mutual atlections and 
had many children of whom only two survived 
their indulgent and tender parents. He was 
charitable and patient courteous and beneficent, 
zealous and constant to the Church and a great 
admirer of learning. He is interred in the same 
grave in which Sir Theobald (ior^es was buried 
Anno Dom 1647 2"'' son of the Marchioness of 
Northampton and uncle to the Right Honourable 
Richard Lord Gorges. Obiit Anno Dom 1718 at 89. 
Virtus post funera vivit." 

Evelyn, in his ' Diary,' under date of 4 July, 
1671, quotes :— 

" To Council, where we drew up and agreed to a 
letter to be sent to New England, and made some 
proposals to Mr. Ferdinando Gorges for his interest 
in a plantation there." 

In the State Papers under date of Decem- 
ber, 1677, is the following :— 

" Case of Ferdinando Gorges presented to the 
Lords of Trades and Plantations. Recapitulates 
the grant of Maine to his grandfather Sir Ferdinando 
Gorges, the sum spent in jilanting the Colony, the 
loss of the Province owing to the troubles in Eng- 
land, the restitution of the Province according to 
the King's Order of 11 June, 1664. Seizure of the 
Province by the Boston Government after three 
years' quiet possession, contrary to the King's Man- 
damus of 10 April, 1666. The disobedience of 
several of the Bostoners in refusing to come over at 
the Kings bidding. Prays that the Province may 
be restored to him, that the persons who had dis- 
obeyed the King's commands be sent over, and that 
satisfaction be given to those who have sufTered 
only for acting according to the King's orders. Sir 
Ferdinando Gorges was constituted Governor- 
General over New England, but tlie rebellion stopped 
his going over, he serving the King in his wars in 
England." 

Again, under date of October, 1680, occurs 
the following entry : — 

"Petition of the General Assembly of Maine 

to the King The Massachusetts Government, 

Ijeing owners by late purchase from the heirs of Sir 
Ferdinando Gorges, His Majesty's Lieutenant and 
their Chief Proprietor, and having notified the oath 
of allegiance to them and having letters, and 



42 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9'" s. xii. July is, 1903. 



having settled a Government according to Gorges' 
Charter, pray "' 

This is all that need be recorded here con- 
cerning the descendants of Sir Ferdinando 
Gorges and what they did in regard of this 
vast property. 

I must now refer back to the period of 
twenty-five years between September, 1603, 
and June, 1629, whilst he is still governing at 
Plymouth, and constantlj^ in communication 
with the Government. I give a few excerpts. 
In 1611 he informs the Earl of Salisbury that 
English pirates are congregated off the Scilly 
Isles, that several London merchants have 
been captured by them, and that, in con- 
sequence of measures he has taken to 
disperse them, the pirates have sought 
refuge in Ireland, and talk of joining the 
Duke of Florence. Again in 1617 he writes 
to Lord Salisbury, informing him that the 
merchants of Plymouth think a small fleet 
will not be of much use as a convoy against 
the pirates of Algiers and Tunis, that their 
trade is much injured, and that the only 
means of suppressing the pirates is to make 
war by sea and land against the Turks. He 
writes in 1621 to Secretary Calvert, inform- 
ing him of a French plot to land troops in 
Ireland, and advises that all the coast towns 
be put in state of defence, which is done. 
In 1624 he communicates with the Earl of 
Buckingham about the warlike preparations 
of the King of Spain, and acquaints him 
that dangerous factions have arisen in Ireland 
and parts of England — " will not presume 
to offer advice, though sometimes thought 
worthy to be consulted by the queen," but 
suggests the importance of providing in peace 
for war, points out the ruinous condition 
of the forts and castles, which are utterly 
defenceless, and grieves that he should have 
lived to see the present state of Plymouth, &c. 

In 1625 he is aboard his ship the Great 
Neptune off Beachy Head, and conveys the 
French ambassador to France; and on 16 May, 
1626, he writes to Secretary Conway that 
" there are 80 great ships between the Lizard 
and Looe, verily thought to be Spaniards," 
and that he "had ordered all the troops on 
the coast to be ready on the first sound of 
the drum," and had "given like directions 
to the fleet in the harbour." On the 24th of 
the same month he again writes : — 

"The cai)tains assigned to keep the coast after 
the dei)arture of the fleet have complained of their 
great want of men ; lie had furnished them with 
70 or 80 musketeers, which he desired to have con- 
firmed by the Council." 

The mutinous clamours of the soldiers and the 
murmurings of the country people had been 



set forth by letters of the Commissioners to 
the Council. On 27 July, 1627, Sir Ferdinando 
writes to Secretary Coke, reporting on the 
military condition of Devon: "If the 
king will aid them with 12 or 14 demi- 
culverins for the defences along the coasts, 
the county will supply the rest." He mentions 
the state of the trained bands, and says, 
" It is four j^ears since the Commissioners 
reported the state of the Fort and the Island " 
(in Sir Ferdinando's charge), " but nothing has 
been done, and all things are further decayed. 
There is neither port nor drawbridge but 
must be new made, as no doubt the king 
will I'ecollect." The guards ought to be 
strengthened, as " the French will hourly be 
practising how they maj'^ be quittance of us. 
They make great preparations for defence of 
their own coasts." Desires leave to attend 
the Lords to " give account of the particulars 
referred to, and to urge on suggested designs 
on the West Indies, deemed necessary to 
advance our decayed honour." On 23 August 
he again writes : — 

"There are on the coast six sail of great ships of 
the French king, and two Biscayners lie off and on, 
between JScilly and the coast of France, taking and 
sinking all our nation that comes athwart them. 
Within 12 days they have taken 8 of our colliers, 
sinking 5, and carrying away the rest. Trade will 
be impossible, to the destruction of the country, 
and dishonour of the king's state and Government." 

He writes many more letters — 
"states that the garrison of Plymouth have been 
unpaid for 3A years, that the soldiers are dying of 
fanane in consequence, that there is terrible sick- 
ness amongst the crews of the fleet, that the Fort is 
a ruin and unguardable, that the soldiers say they 
are used like dogs, that they have no means to put 
clothes on their backs, much less relieve their wives 
and children.'" 

Sir Ferdinando, finding all his applications 
for monetary aid, munitions of war, and other 
matters ignored, threw up his appointment 
in disgust on 30 June, 1629, being suc- 
ceeded bj'^ Sir James Bagg as Captain of Ply- 
mouth Fort. Sir Ferdinando, however, took 
command of a troop of horse in Devonshire, 
but shortly after severed his long connexion 
with the county in which he had done so 
much, and been assisted so little, and retired 
to Long Ashton, Bristol, where he carried on 
his colonization scheme for America. 

When in 1641 the Civil War came to a 
climax Sir Ferdinando Gorges, now well 
advanced in years, adhered to the king, and 
concerted measures for the defence of the 
city of Bristol, in consequence of which he 
was denounced by the Parliament as a delin- 
quent. Early in 1645, before the final battle 
of Naseby had taken place, Sir Ferdinando, 
who was then residing in Bristol at "the 



g*"^ s. XII. JcLY 18, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



43 



Great House" (St. Augustin's Back), enter- 
tained King Charles I. and Queen Henrietta 
Maria during their stay in that city. 

In concluding this short sketch of a re- 
markable man, who spent the whole of his 
long life in the service of his country, through 
three reign's, and whose work would fill a 
volume, it may be well to append a copy 
of his short will, taken from the Probate 
Court of Wells, 1647, and entitled ' The Will 
of Sir Ferdinando Gorges, Founder of the 
State of Maine ': — 

" In the name of God Amen :— The Ffoiirth day 
of May in the yeare of our Lord God one thousand 
six hundred fortie and seven. I 8ir Ferdinando 
Gorges of Long Ashton in the Countie of Somerset 
Knight being sick of body but of good memory 
thankes be given to God revoking all former wills 
and testaments do make this my last will and testa- 
ment in manner and form following. First I be- 
queath my soule into the hands of Almighty God 
my maker and redeemer hoping assuredly through 
the death and passion of my Saviour Jesus Christ 
to have remission of my sinnes and to be made par- 
taker of life everlasting. And my body I commit 
to the earth from which it came. Item I give unto 
the pooro the somme of Twentie pounds to be dis- 
tributed att such time and in such manner as my 
exrs herein named shall thinke fiit. The rest of all 
my goods and chatties, debts and duties owing to 
me whatsoever I do freely give and bequeath unto 
my dearly beloved wife Dame Elizabeth Gorges 
whom I do hereby make my sole exc of this my last 
will and testament and I do desire my loving friends 
John Bucklandof West Harptry and Samuel Gorges 
of Wraxall in the Countie of Somerset Esquire to 
be overseers of this my last will and testament and 
to be assisting to my said exr as she shall have 
occasion. In witness whereof to this my last will 
and testament I have hereunto sett my hand and 
seal even this fourth day of May Anno Dom 1G47. 

" Memorandum that the fourth word in the first 
line was interlined before the signing and sealing 
hereof and was afterwards signed sealed and pub- 
lished in the presence of S. Gorges, Jo Buckland, 
Edward Bell, William Satchfield.— F. Gorges.^' 

ThoPvNe Geor(;e. 

[Reference should also be made to the life of Sir 
Ferdinando contributed to the ' U.N.B.' by Prof. 
Laughton and the authorities cited. We regret 
that the name of Capt. Thokne Georoe was unfor- 
tunately misprinted last week as "Thorne Drury."] 



BRIDGE CHANTRY IN THE WEST RIDING. 
One February morning, quiet and leaden 
coloured, some months ago, I stood on a 
sandy strip of ground beside the bridge 
over the river Calder at Wakefield. Here, 
more than four hundred years ago, the last 
picture of life stamped itself vividly in a 
boy's dying eyes ; for it was here that, 
according to tradition, the young Duke of 
Rutland met his death after the famous 
battle of 1460. A stone's throw across the 
river stands the unique chantry on the 



bridge, the finest of its kind in all England ; 
indeed, there is now but one other extant, 
according to Dr. Walker, F.S.A. Under the 
bridge, with its nine arches, the river ran 
yellow and turgid. Behind the millstream 
frowned the tall white Soke mills, standing 
as majestically to-day as wlien, many a year 
ago, they were placed here to witness to the 
quaint old feudal law of " multure," which 
obliged the citizens of Wakefield and five 
adjoining townsliips to send all their corn to 
them to be ground. This multure gave the 
miller in payment one-sixteenth of the corn 
and one-thirty-second part of all the malt 
ground, in return for which the owner was 
compelled to have the corn ground within 
twenty - four hours, however much might 
be brought to him. In 1853 these rights 
were bought up by the inhabitants of Wake- 
field. 

At the time of the Conquest there was 
a church at Wakefield ; the city was in the 
hands of the Crown, and was " part of 
the royal demesnes of Edward the Con- 
fessor."* In Domesday Book the name 
occurs as " Wachefeld." Dr. Walker derives 
it from " wacu," vigil, A.-S., and "feld," 
a clearing of the forest, also A.-S. He 
adds that the "wake"+ was one of the 
most ancient festivals, dating from before 
the advent of Christianity. 

Wakefield has long been noted for its 
sports. So early as 1204 the Earls of Warren 
obtained grants for fairs to be held in the 
place, as their own revenue was much 
increased thereby. In 1.379 Wakefield was 
more than double the size of Leeds, owing to 
its being then a great centre of the woollen 
manufacture. It will be remembered that 
in 1340 Edward III. invited over many of 
the Flemish weavers to settle here, a plan 
followed much later by Henry VIII. Now, 
however, the city is in the same position as 
Rye and Winchelsea, for the commercial tide 
has left it stranded high and dry, a quiet, old- 
world city, which, as regards the manufactur- 
ing activities which distinguished it above its 
fellows so greatly in the Middle Ages, has 
been left behind as the sea of trade has 
retreated from it. Leland has much to say 
about Wakefield : — 

" Wakefield upon Calder ys a very quik market 
towne and meatily large : well served of flesch and 
fische both from the se, and by rivers whereof 
divers be thereabouts at hande, so that al vitaile 
is very good chepe there. A right honest man shal 
fare wel for 2 pens a meale." 

(Which, indeed, cannot be managed to-day, 

* ' History of York,' by Thomas Allen, 
t A " wake " corresponds to our " fair." 



44 



NOTKS AND QUERIES, [o- s. xii. julv is, im 



even if one makes allowance for what 
" 2 pens " formerly stood for.) 
" In this towne is but one chefe church. Tliere is 
a chapel beside where was wont to be ' anaclioretu 
in media urbe unde et aliquando inventa fcwcunda.' 
There is also a chapel of Our Lady on Calder 
bridge wont to be celebrated a peregrinis." 

Leland says of Wakefield that "it standith 
now al by clothyng"; and again, "Al the 
hole profite of the toune stondith by course 
drapery." Of the famous battle he writes: — 

"There was a sore batell faught in the south 
feeldes by this bridge ; & y" the tlite of the Duke 
of Yorkes parte, other the duke hyinself or his sun 
therle of Rutheland was slayne a little above the 
barros, beyond the bridge going up into the toune 
of Wakefield that standeth full fairely upon a 
clyving ground." 

Dr. Walker says that in digging the founda- 
tions of Portobello House, between Sandal and 
Wakefield, bones, spurs, broken swords, &c., 
were found, which led to the conclusion that 
it must have been the scene of the battle 
of the Roses. 

It has been erroneously thought by some 
that the chantry on the bridge dates from 
Edward IV.'s reign, and that it was built 
then in commemoration of those who fell in 
the battle of Wakefield ; but Thomas Allen, 
among other authorities, gives the lie to 
this by proving that it was the splendid 
generosity of the townsmen in Edward III.'s 
reign that caused its erection ; and Leland, 
who used to go to the chantry while celebra- 
tions still were held there, says it was built 
" of the fundation of the townesmen, as sum 
say, but the Dukes of York were taken as 
founders for obteyning the mortemayn." 

There was, according to old records, always 
a ford over the river, but the date of the 
earliest wooden bridge is not known. In 
1342, when the bridge was " rent and broken," 
the bailifi:s undertook the rebuilding of it : — 

"Feb. IS, 1342. P^dward III. granted to the 
bailiffs of the town of Wakefield tollage for three 
years on all goods for sale, and animals passing over 
the bridge, ' as a help towards the repairs and im- 
provements of the said bridge, which is now rent 

and broken.' Three years later the bailiffs 

compounded with the king for 40 so/idi, so as to 
have the right of toll over the bridge.'' — Dr. Walker. 

It was about then that the townsfolk came 
forward so liberally to erect the chantry. 
Leland says : — 

"I especially notid in Wakefeld the faire 

bridge of stone, of nine arches, under which rennilli 
the ryvcr of Calder. Aiul on the est side of this 
bridge is a right goodly chapel of our Lady & two 
canluario prostes foundid in it of the fundation of 
tlie townesmen, as sum say." 

It appears from old accounts that the two 
" cantuarie prestes " lived in a little house on 



the Wakefield side of the river, near the 
chantry, which was pulled down in 1840. 

From late in the fourteenth century there 
is mention of donations and estates being left 
to the chantry that masses should be said for 
the repose of the testator's soul and for others 
named. Dr. Walker gives a quotation from 
an old record which shows that by " decree 
of Archbishop John Kempe, on Nov. 20, 1444, 
the chapel was wholly built of costly stone- 
work by inhabitants and community of 
Wakefield." But he adds that it is probable 
that the completion of the chapel may have 
been delayed on account of the devastations 
of the Black Death, which in 1349 carried off 
about one-half of the inhabitants. 

Allen mentions a "bridge with eight 
arches " as having been built in Edward III.'s 
reign, and says that the " chapel was ten 
yards in length, and eight in breadth, and 
that the east window was filled with beautiful 
tracery." He adds : — 

"The west front exceeds it in riclinesa of orna- 
ment. It has crocketed pediments and pointed 
arches, having spandrils enriched with crockets. 
The chapel was built by Edward IV. in memory 
of his father Richard, Duke of York, and those of 
his party who fell at Wakefield." 

It appears, however, that a " chantry chapel 
was built on this bridge as early as the reign 
of Edward III., and dedicated to St. Mary." 
Sir Robert KnoUes was chiefly instrumental 
in this, according to one of the authorities 
before mentioned. In the fifteenth century 
the sanctuary was raised one step above the 
level of the floor. Beneath the window was 
a stone altar marked with five crosses. 

"At each side of the chantry were three square- 
headed windows, with labels suspended from the 
cornice above, reaching half way down the window, 
terminating in carved heads. These windows 

were of three lights with beautiful tracery. 

At the east end was at a higher level a 

small two-light 'high-side' window. —Dr. Walker. 

Chambers says that these chantries almost 
invariably have the founder's tomb placed in 
the midst, before the altar. He gives as the 
derivation of the word "chantry" the French 
"chanterie," from "chanter," to sing; for 
these chantries were built in order that in 
them masses might daily be chanted for the 
testator's soul and for those others named 
in his will — the bequest, of course, in part 
going towards the maintenance of the 
chantry priests. Besides this object, how- 
ever, there were others, such as, in time of 
plague, the using of the building for the 
sick and " those attending to them," that 
they might go there and not infect the 
parish church. 

To this chantry came the merchant on the 



9'HS.XIL July 18, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIED. 



4.^ 



point of starting on a long and, it might be, 
perilous journey ; and before the day began 
there would be the quiet stepping aside to 
enter the chantry. Sometimes, too, his goods 
would be brought inside the chapel for a 
blessing on them as well as on himself. 
Then would follow the prayer for a safe, 
prosperous journey and return ; then the 
rising from his knees to pay for the burning 
of the light before the representation of the 
saint whom he held in most reverence, which 
was to be kept alight until his return to his 
home and city. There are fewer, far fewer, 
Hezekiahs to-day than was the case in 
mediaeval days. 

I remember being impressed on entering 
a foreign church some years ago to see the 
reverence with which many a poor woman 
would come quietly in at a side door, lift off 
her heavy pack of fruit and vegetables from 
her back, and drop on her knees for a short 
prayer. When presently she rose to go out 
there could be no doubt that she had left 
something behind her on that step which 
would not follow her out and worry her again. 

Surely the light ever burning in the 
"high-side" window of these chantries — the 
gleam across the dark waters of the river 
beneath — was of peculiar significance, of 
very real suggestiveness to the homecoming 
traveller. Do we not all look for lights in 
one way or another? it may be in the eyes 
of some friend, or it may be from some 
idea that acts as our light across the water 
in the business of life. Some, indeed, keep 
the lamp of remembrance always burning 
in their hearts before the shrine of some 
departed friendship. To-day in the chantry 
on the bridge there are no " high - side " 
lights any longer ; no one comes to pay for 
them ; to most people, indeed, they would be 
meaningless signs, and their cost would 
seem like pure waste of money. 

But there are occasional services, though 
there are no longer chantry priests to serve 
them ; no longer lights ; no longer daily 
services chanted. The year of desecration, 
of spoliation, of robbery -can one truthfully 
call it " the year of grace " 1545 ? — effectually 
stopped all that ; for that year gave to the 
king every chantry in the land, and this 
particular chantry was valued at no more 
than 14/. 15.s. 2d. 

Things never go by halves in these matters, 
and .so, apparently, the authorities " that 
were " in charge of affairs were careless about 
the bridge also. We read on 3 April, 1G38, 
the local magistrates were told of the 

"great ruyne and decay of the .stone bridge at 
Wakefield standing over the river Cal.der, and the 



cha])pell adjoyneing unto the said bridge, which is 
a great staye and helpe to the same." 

The repairs took 80/., and it is ordered that 
" the said chappell be hereafter kept decentlye 
and that noe persons whatsoever be suffred 
to inhabite therein." Nevertheless, not much 
less than sixty years later the same " in- 
habiting" began again. The chantry was 
let for twenty-one year.s, in 1696, " to a man 
called Bever." Later on it was used as a 
cheesecake shop, as a corn factory, as a ware- 
house, as an old-clothes shop, &c. ; and finally, 
when at last it came into the minds of men 
to devote again to spiritual uses a building 
originally erected for such purposes, it was 
restored by Sir Gilbert Scott in 1842. 

I. GiBERNE SlEVEKING. 



Persian Legend of the First Flesh- 
eater. — There is a famous passage in 
Plutarch where, in reply to one who asked 
why Pythagoras abstained from flesh meat, 
he expresses his wonder as to what manner 
of man he was who first ate of the slaughtered 
bodies of animals as part of his daily food. 
Others have had the same feeling of curiosity, 
for the late learned Michele Amari has given 
a curious legend current amongst the 
Persians as to the man who first indulged in 
animal food* : — 

" The offspring of an Arab prince and of a maiden 
of the blood royal of Persia, Dahhak was enter- 
prising, valiant, and of so fierce a nature that, in 
the words of the Eastern writers, the simoon of his 
fury would have transformed mountains into litjuid 
fire, and liailstones into live coals. Humanity is 
indebted to him for the invention of flagellation, 
torture, and the scaffold. He comiuered the world, 
and atfficted it a thousand years. Satan, who was 
his familiar spirit, persuaded him to commit two 
excesses, which are spoken of as differing little in 
atrocity — namely, to eat animal food, and to put 
his own father to death. The devil then obtained 
Uahhak's iiermission to kiss his shoulders ; and 
behold, a hissing serpent, or a cancer, appeared 
upon each, which could only be appeased by the 
brains of human beings, to obtain which two 
prisoners were daily put to death, until at length 
the supply was exhausted, the measure of his guilt 
was filled wy, and he was forewarned in a dream of 
the imiiending revolution. The astrologers pre- 
dicted that it would be led by Prince Feridun, and 
iJahhTdc caused diligent search to be made for him, 
but failed to secure his prey. At this juncture a 
deliverer rose from the lowest ranks of the jieojile. 
(iawah, or KawfUi, a blacksmith of Ispahan, seeing 
his two sons about to be sacrificed to the tyrant, 
closed his forge, stirred up the people, displayed 

* This account of Dahhak is given in a note to 
Amari's translation of the * Solwan' of Mohammed 
ibn Zafer, which will be found in the English 
edition (vol. i. p. 319). IJahhak (sometimes written 
Zohauk) is said to be the Arabic form of Deh-ak, or 
Ten Vices. 



46 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9'" s. xii. July is, im 



liis leathern apron as a standard, slew the governor 
appointed by Dahlifik, seized the ai'senal and the 
treasure, marched through the provinces, every- 
where dispersing the troops sent forth against him, 
and advanced with a powerful army to Rai, the 
same spot where, twenty centuries later, was fought 
the battle which gave the Caliphate to Manuin. 
Before joining the battle, Kawah iiroposed the 
election of a king, and, after himself refusing the 
crown offered to him by the Persian nobles, finally 
placed it upon the head of Feridfin, a descendant 
of the Paishdadian dynasty. The tyrant was 
defeated and taken prisoner, and his skull fractured 
with the blacksmith's club." 

If this is not very trustworthy as history 
it is at least interesting as folk-lore. 

William E. A. Axon. 
Manchester. 

" Cabal." — A distinctly earlier use of the 
word " cabal," as meaning a secret or private 
intrigue of a sinister character, than that 
given in ' H.E.D.,' is to be found in the Coke 
MSS. (Royal Historical Manuscripts Com- 
mission, Twelfth Report, Appendix, part i. 
vol. i. p. 400). In "Mr. Fincham's relation 
read to His ]\Iajesty [Charles I.] 27th January, 
1629[30]," the belief was expressed of certain 
intriguers in France that they would "labour 
tooth and nail to make a cabal both in Eng 
land, Scotland, and Ireland, for their parts, 
as well with the laics as with the priests and 
Jesuits." AlfPvEd F. Robbins. 

'Bisclavret.'— This singular name is well 
known as the title of one of the ' Lays ' of 
Marie de France. We are told in the open- 
ing lines that this is a Breton word, and that 
it means " wer wolf." But I can find nowhere 
any explanation of this form ; and it is quite 
certain that the word, as it stands, means 
nothing of the sort. 

What is wrong is that the I has found its 
way into the wrong syllable. Turn Bisdavret 
into Bliscavret or Blisccuiret, or turn the 
Norse form Bisclaret into Bliscaret, and the 
etymology is no longer quite hopeless. Bliscar- 
et is formed with the French suffix -et (as I 
suppose) from Bliscaro, which is not a very 
great travesty of the Breton bleiz-garo, which 
Legonidec translates by " loup-garou." It is 
easily explained. It is made by substituting 
Bret, bleiz, a wolf, for F. Imq^ in the compound 
loup-garou, and that is all. Bleiz is cognate 
with Welsh hlaidd, a wolf ; and qarou is 
merely the French form of the Middle High 
Gernian ivtrwolf. The sense is partly re- 
duplicated, the literal meaning being " wolf- 
werwolf," as in French. 

Walter W. Skeat. 

LiEUT.-CoL. J. G. SiMcoE.— This English 
officer's 'Military Journal,' second edition, 
New York, 1844, contains some inaccuracies, 



among which is one with respect to his 
capture, in New Jersey, 26 October, 1779, 
during the war of the American Revolution. 
Simcoe says : " The enemy who fired vvere not 
five yards off ; they consisted of thirty men 
commanded by Mariner, a refugee from New 
York, and well known for his enterprises with 
whale-boats." The command of the American 
party was vested in Capt. Moses Guest, of 
the New Jersey militia. A bibliography 
follows : — 

' Poems and Journal ' (Moses Guest), two editions, 
Cincinnati, 1823-4. 

Lee's ' Memoirs of the War,' &c., second edition, 
pp. 192-3. 

'Centennial History of Somerset County, N.J.' 
(A. Messier), Somerville, N.J., 1878, pp. 102-9. 

' Annals of Staten Island ' (J, J. Clute), New 
York, 1877, pp. 102-9. 

' Historical Collections of the State of New Jersey ' 
(Barber and Howe). New York, 1844, 455. 

'History of Hunterdon and Somerset Counties, 
N.J.' (J. P. Snell), Philadelphia, 1881, pp. 75-7. 

' Official Register of the Officers and Men of New 
Jersey in the Revolutionary War,' Trenton, N.J., 
1872, p. .392. 

American Monthhi Magazine, Washington, D.C., 
U.S., December, 1897. 

' Tales of our Forefathers,' Albany, N. Y., 1898. 

"This enterprise [of Simcoe] was considered by 
both armies among the handsomest exploits of the 
war. Simcoe e.vecufed comv)leteiy his object, then 
deemed very important."— Lee's 'Memoirs of the 
War,' etc., second edition, pp. 192-3. 

Eugene F. McFike. 
Chicago, Illinois, U.S. 

Breaking the Glass at Jewish Wed- 
dings.— I have often been asked by Christian 
friends to account for that dramatic finale to 
the marriage service in the synagogue when 
the bridegroom crushes a wineglass under 
foot. Many fanciful statements have been 
made, some of them more ingenious than 
true. My own view of this singular custom 
may be quite as fanciful as the rest ; how- 
ever, it clings to the chains of tradition, 
one of the most hallowed principles (perhaps 
the most sacred) in Judaism, and can claim 
kindred in that respect with the modern 
dtdlouth (Sabbath loaves), the types and 
symbols of the lechem hajioneem of the 
Sanctuary, and with the Sabbath-eve lighting 
of candles, associated likewise with the neer 
tamid (perpetual lamp). On these traditional 
manners of the Hebrews much remains to be 
written. However, in Bible times it was 
usual on making a contract or on striking a 
bargain to kill a beast. The person was then 
said l-orath herith (to cut a covenant). The 
Greeks and Romans were not strangers to 
this rite, as their idioms opKia. Tefj.v€iv and 
f(rdus icere prove. The substantial act was 
one of "striking a blow," which would 



9«- S. XII. July IS, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



47 



impress the mutual obligations of the con- 
tracting parties upon the minds of the spec- 
tators. As a rule the slain animal became 
a sacrifice in whole or part. Outside Pales- 
tine sacrifices were not countenanced ; hence 
the glass out of which the contracting parties 
drink and swear eternal fealty assumes the 
character of a "sacrifice" by being "struck," 
thereby perpetuating an old Palestinian cus- 
tom. M. L. R. Breslar. 

Cures for Epilepsy and Thrush.— In the 
Southern Daily Mail of 22 January we read 
that 

"on a recent Sunday a farm labourer stood in 
the porch of the parish church of a village on the 
banks of the Taniar and collected half-acrowu in 
coppers from different members of the congregation, 
the thirtieth donor giving the half-crown and taking 
the twenty-nine pence as a climax to the weird 
ceremony. From the consecrated coin thus quaintly 
acquired the labourer has manufactured a silver 
ring, which he will wear as an infallible remedy for 
epilepsy." 

And in the Devon Evening Express for 
27 January : — 

"A few days ago (says a Daily Mail correspond- 
ent) an instance of Devonshire superstition was 
published. Another case of strange local^ belief 
comes to light. A cure for ' thrush,' a child's com- 
plaint, is supposed to be effected by reading the 
eighth Psalm fasting to the patient, and a case of 
'cure' is reported within the last few days. In 
some localities the Psalm is read over the child's 
head three times, three days in the week, for three 
consecutive weeks. Another cure for ' thrush ' in 
North Devon is to catch a duckling, ]ilace its mouth 
Avide open within that of the affected child, and as 
the sufferer inhales the duck's breath the complaint 
will disappear." 

Of the true "inwardness" of the first and 
third cures here mentioned, for epilepsy and 
thrush respectively, I can give no explana- 
tion, unless the former has a connexion with 
the sum for which our Saviour, the universal 
healer, was sold. 

For thirty pence our Saviour was sold 
To the false Jews, as I have been told, 

says the pretended Abbot of Canterbury to 
King John in the ballad. 

With regard to the second, I presume the 
second verse of the beautiful Psalm used, 
and perhaps the sixth verse, are the effective 
cures (in addition to the magic number three 
which governs its use) : " Out of the mouth 
of babes and sucklings hast Thou ordained 
strength," and "Thou makest him [i.e , man] 
to have dominion of the works of Thy hand," 
&c. Perhaps some of your readers can cast 
light on the hidden meanings or original 
superstitions involved. 

W. Sykes, M.D., F.S.A. 

Exeter. 



We must request correspondents desiring infor- 
mation on family matters of only private interest 
to affix their names and addresses to their queries, 
in order that the answers may be addressed to them 
direct. 

The Hapsburgs as Emperors of Germany. 
— I have in my possession certified copies of 
three diplomas or letters patent bearing the 
sign manual of the Emperor Leopold I., 
King of Hungary, &c., creating members of 
my family nobles of the Holy Pioman Empire 
and of the kingdom of Hungary. I tran- 
scribe the style of the Emperor used in these 
documents : — 

" Leopoldus divina favonto dementia electus 
Romanorum Imperator semper Augustus, ac Ger- 
manise, Hungariie, Bohemia, Dalmatire, Croati;e, 
Sclavonia?, Rama', Service, Galliti*. Ladomerio', 
I'asciu', Gumanioi [in one Linnaiiia'], Bulgariie que 
Rex, et Archidux Austria, Dux Burgundies, Bra- 
bantiai, Styrije, Carinthiic, Carnioliaj, Marchio 
MoraviiB, Dux Luxemburgiaj ac superioris et in- 
ferioris Silesijc, Wurthembergiro et Thehi', Princeps 
Sueviffi. Comes Habspurgi, Tirolis, Ferreti, Ki/banji, 
et Goriti(e, Landtgravius Alsatia?, Marchio Sacri 
Romani Imperii auiiva, Aiia^suni, Biirfforiie, ac utri- 
usque Lusatife, Dominua Marchite Sclavonicse, 
Poiiui Xaoui.s et Saliiiarum, etc., etc." 

Some one learned in deciphering the 
phraseology of such documents and with 
greater historical and geographical know- 
ledge than I possess may perhaps be willing 
to explain in what part of the world the 
places printed above in italics are situated 
and by what nomenclature they are at pre- 
sent known, and such a one may be also 
perhaps able to complete the style of the 
Emperor by expanding the "etceteras" which 
stand at the end of the above recital. The 
complete style of the old Emperors of Ger- 
many ought to find a place in these columns. 

These letters patent are countersigned by 
individuals described therein as follows : — 

" Reverendissimis ac venerabilibus in Christo 
patribus dominis prajnominato Leopoldo dictae 
Sanctte Romanfe Ecclesiffi tituli Sancti Hieronymi 
lUyricorum presbytero Cardiuale a Kollonich jam 
fatie metropolitante Strigoniensis et fratre Paulo 
Szechey Colocensis et Bacientis Ecclesiarum 
canonice unitarum Archiepiscopis." 

The said cardinal is described in another 
part of the documents as 

" Archiepiscopi Strigoniensis locifjue ac comitatus 
ejusdem supremi ac perpetui comitis, Primatis 
Hungarite, Legati Nati, summi et secretarii can- 
cellarii necnon consiliarii nostri intimi." 

Can any one tell who these prelates were 1 

F. DE H. L. 

Venison Feast. — I have for some time 
been endeavouring to obtain information 



48 



NOTES AND QUERIES, [o*" s. xn. july is, im 



respecting a feast which is held in this 
neighbourhood. It takes place annually, 
and is known by the name of "Venison 
Feast." 1 find similar feasts are held in 
various other parts of England, but, so far, 
I have received details concerning one only, 
that held at Farnham, in Surrey. Another, 
I believe, is held somewhere near Man- 
chester, though I cannot get any precise idea 
of the place. Can you through ' N. &, Q.' 
assist me in my search 1 The points I want 
to get at are : 1. The names of the different 
places throughout the country where this 
feast is held. 2. How long each has been 
in existence. 3. What was the origin of the 
feast : does it commemorate any special 
event ; and if so, what 1 

C. H. Phillips, M.D. 
Hanley, Staffordshire. 

Lucretius. — To what did Lucretius allude 
in this passage (v. 1135) ? — 

Ergo, regibus occisis, subversa jacebat 
Pristina majestas soliorum, et sceptra superba; 
Et capitis suninii pra^clarum insigne cruentuni 
iSvib pedibus volgi magnum lugebat honorem : 
Nam cupide conculcatur nimis ante metutum. 
Res itaque ad summam fecem, turbasqixe, residit. 

When and where in antiquity was kingly 
power subverted and usurped by the rabble? 
I have not been able to find any annotations 
on the passage. G. T. Sherborn. 

Twickenham. 

Mr. Carnegie's Free Libraries.— Can any 
list be procured of the places in which the 
liberality of Mr. Carnegie has established 
Free Libraries ? Bishop Courtenay. 

99, Hereford Road, Bay.swater, W. 

Columbarium in Church Tower.— A short 
time ago, on examining the bells in the church 
tower of Sarnesfield, co. Hereford, I dis- 
covered that the upper part of the tower had 
been constructed as a columbarium. There 
are six tiers of nesting-holes and a few above 
in the angles, built in the thickness of the 
walls, about 105 in all. Each tier has an 
alighting ledge. Can any of your readers 
tell me of a similar case 1 The tower is all 
of one period, and dates from about 1250. 
Would this columbai'ium have belonged to 
the lord of tlie manor 1 

George Marshall. 
The Batcli, Weobley, R.H.O. 

"Lambeth."— In Ministers' Accounts (He- 
cord Office, 829, 1), 2 Ric. IL, under Brade- 
nassh (qy. Bradninch), Devon, is the entry : 
"Etde redd' j burg' qui fuit lambeth accident 
d'no p' defectu' lie'd'." What is the significa- 
tion of the term "lambeth" liere (repeated 



in another account), and might it throw any 
light on the place-name in Surrey ? In Char- 
ter Ptolls (printed), p. 22, a.d. 1201, I find a^ 
grant to H. Cant' Arch', with assent of G. i 
Roff. Ep'i, of the manor of Lamhei, formerly 
granted to the church of St. Andrew, Kofi".,, 
&c. Darent, Helles, and Clive are mentioned. 

Ethel Lega-Weekes. 

Brighton Manor Court Eoll.— I wish to < 
see the manor court roll relating to a property 
on the Knab at Brighton belonging to my 
family. Can any of your readers tell me; 
where it can be inspected 1 The property : 
consists of several small houses and shops 
situated at Nos. 44, 45, 46, and 50, Market 
Street, 4.3, Meeting-House Lane, and 5 and 6, 
Brighton Place. H. Crawford. 

94, Redcliife Gardens, S.W. 

Patton : Peyton.— Can any of your readers 
kindly tell me whether the Sir Robert Patton, 
of the City of London, Knt., whose daughter 
Mary married, in 1688, John Philipson, of 
Calgarth, is likely to be the same person as 
the Sir Robert Payton mentioned in both 
Le Neve and Metcalfe's ' Lists of Knights,' 
neither of which contains any notice of the 
name of Patton ? 

Whom did Sir Robert marry 1 Is he, by 
any chance, identical with the Robert Peyton 
who married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir 
Richard Anderson, of Pendley, Herts ? 

(Miss) Patricia Curwen. 

8, Bickerton Road, Highgate, N. 

Holbein Portraits. — Can one of your 
correspondents give information concerning 
portrait painting on wood, or tell me if in 
any book I can find an account of the por- 
traits painted on wood by Hans Holbein the 
elder about the year 1494? 

Always Faithful. 

Human Skeleton in Alum Rock. — It is 
written in Lionel Charlton's * History of 
Whitby,' p. .355:— 

" About the year 1743 the Rev. Mr. Berwick and 
others found in our alluni-rock the complete skele- 
ton or jieti ified bones of a man, which they dug up : 
But though they used the utmost caution, it was 
broken into many pieces, and greatly mutilated, 
before it could be taken out. However, in the 
condition it then was they sent it to one of our 
universities as a great curiosity." 

I would ask. To which of them 1 and I should 
like to know what men of science thought of 
the find. St. Swithin. 

Christian Names as Evidence of Race. 
— Is there any publication dealing with 
Christian names in England in the Norman 
and early Plantagenet periods and the evi- 



D'^-S. XII. July 18, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



49 



dence they afford as to the nationality of 
their bearers 1 In particular, I wish to know 
what is the probable inference to be drawn 
as to the English or foreign origin of two 
persons— apparently related, but of whom 
nothing else is known— occurring about 1200, 
and bearing the names Clement and Ivo. 

L. 

Flats. — Where are the earliest blocks of 
flats in London ? S. P. 

The Albany. — Is any plan published of 
these chambers ? S. P. 

"But should fortune fill your sail."— 
Can any reader give the lines which precede 
the following 1 — 

But, should fortune fill your sail 
With more than a propitious gale. 
Take half your canvas in. 

A. T. B.-C. 

Anatomie Vivante.— Macaulay.in his first 
essay on Pitt, says : — 

"It would be no very flattering compliment to a 
man's figure to say that he was taller than the 
Polish Count and shorter than Giant O'Brien, 
fatter than the Anatomie Virante, and more slender 
than Daniel Lambert." 

Who was the Anatomie Vivante 1 

David Salmon. 
Swansea. 

St. Dials. — This is a small, long since dis- 
used and disaiantled church in the parish of 
Llantarnam, Mon. It is cruciform in plan, 
standing within its more or less circular 
enclosure of about an acre, but now entirely 
ruinous and partly incorporated with the ad- 
joining farm buildings. Who was St. Dials'? 
Is he singular or plural? Not Celtic, surely, 
for I cannot find him, or any one like him, 
amongst the names in ' Lib. Laffs.' or ' Lives 
of Saints': nor Latin, as far as known to 
me. Will some kind reader of 'N. & Q.' 
please answer this query for me? I thought 
at one time the name might have been cor- 
rupted from Derval, to whom a small church 
called Capel Llanderfal is dedicated (now 
ruinous and disused), about a mile and a half 
away ; but there would scarcely have been 
two churches of the same dedication so near 
together. 

Within the dioceses of Llandaff and St. 
David's there are many such disused, ruinous 
churches known to me, where only the name 
survives to indicate former usage. Most of 
them are in extremely remote positions, 
where by no possibility could there ever have 
been a resident population large enough to 
fill them. They are invariably dedicated to 
an early Celtic, sometimes Irish, saint — 



missionary churches, literally fulfilling the 
Baptist's definition of " a voice crying in the 
wilderness." Amongst the older people they 
still retain an odour of sanctity, if I may use 
the expression, rather than any actual tradi- 
tion of worship. Surely they are deserving 
of better treatment than the mean uses to 
which they are now put. G. E. R. 

Kentish Game.— Brome, in his 'Travels,' 
1700, pp. 2G4-5, describes, somewhat vaguely, 
a Kentish game called " stroke-biass," which 
was played in summer between the twenty 
best runners of one or two parishes, who 
challenged an equal number of racers within 
the liberties of two other parishes. 

"After several traverses and courses on both 
sides, that side whose Legs are the nimblest to gain 
the first seven strokes from their Antagonists, carry 
the Bay and win the Prize : Nor is this (4amo only 
appropriated to the Men, but in some Places the 
Maids have their set Matches, too, and are aa 
vigorous and active to obtain a Victory : And on a 
Plain near Chilham there is an annual Tie, as they 
call it, fixed in May for two young Men and two 
voung Maids of the adjoining Hundreds to make a 
Trial of Skill, which can course the nimblest for a 
certain Stadium of 40 Rods, and the Person of both 
Sexes, whose Heels are the nimblest, is rewarded 
with Ten Pound each, there being a Yearly Pension 
setled for that Diversion." 

Were these games played on special days ; 
and are they obsolete, or do they yet survive ? 

M. P. 

" Ingeminate."— I have recently once or 
twice come across the word "ingeminate," 
used apparently in the sense of "engender" 
or "promote," as in the phrase "ingeminate 
peace" {e.g., "He joined it [the Liberal 
League] in order to ingeminate peace and 
unity "). See Hcvietv of Revieivs for May, 
p. 462. As the word means, both etymolo- 
gically and according to usage, " to redouble 
or repeat," I shall be glad if you or any of 
your readers can inform me if there is any 
authority for its employment as above, or 
whether it is an erroneous usage. It may 
be that the meaning is intended to be that 
peace is made doubly sure ; but this seema 
rather far-fetched. Dubious. 

[Is not the meaning " reiterate." i.e., dwell fre^ 
quently on, correct and suitable? See ' H.E.D.,' s.v.] 

Lord John Russell and the Alabama.— 
The Alabama left the Mersey on 29 July, 
1862. Can any reader refer me to letters, in 
newspapers or elsewhere, giving an account 
of the little intrigue practised by a lady of 
fashion upon Lord John Russell in South 
Wales, which enabled this vessel to leave the 
Mersey in spite of all efforts to prevent her 
departure? (Mrs.) Mary Fokd. 



50 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [Q'-^ s. xii. July is. 190.3. 



BIRCH-SAP WINE. • 
{9^^ S. xi. 467.) 
" The right way of making birch- wine " is 
told by ,J. WorHdge in his ' Treatise of Cider,' 
third ed., 1691, pp. 173-6, where also may be 
found a list of other home-made "British 
wines " of that time. See also Philips's poem 
' Cyder,' book ii. A Yorkshire farmer in 1711 
mentions the making of it as a usual thing 
( Yorkshire ArcJueological Journal^ vii. 57). The 
Eev. John Berridge used it in 1790 (' Works,' 
1864, p. 436). It is briefly noticed already in 
' N. k, Q.,' 2»'' _S. vi. 8, 159 ; 5"' S. iii. 434. In 
tlie fruit-growing and market-gardening dis- 
tricts of Worcestershire fermented liquors 
are commonly made at this present time 
from parsnips, rhubarb, and plums, also 
grape wine from out-of-door grapes. In 
Yorkshire I was familiar with nettle beer, 
but many people looked upon it as medicinal. 

W. C. B. 

N. Bailey, in his 'English Dictionarj^' 
1759, seventeenth ed., states : "Where these 
Trees [birch] are in Plenty the People tap 
them and make a very pleasant wine of the 
liquor." Charles Annandale, in his 'Imperial 
Dictionary,' writes, under ' Birch-water ' : — 

" The juice of the birch, obtained, often in con- 
siderable quantities, by boring the stems of birch 
trees in early spring, when the sap is rising. It con- 
sists chiefly of sugar with nitrogenous substances. 
Fermented it forms an effervescent wine, drunk in 
the Harz, Courland, Livonia, &c." 

EvERARD Home Coleman. 
71, Brecknock Road. 

Other " home-made wines " not made from 
berry or fruit are primrose wine, coltsfoot 
wine, comfrey wine, turnip and parsnip 
wines, walnut wine, sweet basil wine, 
(?) eschalot wine, and no doubt many others. 
Was not Mistress Jane making elder-flower 
wine when the laird of Cockpen called ? 
Birch wine, made from the juice of the birch 
tree, boiled and fermented, is said in Red- 
ding's work on 'Wines' to be still used in 
Norway. B. L. II. C, perhaps, does not 
desire a list of home-made wines made from 
fruit in which the flowers of certain plants 
only form an ingredient ; otherwise there is 
Kentisli wine, in which hops are used : 
Maitrank (May drink), made from cham- 
pagne, sauterne, and still and sparkling 
hocks, in which the flowers and leaves of the 
woodroof (or woodruff) are used; and heather 
beer, which Dr. U. C. Maclagan has shown 
could not be made from heather-blossom 
alone, which probably only acted as a 



flavouring matter and preservative, like 
hops. J. HoLDEN MacMichael. 

I can remember this wine being made by 
boring a hole in tlie birch tree and running 
off the sap by means of a tube ; and at the 
present time, I believe, the practice is common 
enough in the, Highlands of Scotland. Tom 
Warton, in his poem the 'Progress of Dis- 
content,' written in 1746, thus alludes to the. 
practice : — 

To make his character entire 

He weds— a Cousin of the Squire ; 

Not over weighty in the Purse, 

But many Doctors have done worse ; 

And though she boasts no Charms divine, 

Yet she can carve and make Birch Wine. 

The poem, unsigned, may be found in the 
' Oxford Sausage.' My copy is undated, but 
probably was published about 1773, and 
contains very rude woodcuts. 

John Pickforp, M.A. 
Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge. 

A " home-made wine " is manufactured in 
this neighbourhood from dandelion blossoms. 

Francis R. Rushton. 
Betchworth 



Gillygate at York (9"' S. xi. 406, 457, 
518). — I am utterly at a loss to know what I 
have done to make your correspondent 
regard me so scornfully that he will not 
even allow me to be a Scotchman. I do not 
remember that the thought of race ever 
crossed my mind when I took the trouble of 
penning a reply to his query ; and as for his 
name, I will avoid mentioning it any more 
for fear of having my taste again aspersed. 
I did my best to set him right about Gilly- 
gate, and then made bold to ask whether the 
etymology he favoured had any foundation 
more stable than assonance. I am 
strengthened in the belief that it has not. 
The references to Guicciardini, ' Quentin 
Durward,' to a Scotch attempt to pronounce 
July, and to a gala which is held somewhere 
or other in June, seem to lack the relevance 
which might make them valuable. Your 
correspondent may be quite right as to the 
age of the bricks in Gillygate, but he should 
know that many a street is centuries older 
than its houses. Other points might be 
noticed ; but I stay my hand with the remark 
that probably no one is more unconscious 
than our tiro of the humour that permeates 
his concluding paragraph. St. Swithin. 

" Folks " (9^'' S. xi. 369, 438, 470).— If I had 
referred to Edwards as an authority on 
words there would be some point in Prof. 
Skeat's remark, but as I did not there is 



9"- S. XII. July 18, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



61 



none. There is no reason to suppose tliat 
Edwards misquoted Johnson, and for his 
quotations alone did I refer to hira. I venture 
to think they were not uninteresting. May 
I add that it seems a pity that those fortu- 
nate people who have easy access to the 
' H.E.D.,' and can therefore without trouble 
give us the last word on these etymological 
questions, should so frequently hold aloof 
until somebody less fortunate, but more 
obliging, has done his poor best, and then 
intervene with the air of the superior person 1 
I should have quoted the 'H.E.D.' myself if 
I could have done so ; but though 1 began 
to take the original issue at the letter //, and 
have taken the reissue from the beginning, 
the word "folk" unfortunately falls within 
the gap I have yet to make up. C. C B. 

Riming Epitaph (9^'' S. xi. 487).— The 
Mirror, i. 255, 15 January, 1823, gives the 
epitaph as in the query ; but in ' A Complete 
Parochial History of the County of Corn- 
wall,' 4 vols., Truro, 1867-73, at vol. ii. (18G8) 
p. 126, parish of Gunwalloe, alias Winington, 
it is stated that 

"the following singular epitaph was on a monu- 
ment which formerly stood in the churchyard : — 

We shall die all. 
Shall die all we ? 
Die all we shall ; 
All we shall die ! " 

Pu Polwhele's 'History of Cornwall,' 1816, 
v. 43-51, gives a number of Cornish epitaphs, 
but not the above. The Mirror opens with 
the words : "On a tombstone in Gunwallaw, 
near Helstone, in Cornwall. It may be read 
backwards or forwards." 

Adpjan Wheeler. 

Fasting Spittle (G'^^S. xi. 466).— I question 
whether Limbird could name the author of 
the curious pamphlet he published. Although 
I am unable to do so, I may state that the 
superstition is of long standing. Massinger, 
in his play of ' Very Woman ' (1631), says : — 

Let him hvitfa^iting spit upon a toad, 
And presently it bursts and dies. 

Herrick, in his 'Hesperides' (1648), furnishes 
another instance : — 

They have their cups and chalices. 
Their jiardons and indulgences : 
Their beads of nits, bels, books, and wax 
Candles forsooth, and other knacks ; 
Their holy oyle, their fast iiig-spittle, 
Their sacred salt here not a little. 

EvERARD Home Coleman. 
71, Brecknock Road. 

The Origin of the Turnbulls (9*^^ S. xi. 
109, 233, 329, 498).— Is this surname connected 
with that of Adrian Turnebus, the king's 



printer in Paris about the middle of the six- 
teenth century 1 Eichard H. Thornton. 

Cornish Rimes in an Epitaph (9*'' S. xi. 
146, 216).— The Rev. W. lago, of Bodmin 
(who revised or designed the seals of the 
cathedral of Truro and its chancellor, of 
the archdeacons of Cornwall and Bodmin, 
and of the latter's predecessor), sends me, to 
supplement the above notes, the following: — 

" A lady wrote to me from Kensington some 
months ago, and sealed her letter with a seal in- 
scribed ' Karenza whelas karenza,' and i then told 
her that it was the Polwhele motto. It is v>rinted 
in the book I showed you, Ur. W. Pryce's ' Archajo- 
logia Cornu-Britannica,' 1790, among the appendices, 
under tlie heading 'Mottoes and Sentences in Vulgar 
Cornish,' with this explanation, ' Mr. Polwhele's 
motto, Lore worlefh (or seekefh) lore, his French 
one being Amoar rent amour.' A great many other 
Cornish mottoes are given in tlie book also, such as 
Lord Viscount Falmouth's (his name is Boscawen), 
'Bosco Pascho Karenza Venza.' The 'Boscawen 
rose ' appears on his shield, his ordinary motto 
being ' Patience passe science.' The translation of 
his Cornish motto is not given." 

Mr. lago tells me that in the inscription at 
Polwhele House one should read whelas, not 
" wheelad," and that " Llanhydrock " should 
be Lanhj/drock, thus correcting what was said 
on p. 146. I find among ' A Collection of 
Proverbs, Rhimes,' &c., at the end of Dr. 
Pryce's book, " Karendzhia vendzhia — good 
will {or love) ivoidd do it." Probably, as the 
orthography of the Keltic tongues has never 
been settled, this explains the second part of 
the Boscawen motto. The Rev. W. lago 
states with regard to the motto : — 

" ' Bus Pask ' is Cornish for Food of the Passover, 
or Easter ; and the translation of the Boscawen 
motto seems to be : ' Paschal Food would [signify], 
or should [produce] love [or goodwill] ' ; or, more 
briefly, ' The Eucharist should be a feast of love.'" 

E. S. Dodgson. 

Skulls {Q^^ S. xi. 287, 474). —The exception 
that ]\Ir. J. HoLDEN MacMichael makes for 
the collection of skulls in the crypt (?) of 
Hythe Church does not, I think, hold good. 
Mediaeval churchyards in towns were often 
very small. That at Hythe is known to have 
been so. Most town churches had a charnel- 
house attached to them, and there can be but 
little doubt that this accounts for the great 
stack of bones here. There are considerably 
over 700 skulls, and of these sixteen show 
injuries inflicted before death. Most of these 
are sword cuts or gashes, often multiple, and 
three are pierced wounds. Two of the owners 
have certainly survived some time, and one 
may have recovered altogether. Considering 
the many alfrays that occurred here in olden 
times, some 2i per cent, with broken skulls 



52 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9'^ s. xii. July is. im 



does not seem extravagant. There was 
formerly a similar collection of bones at 
the parish church of Folkestone, no doubt 
of like origin. In conne.xion with these an 
interesting fact has lately occurred. When 
digging was going on in the old churchyard of 
St. Nicholas, behind the School of Musketry, 
many skulls and bones were found in a 
good state of preservation. Three of these 
skulls are now in the crypt, and will soon 
be difficult to distinguish from the others. 
This church fell into decay before the Refor- 
mation, so these burials must have taken 
place some 400 years ago. 

'a. Randall Davis. 
Hythe, Kent. 

1 can perhaps throw a little light on Mr. 
Peacock's query. The cranial bones are 
much harder than the rest of the bones in 
the human body, and consequently resist 
decomposition longer. The Bradford Corpo- 
ration recently acquired 730 square yards of 
ground from the parish churcli authorities, 
for the purposes of widening Church Bank, 
with the object of laying tram lines. At the 
Ecclesiastical Court held in February last 
it was stated that this would mean inter- 
ference with 155 graves and 522 bodies. 
Evidently the records at the disposal of the 
authorities only partially cover the period 
during which interments have taken place, 
for close upon 3,000 remains were removed. 
I was an eye-witness of the removal of some 
of these, and I can unhesitatingly assert that 
had it not been for the skulls it would have 
been absolutely impossible to arrive at the 
number with anything like accuracy, for in 
scores of instances nothing remained but the 
skulls, many of which had their full com- 
plement of teeth, showing no signs of decay, 
though many of the cuspids and molars were 
much worn, as if from contact with some 
hard material. 

Chas. F. Foeshaw, LL.D. 

Baltimore House, Bradford. 

Pope self-condemned for Heresy (9"' S. 
xi. G7, 218, 409).— The story told by your 
correspondent A. W. is not in so complete a 
form as I remember hearing it from Stephen 
Rigaud (afterwards Bishop of Antigua) in 
1840 or 1841. His version was "Et orabant 
Papain ut se cremari juberet. Et jussit 
Papa. Et crematus est. Et post cremationem 
pro sancto habebatur." Aldenham. 

^Byeoniana (9*'' S. xi. 444, 492 ; xii. 18).— 
Your correspondent invites me to prove a 
negative. He might just as well ask me to 
prove that IJyron never visited Paris. The 
process, though easy, would be tedious. 



Meanwhile, I see no reason to amend mj 
statement, most deliberately reiterated, that' 
Count Szechenyi (or some one else) is at fault 
in stating that Byron made any inspectioc 
of the Tasso MSS. at Ferrara in July, 1818, 
If Byron visited Ferrara previous to June, 
1819, that circumstance could easily be provedj 
by reference to Mr. Murray's latest edition oii 
the 'Journals and Letters' of Lord Byron. , 

Richard Edgcumbe. '. 
Edgbarrow, Crowthorne, Berks. i 

The entry in Count Sze'chenyi's ' Diary ' 
relating to Byron's having been to Ferrara 
in 1817 is fully borne out by the latter'.s own 
letters ; see the ' Works of Lord Byron : with 
his Letters and Journals and his Life,' by 
Thomas Moore, Esq. (John Murray, 18.32), 
where in vol. iv. letter 273, Byron, writing 
to Moore from Venice on 11 April, 1817, 
says : — 

" I sliall go to Bologna by Ferrara, instead of 
Mantua, because I would rather see the cell where 
they caged Tasso, and where he became mad and I 
than his own MiSS. at Modena," &c. 

And in letter 276 to Mr. Murray, dated from 
Foligno on 26 April, 1817, Byron remarks : — 

"I wrote to you the other day from Florence, 
inclosing a MS. entitled ' The Lament of Tasso.' 
It was written in consequence of my having been 
lateli/ at Ferrara." 

Now Tom Moore, in a prefatory note to 
'The Lament of Tasso,' tells us that the 
original MS. is dated "The Apennines," 
20 April, 1817, and that Byron had paid a 
visit of one day only to Ferrara, which must, 
therefore, have taken place between 11 and 
20 April of that year. S. J. Aldrich. 

New Southgate. 

River not flowing on the Sabbath (9'^'' S. 
xi. 508 ; xii. 19). — Are Izaac Walton and 
Bailey correct in their reference 1 According 
to Whiston, Josephus wrote : — 

" He [Titus] then saw a river as he went along, 
of such a nature as deserves to be recorded in his- 
tory ; it runs in the middle between Arcea, belong- 
ing to Agrippa's kingdom, and Raphanea. It hath 
somewhat very peculiar in it ; for when it runs, its 
current is strong, and has plenty of water ; after 
which its springs fail for six days together, and 
leave its channel dry, as any one inay see ; after 
which days it runs on the seventh day as it did 
before, and as though it had undergone no change 
at all : it hath also been observed to keep this order 
perpetually and exactly ; whence it is that they 
call it the Sabbatic River — that name being taken 
from the sacred seventh day among the Jews." — 
' Wars,' book vii. chap. v. 1. 

This passage, reversing the statements of 
Walton and Bailey, tells us that the river 
flowed swiftly on the Sabbath and ceased 
flowing all the other six days of the week. 



Itii 
slot 
Jos 
foil 
not 
itti 



in 
\ " 

St 



9'" s. XII. July 18, im] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



63 



It is one of the many amusing and wonderful 
stories of the "Middle" Ages. The work of 
Josephus is a romance, or compilation of the 
fourteenth or fifteenth century ; certainly 
not authentic history : it surpasses history 
in minuteness of detail and in impossibilities. 
There never were any Jews in Palestine. 

E. A. PETHEPaCK. 

Streathani. 

This fabled river is called the Sambatyon. 
It is frequently mentioned in Jewish lore, 
and the following notice from the apocryphal 
travels of Eldad the Danite is abridged from 
one of Dr. Neubauer's articles on the question 
' Where are the Ten Tribes 1 ' which appeared 
in the Jewish Qiuirterhj Revieiv. The river 

"is full of sand and stones and this river of 

stone and sand rolls during the six working days, 
and rests on the Sabbath day. As soon as the 
Sabbath begins, fire surrounds the river, and the 
flames remain till the next evening, when the Sab- 
bath ends. Thus no human being can reach the 
river for a distance of half a mile on either side." 

W. D. Macray. 

[Many other replies received.] 

Atkyns (9'^'' S. xi. 448).— Madam Charlotte 
Atkyns, nee Walpole, "the pretty Miss Wal- 
pole of Drury Lane Theatre," has been the 
subject of a previous inquiry in ' N. & Q.' 
(8''^ S. iii. 47, 72). As your correspondent 
dates his communication from Switzerland, 
I will gladly send him a copy of the two 
articles if he will communicate with me. 

EvERARD Home Coleman. 

71, Brecknock Road. 

In the burial-yard of Llandaff Cathedral, 
near the wall of the south aisle, is a slab flat 
on the ground, thus inscribed : — 

"This stone is yilaced here in Remembrance of 
departed Worth and to record t he union of domestic 
and more extended Virtues with very distinguished 
Family connections in the Person of Mary Adkin 
second Daughter of the Rev. Robert Adkin Rector 
of Rainham in Norfolk England. She died Ist Ocf 
1805. For the good that she did while living may 
her remains be undisturbed, until she is called to 
happiness, we hope in Heaven."' 

John Hobson Mattheavs. 
Monmouth. 

'The Three Ravens' (9'" S. xi. 485).— 
The interesting version of this ballad wliich 
has been communicated by Mr. Edward 
Peacock was printed in ' N. & Q.' between 
eleven and twelve years ago It was sent for 
publication by a correspondent signing him- 
self E. L. K., in courteous response to an 
inquiry of ray own upon the subject (8"' S. 
ii. .324, 4.37). Thence it crossed the Atlantic, 
and was duly entered by the late Prof. F. .7. 
Child in his monumental work ' The English 



and Scottish Popular Ballads,' v. 212. There 
is an interesting variant in the different ver- 
sions of this ballad. In the earliest known 
copy, which is found in Ravenscroft's ' Melis- 
raata,' IGll, the slain knight's lady-love is 
represented under the figure of a fallow doe : 
She lift up his bloudy hed, 
And kist his wounds that were so red. 
She got him vp vpon her backe. 
And carried him to earthen lake. 
She buried him before the prime, 
She was dead herself ere euen-song time. 

But in the Northern version, printed in the 
' Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border,' the lady 
is faithless : — 

His lady's ta'en another mate, 

So we may make our dinner sweet. 

For the credit of human nature, it is pleasant 
to find that in Mr. Peacock's Lincolnshire 
version womanly love and devotion again 
revert to the normal type. 

W. F. Prideaux. 

Johnson (9"' S. xi. 328).— As my query at 
this reference has not elicited any reply, I 
may as well give the notes 1 possess which I 
believe relate to the above :^ 

At<ple}j (Jnisc Parish Rcgider. 

John Johnson and Elizabeth Skevington married 
together xxviii July 1587. 

Farndish Pm-ish Register. 

1589, Nov. 16. Bapt. George, son of John Johnson, 
Rector. 

1591, Dec. 16. Elizabeth, daughter of John John- 
son, bapt. 

1594, May 2. Robert, son of John Johnson, baiit. 

1596, Nov. 22. Phillis and Maria, daughters of 
John Johnson, bapt. 

1600, June 29. Joseph, son of John Johnson, bapt. 

1603, June 26. Thomas, son of John Johnson, bajit. 

1607, Jan. 28. Susanna, tilia Johannis Johnson, 
bapt. 

1596, Dec. 8. Maria, daugliter of John Johnson, 
buried. 

1597, May 15. Robert, son of John .Johnson, l)uried. 
1625, Sept. 27. John Johnson, Rector, formerly 

Fellow of Magdalen Coll., Oxon., buried. 

1622, . William Jackson and Elizabeth John- 
son married. 

1622, Oct. 29. John Younger and Philis Johnson 
married. 

Cojjy of Brass Plate in the Chancel of Farndish 
Church, Beds. 
HIC iacet ioannes iohnsonus, generosus. 

DE ANTIQUA FAMILIA IN NORT HCROWLEY 
IN COM BUCKING, AC QUONDAM RECTOR 
HUIUS ECL'I.E ; QUI CUM ANNOS FERE 
CENTUM CO'PLEVERAT IN d'NO OBDORMIVIT 
SEXTO DIE OCTOB : 1625. 

The baptism of Tobias, the eldest son, has 
not been found (see ' Visit. Lon.,' vol. ii. p. 1.3, 
Harl. Soc.) ; neither has the will of John 
Johnson. Tiios. Wm. Skevington. 

Ilkley. 



54 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9'" s. xii. July is, 1903. 



Author of Quotation (1^^ S. viii. 329 ; 8^^ 
S. vi. 26).— In the question referred to only 
tsvo verses are given, whereas in the Daibj 
Express of 3 July, 1902, a third verse is added 
as follows : — 

La vie est telle 

Que Dieu la tit, 
Et, telle quelle — 
Elle suflit ! 

All three verses are accompanied by an Eng- 
lish translation, said to be by the author, 
M. Leon Montenaeken, himself, and stated to 
be "incomparably the best." Should there 
be three verses, and is the correct title ' Peu 
de Chose et Presque Trop,' and not simply 
'Peu de Chose'] I have not been able to 
refer to any book of M. Montenaeken's to 
verify these points for myself, but find that 
in the article mentioned, entitled ' La Jeune 
Belgique,' by William Sharp {Nineteenth C en- 
turi/, September, 1893, p. 429), only two verses 
are given ; nor does Literature (11 August, 
1900) nor the Daily Telegraph (3 June, 1898) 
give more. The lines (two verses only) were 
used for a translation competition in the 
Journal of Education (February, 1894, p. 114). 

Edward Latham. 

Duels of Clergymen (9"' S. xi. 28, 92, 353). 
— From a long article on 'Duels' the follow- 
ing is an extract : — 

"At that period duels were frequent among 
clergymen. In 1764 the Ihv. Mr. Hill was killed in 
a duel by Cornet Gardener, of the Carabineers. 
The Btcerend Mr. Bate fought two duels, and was 
subsequently created a baronet, and preferred to a 
deanery after he had fought another duel. The 
Eeverend Mr. Allen killed a Mr. Delany in a duel 
in Hyde Park without incurring any ecclesiastical 
censure, though Judge Buller, on account of his 
extremely bad conduct, strongly charged his guilt 
upon the jury."— Hone's ' Table Book,' i. 7-22. 

Adrian Wheeler. 

"Tyre" (9^^ S. v. 516; vi. 76, 194).— The 
replies to my query as to the meaning of this 
word were not very convincing, and I now 
think that it must have some connexion with 
weaving. In the Gentleman's Magaxine for 
1759, p. 517, there is a description of a 
"machine for drawing the tire in a ribbon 
loom." The following phrases occur in the 
course of the article:— "A ribbon that 
requires tire may be worked as a plain 
course," and " If two tire are only wanted, a 
double or looped string from the cords to the 
first and third tumbler, and from the second 
and fourth, will answer." R. B. P. 

Bacon on Hercules (9"> S. xi. 65, 154, 199, 
352).— Mr. Yardley, following Ben Jonson, 
maintains that " Shakspeare had little know- 
ledge of Greek and Latin " because he puts 



into the mouths of his characters "ccelo " fo 
caelum and " canus " for canis. It will taki 
something more than this to prove that thi 
author of the dramas had not an excel len 
knowledge of Latin at least. In the Fort 
nightlij Kevieiv Mr. Churton Collins has prove( 
pretty conclusively that Shakspeare wan 
familiar with the Latin language and wit! 
many of the Latin classics. At any rate, iii| 
appears that Shakspeare had as much knowi' 
ledge of Latin as enabled him to take the 
plot of his ' Comedy of Errors ' from the 
untranslated ' Mena^chmi ' of Plautus, ano 
Mr. Yardley allows him a possible acquaint- 
ance with Ovid in the original. 

Shakspeareans are at loggerheads, howeverr 
with regard to the dramatist's knowledge oi 
Greek. Years ago J. Russell Lowell suggested 
that Shakspeare had used a "Greece et Latine' 
version of the classics. This idea has been 
revived by Mr. Churton Collins, who main- 
tains in the Fortnightly that he obtained his 
knowledge of Greek tiirough Latin transla- 
tions, and that " when we compare many oi 
the soliloquies and monologues in the Shak- 
spearean dramas with those characteristics 
of the Greek tragedies, we cannot fail to be 
struck with their close resemblance in phrase 
and diction, in colour, tone, and ring." The 
instances cited by Mr. Collins are certainly 
remarkable, and I commend them to the 
notice of Mr. Y^ardley and other Shak: 
speareans who pooh-pooh the idea of any 
classical learning in the plays. 

Mr. Sidney Lee has refused to see any such 
resemblances, holding that " the coincidences 
were due to accident, and not to any study, 
either at school or elsewhere, of the Athenian 
dramas," that "the parallelisms are no more 
than curious accidents — proofs of consan- 
guinity of spirit" and "close community of 
tragic genius." It is to be hoped that Mr. 
Churton Collins's able articles will also 
instruct Mr. Lee as to the extraordinary 
knowledge of the Greek drama displayed 
by the author of the Shakspearean dramas. 

With regard to Hercules, and Bacon's mis- 
take as to his means of locomotion, I endea- 
voured to prove that Bacon, in his 'Apoph- 
thegms ' and elsewhere, was, like Shakspeare 
2xissint, often inaccurate in his references. 
For instance. Bacon says that there was a 
king of Hungary who took a bishop in battle, 
and sent a certain message to the Pope. The 
message was sent not by a king of Hungary, 
but by Richard Coiur de Lion. Then Bacon 
credits Chilon with an apophthegm which 
belongs to Orontes, the son of Artaxerxes ; 
he confuses the battle of Granicus with the 
battle of Issus ; he mistakes Antigonus for 



J» 



I 



9">s.xii.jci.vi8.i903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



55 



a Spartan, and the Emperor Hadrian for 
Augustus Cfesar ; confuses a Greek with 
Anacharsis, a Scythian ; Demosthenes with 
Phocion, and Demetrius with Philip of 
Macedon ; and he made the same error as 
Shakspeare that Aristotle held that moral 
philosophy' was not a proper study for young 
men— Aristotle referring not to moral, but to 
political philosophy. 

Sometimes the Bacon apophthegms and the 
plays of Shakspeare correspond. Here are 
two successive passages from the former :— 

(1) "Cocks may be made capons; but capons 
could never be made cocks." 

(2) "Chiloii would say that gold was tried with 
the touchstone, and men with gold." 

In Shakspeare we find : — 

(1) " You are cock and cav)on too." 

(2) " Holding out gold that "s by the touchstone 
tried." 

George Stronach. 

[Our correspondent forgets that under ' Shake- 
speare's Geography' he has supiilied most of the 
illustrations he now repeats (see 9"' )S. xi. 470).] 

"Tongue-twisters" (9"^ S. xi. 269, 455, 
493). — Spain has herversion of the Archbishop 
of Constantinople form of " Peter Piper ": — 

~~"E1 Arzobispo Constantinopolitano quiere de- 
senarzobispoconstantinopolitanitar. El que le de- 
senarzobispoconstantinopolitanitare, buen desen- 

"arzobispoconstantinopolitanitador sera." 

' " The Archbishop of Constantinople desires to 
divest himself of the archbishopric. He that 
divests him of the Archbishopric of Constantinople, 
a good divester of Constantinople Archbishoprics 
will he be.' 

Also a variant : — 

** El Duque de Medina Celi quiere desenduquo- 
medinacelizarse. El que le deseuduquemcdinaeeli- 
zare buen desenduquemedinacelizador sera." 

"The Duke of Medina Celi desires to divest him- 
self of the dukedom. He that divests him of the 
Dukedom of Medina Celi, a good divester of Duke- 
doms of Medina Celi will he oe." 

Aldenham. 

Nightcaps {Q""^ S. xi. 489).— The history of 

nightcaps could probably be traced in the 

pages of Punch. They figure in literature. 

Tittlebat Titmouse wore one. Dickens, who 

was fond of noticing headgear, made Mr. 

Pickwick's nightcap to be as well known as 

his gaiters (183G), and as late as 1861 he made 

the Aged P. to be jaunty by reason of that 

article of dress. It will be found, I think, 

that nightcap.s, which up to about 1860 had 

been more or less common, disappeared in 

consequence of the disuse of hair oil and 

3omatum, and the substitution of less greasy 

lair washes. When it became fashionable to 

ceep the hair very closely cut, and to strip 

jedrooms and bedsteads of nearly all carpets 



and curtains, then nightcaps wholly ceased — 
and rheumatism and neuralgia increased. 
But gentlemen whose natural head-covering 
is scanty still wear nightcaps. 

If folk - rimes have any historical value, 
the use of nightcaps must go a long way 
back. There used to be a jingle in Yorkshire: 
Did you ever see the d-v-1. 
With his wooden spade and shovel, 
Digging in his garden with his nightcap on ? 

The repetition of this nine times while the 
reciter walked nine times round a certain 
garden or similar enclosure was said to pro- 
duce a vision of the person named, habited as 
to his head according to the formula. In 
Hull the enclosure was Kingston Square, 
Jarratt Street, in which stood the dis.secting 
theatre of the Medical School. This, I believe, 
led to the choice (1857). W. C. B. 

I cannot answer your correspondent's 
query, but a few years ago caps that could 
be worn at night were part of the kit issued 
to soldiers proceeding by sea, and are very 
pleasant to sleep in in tlie open air. 

In a book, ' Records of the Poyal Military 
Academy, 1741-1840,' published by Parker, 
Furnival ct Parker, Military Library, White- 
hall, London, printed at the Royal Artillery 
Institution, Woolwich, 1851 (no author's name), 
there is a picture of a cadet of the Royal 
Military Academy (R.A.— R.E.). The descrip- 
tion of the plates is next to p. 152. Plate 2 
is a view of a room in the Royal Military 
Academy, 1810 and 1812. Fig. 7 is a cadet in 
white regimental nightcap. R. B. B. 

I am eighty-six years of age, but by no 
means am one of the " bed-ridden people." 
I wear a nightcap, for the simple rea.son that, 
being very bald, I am obliged during the day 
to use a velvet skullcap, hence I find a night- 
cap necessarj' when asleep. 

EvERARD Home Coleman. 

Muhammed OR Mohammed 1 (9^'' S. xi. 509.) 
— The Semitic name immortalized by the 
son of A'bdu'llah nmst necessarily be inter- 
preted by and through the language to which 
it belongs, i.e., Arabic. The root-form of it 
is ha7Md = praising or praise. Of this hamd 
there is an "extended" form, viz., tahmid ; 
and mvXvimmad is the " noun of passivity " 
{ismu mafiVl) belonging to tahmtcl. The re- 
duplication of the medial m in the " extended -' 
form muhammad throws into the name, 
according to the rules of Arabic grammar, 
a corresponding intensification of meaning. 
Hence the form muhammad denotes, not 
praise only, but praised repeatedly, or in 
the highest degree. "Mahomet," of course, 
is a mere corruption, like Shakespeare's 



66 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9"> s. xii. July is, im 



"iiiammet" (in the sense of idol), Burns's 
"mahound" or " mahount," and so forth. 
The question of whether we should write 
" Mohammed " or " Muhammad " is quite 
secondary. Neither the second nor the penul- 
timate symbol in those two transcriptions 
represents a letter at all in Arabic. The 
initial ??i is marked in Arabic script with a 
dainma = onr u; while, in the same script. 
the m introducing the last syllable is marked 
with a 2a^a?' = our a, as in " rural." He who 
would be classical should write " MuAammad." 
But even the barbarism " Mahomet," it should 
be remembered, has been well established in 
Anglo-Saxon literature by writers as dis- 
tinguished as Washington Irving. 

The name Muhammad was known, although 
it was not common, among the pagan Arabs 
of pre-Islamite times. W. T. 

Dumfries. 

Inquirer seems to think that the first of 
these is Turkish and the second Arabic. This 
is not the case. Arabic dialects vary con- 
siderably in their short vowels. Take two 
standard works, Hartmann's 'Sprachfiihrer ' 
(1880) and Landberg's 'Proverbes et Dictons' 
(1883), and it will be found, for instance, that 
wherever the former has i, the latter has u. 
Mu hammed and Mohammed may both be 
heard from Arabs. Mahomet or Mehemet is 
the specifically Turkish form, unknown to 
Arabic, since the change of final d to t, regular 
in Turkish, never takes place in the Semitic 
tongues. Our older authors indulged in 
still further corruptions, such as " Mahound " 
(Beaumont and Fletcher), " Macon " (Fairfax), 
itc. James Platt, Jun. 

Milton's ' Hymn on the Morning of 
Christ's Nativity ' (Q^^ S. xi. 88, 193, 475).— I 
have compared nearly a dozen different 
editions of this poem, and find a comma after 
" him " in about half of them. It seems clear, 
however, that Milton did not intend this, 
but meant the first comma of the stanza to 
occur after " trim." The question remains, 
how did he mean the passage to be read 1 
Here I am reluctantly compelled to differ 
from Mr. Yardley. "In awe to him " is, to 
say the least, a very unusual construction ; 
and a pause after " awe " seems to me 
required by the grave, sonorous movement 
of the verse both here and throughout the 
poem. The meaning, surely, would not 
suffer — I think it would rather be improved. 

c. a B. 

Orange Blossoms as Emblems of Purity 
(9"^ S. xii. T)). — Whether garlands of orange 
blossoms were torn or not by village lads as 



a punishment for unchastity, it seems certait 
that there was a similar custom, with which 
that mentioned may have been confounded 
In ' Hamlet ' the priest, speaking of the dead 
Ophelia, says : " Yet here she is allowed her 
virgin crants." Kranz is the German for 
garland ; and a virgin was entitled to weai 
it. When she lost her virginity, the garlandiJ 
was torn. See Goethe's 'Faust.' In thed 
scene at the well Margaret's companion,! 
referring to the degradation of Barbara, whc( 
has been seduced, says : " Das Kranzell 
reissen die Buben ihr." E. Yardley 

Has not Sir Walter Scott told us something? 
similar of the Scottish maiden's snood 1—e.r/.,. 
in the 'Heart of Midlothian.' W. C. B. 

"Vicereine" {9^^ S. xi. 430).— Although it 
is not an exact answer to your correspondent's 
query, he may be interested in the following 
extract from ' The Jerningham Letters,' vol. ii. 
p. 391, diary of Lady Bedingfeld, 1833 :— 

" I asked if he were related to the de Ligne 
Princes— this led to his discovering that I amij 
acquainted and have been intimate with many 
Austrian grandees, from the circumstance of my 
father's residing three years at Brussels (when I 
was a girl) at the time that it belonged to Austria 
and had his sister the Arch D. Mary Christine for 
Vice-Reine." 

Liese M. Sherring. 
WiUesden, N.W. 

Wykes Pedigree in Colby's ' Visitations ' 
(9'*' S. xi. 465. 513).— The Visitation in Jlaw- 
linson MS. B. 287, in the Bodleian Library, 
appears to be that of Thomas Tonge, Claren- 
cieux, in 1530-1. Thei'e is no mention in the 
Wykes descent of a place called Moreton 
Wykes, but a John Wike is described as-, 
being of Stanton wike. Somerset. There is 
no pedigree at all of Wykes in the Ashmole 
copy (MS. 763) of Benolte's Visitation, but im 
a collection of pedigrees taken in 1569 from 
Visitations of Worcestershire, Herefordshire, 
and Gloucestershire, in Ashmole MS. 831 
(f. 216), there is mention of a William Wykes 
of Morton Jeffery. W, D. Macray. 

Klopstock's 'Stabat Mater' (9^** S. xi. 
489).— I cannot see that Klopstock (1724-1803) 
wrote this poem. According to the ' Century 
Dictionary ' it was written about 1300 by 
Jacobus de Benedictus (Jacopone da Todi). 
It has also been ascribed to Pope Innocent III. 
See 'Cent. Diet.,' p. 588,3. Mr. Ould will 
find a version in ' The Crown of Jesus,' a 
well - known Roman Catholic prayer - book, 
edited (I think) by F. W. Faber (1814-63). 
There is an interesting triglot version in 
Fraser's Magazine for 1834. It is in Greek, 
Latin, and English, and is signed A. This is 



Si 



me 



9 •> S. Xil. July IS, 1903] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



57 



I, production of David MacBeth Moir (1798- 
851). 

If Mr. Ould thinks that I can assist liim 
le may write to me direct. 

Thomas White. 
Scottish Liberal Club, Edinburgh. 

Mr. Ould will find a translation in the 
netre he is seeking in ' Hymns Ancient and 
ylodern,' No. 117. C. M. Hudson. 

" To MUCx " (gt** S. xii. 5). — Please let me 
;uggest, just once more, that the right book 
,o consult is the ' English Dialect Dictionary.' 
There are about ten words spelt tiiug ; and 
he information fills more than a page, il/w/ 
1), sense 7, is "to supply with beer or 
iquor"; and mug, verb (4), sense 1, is "to 
)eat, thrash, chastise." Mug, sb. (3), is "a 
tupid, inexperienced person," ikc. 

Walter W. Skeat. 

The Pope and the Massacre of St. Bar- 
HOLOMEW (9"> S. xi. 407, 512).— Brantdme, 
iccording to Anquetil, related that the Pope 
vept when he heard of the massacre : — 

" Je pleure, dit-il, tant d'innocents qui n'auront 
)as manqu6 d'etre confondus avec les coupables : 
;t possible qu'iY plusieurs de ces morts Dieu eiit 
ait la grace de se repentir." 

These words show pity for the victims, but 
lot disapproval of the act. The Pope re- 
gretted that people who were not Huguenots 
>hould have suffered, as they must have done, 
n so huge and indiscriminate a massacre. 
3e also regretted that the Huguenots had 
lot the opportunity of renouncing their faith 
)r repenting their sins. But he went no 
"urther. In Mackintosh's 'History of Eng- 
and ' is the following account of the celebra- 
iion of the massacre ; but this account was 
lot written by Sir James himself. It is in 
,he conclusion of the history, added after his 
leath : — 

" At Rome the Pope and the cardinals returned 
jod thanks, in the church of St. Louis, for this 
lignal instance of divine grace to Christendom and 
,he infant pontificate of Gregory XIII." 
Ranke confirms this. E. Yardley. 

"Uther" and "Arthur" (9"' S. xi. 327, 
196).— It may be worth noting, as I do from 

County Folk-lore,' vol. iii., 'Orkney and 
Shetland Islands ' (p. 270), that Arthur, com- 
aon in Shetland now, is suspected of being a 
corruption of the Old Northern Ottar :— 

"Last century 'Otto,' or 'Otho' or 'Ottie' was 
I, frequent fore-name here, and now no case of it 
)ccurs. In our Northern Isles it has even been 
Judaised into ' Hosea,' so that ' Otto Ottoson' was 
transmuted into 'Hosea Hoseason '—so written, but 
pronounced ' Osie Osieson.' " 

», St. Swithin, 

is 



le 



Mayors' Correct Titi.i: ank tiieih Pi!K- 
cedence (9'_" S. xi. 389, 437).— A mayor of a 
cathedral city, as such, is not entitled to the 
prefix '' Right Worshipful." Liverfjool has 
been a cathedral city since 18S(», but the 
mayor was merely designated " Worsiiiiiful " 
till ten years ago he became the Kiglit 
Honouiabie the Lord Mayor. On the other 
hand, the Mayor of Bristol was always the 
"Biglit Worsiiipt'ul " till he became a Lord 
Mayor. 1 believe the higher title is used at 
Exeter, Chester, and Norwich. 1 fancied it 
was confined to boroughs svhicli are counties 
of themselves, but Shrewsbury disposes of 
that theory. Not long ago I saw au 
announcement that something would be done 
by "the Bight Worshipful tht^ Mayor of 
St. Pancras " ! W. Dkujy Thuk'na.m. 

This has long been a doubtful question. 
I was always given to understand by my 
father (Thomas Hughes, F.S.A.) that " tlie 
Right Worshipful" was only used by mayors 
of towns which were counties in themselves 
and had sherifis. Tiiis is so at Chester and 
Exeter, where there are sheriffs, and also at 
Plymouth, where there are not. Certainly the 
chief magistrates of all the county towns are 
not "Right Worshipful," e .'/., in this town, 
Lancaster, though chartered in the reign of 
King John and earlier, the mayor is only 
" the Worshipful." Mr. Southa.m will have a 
difficulty in placing his mayors. I fought 
the point out for Lancaster on the occasion 
of the church procession of the Royal Insti- 
tute of Public Health at Blackpool in 1899. 
The Ripon Town Clerk was there, with his 
mayor and mace and baldrick, and claimed, 
by virtue of a traditionary cliarter of King 
Alfred, to take precedence next after the 
Mayor of Blackpool anfl Lord Mayors. 
I successfully contended, on the other hand, 
that, as representing the county town, the 
Mayor of Lancaster (Alderman Bell) took 
precedence of any town represented except 
Blackpool. There were no Lord Mayors tliere. 
The safest way is to give the mayor of the 
town visited the first place, and after him 
the mayor of the county town, followed by 
any Lord Mayors present in order of charter, 
and then all other mayors in charter order, 
mixing county and non-county boroughs. I 
may mention that at Liverpool functions tlie 
county town of Lancaster has always corao 
ne.xt after Liverpool. 

T. Cann Hughes, M.A., J.S.A. 
Town Clerk of Lancaster. 

The "eminent antiquary" whose opinion 
your correspondent relies upon cannot have 
very carefully investigated the subject as to 



58 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9*^ S. XIl. July is, 1903. 



the usage of addressing mayors of towns as 
" Right Worshipful," for in Shrewsbury, which 
is not a cathedral town, the practice has been 
followed for over two centuries and a half. 
Prior to 1638, in which year Charles I. 
granted to the town a new charter, it had 
been governed by two bailiffs who were 
always addressed as Right Worshipful, not by 
the general public only, but in otWcial corre- 
spondence. Sir Henry Townshend, Knt., for 
example, who was a distinguished legal 
authority in 1584, and recorder of the town, 
invariably addressed the bailiffs of Salop as 
the "Right Worshipful my loving friends" 
{Trans. Shrop. Arch. Soc, Second Series, 
vol. X. p. 337). When bailiffs were dis- 
continued and a mayor was appointed by 
the above - named charter, both he and his 
successors were designated Right Worshipful. 
Hundreds of examples might be given from 
the borough archives, if needed, to prove 
this. William Phillips. 

Canonbury, Shrewsbury. 

' Whitaker's Titled Persons,' under ' Modes 
of addressing Persons of Title," gives the 
title of all mayors as " Worshipful " or " Right 
Worshipful " ; Lord Mayors, "Right Hon." 

When mayor of this borough (1899-1901), at 
any collection of mayors I was given pre- 
cedence according to the date of the 
borough's first charter, without reference to 
the size or importance of the place. I fancy 
the principle is the same as holds good 
respecting peerages. A peer takes precedence 
according to the date of his patent, not the 
number of his acres or tenants. 

R. Baeclay-Allardice. 
Lostwithiel, Cornwall. 

f^EES FOR SEARCHING PaRISH REGISTERS 

(Qth S. X. 148, 394; xi. 130, 252, 453).— After 
obtaining permission from clergymen to 
inspect their registers, I considered my 
extracts available only for correcting errors 
in books of reference or well-known MSS. 
Col. J. Lemuel Chester, the American anti- 
quary, wrote to me, 1 Februarj^ 1868:— 

" I shall, of course, make no public use of the 
parish register extracts, but beg to say that the 
clergymen have no prescriptire rights as of fee 
simple in their registers. They belong to the 
pufi/lr, and the clergy are only their custodians, 
with the privilege of charging certain fees in certain 
cases. The pretensions of some of the incumbents 
are simply ridiculous. Strictly, they have no right 
to make a charge for ■searching their registers and 
taking notes. By law they can only make a charge 
when they actually furnish a certificate. I know 
that a different impression prevails, but it is a 
mistaken one." 

I know the Act 6 & 7 Will. IV. respecting 
marriages, and suspect that the colonel was 



mistaken. Had he been a native he would 
have agitated the question. In conversation 
he quoted a case where a party requested a 
clergyman to search and supply a certificate. 
The clergyman being unable to decipher the 
entries, the applicant undertook the search 
for him, and consequently refused to pay for 
more than the certificate. The clergyman's 
claim for more was disallowed. 

As four correspondents require notice in 
turn, I must not encroach on space now. 
Parish registers furnish evidence for truth. 
Where investigation is impeded by pro- 
hibitive fees a change is necessary to keep 
abreast of the times. H. H. D. 

General Richard Hope (9'^'' S. xi. 329).— 
With reference to this question, I beg to be 
permitted to mention that the union of 
Thomas Hope and Anna Maria Delamere, of 
Killester House, Clontarf, co. Dublin, was 
blessed with many children. With the 
exception of one or two, all the sons of the 
said Thomas Hope went to various parts of 
the world (to England, to New York, &c.) to 
seek their fortunes. As I have always 
understood that Richard Hope (according to 
an entry in my great-grandfather's Douay 
Bible, printed in 1764, he was the fourth son, 
and born on 27 May, 1777) entered the 
•service of the East India Company, I shall 
indeed be glad to learn if there is any truth 
in the statement that this friendless Scots- 
man was rewarded by promotions reaching 
to general's rank for war services in India. 
Henry Gerald Hope. 

119, Elms Road, Clapham, S.W. 

"Hagioscope" or Oriel? (g"" S. xi. 301, 
321, 375, 491). — Can Lysaet be serious in 
maintaining that, because a purely English 
word is Latinized in Domesday, it loses its 
native source 2 Bertona stands in Domes- 
day for Barton. The only connexion between 
aida and hall is that they liave two letters 
in common. It would be thought that the 
merest tiro in etymology knew that the 
initial letter of hall was a radical part of 
the word, answering, in accordance with 
Grimm's law, to the initial of Greek KaXia. 
(hut), Latin celare, O. Irish celi7)i (I hide). 
Aiila = Greek auArJ, probably from a?jui 
(blow). H. P. L. 

Mr. S. O. Addy has discussed in a most 
interesting way the etymon of oriel. It is 
perhaps impossible to connect the word with 
oraAoriolum, even if the latter diminutive 
could be shown to have been in use at any 
time. But it may be worth while to bring 
into view the Welsh o)ie^=porch or balcony. 
Oriel College, in Oxford, was founded by 



9'*- s. XII. JULY 18. 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



59 



Edward of Caernarvon, the first Prince of 
y^^'ales. It has, however, I believe, been sug- 
gested, if not proved, that his foundation 
was an "aula regalis," from which o>/e^ would 
be derived. The consideration of the phonetic 
connexion between mda and hall, often used 
bo translate it, is perhaps beside the ques- 
tion. The use of aula in the neo- Latin lan- 
2;uages would open a wide examination 
probably. Aula in Italian means " king's 
palace, royal house, royal hall," and in Por- 
tuguese and Castilian is used in the sense 
of class-room, and even class, in a college or 
university, and of "court or palace of a 
sovereign." Aulam and haula may perhaps 
mean " church " in an inscription found in an 
incient chapel at Oviedo in 1898, and de- 
scribed on p. 115 of ' Inscriptionum Hispanise 
Uhristianarum Supplementum,' by Dr. Emil 
Hubner (Berlin, 1900). E. S. Dodgson. 

Mottoes (9"^ S. xii. 16).— "From Caf to 
Caf" is a common Arabian periphrasis for 
the whole earth. Caf {Kdf or Kahf) is the 
name given to the circular chain of moun- 
tains supposed to encompass the world 
in Arabian cosmogony. Perhaps Lane's 
' Thousand and One Nights ' is the easiest 
accessible book to refer to on the subject. 

W. F. KiRBY. 



NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. 

The Poetical Works of John MiUon. Edited by 
William Aldis Wright. (Cambridge, University 
Press.) 
The Vice-Master of Trinity is responsible for a 
trustworthy and scholarly edition of MiIton"s 
poetry, which appears in a handsome shape and at 
a modest price from the Cambridge University 
Press. It is but fitting that the sane and sound 
scholar to whom we owe the generally accepted 
edition of Shakespeare should be no less intimately 
associated with Milton. Editions of the great poet 
are numerous, and some, like that of the Rev. H. C. 
Beeching, edited from the original text, and that 
now issued, take up at once positions of authority. 
The chief claims of the latest edition are found in a 
pure text and in short, comprehensive, and valuable 
notes. In respect to the text regard is generally 
manifested for the early editions, various readings 
being inserted in the notes. A claim to novelty is 
furnished by the use that has been made of the 
priceless MSS. preserved in the library of Trinity 
College. In addition to the MS. of 'Comus,' mainly 
in Milton's own hand, which exists in the library 
mentioned, that belonging to the Earl of Ellesmere 
in Bridgwater House has also been consulted. 
Three new readings have been adopted on the 
strength of Milton's own writing. Line 10 of 
* Lycidas ' now appears 

Who would not sing for Lycidas ? He well knew, 
instead of " he knew," Milton having twice written 
the line as it now appears, and in a copy of the first 



printed edition having in his own hand inserted 
"well." In Sonnet xiii., addressed to Mr. H. Lawes, 
line 9, "verse must lend her wing" is substituted 
for the "send her wing" of the first edition ; and 
in Sonnet xiv., to the Christian memory of Mrs. 
Catherine Thomson, line 12, 

And spake the truth of thee in glorious themes 
replaces " on glorious themes." In each of these 
cases the emendation is insisted ujion by Milton, 
and, though seemingly of no great significance, its 
acceptance involves no diiHculty. 

In the speech of Belial in the Infernal Council 
('Par. Lost,' ii. 140-7) the first edition has 
for who would loose. 
Though full of pain, this intellectual being? 

This Mr. Aldis Wright,incommon with most editors, 
alters to "who would lose?" This is obviously 
correct. A simple misapprehension of sound has 
been made by the amanuensis. There is no question 
of purposely loosing or casting off existence. In the 
Trinity MS. of ' Comus ' are fifteen or more lines, 
obviously of Milton, which do not appear in moat 
printed editions, though they are given by Todd, 
and are quoted, presumably by Charles Lamb, in 
the Miscellany, 1822 (see Lamb's ' Works,' ed. Lucas, 
vol. i. p. 377). They are now supplied in a note. 
Many different readings in ' Comus ' are given 
in the various MSS. or printed editions. One of 
the most important of these is the alteration in the 
edition of 1673, in the errata, of " here " into " hear " 
in the line 

And hearken, if I may, her business here. 

Ample information is supplied by Mr. Wright on 
bibliographical points, and the preface and notes 
will repay close study. A chronological arrange- 
ment is, so far as possible, observed. 

The Works of Charles and Mary Lamb. Edited 
by E. V. Lucas. — Vol. V. Poems and Plays. 
(Methuen&Co.) 
Departing from chronological order, Mr. Lucas, in 
this best of many competing editions of Lamb, 
follows up the first volume with the fifth. This 
contains the poems and the plays, an indispensable 
portion of any edition of the Lambs, but not 
the best part of their literary equipment. Several 
poems, chiefly acrostics, are now printed for the 
first time. Lamb seems to have had faith in his 
own capacity for dramatic workmanship, and in 
this matter to have taken himself more seriously 
than was his wont. Five plays and eight pro- 
logues or epilogues appear in the present volume. 
Of the latter three are for the first time included 
in Lambs collected works. These are bright 
enough, but in such compositions Lamb has known 
superiors. The notes, which occupy a hundred 
pages, constitute the most agreeable portion of the 
volume. They are drawn from various sources, 
including his correspondence with Manning. Many 
of Lamb's quotations are traced to their sources. 
They are not consjjicuous for accuracy. It is pos- 
sible that some of these — e.g.. 

Of summer days and of delightful years — 

are inexact enough to put the searcher off the 
scent. In many cases the information supplied 
concerning a poem is elaborate. Take, for instance, 
the note (p. 277) on the sonnet " Was it some sweet 
device of Faery ? " It might be noted that the line 

If from my lips some angry accents fall, 
on p. 283, written by Lamb in his " prison house" 



60 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9"^ s- xii. julv is, 1903. 



(asylum), seems a recollection, as regards construc- 
tion, of Pope's 

If to her share some female errors fall. 
The frontispiece consists of a reproduction of the 
drawing by Robert Hancock of Lamb at the age 
of twenty-three. The original of this is now in the 
National Portrait Gallery. Another interesting 
portrait is that of Hester Savory, Lamb's Quaker 
sweetheart, using the term with becoming reserve 
ill the case of a woman to whom he appears never to 
have spoken. Many title-pages of works by Lamb, 
Coleridge, or Lloyd are facsimiled. There are 
four designs for ' Satan in Search of a Wife ' and 
the playbill of ' Mr. H.' at Drury Lane. ^ Pic- 
lures reproduced are Leonardo da Vinci's ' Virgin 
of the Rocks ' and ' Modesty and Vanity,' 
Haydon's ' Christ's Entry into Jerusalem,' and the 
very interesting picture sent by Lamb to Bernard 
Barton. In get-up, as in thoroughness, the work is 
ideal. The red clotli cover with the white paper 
label is exactly the kind of thing which the genuine 
bibliophile loves, jireferring it to all but the most 
artistic binding. Not the least commendation of 
the " Aldine Poets" of Pickering was a cover of the 
same kind, with the substitution of black cloth for 
red. In this form appeared the collected Coleridge 
and many works which are now regarded as 
rarities. 

The Authorship of Arden of Feversham. By Charles 

Crawford. 
From the ' Jahrbuch der Deutschen Shakespeare- 
Gesellschaft' Mr. Crawford, our well-known con- 
tributor, has reproduced liis valuable essay on 
tlie above subject. In opposition to the views of 
some authorities, Mr. Crawford proves that the 
author of this fine drama is Thomas Kyd. This 
parentage was advanced by Mr. Fleay, but received 
with little favour. By a series of minute investiga- 
tions and close comparisons Mr. Crawford estab- 
lishes that Mr. Fleay's view is entitled to respect. 
To himself his argument is conclusive, and we find 
ourselves unable to contest its validity. It is a 
matter for regret that the writer should have had 
to confide to a German periodical work for which 
English jmblishers should compete. 

A Tale of Two Cities: Martin Chtr.zlewit : Hard 
Times, Hunted Down, d-c. By Charles Dickens. 
(Frowde and Chapman & Hall.) 
Thkee more volumes, containing the works indi- 
cated above, have been added to the cheap and 
welcome " Fireside" edition of Dickens. The first- 
named has sixteen illustrations and the second 
forty by Phiz, the third seven by F. Walker and 
Mr. Maurice Greiffenhagen. Rapid progress is 
being made by what promises to be the most 
popular edition of the master. 

The Rdi([uar!i and Illitstrat(d Archceologist. Edited 

by J. Romilly Allen. July. (Bemrose & Sons.) 
The first page opens with a beautiful illustration of 
* The Orton Scar Brooch,' belonging to the Society 
of Antiquaries. It was found, together with a 
twisted silver torque, in 1847, in a crevice of the 
limestone rock five feet below the surface, and 
is of the Viking ])eriod. A full description of 
it is given by the editor, who also has an interest- 
ing article on ' Some late Survivals of Primitive 
Ornament.' The chief objects described were 
made at home Mith the simplest possible tools 
by persons who had uo art training whatever. 



These include bone apple-scoops, carved wooden 
spoons, knitting sticks, and stay-busks. All the 
articles, with the exception of the apple -scoops, 
were made for the special purpose of being given 
away as presents from young men to their sweet- 
hearts. The stay-busks were elaborately decorated 
with initials, dates, and hearts. Mr. Allen cannot 
resist a foot-note as to this : " Imagine a masher of • 
to-day laying a stay-busk such as one of those illus- 
trated in Fig. 3 at tlie ungainly feet of a new woman. 
She would probably use it as a golf club or a hockey 
stick.'' ' Some Interesting Essex Brasses' are the 
subject of an article bv Mr. Miller Christy and . 
Mr. W. W. Porteous. Other subjects treated are 
the ancient church of Bishopston, in Sussex, which 
has been the subject of much debate as to whether ■ 
any part of it bears evidence to a Saxon origin ; 
and -Tumblers,' by Mr. Arthur Watson. Dr. Cox 
contributes a long review of 'The Arts in Early 
England,' by G. Baldwin Brown, written " in no 
carping spirit, for the writer of this notice fully 
recognizes^ in Prof. Baldwin Brown a great expert 
in Anglo-Saxon arcliitecture, second only, probably, 
to Mr. Micklethwaite." 



We must call special attention to the following 
notices : — 

On all communications must be written the name 
and address of the sender, not necessarily for pub- 
lication, but as a guarantee of good faith. 

To secure insertion of communications corre- 
spondents must observe the following rules. Let 
each note, query, or reply be written on a separate 
slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and 
such address as he wishes to appear. When answer- 
ing queries, or making notes with regard to previous 
entries in the paper, contributors are requested to 
put in parentheses, immediately after the exact 
heading, the series, volume, and page or pages to 
which they refer. Correspondents who repeat 
queries are requested to head the second com- 
munication " Duplicate." 

S. S. ("I'm the loudest of voices in orchestra 
heard ").— For a suggested solution see 7"' S. i. 517. 
No satisfactory explanation is known, it is by 
Bishop Wilberforce, and the whole is given 7"> S i 
449. I v^ . 

F. L. Wright ("Omar Khayyam, ' Rubdiyat,' 
First Edition, J859").— A copy, richly bound, sold 
at Sotheby's a year ago for 58/. In March, 1902, 
a copy brought 28/. 5«. 

VioiLANS (' United States and St. Margaret's').— 
Mr. Harlaxd-Oxlky's article on the Raleigh 
monument will appear next week. 

W. E. Adams (" Furry Dance at Helston ').— We 
are glad to know that this ancient custom still 
lingers, but we have had too much about it to open 
the subject out afresh. 

Corrkjendom. — The name of the well-known 
bookseller Mr. Iredale, of Torquay, was misprinted 
as " Ireland" in our last number, p. 40. 

NO TICK. 

Editorial communications should be addressed 
to "The Editor of 'Notes and Queries'"— Adver- 
tisements and Business Letters to " The Pub- 
lisher"— at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery 
Lane E.C. 



9'"s. xiLJoLvis, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



THE ATHEN^UM 

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The NmiBERfor JULY 4 contains.— 

CONTINENTAL LITERATURE. 

Prof. RALEIGH on WORDSWORTH. 

NEW NOVELS :— A Burgher Quixote; Beggar's Manor; A Son of the 
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OUR LTRRARY TABLE: — A Cambridge Milton; Caliban's Guide to 
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LIST of NEW BOOKS. 

SA.M WELLERS SONG in 'PinCWICK'; 'SOCIAL ORIGINS'; 
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DIXON, C— ANNALS of BIRD LIFE 7 6... 3 

BIRDS of OUR RAMBLES 6 ... 3 

JOTTINGS ABOUT BIRDS 6 ... 3 

NESTS and EGGS of NON-INDIGENOUS BIRDS 6 ... 3 

The MIGRATION of BRITISH BIRDS 7 6... 30 

ANGLER'S LIBRARY, The. Edited by the Eight Hon. Sir HERBERT MAXWELL, Bart., and F. G. 

AFLALO— 

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Master of the Buckhounds, 1892-95. With 24 Plates and 35 Illustrations in the Text, including 
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Introduction by the Rev. E. WARRE, contributions by W. "M. CONWAY, D. W. 

D.D., and a Chapter on Rowing at Eton by FRBSHFIELD, and others. With an Intro- 

R. HARVEY MASON. With numerous auction by Mr. JUSTICE WILLS. 

Illustrations. 
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and G. LACY HILLIER. With numerons by J. Bturgeee. 

Illustrations. 
BADMINTON LIBRARY, The, of SPORTS and PASTIMES. Edited by His Grace the DUKE of 
BEAUFORT, K.G., Assisted by A. B. T. WATSON. Comprising— Athletics, Archery, Big Game, 
Billiards, Boating, Cricket, Coursing, Cycling, Dancing, Driving, Fencing, Fishing (2 vols.). 
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ST. LEGER STAKES, HISTORY of the, 1776-1901, By J.S. FLETCHER. Four Coloured Plates and 

32 other Illustrations ... ... 21 ... 7 « 



9'- s. xii. Ave. 15. 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



121 



LONDON, SATURDAY, AUGUST ir>, 1903. 



CONTENTS.-No. 294. 

NOTES :— Samuel Brett, 121— United States and St. Mar- 
garet's, 123— Leo Xlli.: Chronogram — Pasquil against 
his Surgeons, 124 — "Beginning of a new century" — In- 
accuracy in Novel — Lombard — " First catch your hare " — 
Halley, 125— Roscommon and Pope— Rabbits and Riieu- 
matisni — " Clameur do haro," 126— Imaginary Saints, 127. 

QUERIES :—Ospreys — Beyle: Stendhal— Peter the Great 
in England — Modern Forms of Animal Baiting— Holborn 
Casino— Nature Study, 127 — Miss Charlotte Walpole— 
Shops in Clieapside in l*i50— Stafford — " Devil and deep 
sea" — "Cold shoulder": "Turn the tables" — John 
Angier — Welsh Dictionary — Mother ot Ninus, 128— John- 
son's 'Lives of the Poets' — "Gardening, man's primeval 
work" — Harley Family — Aitken Surname — ' Wreck of 
the Hesperus' — Gibbon's 'Roman Empire'— Hambleton 
Tribe, 129. 

REPLIES :— Fleetwood Family — Thackeray's Speeches — 
Sunliower. 180— Donne Family— King, Banker — Hawker's 
' Instructions to Young Sportsmen '—"Sleep the sleep of 
the just "—Roman Pits— Immurement Alive of Religious, 
131— Railway Literature, 132— Apple-blossoms, 133— Flats 
— Formation of Clouds— Long Lease— " Wake "=Village 
Feasr — Tale by Archibald Forbes— 'Lois the Witch' — 
Klopstock's ' Stabat Mater '— " Tory," 134- Zola's ' Rome ' 
— King's Champion — Holbein Portraits— " Ingeminate" 
— Welsh Counties — Richard Nash, 135 — "To mug" — 
"Keep your hair on," 13fi — "Accorder" — Peculiars — 
Coincidences— Ui)right Burial — Ballads and Methodism, 
137 — "Crying down credit " — " Folks " — " Flea in the 
ear "—French Quotation —Advent of the Typewriter— 
"Cards and spades," 138. 

NOTES ON BOOKS:— 'Slang and its Analogues '-'Jocelin 
of Brakelond' — 'The Doones of B.xmoor'— Dickens in 
French —' Edinburgh Review ' — "Fireside Dickens" — 
'The Popish Plot and its Newest Historian.' 

Notices to Correspondents. 



SAMUEL BRETT. 
Since sending you my query about Samuel 
Brestsenus (cf. 9^^ S. xi. 408), it has been 
.suggested to me tliat the Danish book 
I'eferred to may be Ludvic Baron af Holberg's 
' Jodiske Historie' (2 bulky vols., Copenhagen, 
1742), which certainly has a chapter of five 
pages on the Council of Jews in 1650, but 
cannot be described as "a detailed work " on 
that subject. It has, however, enabled me 
to identify the Englishman in question as 
Samuel Brett, who published in London in 
1655 a short pamphlet with a very long title, 
from which it will suffice to quote the fol- 
lowing :— 

" A Narrative of the Proceedings of a Great Coun- 
el of Jews assembled in the Plain of Ageda [sic] 
in Hungaria about 30 Leagues distant front Buda 
to examine the Scriptures concerning Christ, on the 
r2th of October, 1650. By Samuel Brett, there 
present.'" 

The pamphlet has been reprinted many 
:;imes,* it has been translated into several 



* In a collection mentioned in the next foot-note ; 
dso in the Phenix, vol. i. 1707 ; B. R., ' Memorable 
ilemarks upon the Jewish Nation,' 1786 ; ' Har- 
eian Miscellany,' vol. i. ; and also so recently as 
876 by an anonymous well-wisher. 

I 



languages,* and has evidently created a great 
stir, and led to a lively controversy in its 
time.t And yet the whole story about the 
Council seems to be a pure fabrication. 

The author, whose life has not been in- 
cluded in the ' Dictionary of National Bio- 
graphy,' was, according to his own statement 
in the preface to his pamphlet, 

" a chirurgeon of an English ship in the Streights, 
where for a cure that 1 did for Orlando de Spina 
of (jollipulo [sir], an eminent man in those parts, 
I was by him preferred to the cayitain of a ship at 
Malta which was set out by the said Orlando and 
committed to my command against the Turks in 
the Arches in assistance to the Venetian service." 

He spent thus nine months, till tempests 
compelled him to return to harbour. He 
took part in five fights at sea and in two on 
land ; was chosen by lot to make a raid into 
the Turks' country with a certain company 
of .soldiers collected out of the Christian fleet, 
to do some execution upon the borders of 
the enemy and collect provisions for his 
co-religionists' relief, in which undertaking 
he was successful. 

He next tells his readers that he spent 
four years beyond the seas before and after 
this employment, not staying long in any 
place. He travelled in several countries, 
the most eminent cities and towns, and 
enumerates a long list of some thirty geo- 
graphical names, among which we find 
Dalmatia and Sclavonia, but, curiously 
enough, not Hungary, in which country the 
plain of "Ageda" was supposed to be 
situated. 

In his subsequent narrative our author 
tells us a good many things about the Eng- 
lish residents in Paris and their ritualistic 
practices, at which the good French Protes- 
tants were greatly shocked ; also about 
Rome and Piomish superstitions ; about the 
Grecians, who were neither pure Papists 
nor pure Protestants, and were poisoned 
with heresies ; and, finally, about the 
Spaniards, who were more Romanists than 
the Romans themselves. 



* Into Danish, German, Latin, Hebrew, and 
Welsh. The last - named translation appeared 
in a collection of which the first piece is ' Dwy 
Daith i Gaersaleiii,' and which was published soon 
after the English original appeared. The title of 
the latter was ' Two Journeys to Jerusalem,' by 
H[enry] T[imberlake], 1692. There are several 
other pieces in the collection. Cf. also Richard 
Burton, '.Juda'orum Memorabilia,' 1796; Charles 
Butler, ' Hone Biblica?,' 1799-1807 ; Owen, ' History 
of Images,' quoted by Baron Holberg. 

t The ' Narrative' has been severely handled by 
two Jewish writers, namely, by Manasseh ben 
Izrael in 1656, and more recently by Selig Cassel 
in 1845. 



122 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9* s. xii. aug. 15. im 



He next gives a short but hopelessly wrong 
account of the strangling of the Great Turk 
by the Janissaries in Constantinople in 1648, 
tells us some inaccuracies about the flowing 
of the river " Nylus " in Egypt and about 
the Grand Cairo, and mentions also some- 
thing about the pilgrimage of 8,000 people 
from Naples — " poor souls " — to Rome in 
the year of Jubilee in 1650. 

He could have told us of many other 
occurrences during his wanderings, but felt 
compelled to omit them, they being too 
many to commit to writing ; and posterity 
would have never heard a word about the 
" Great Councel of Jews " either, if many 
honest Christians had not desired that the 
account should be published which he "did 
intend only to communicate to private 
friends (by conference)," the chief argument 
by which they "perswaded" him to do it 
being because they did conceive it to be a 
preparative and hopeful sign of the Jews' 
conversion, and that it would be glad tidings 
to the Church of Christ. 

Our author then proceeds to tell in great 
detail all about that "Great Councel," 
namely, how 300 "rabbles" had assembled 
from several parts of the world to examine 
the Scriptures concerning Christ. The plain 
of " Ageda " was considered most convenient 
for the purpose, as that part of the country 
was not much inhabited because of the 
continual wars between the Turk and the 
King of Hungary, viz., Ferdinand III., whom 
he does not name. There had been two 
sanguinary battles fought on the plain—so 
at least he was informed. Both sovereigns 
granted the necessary permit to hold the 
Council there. Tents were erected for the 
accommodation of the delegates, and pro- 
visions collected from other parts of the 
country. One large tent was especially 
conspicuous ; it was almost four-square, and 
was intended for the sittings of the Council. 
It was surrounded by railings to keep out 
all strangers and all applicants who could 
not prove themselves to be " Jews by record," 
or were unable to dispute in the Hebrew 
tongue. The delegates were especially from 
Spain, France, and those parts of Italy 
which belonged to the King of Spain, that is, 
Naples and Sicily. Those who could not 
prove their tribe and family had to stay 
outside with the Gentiles. Out of 800 appli- 
cants 300 only were admitted ; but the 
rest remained there with the strangers to 
see the issue of the proceedings. The crowd 
of Gentiles and rejected Jews outside the 
railings consisted of above 3,000 persons — if 
I understand our author correctly — who were 



" for the most part Germans, Almaines [sic], 
Dalmatians, and Hungarians," with some 
Greeks, but few Italians, and not one Eng- 
lishman besides Samuel Brett himself that 
he could hear of. 

Our author was informed that the King of 
Hungary was not favouring the reformed 
religion, and therefore did not give en- 
couragement to any Protestant churches 
to send any divines thither. That informa- 
tion was, no doubt, correct, and the absence 
of Protestant divines from Hungary proper 
quite natural ; but what about the Prince 
of Transylvania, George Ilakoczy II., the 
staunch champion of the Protestant religion 1 
All that Ferdinand III. did allow was, 
according to Brett, that some " assistants " 
should be sent from Rome, and " their coming 
thither did prove a great unhappiness to 
this hopeful Councel." 

Brett interviewed one of the Council, and 
was told that some of the Jews were inclined 
to believe that Christ was come, but the 
Pharisees — some of whom were present — 
would not yield, for reasons duly set forth 
in the pamphlet. 

The doings of the Council are faithfully 
told day by day, and, oddly enough, the 
300 rabbis did not interrupt the proceedings 
even to keep the Sabbath, which we can 
hardly believe. 

At last, on the seventh day, six of the 
Roman clergy who, of purpose, were sent 
from Rome by the Pope to assist at the 
Council were called in. They were twc 
Jesuits, two friars of the Order of St. Augus- 
tine, and two of that of St. Francis. They 
set out their own views on the subject, ano 
their ej:7?ose must have fallen like a borabshel't 
among the Jewry assembled, to judge fron: 
the effect it produced. We are told the gooc 
rabbis fell into high clamours, and theii 
impatience sorely troubled the phlegmatic 
Briton. They rent their clothes, cast dus' 
upon their heads, and cried aloud: "Bias, 
phemy ! " It is almost needless to say tha j 



the Council broke up. There was a shor 
sitting on the eighth day, merely for thi 



St 



IW 



fsose 

for: 
siuLiiif^ ou Liie t;igiiu£i uay, merely lor tnijif 

purpose of adjourning the Council for threr f'l 

years, our author adding the informatioiliJ' 

that it was to reassemble at some place ii 

Syria 

" Ageda " has, by the tacit consent of a] 

writers, been identified hitherto with Nagy 

Ida, but evidently without any reason, if nc 

without rime. The castle of that name nea 

Kassa is famous in historic romance on accoun 

of the sad fate which befell its valiant gips 

defenders in the sixteenth century, wh 

began to boast too soon about the victor 

•~'i:.,:8 



ar; 



9'H s. XII. Aug. 15, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



123 



and were imprudent enough to call after the 
retreating besiegers that their defeat would 
have been more serious if the garrison's stock 
of gunpowder in the magazine had not 
given out. 

In conclusion, it should be stated that 
Hungarian history knows nothing about a 
Council of Jews in 1650 at "Ageda," or Nagy- 
Ida, or anywhere else within the kingdom, 
and Samuel Brett's account of it was evi- 
dently intended for a pious fraud. 

L. L. K. 

THE UNITED STATES AND ST. MAR- 
GARET'S, WESTMINSTER. 
(See ante, pp. 1, G3.) 
Most of the memorials in this church are 
of much interest, and although the career 
of Sir Walter Kaleigh marked him out as 
very fitting for recognition at the hands of 
the American people, yet I am not quite sure 
that another great Englishman to whom a 
memorial has been placed in this building by 
the munificence of our kin across the sea does 
not stand on a higher plane, for there are 
few persons in the English-speaking world 
who do not reverence John Milton as 
one of the brightest among our many 
sons of genius, and, great as the claims 
of Raleigh undoubtedly were, greater are 
those of the immortal author of ' Paradise 
Lost.' Of course, no real comparison can be 
drawn between them, as both are men of 
whom succeeding generations have been 
proud, and both deserved well of posterity — 
deserved more, I fear, than either of them 
got. It may be well, at starting, to point 
out why St. Margaret's Church was particu- 
larly suitable for a memorial of some 
description to keep in mind the worth 
!" Df this famous man. Irrespective of his 
'!' celebrity (after the Lord Protector, he 
"''3urely ranked as one of the foremost 
i^'men of the period), he was a parishioner 
^ )f St. Margaret's, as he resided in one of 
'*';hose substantial brick - built houses which 
"''ormerly stood in that historical part of Old 
tl" Qf"est minster known as Petty France, now 
t^ltork Street, from the Christmas quarter of 
4651 till the year of the Restoration, 1660. 
t was a pretty garden-house, next door to 
jord Scudamore's, opening into St. James's 
s'-'ark, and had been in the occupation of 
Mr. Robert Roane and his wife Martha 
no'.ntil our poet purchased for 60/. the interest 
h the lease, and removed hither from his 
Id official residence by Scotland Yard, White- 
's! all. We find his name in the assessment 
li'ook for raising the Army and Navy Main- 
Obnance Tax in 1655, the item being " Mr. 



John Milton, 2s. Gd. and 4.s.," the first being 
the assessment on his " rent," and the second 
on his "estate." This house was in our 
own times known as No. 19, York Street, 
closely adjacent to the Niagara Hall, but 
had been quite demolished by the middle 
of the year 1882. It was here that Milton 
performed the work devolving upon him 
as Cromwell's Latin Secretary ; it was liere 
that his great and unspeakable calamity — ■ 
total blindness — fell upon him ; and it was 
here that he resided when he married his 
second wife, Katherine, the daughter of Capt. 
Woodcock, of Hackney. In the parish register 
for 1656 is to be seen the record of the pub- 
lication of the banns : "John Milton, of this 
parish, Esq., and Mrs. Katherin Woodcocke, 
of the parish of Aldermanbury, spinster, pub- 
lished October 22, 27, November 3." The banns 
were published simultaneously at St. Mary's, 
Aldermanbury ; and on 12 November Milton 
was married before Alderman Dethicke, 
J. P., probably in the Guildhall, London, as 
per Masson's 'Life of Milton,' first edition, 
1877, vol. V. p. 282. One daughter was the 
issue of this marriage, the birth appearing in 
the register under the heading " Births : dayes 
of entrance," thus : " 1657, Oct. 19, Katherin 
Milton, d. to John, Esq., by Katherin." In 
days gone by people seem to have had a 
propensity for scribbling on all registers, and 
some one has added the words, " This is 
Milton, Oliver's Secretary." Shortlived, in- 
deed, was the happiness of the poet, for both 
mother and child died soon after, and both 
were buried in St. Margaret's Church. The 
burial entries read : — 

1657, Feb. 10, Mrs. Katherin Milton. 
1657, March '20, Mrs. Katherin Milton. C. 

The C. of the second entry means child, and 
the date according to the present calendar 
is 1658. 

Undoubtedly in this church Milton, 
"Prince of Poets," frequently worshipped, 
so that it will be seen that a memorial was 
in no way out of order, but a thing to be 
devoutly wished for. The lack of imposing 
monuments to Milton in England has been 
frequently commented on, and in 1886, in an 
article from the pen of Archdeacon Farrar 
on ' The Share of America in Westminster 
Abbey,' subsequently published in Harpers 
Magazine^ these words were used : — 

" There are, perhaps, fewer memorials of Milton 
than of any Englishman of the same transcendent 
greatness. I am extremely desirous to erect a 
worthy window in his honour in the church of St. 
Margaret, close beside the Abbey. Our register 
contains the record of his marriage to Catherine 
Woodcock, his second wife, in 1656, and also records 
in the following year her death and that of her 



121 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9'" s. xii. aug. 15, im 



infant daughter. It was to her that he addressed 
the noble sonnet which begins : — 

Methought I saw my late espoused saint 
Come to me, like Alcestis, from the grave. 
Milton's connexion with the church of St. Margaret 
was therefore very close, and if any of his American 
admirers are willing to assist me in my design, I 
shall on iniblic grounds most heartily welcome their 
inuuiticence. They have already beautified this tine 
old historic church by their splendid gift of a 
window in honor of Sir Walter Raleigh, whose 
headless body lies under the altar. Milton ha,s 
even higher claims on their gratitude and admi- 
ration." 

All the letters written upon this matter are 
of much interest, but I fear too long to be 
quoted at any length, therefore extracts will 
have to suffice. One was written bj' Arch- 
deacon Fairar to Mr. G. W. Cliilds, of Phila- 
delphia, in November, 1886. In this many of 
the words just given were repeated, and to 
it the latter gentleman replied byoffenng 
to contribute such a memorial as his friend 
should deem suitable. On 4 February, 1887, 
the Archdeacon wrote from St. Margaret's 
Rectory, 17, Dean's Yard, stating that he 
did not " write at once to express his 
delight and heartfelt gratitude" for the offer, 
as he wished to give full particulars. These 
are supplied at considerable length, as well 
as much information concerning the poet, it 
being added that the formal acceptance of 
the offer would be delayed until the donor 
had been "informed of the cost and character 
of the proposed window"; and further, that 
the artist would not be set to work until 
sanction was received in a subsequent letter. 
It may be well to remark that something 
said in a previous communication had been 
misunderstood by Mr. Childs, for Dr. Farrar, 
in this letter, says : — 

" I did not say that Milton himself was buried at 
St. Margaret's, but that he was married in the 
church, was closely connected with it through the 
Parliament (for it is and always has been the church 
of the House of Conmions), and that his dearest 
wife, the one to whom he wrote the immortal 
sonnet which begins— 

Methought I saw my late espoused saint — 

was buried in the church, as was his child, wholly 
without memorial." 

In this is a strange error for one like Dr. 
Farrar, who was steeped to his finger-tips 
in the lore of this old clmrch, to have made. 
As we have seen, Milton was not married 
here, but in the City of London, in which 
his wife was, and liad been, a resident. Mr. 
Childs was told that the window would be 
worthy of Milton, worthy of the church, 
and worthy of his munificence. To this was 
received a rei^ly, dated 10 February, iu which 
Mr. Childs states that he has but "one 



thought with regard to the memorial, which 
is that I am particularly anxious that you 
should write the inscription," all other 
matters being left to the " taste and good 
judgment " of the Archdeacon. With this 
came the draft for an amount which 
covered the entire cost of the work. On 
5 March this letter was replied to, and Mr. 
Childs informed that the window, " which 
will be a very beautiful one, will be proceeded 
with"; the writer going on to say: — 

"You cannot tell how much I am pleased that one 
of the greatest, purest, and least commemorated of 
English poets should receive one more testimony to 
the immortal gratitude which is his due, and that the 
memorial to this mighty Puritan should come from 
the land of the Pilgrim Fathers, and be placed in 
the church of the House of Commons, with which 
he was so closely connected." 

In another letter, written on 19 March, Dr. 
Farrar briefly sketches the design and gives 
a " general conception of the mode of treat- 
ment." He goes on to say : — 

" In the centre is Milton dictating to his daughter 
the ' Paradise Lost ' ; underneath is a scene from 
his student life, and his visit to Galileo. All 
around are scenes from ' Paradise Lost' and 'Para- 
dise Regained.' Above are the rejoicing angels, 
the figures of Adam and our Lord." 

W. E. Harland-Oxley. 
Westminster. 

{To he continued.) i 



Leo XIII. : Chronogram. — The Germania, 

a German paper, has published the following 

clever chronogram on the death of the Pope: — 

t Leo XIII. 

qVI qVInqVe et VIgIntI 

AN^'os eX VIta fVIt 

pontIfeX L>eI 
IVb ILaeI sVI anno 

MortVVs est. 
reqVIesCat In paCe ! 

It consists of 93 letters (the age of the dead 
Pope), forming 20 words arranged in 7 lines 
(he died on the 20th day of the seventh 
month), and the figures added together giva 
the year 1903. L. L. K. 

Pasquil against the Surgeons of Popei 
Leo XIII. — The following pasquil, or pas- 
quinade, which is said to have been affixed 
upon the columns of St. Peter's in Rome on 
the morning of 13 July, may perhaps find a 
corner in your columns (although it appears 
to be neither true nor hen trovato, considering, 
that the Pope's life was, indeed, prolonged 
by his medical attendants' united efforts) : — 

Si dice che la forza deriva dall' unione ; 
Infatti, due Somari uccidono un Leone. 

They say that strength is derived from union ; 
Indeed, two Asses kill one Lion [Leo XIII.]. 

H. K. 



01 

se 

k 
ne 

k 

Ci> 

til! 
tl\- 

apj 
lis. 
raci 
oil 
tar 
bari 
ifli 
Je« 
Kie! 
the 
art, 



i)'>" s. XII. Aug. 15, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



125 



"The beginning of a new century."— 
Dr. Moore, the celebrated Dante scholar, 
makes a curious slip in his life of the poet in 
the 1889 edition of 'Chambers's Encyclo- 
ppedia.' He says that Dante was one of the 
six priors of Florence " in the ever-memorable 
year 1300, the mezzo cammino of his own life, 
when he was thirty-five years old, the begin- 
ning of a new centwij, the year of the first 
Jubilee at Kome." In writing thus the 
learned doctor had momentarily forgotten 
that the hundredth year, although the figures 
change then, is but the completion of the old 
century, not the beginning of a new one 
Attention has often been called in ' N. & Q.' 
to this fact, but as the slip occurs in a 
standard work of reference it may be worth 
correction. J. R. 

Quaint Inaccuracy in a Modern Novel. 
— Recently, whilst an invalid, I read one of 
Miss Braddon's novels, 'The Conflict.' The 
hero of this daring story is represented to 
have been (apparently in the late eighties) 
an undergraduate at Balliol, and whilst there 
to have kept a dog in his rooms in college. 
The dog slept on his bed every night, and by 
licking his master's face in the early morning 
made it impossible for the said master to be 
late for chapel. It is thirty years and more 
since I left Oxford, but I cannot believe that 
during that time any relaxation has taken 
place in the rule that sternly forbade the 
admission of a dog within college walls. 

J. B. 

Lombard. — It is noteworthy that this name, 
as applied to Jews, occurs with great fre- 
quency in ante-expulsion deeds and docu- 
ments. It is strange, however, that no Jews 
of Italian or Lombardian nationalitj' ever 
set foot on English soil. The solution of 
the difticulty consists in this. The common 
herd, impregnated with insular prejudice, 
never took pains to discriminate between 
foreigners and separate nationalities, and to 
them any alien possessing an abundance of 
cash was naturally a Lombardian, seeing 
that Lombardy sent hither many representa- 
tives who flourished as money-lenders. The 
application of the term is best shown with 
regard to two wealthy members of the Jewish 
race residing at Winchester, one at the end 
of the twelfth century, the other some half cen- 
tury later. The former appears as the Lum- 
bard of Winton — not his actual name— for 
in the Roll of 1194, containing the list of 
Jews who contributed to the ransom of 
Richard I., we obtain a glimpse of him under 
the form of Aser (=Asher) Lumbard. In the 
same way Samarias is often cited as a Jewish 



money-lender, and in the Pipe Roll of 1240 
he blossoms forth as Samarias Lumbard. In 
Marlborough tSolomon ben (son of) Solomon 
appears often, and as variants we meet him 
as Lumbard fil Solomon, Solomon fil Lum- 
bard, but more frequently as Lumbard fil 
Lumbard, that is to say Banker fil Banker, 

M. D. Davis. 

" First catch your hare." — The Mar- 
chioness of Londonderry records a conversa- 
tion she had at a dinner party with Prince 
Metternich at Vienna in 1840, when, as to 
good singers, the prince observed : — 

" Selon nioi, c'est comnie la recette pour faire la 
soupe au lievre : preniierement il faut attraper votre 
lievre ; done premierement, pour chanter, il faut 
une belle voix." — ' Narrative of a Visit to the Courts 
of Vienna,' &c. (London, 1844). 

It would be interesting to know whether the 
prince translated Mrs. Glasse, or whether he 
quoted from a French cookery book. 

L. L. K. 

Dr. Edmond Halley. (See d^^ S. x. sGl ; 
xi. 85, 205, 366, 463, 496.)— In Nature for 
8 March, 1894 (xlix. 442), ;' Prof. Glasenapp 
announces that the computing bureau estab- 
lished by the Russian Astronomical Society 
has undertaken the calculation of the true 
path of Halley's comet, with a view to pre- 
dicting the exact date of the next return." 

Halley's chsivta.— Nature, Hi. (1895), 79, 106, 
197, 343 ; liv. (1896), 126, 196. 

" The Picture of Dr. Edmund Halley 
(Savilian Professor of Geometry) done exactly 
like him by Mr. Tho. Murray, who gave it, 
is lately placed in the Gallery of the Bodleian 
Library." Cp. ' Remarks and Collections of 
Thomas Hearne,' iv. 257, entry 13 November 
(Fri.), 1713, printed for the Oxford Historical 
Society, Oxford, 1898. 

Incidentally, the writer takes occasion to 
observe that Hearne's additional remarks, 
doubtfully made in the same paragraph {q.v.), 
have been refuted in ' N. & Q.,' 3''' S. v. 107-8 
(1864). 

Anticipating publication of Hearne's ' Re- 
marks ' for 1727, attention is called to that 
portion of Sir R. S. Ball's popular memoir of 
Halley (' Great Astronomers,' London, 1895, 
177) which clearly disposes of Hearne's state- 
ment (cp. ' Diet. Nat. Biog.,' xxiv. 107) to the 
eftect that Newton's death was hastened by 
a dispute with Halley, shortly before. 

MS. life of Halley, by Israel Lyons (?). 
Cp. ' Diet. Nat. Biog.; xxiv. 109 ; xxxiv. 357, 
358 ; Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical 
Society (S. P. Rigaud), ix. 206, note, London, 
1836. Is there more than one such MS. ? If 
so, are they preserved at Oxford or Cam- 
bridge ? 



126 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9"> s. xii. aug. 15, 1903. 



There is some reason to believe that Sir 
David Brewster and Prof. S. P. Piigaud were 
familiar with a manuscript record of the 
birth of Dr. Edmond Halley's children. Each 
makes a statement whicli is more specific 
than has so far been discovered in any other 
printed autliority. An examination of the 
Piigaud papers in the Bodleian Library, made 
for the writer, did not reveal any such data. 

" He had several children, both sons and 
daughters, some of whom died in infancy " 
(Sir D. Brewster in ' Imperial Diet, of Univ. 
Biog.,'ii. 788, n.d.). 

"In 1682 he married, and soon had a 
family rising round him" ('Hist. Essay on 
Newton's " Principia,"' S. P. Rigaud, p. 36, 
Oxford, 1838). 

" Several other children, who died in their 
infancy" ('Biog. Brit.,' iv. 2517. London, 
1757). 

"II avoit eu de son mariage un fils & deux 
filles ; le fils est mort long-temps avant lui, 
les filles vivent encore, Tune dans le celibat, 
I'autre mariee pour la seconde fois, & toutes 
deux fort estimees " ('Eloge de M. Halley,' 
' Memoires de I'Academie des Sciences,' 
Paris, 1742, ' Histoire,' p. 188). 

Small collections of ' Notes on Dr. Edmond 
Halley,' comprising magazines, pamphlets, 
photographic facsimiles of documents, &c., 
have respectively been deposited in libraries 
named below : — 

Bodleian Library, Oxford, 28 May, 1903. 

British Museum, London, 13 June, 1903. 

Chicago Public Library, Chicago, Accession 
No. 209,179. 

John Crerar Library, Chicago, 1 May, 1903. 

These collections of ' Notes ' are not iden- 
tical — i.e., portions of eacli are not contained 
in another ; yet there is no conflict of state- 
ment. 

Corrections : — 'N. & Q.,' 0'^ S. xi., p. 85, 
col. 2, 1. 6 from bottom, for " 1902 " read 1903. 
Ibid., p. 366, col. 1, 1. 3 from bottom, for 
" Bazamville " read Bazanville. 

Eugene Fairfield McPike. 

1, Park Row, P.ooni 606, Chicago, U.S. 

Roscommon and Pope.— In his "Autobio- 
graphy," chap, xvii., William Bell Scott says 
that he found this inscription on one of the 
window-panes in the ancient vicarage of 
St. John's Lea, near Hexham : — 

Indecent words admit of no defence, 
For want of modesty is want of sense. 

He explains that this was one of several 
quotations written on the glass, and that in 
each case the execution displayed "a crisp fine 
hand contemporary with the poet quoted." 
This is very interesting, but its value is 



somewhat discounted by the autobiographer's 
further remarks. He attributes the couplet 
to Pope (who, of course, says much about 
sense here and there), and he accuses the 
" bard of Twickenham," as he calls him, of 
singularly inconsequent reasoning, seeing that 
he here " suggests an excuse while he is tell- 
ing us the fault admits of none." Scott's 
editor, the late Prof. Minto, seems to have 
been satisfied with the passage, as he leaves . 
it untouched ; but surely, whatever be its 
logical quality, it is a misquotation from the 
Earl of Roscommon's 'Essay on Translated 
Verse.' If one may trust a reprint, this is 
the correct reading of the couplet : — 

Immodest words admit of no defence ; 
For want of decency is want of sense. 

Roscommon, though not illustrating high 
poetic quality in his work, must be credited 
with dexterous management of the heroic 
couplet before Pope was born. Presumably 
he acted on his own advice to translators 
and ^ wrote j" with painful care, but seeming 
easiness." Thomas Bayne. 

Rabbits and Rheumatism. — The following 
is from the Globe of 6 August : — 

" In the course of an inquest at Spitaltields yester- 
day it was staled that the deceased had lived and 
slept in one room in which several rabbits were 
running about, her husband having been told that 
'live rabbits were a good cure for rheumatism.' 
This rivals some of the superstitions that are still 
prevalent in Cornwall, where many of the villagers 
tirndy believe that the way to cure whooping-cough 
is to tie a hairy caterpillar in a muslin bag to the 
chest of the patient. When the caterpillar dies, 
the cougii is supposed to leave the sufferer." 

John B. Wainewright. 

" Clameur de haro": " Crier hard. "—In 
the Intermediaire for 10 December, 1902, 
there is an article by Capitaine Paimblant 
du Rouil on the old Norman practice of 
crj'ing Jtaro. The article contains a passage 
which may possibly be of interest to anti- 
quarian readers of ' N. & Q.' The captain 
says : — 

"This custom, without effect now in Normandy, 
where the /■e/ere takes its place, has still the force 
of law in the Anglo - Norman islands. In 1S7"2 a 
tenancier of a parish in Jersey considered himself 
injured by the opening of a public road across his 
property. Having repaired to the place concerned, 
he knelt down, and, with crossed arms, cried out : 
'Ah I IioWon, mon due et mon prince, on me fait 
violence! je demande justice: Haro! Haro! 
Haro ! ' At this cry the navvies, ceasing all work, 
laid down their tools. The constable of the parish, 
being warned, ran to Saint -Helier to fetch the 
members of the court, and, soon after, sixteen 

magistrates arrived with the hail/i and the 

procnreur-f/cneral. The tenancier had i^ut all justice 
in precipitate movement." 



gt'^ s. xii. Auo. 15, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



127 



Tenancier, I may add, is a feudal term in 
origin. It means one who cultivates land 
held of a fief, a franc femincier being a man 
who holds such property witli the rights 
redeemed. Now, however, the word some- 
times signifies the occupier of a small farm 
dependent on a larger one. 

A Descendant of Duke Hollo. 

Imaginary ok Invented Saints.— Writing 
of St. Mirin of Paisley, Dr. Metcalfe says : — 

" Some have gone so far as to doubt his existence 
altogether ; but there is no reason for doing so. 
However wild the legends about a saint may be, 
the saint himself is always the substantial element 
among them. Imagination may invent the miracles, 
but it does not invent the saint." 

In a foot-note the writer adds : — 

"The imaginations of some railway officials, 
however, have managed to do this. In Fife they 
have invented a ' St. Fort.' " — ' Charters and Docu- 
ments relating to the Burgh of Paisley (1163-16()o),' 
190*2, J), xviii. 

Another imaginary or ghost saint is well 
known here in St. Enoch, who has been 
evolved from St. Thenew, the mother of 
St. Kentigern. There is also a modern parish 
(quoad sacra) in Dundee called St. Enoch's, 
and this is more mysterious, for there was no 
cult of St. Thenew in Dundee. 

William George Black. 

Ramoyle, Dowanhill Gardens, Glasgow. 



We must request correspondents desiring infor- 
mation on family matters of only private interest 
to affix their names and addresses to their q^ueries, 
in order that the answers may be addresiod to them 
direct. 



OspREYS. — When was the term "ospreys' 
first used in place of egrets or aigrettes — 
that is, to represent the dorsal and ventral 
plumes of the egret herons 1 These plumes 
seem to be imported as "egrets" and retailed 
as "ospreys." R. Hedger Wallace. 

[The earliest instance in the ' H.E.D.' is from the 
Fall Mall Gazette of 29 Jan., 1885.1 

Beyle : Stendhal.— I recently bought a 
copy of the ' Lettres Historiques, &c., de 
Henri Saint-John, Lord Vicomte Boling- 
broke,' edited by General Grimoard, and 
published at Paris in 1808 in 3 vols. It came 
from the library of the Conte Cav. Domenico 
Vestini, of Naples. On the front cover of 
vol. i. and on the back cover of vol. iii. is 
the following address : " Monsieur, Monsieur 
De Beyle, Commissaire des Guerres, Bruns- 
wick, troupes francaises," with a signature 
which, I think, reads " B. Farre." 



Henri Beyle was at Brunswick from 1806 
to November, 1808. A note on p. 331 of 
Stryienski's edition of the journal says that 
Beyle was "Intendant des Domaincs de 
I'Empereur, a Brunswick." I am not aware 
that Henri Beyle ever used the " De." Pro- 
bably this was an addition by the bookseller 
or some one who sent the books. As Beyle left 
Brunswick in November or December, 1808, 
these volumes may never have reached him. 
The sort of life he led did not favour the 
collection of a library. Is anything known 
about his books'? J. V. H. 

Godalraiug. 

Peter the Great in England.— 

" Lorsque le Czar Pierre le Grand vint en Angle- 
terre, il y vit M. Halley, et il le trouva digne de 
la reputation qui le lui avoit annonce." — 'Eloge de 
M. Halley,' ' Memoires de 1' Academic des Sciences,' 
Paris, 1742, 'Histoire,' p. 186. 

" M. Folkes, que ses talens et son S(^avoir ont 
place k la tete de la Societe Royale, ami de M. 
Halley, son successeur dans I'Academie des Sciences, 
et a qui nous devons la plus grande partie des 
Memoires dont nous avions besoin pour cet Eloge 
''—Ibid., p. 181. 

It would be interesting to know if the 
original MS. drawn up by Folkes is still pre- 
served in the Parisian archives. Can any 
correspondent refer me to a bibliography of 
the sojourn of Peter the Great in England 1 
Eugene Fairfield McPike. 

1, Park Row, Room 606, Chicago, U.S. 

Modern Forms of Animal Baiting.— The 
following is taken from the Sun of 30 July : 

"An illustrated contemporary has a double-ijage 
drawing of a Chmese cricket match of a kind quite 
unknown at Lord's or the Oval. The crickets are 
of the domestic variety, and are trained to fight 
single-round contests while betting proceeds briskly. 
There are, by-the-by, many curious battles fought 
in English villages of which the outside world 
never hears. In a Buckingham spot in the hills 
by Wendover recently I heard of a buck rabbit 
duel; and 'Billy' Sprague tells a curious story 
of beetle-killing contests by hedgehogs. And rat- 
killing is almost a weekly occurrence in London." 

So that a record may be made of the 
"many curious battles fought in English 
villages of which the outside world never 
hears," will readers kindly note the details 
about any that they have seen or heard of ? 

R. Hedger Wallace. 

HoLBORN Casino. — Will some reader of 
'N. & Q.' kindly refer me to a book giving 
some account of this casino ? Does the 
present Holborn Restaurant stand on any 
portion of the site of the old Casino 1 

B. N. T. 

Nature Study. — When was this term first 
employed to designate certain aspects of 



128 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [O"- s. xii. aug. is, 1903. 



natural-history teaching in schools J I believe 
it was first used in this connexion by the 
authorities of Cornell University in the 
nineties. Perhaps some American reader 
will note the history of this term, the subject 
having been first introduced into schools in 
the United States. R. Hedger Wallace. 
University College School, London. 

Miss Charlotte Walpole. — Would an 
obliging reader answer the following query? 
In what year and at what age was Miss 
Charlotte Walpole (later Mrs. Atkyns, 
Duchess [?] of Ketteringham), according to 
the records of Drury Lane Theatre for the 
years 1750-1800, admitted as an actress in 
the said theatre, and in what year did she 
abandon her artistic career ? 

(Madame) C. Barbey-Boissier. 

Valleyres, par Orbe, Vaud, Switzerland. 

Shops in Cheapside in 1650.— In his settle- 
ment of 20 February, 1649/50, Sir Peter 
Osborne, Dorothy's father, included 

.'all those five Messuages, with th' appurtenances 
]n Cheapside in the parish of St. Mary Colechurch 
^u London, called or knowne by the severall names 
of the White Harte, the Ball, the Woolsacke, the 
Sugarloafe, and the Brush with all Shopps, Cel- 
lars, Sollars and the reversions and all 

rents reserved or jaayable uppon demise, 

leases, or grants." 

Can any one tell me anything about any of 
these shops? F. J. Fuenivall. 

Stafford. — It is stated in Kelly's 'County 
Directory,' and also in Cassell's ' Gazetteer,' 
that Staflbrd is called by the name Betheney 
in the ' Saxon Chronicle.' Such, however, is 
not the case ; that town appears in the 
' Chronicle ' (a.d. 913) under its present name. 
The ' Encyclopfedia Britannica ' says that 
" the site was at first known as Berteliney 
or Betheney, from the island on which the 
earliest houses were built." No authority 
is given for this statement. Referring to 
Camden (Cough's edition, vol. ii. p. 376, col. 2), 
we read : — 

"From thence [the neighbourhood of Eccleshall 
and Ellenhall] the Sow jiasses by Staford, antiently 
Statford, but first by Betheiiei/, where Berthelin 
formerly lived the life of a hermit with the reputa- 
tion of great sanctity." 

This seems to mean rather that Betheney 
was a small place on the river above Stafford 
than that it was a former name of Stafford 
itself. Capgrave mentions the building of 
Stafford and other towns by EthelHeda ; but, 
like the ' Chronicle,' he calls it by its present 
name. Can any of your readers throw further 
light upon this ? Perhaps residents of Stafford 
may know whether there is now a small place 



above the town called Betheney, or something 
like it. W. T. Lynn. 

Blackheath. 

"Betwixt the devil and the deep sea." 
— Can any reader tell me who is the author of 
this phrase, or how it originated 1 The ordi- 
nary works of reference do not mention it. 

Dudley James. 

(Froude translates " Inter sacrum ex saxuni," 
used by Erasmus in a letter to Pirkheimer, " Be- • 
tween the shrine and the stone." It should be 
" Between the victim and the stone knife." This is 
held by scholars to be the Latin equivalent for 
" Between the devil and the deep sea." See 8"' S. 
xi. '264, 336.1 

"Cold shoulder": "Turn the tables." 
— Have the two phrases " to give a person 
the cold shoulder " and " to turn the tables " 
on some one ever been satisfactorily ex- 
plained ? G. Krueger. 

Berlin. 

[The 'H.E.D.' suggests that "Cold shoulder" 
comes from the cold shoulder being an unpalatable 
dish. Suggested explanations of " Turning the 
tables " are found P' S. iii. 276 ; xi. 94.] 

John Angier. — On behalf of a corre- 
spondent at Boston, U.S., will you allow me to 
ask for information concerning John Angier, 
born 1629, and presumably son of the Rev. 
John Angier, of Denton, Lancashire 1 A John 
Angier graduated at Harvard College in 
1653 ; he was in Boston, Mass., 1651 to 1655. 
He married there and had two or three 
children ; in 1655 he disappeared with all 
his family. There is evidence that he was 
the son of the Rev. John Angier, of Denton, 
but no absolute proof. Is there any record 
of him in England from 1655, or of his 
children 1 What were the names of his wife 
and children, and what the date and place 
of his death 1 

If they are of interest to any one, my 
correspondent, Mr. E. H. Whorf, Room 17, 
143, Federal Street, Boston, will gladly 
furnish copies of the records on the other 
side. W. G. Walter. 

Welsh Dictionary. — - 1 should be very 
much obliged if any one could tell me 
whether there has ever been published a good 
dictionary of the literary Welsh language, 
written in Welsh, for Welshmen. 

Comestor Oxoniensis. 

The Mother op Ninus. — Can any one 
tell me the name of the mother of Ninus? 
Reference is made to this lady by Camoens 
in the 'Lusiads,' iii. 126, together with 
Romulus and Remus. These three are 
cited by Ignez de Castro as examples of 



9''> s. XII. AUG. 15, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



129 



persons to whom pity was shown by birds 
and beasts of prey. 

COMESTOR OXONIENSIS. 

Johnson's 'Lives of the Poets.'— Johnson 
in the ' Life of Savage ' (' Lives,' iii. 296, 
1783 edition) has this sentence : — 

" Mr. Miller introduced him [Savage] in a farce 
and directed him to be personated on the stage in a 
dress like that which he then wore ; a mean insult 
which only intimated that Savage had but one 
coat." 

Cunningham in his edition of the ' Lives ' 
(ii. 414) says it was the facetious Joe Miller, 
who died 15 August, 1738, but I cannot find 
that he wrote any plays. 

It seems more probable that it was James 
Miller, rector of Upcerne, and author of 
'The Humours of Oxford,' 'The Coffee- 
House,' 'Art and Nature,' 'The Man of 
Taste,' and ' The Universal Passion.' In 
' The Coffee-House ' one of the characters 
is Bays, a poet, but he does not resemble 
Savage, nor are there, I think, any directions 
about his dress. "Julio, a Savage," appears 
in ' Art and Nature,' but he can hardly be a 
caricature of Richard Savage. 'Mr. Taste; 
or, _ the Poetical Fop' (2'"' S. xii. 293), 
which caricatures Pope, was never, I think, 
put upon the stage. Neither Baker nor 
Genest makes any mention of caricatures 
of Savage by Miller. Did James Miller write 
any other plays, or was Johnson only giving 
some fancied grievance of Savage's, the crea- 
tion of his diseased and suspicious mind ? 

In the 'Life of Garth' ('Lives,' ii. 298), 
Johnson, alluding to Pope's belief that Garth 
had "died in the communion of the Church 
of Home," writes : — 

"It is observed by Lowth that there is less 
distance than is thought between scepticism and 
popery, and that a mind wearied with perpetual 
doubt willingly seeks repose in the bosom of an 
infallible church." 

It has been suggested that this is not 
Robert Lowth, the bishop, but his father, 
William Lowth, the author of a 'Commen- 
tary upon the Prophets.' I should be grateful 
for any light that will help me to trace 
Lowth's observation. H. S. S. 

"Gardening, man's primeval work." — 
Any information regarding the source of the 
following lines will be gratefully received : — 

Gardening, man's primeval work, 

Is a most blessed toil ; 

It cheers a man. 

Makes him kind-hearted, social, genial, 

Forms a serene parenthesis from care, 

And his whole nature raises and improves. 

G. M. WOODROW. 
5, Huntly Terrace, N. Kelvinside, Glasgow. 



Harley Family. — I seek information con- 
cerning Thomas Harley, citizen of London, 
or his brother Nicholas, the families they 
married into, and the business they were 
engaged in. Thomas Harley married firstly 
Joan, widow of Ralph Olive or Oliff, citizen 
of London ; secondly Mary, widow of Wil- 
liam Kempster, citizen of London. In the 
registers of St. Thomas the Apostle, London, 
I have found the following entries : — 

"1641, March 5.— Joane, wife of Thomas Harley, 
burial." 

"1636, August 3.— Ralph Oliff or Olive, cooper, 
burial." 

In the registers of St. James's, Clerkenwell : 
" 1646, June 21.— Susanna, daughter of Nicholas 
Harley and Sarah, baptized." 

The above-mentioned Thomas Harley died 
16 January, 1670, and was buried at Osga^ 
thorpe, Leicestershire. W. Harley Hind. 

26, Swaine Street, Bradford, Yorkshire. 

[This query was asked 9"' S. iv. 209, and remains 
unanswered. Inquiries after the same family were 
made under the signature AldkobandUs, 1»' S. vii. 
454.] 

AiTKEN Surname, — Can any reader of 
' N. & Q.' give me information respecting 
the derivation of the above Scottish surname? 
According to some authorities it is derived 
from the surname Arthur or a diminutive 
thereof. Are there any old forms of the 
name which would lead one to suppose that 
such is the case 1 Information respecting 
any genealogy connected with the name 
would be welcome. King Arthur. 

Longfellow's 'Wreck of the Hesperus.' 
— Where is the "Reef of Norman's Woe " men- 
tioned in this poem 1 I have not been able 
to find it in any atlas. If it is a real place 
has it any connexion with the loss of the 
" White Ship " in the reign of Henry I. ? 

Alexander Patrick. 

Gibbon's 'Roman Empire' and Memoirs. 
— What is the value of Gibbon's ' Decline 
and Fall of the Roman Empire,' first edition, 
quarto size, in good condition, dated as 
follows : vol. i., 1776 ; ii. and iii., 1781 ; iv., 
v., and vi., 1788? Also,what is that of 'Miscel- 
laneous Works of E. Gibbon,' with memoirs 
of his life and writings by himself, in 2 vols., 
first edition, dated 1796, in good condition? 

H. Madge. 

179, Grove Lane, S.E. 

Hambleton Tribe.— Can any of your Trans- 
atlantic readers kindly explain a reference 
to " Hambleton Tribe," used as if the name 
of a district, in a presentment of the Bermuda 
Assizes, 11 Nov., 1650? 

E. Lega-Weekes. 



130 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9'^ s. xii. aug. 15, 1903. 



FLEP]TWOOD FAMILY. 
(Qth S. xii. 27.) 

I CAN reply to the last part of Sir E. T. 
Bewley's query. Mr. Earwaker's pedigree of 
the Fleetwoods has never been printed. Upon 
the last occasion when I enjoyed the privi- 
lege of a visit to Mr. Earwaker he showed to 
me the MS., which was then in but an early 
stage of preparation. Some additions were 
doubtless afterwards made to it, but I do not 
think that they could have been very numer- 
ous, inasmuch as Mr. Earwaker's lamented 
death occurred not long afterwards. 

A full pedigree of this interesting family 
would indeed be of great value, but so far, 
I believe, has never been compiled. I bave 
collected some notes of more or less value, 
which I should be willing to communicate to 
any one who might feel disposed to take the 
matter in hand. The chief, but not the sole, 
difficulty is with the descendants of Sir Wil- 
liam Fleetwood, of Cardington, Beds, and 
Cranford, INIiddlesex, who had a numerous 
family, who founded several interesting 
branches, and from whom most of the historic 
Fleetwoods are derived. Of Lady Lambart's 
brothers Thomas and John I have ascertained 
nothing, beyond that Thomas was admitted 
to Gray's Inn 11 March, 1600/1, as "son of 
William Fleetwood, of Cranfield [sic], Midx.," 
and that John is said to have been knighted, 
though there appears to be no definite evi- 
dence of this. That one of these brothers 
should be the founder of the Irish branch at 
Kilbeggan is a most valuable suggestion, 
opening up an entirely new field for research. 

W. D. Pink. 

Winslade, Lowton, Newton-Ie-Willows. 

Thomas Fleetwood does not appear to have 
been either at Oxford or Cambridge. There 
is no work by the late J. P. Earwaker on 
the Fleetwood family in the British Museum 
Catalogue. It is to be hoped that his notes 
will be published, as they are sure to be of 
great interest. So little seems to be known 
of the Fleetwoods in Ireland that I venture 
to give a list of some I have come across, in 
the hope that it may elicit information as to 
their parentage and descendants, and possibly 
clear up the Fleetwood ancestry of the Mark- 
ham fan^ily (vide 'Westminster Abbey Regis- 
ters ' and ' Fam. Min. Gentium,' both Harleian 
Society), which I believe is still doubtful. 

William Fleetwood, one of the Lord Lieu- 
tenant's gentlemen, 11 October, 1G67 (Hist. 
MSS. Commission, ' MSS. of the Marquis of 
Ormonde '). 



William Fleetwood, quartered at Athy : 
lieutenant of horse. Life Guards, 10 July, 
1680 (ibid.). 

William Fleetwood and Gustavus Fleet- 
wood,* brothers, mentioned in a letter of 
Col. Cooke to Ormonde, 4 August, 1679. He 
goes on to speak of the former " when his 
infirme carcas reaches his Irish home againe " 
(ibid.). 

Jo. Fleetwood, in garrison at Dublin, 1648, 
lieutenant to "Sarjant-Major Lambert " (Hist. 
MSS. Commission, ' MSS. of Trinity College, 
Dublin '). 

John Fleetwood , of Dublin, arrived in Cal- 
cutta in 1788 ; living in 1800 ('Bengal Kalen- 
dar and Almanack,' 1792, and ' New Oriental 
Eegister for 1800'). 

John Fleetwood, of Pragh, near TuUamore, 
married in 1716 Lydia, daughter of Robert 
Armstrong, of Gallen, King's County. 

Elizabeth Fleetwood, daughter of Fleet- 
wood, of CO. Tipperary, married Charles, son 
of Richard Maunsell, of Ballywilliam, co. 
Limerick (Burke's ' Commoners '). 

There were Fleetwoods residing in Dublin 
in the early part of last century. 

R. W. B. 

The parish registers of Stoke Newington 
contain many entries of the related families 
of Fleetwood, Hartop, Gould, St. John, Cooke, 
and Hurlock, from the year 1672 to 1793, 
which are given in 4^'> S. ix. 363. 

EvEEAED Home Coleman. 

71, Brecknock Road. 



Thackeray's Speeches (9^'^ S. xi. 488).— 
Mr. Melville will find the " original draft' 
of the speech delivered by Thackeray at the 
dinner given in his honour before he started 
for America in October, 1855, in George 
Hodder's ' Memories of my Time,' pp. 261-4. 

Walter Jeeeold. 

Hampton-on-Thanies. 

Sunflower (9*'' S. xii. 25).— There is no 
evidence that our modern sunflower owes its 
name to the fact that it was thought to turn 
with the sun. Gerard, who is, I believe, the 
first English writer who describes the flower, 
says, indeed, that this has been reported, but 
adds that he rather thinks the name was 
bestowed upon it because the flower "re- 
sembles the radiant beams of the Sunne." 

It is, of course, unnecessary to say that our 
sunflower is not the heliotrope of the ancients, 
related to it. 



or 



Gerard figures four helio- 



* Were these the sons of George Fleetwood, 
Swedish general and baron V Further, was Gus- 
tavus (Miles) identical with Gustavus Fleetwood, 
of Wandsworth, co. ISurrey, who died prior to 17-3? 



9''S.xiLAuG.i5,i903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



131 



tropes, or "tornesoles," and Lyte two; but 
even these were not so called because they 
turn with the sun, but (as Gerard puts it of 
one of them) " by reason it flowers in the 
former solstice, at which time the Sun, beinsj; 
the farthest gone from the Equinoctiall 
circle, returneth to the same " ; and he adds 
that in Italian the flower is called Turnesole 
bobo, in French tournsol ; and that some 
think it to be Herba Clytice, "into which the 
Poets feigne Clytia to be metamorphosed." 
The only flower (so far as I know) of which 
Gerard says that it has the property of 
" turning or keeping time with the Sun " is 
the sun spurge. The names solsequium and 
heliotrope were, however, given by our fore- 
fathers to several other plants, as, for 
example, to the endive and marigold. 

C. U. B. 

Dean Donne and the Donnes of Norfolk 
(9*^'' S. xii. 24). — I have always been under 
the impression that this was a Welsh family, 
and in my early days used to know very well 
the Rev. James Donne, B.D., vicar of St. 
Paul's, Bedford, whose father .James Donne, 
D.D., was for many years head master of 
Oswestry School, and vicar of Llanyblodwel, 
CO. Salop. Their arms were Arg., four bars 
azure, on a bend gules three arrows argent, 
and their crest a bundle of arrows headed or 
and feathered argent, banded gules. 

Allow me to refer those interested in 
the matter to 2°*^ S. vii. 241, where a long 
letter is printed from Theophilus .Jones, the 
historian of Brecknockshire, under date 
21 June, 1804, to Dr. Donne, of Oswestry 
School, containing a full genealogical account 
of the Donne family, and mentioning their 
descent from Tewdwr Mawr, Prince of South 
Wales. Appended is the following note by 
the Rev. James Donne, D.D. : — 

"Tliis family x-emains still in Norfolk. Cowper 
the poet's mother was a Donne of this family, and 
was descended from Dr. John Donne, Dean of 
St. Paul's. (Signed) Jas. Donne." 

John Pickford, M.A. 
Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge. 

In connexion with this subject I venture 
to mention that when, in 1856, I was a pupil 
in the school conducted by the Rev. Robert 
Dundas, D.D. (of whom I shall ever entertain 
an affectionate remembrance as a really kind- 
hearted, cultured gentleman), at No. 112, 
Stephen's Green, Dublin, the mathematical 
master was a person named Donne, a good- 
looking little man ; but although very quiet 
and unassuming in manner, he neverthe- 
less was most proud of his hair, which 
was black, long, and curly. I am not in a 
position to assert anything anent his nation- 



ality, but if Mr. Donne ever sang the praises 
of beautiful Erin, it is not too much to 
assume that he held at the same time tho 
fond belief that 

In virtues nothing earthly could suri)ass her, 
(Save thine incomparable oil, Macassar. 

Byron, ' Don Juan,' i. 17. 

Henry Gerald Hope. 
119, Elms Road, Clapham, S.W. 

King, Banker (9*^*^ S. xii. 29).— For Jenkins 
(John) &. King, bankers, 1698 - 1732, see 
' London Bankers,' by F. G. Hilton Price, 
F.S.A., 1890-1, p. 93. C. Mason. 

29, Emperor's Gate, S.W. 

Hawker's ' Instructions to Young Sports- 
men' (9^^ S. xii. 89).— My query had reference 
to this work, and not to one by Hawkins, as 
my typist unfortunately gave the name. I 
hope some one may be able to oblige me 
with a sight of the first and second editions 
(1814 and 1816 respectively). 

Miller Christy. 

115, Farringdon Road, E.G. 

"Sleep the sleep of the just" (9"^ S. 
xi. 429, 475, 511). — 1 must thank H. K. 
for kindly enabling me to trace the quota- 
tion from Racine, but I found it on p. 517 
{not 519) of the volume mentioned. 

E. Latham. 

Roman Pits (9"" S. xii. 28).— Some years 
ago the Essex Field Club explored and care- 
fully examined the "Deneholes" in Hang- 
man's Wood, near Grays, Essex. In October, 
1898, they invited those interested in the 
subject to visit these wonderful subterranean 
chambers. A special contribution by one 
who accepted their invitation appeared in 
the Daib/ 2 fail of 11 October, 1898. An 
illustrated article on the ' Deneholes ' was 
published in the same paper on 4 October, 
1897. John T. Page. 

West Haddon, Northamptonshire. 

In addition to the article referred to in 
'H.E.D.,' see 6"^ S. vi. 247, 414, 4.36 ; vii. 145, 
.309 ; 8^'^ S. V. 427. 

EvERARD Home Coleman. 

71, Brecknock Road. 

Immurement Alive of Religious (9"^ S. 
xii. 25).— This curious and long-lived sample 
of Reformation folk-lore probably owes its 
origin to : (1) The solemn immurement of re- 
cluses in the Middle Ages ; (2) the occasional 
discovery of human remains in or under the 
walls of "^churches, where they were often so 
interred after death ; (3) a memory of the 
early pagan immolation of human victims, 
and their burial under the hearth, to pro- 



132 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9"^ s. xii. aug. is, 1903. 



pitiate the domestic gods ; (4) the liturgical 
rites practised in certain religious orders of 
women, on conferring the black veil and 
making the final vows. It was a ceremony 
of the last-named kind, evidently, that was 
witnessed by the " two English gentlemen 
and a lady" in a Spanish church in 1876. Such 
a function is highly picturesque, and answers 
its object of impressing upon the nun and 
her friends the complete severance of her 
life from that of "the world." The novice 
lies prone on the floor of the chancel and is 
covered with a pall, while the bell tolls as 
though for a funeral. After a few moments 
she rises a professed nun, dead to the world 
and consecrated to God and His service. The 
perversion of this into a brutal murder needed 
all the combined ignorance and ingenuity of 
which some people are capable. By-the-by, 
how thoughtful of the bishop and convent 
to invite three English tourists to witness 
their nefarious deed and report it to Temple 
Bar in "a striking story," published twenty- 
seven years later ! 

John Hobson Matthews. 
Monmouth. 

This ridiculous myth seems to die hard. 
The matter is discussed in two learned 
pamphlets by the llev. Herbert Thurston, 
S.J., published by the Catholic Truth Society, 
the first of which, 'The Immuring of Nuns,' 
deals specifically with the Coldingham legend. 
It was published in 1892, and is supplemented 
by ' The Myth of the Walled-up Nun,' pub- 
lished in 1895. As to the mummified man at 
Arezzo (8^'' S. v. 233), Fr. Thurston remarks 
in the latter pamphlet, p. 21 : — 

" With regard to this, I will content myself with 
remarking tliat one would hardly expect immured 
monks to be exposed for inspection in a cathedral, 
while, on the other hand, there are well-known in- 
stances of desiccated bodies being left open to view 
in that way— the corpse (sw/wrt) of Ettore or Astore 
Visconti, who was killed in a duel in 1413, still 
standing upright in the churchyard wall beside the 
Cathedral of Slonza, is a case in point." 

For the burial of persons in church walls 
see pt S. ii. 513 ; iii. 37, 156 ; 2"'^ S. ix. 425 ; 
X. 16; and for upright burial 4''^ S. v. 249, 
349 ; 9"' S. xi._465, 514 ; xii. 34. 

An opinion is scarcely well founded the sole 
ground for which is "a striking story" in 
Temple Bar. John B. VVaineweight. 

There can, in my opinion, be no doubt that 
the stories about immuring nuns are folk-lore 
or conscious fiction. I devoted a long time 
to the investigation of this subject some years 
ago. The result was an article on the subject 
in the Dublin Eevieiv for January, 1889, and 
another in the Joiirnal of the Iloyal Archseo- 



logical Institute for March, 1894. The Rev. 
Herbert Thurston, S.J., has also written two 
pamphlets on the subject, which have been 
issued by the Catholic Truth Society. 

So far as I have been able to ascertain, the 
late Ven. Edward Churton, Archdeacon of 
(Jleveland, was the first person of authority 
to call in question this belief. In a paper 
read by him many years ago before the York- 
shire Architectural Society lie expressed his 
disbelief in these stories in strong terms. He 
was, as many of the readers of ' N. & Q.' will 
call to mind, one of the most learned eccle- 
siastical antiquaries of his day. 

I have not seen the article in Temple Bar 
which Mr. Astley mentions, and do not 
gather from him whether what is there written 
is intended to be received as romance or as 
fact. If the latter, I would remind those 
whom it may concern that though the 
Spaniards may be backward in some respects, 
they have laws punishing murder. 

Edward Peacock. 

Wickentree House, Kirton-in-Lindsey. 

Eailway Literature (9"^ S. xii. 28).— 

"As to those persons who speculate on making 
railways general throughout the kingdom, and 
superseding all the canals, all the waggons, mail 
and stage coaches, post-chaises, and, in short, 
every other mode of conveyance by land and by 
water, we deem them and their visionary schemes 

unworthy of notice In a similar strain we 

find a countryman of Mr. Telford writing thus : 
'We shall be carried at the rate of 400 miles a 
day, with all the ease we now enjoy in a steam- 
boat, but without the annoyance of sea-sickness, or 
the danger of being burned or drowned.' It is 
certainly some consolation to those who are to be 
whirled at the rate of eighteen or twenty miles an 
hour, by means of a high pressure engine, to be told 
that they are in no danger of being sea-sick while 
on shore ; that they are not to be scalded to death 
nor drowned by the bursting of the boiler ; and 
that they need not mind being shot by the scattered 
fragments, or dashed in pieces by the flying off, or 
the breaking of a wheel. But with all these assur- 
ances, we should as soon expect the people of Wool- 
wich to suffer themselves to be tired off upon one 
of Congreve's ricochet rockets, as trust themselves 
to the mercy of such a machine, going at such a 
rate ; their property, perhaps, they may trust ; but 
while one of the finest navigable rivers in the world 
runs parallel to the ]>roposed railroad, we consider 
the other 20 per cent, which the subscribers are to 
receive for the conveyance of heavy goods, almost 
as problematical as that to be derived from the 
passengers ; we will back old father Thames against 
the Woolwich railway for any sum." — i^nai-terbi 
Renin; March, 1825, xxxi. 361, 362. 

It is curious to contrast with the above the 
fact that during the last few years steam- 
boats up and down the river Thames have 
ceased running, even the summer excursion 
traffic, except to the seaside, having failed to 



9tH S. XII. Aug. 15, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



133 



pay expenses. As a mere means of loco- 
motion, however, steamboats must fail as 
against road or rail, on account of the un- 
certain hours of arrival caused by tides, and 
the longer time taken even when the tide is 
favourable. Only at holiday periods are the 
people now willing to travel by steamboat on 
the Thames — cheap fares, and greater speed 
by road and rail, having attracted and 
absorbed the business traffic. 

Adrian Wheeler. 

I have seen similar foolish things quoted 
from the Quarterly Revievj, and would there- 
fore advise your correspondent to search in 
that quarter and consult the index volume. 
Hansard's ' Parliamentary Debates ' will also 
yield some choice specimens of prophecies 
as to the havoc which was to be wrought by 
railways. L. L. K. 

One of the articles referred to against rail- 
ways is in the Quarterly (see p. 199, chap. x. 
of Stephenson's life, in vol. iii. of Smiles's 
' Lives of the Engineers,' John Murray, 1862). 
The article in the Quarterly Review is called 
' Canals and Railroads,' vol. xxi. No. Ixii. 

E. B. B. 

Apple - blossoms (9"' S. xi. 506). — The 
custom referred to by Mr. YARDLEY,of placing 
apple-blossoms in a coffin with a dead body 
just before burial, probably had a significa- 
tion coordinate in its origin with that of 
other and similar debris of the pagan worship 
of Pomona. But it is equally probable that 
such a custom nowadays is nothing more 
than a tribute, in the language of flowers, to 
the memory of the dead. The Welsh custom 
may be but by way of a floral tribute to the 
maidenhood of the departed, after the manner 
of susi^ending funeral wreaths and garlands 
in churches, for the virgin who is overtaken 
by death in the flower of her years is beauti- 
fully typified by the frail apple-blossom, with 
its promise of fruit cut off, as it often is, by 
the winter which. 

Lingering, chills the lap of May. 
In the west of England the blooming of an 
apple-tree after the fruit is ripe is a sure 
omen of death, whence the couplet : — 

A bloom on the tree when the aiiples are ripe 
Is a sure termination to somebody's life. 

The fruit as well as the flower of the apple- 
tree is identified with the life and destinies 
of young maidenhood. At the martyrdom of 
St. Dorothea, in the year of our Lord 303, 
there appeared 

a faire childe clothed in purpure, barefoot, with 
crispis here, whose clothes were all sprynkled with 
sterris, berynge in his hande a litill panyer of golde 



w' thre roosis and iii appils, and proffered them to 
the virgyn Dorothea." 

See 'A Fifteenth-CJenturv Life of St. Doro- 
thea,' by W. E. A. Axon, Hon.LL.D., F.R.S.L., 
in the Antiquary, Feb., 1901, p. 53. 

The custom of throwing the peel of an 
apple over the head, and judging whether 
single blessedness or the married state awaits 
the person in the future, is very old, and still 
known in England. That of decking a corpse 
with flowers is alluded to in 'A Boulster 
Lecture' (1640), and quoted in Brand's 
'Antiquities': '"Marry another, before those 
flowers that stuck his corpse be withered." 
It may be observed that the connexion 
between the flower and the fruit of the apple- 
tree is so close that the apple is really but 
an enlarged flower stalk. It is, in fact, the 
stalk of the flower that is eaten. If we delve 
deeper into the folk-lore of the apple-tree, it 
will be found, as the Rev. Hilderic Friend, in 
his admirable work 'Flowers and Flower- 
lore,' says, that the apple has the widest and 
most mystical history of all fruits. The 
blossom of the apple-tree exists only briefly 
because the stalk has another mission to 
accomplish, while that of the rose has but 
one duty, and when its beauty is fled nothing 
is left but the perfume. For this reason, and 
because of its intrinsic beauty, some value 
the apple- blossom more highly than any other 
flower, not excepting the rose. Other in- 
stances of decking the remains of the de- 
parted with sprigs of rosemary, a branch of 
the evergreen box- tree, and other " gay and 
gaudy flowers " are given in Brand's ' Popular 
Antiquities,' under the heading 'Following 
the Corpse to the Grave.' 

J. HOLDEN MacMiCHAEL. 
161, Hammersmith Road. 

The old Keltic legends always spoke of the 
"apple island " as a sort of happy hunting- 
ground or Valhalla. It has been suggested 
that the Kelts brought with them when 
they came to the British Isles a memory of 
some fertile continental home where apples 
abounded. Then, later on, the stories of this 
elysium grew vague, and were transferred to 
some St. Brandan's Isle to the westward. The 
occasional glimpses to be obtained about sun- 
set of the peaks of ]Man from many parts of 
Strathclyde and Cumbria, where Welsh litera- 
ture first arose, and where the legendary 
Arthur fought his twelve great battles, may 
have suggested the location of the apple land 
to the westward beneath the sunset. Pro- 
bably the apple- blossoms in the coffin have 
some reference to this " island valley of 
Avillion." Fred. G. Ackerley. 

Care of British Vice-Consul, Libau, Russia. 



134 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [O'- s. xii. auo. 15, 1903. 



Flats (9^*^ S. xii. 49).— 

" At present almost the only separate etages to be 
found in London are those in Queen Anne's Man- 
sions, a good number of sets in Victoria Street, a 
few in Cromwell Road, and a single set in George 
.Street, Edgware Road. Of all these, however, the 
last named, with a few sets in Victoria Street, are 
the only examples of the real self-contained ' Hat,' 
the inhabitant of which, whilst relieved of all the 
responsibility and mostof the troubles of an isolated 
house, yet enjoys to the full all the advantages of a 
separate establishment."— From a long article on 
' Flats,' in Dickens's ' Dictionary of London,' 1879. 

"Victoria Street, Westminster was opened 

6 August, 1851 It was at a standstill for some 

years and took slowly for building purposes, in fact 
it was only completely tilled up in 1887. The street 
is lined with lofty ' mansions ' let out in ' flats ' as 
residences— at the time of their erection a novelty 
in London— and large blocks of chambers."— Wheat- 
ley's ' London Past and Present,' iii. 435. 

The oldest of these are, I believe, in Victoria 
Street, the newest in the very lofty Queen 
Anne's Mansions in Queen Anne's Gate, for- 
merly Queen Square, Westminster. 

Adrian Wheeler. 

I believe one of the earliest blocks of flats 
in London was Albany Square, near Walworth 
Road. W. L. 

Was not the block of lofty dwellings im- 
mediately outside the District Railway, 
St. James's Park, which, if I remember right, 
are twelve or thirteen stories high, the 
pioneer effort as regards that egregious 
departure in domestic architecture — the Lon- 
don flat ? J. HoLDEN MaoMichael. 

Although I cannot answer the question, it 
is evident that flats must have been in exist- 
ence before 1888. In that year Charles 
Annandale issued the ' Imperial Dictionary,' 
in which he describes a flat to be "a story 
or floor of a building, especially when fitted 
up for a single family." The history of the 
flat movement has yet to be written. 

EvERARD Home Coleman. 

71, Brecknock Road. 

The Formation of Clouds (O^'^ S. xii. 65). 
— In the passage quoted by Mr. Thornton 
Cobbett describes a normal phenomenon in 
hilly districts, whereof the cause is perfectly 
understood by meteorologists. A current of 
warm air charged with vapour, i.e., invisible 
moisture, which it carries in virtue of its 
heat, moving along the sea or a plain and 
meeting with rising ground, is raised to a 
higher and colder level, and begins parting 
with its heat. In proportion as it does so 
it loses its carrying power ; the vapour begins 
to be condensed infco particles and becomes 
visible cloud, just as a clear sheet of glass 
ground to dust becomes a white powder. 



The higher the air current rises the lower 
the temperature falls, and the cloud increases 
in volume until, on reaching and passing the 
summit, condensation becomes com^flete, when 
the particles of moisture aggregate into drops 
which fall as rain. Thus the rainfall is always 
greater on that side of a range of hills which j 
is furthest from the direction of the prevail- i 
ing wind or air current. 

Herbert Maxwell. 

Long Lease (9"' S. xii. 25).— Leases in this ! 
neighbourhood are usually granted for ninety 
nine years, and in some rare cases for 99£;; 
years. I have lately dealt with a lease thei 
term of vv'hich, I believe, is unique, at leaat' 
in Devonshire, viz., 199 years. I should bet 
glad to learn if such terms are known on 
usual in other parts of the country. 

A. J. Davy. 

Torquay. 

'I Wake " = a Village Feast (9"^ S. xii. 107)(' 
— Such old-fashioned terms are fast decaying 
thanks to new ideas of education and facili 
ties for travelling. But I have heard mon. 
than once in Oxfordshire, on the Banburji 
side, this proverb on the lips of men inno 
cent of reading : " Like Heyford wake, i'; 
mends." Hippoclides. 



Tale by Archibald Forbes {9^^ S. xii. 88) 
— ' How " the Crayture " got on the Strength 
was reprinted in Forbes's • Barracks, Bivouacs 
and Battles ' (1891, Macraillan), from thi 
English Illustrated, vol. vi. p. 525 et seq. (April 
1889), and from the Living Age, vol. clxxxi; 
p. 469 et seq. J. Potter Briscoe. 

Nottingham, 

' Lois the Witch ' {^^^ S. xii. 89). — Thi 
is by Mrs. Gaskell, and is the last stor 
in ' Cranford and other Tales ' in Smith c' 
Elder's eight-volume pocket edition of Mrs 
Gaskell's works. C. E. Leeds. 

62, Clyde Road, Addiscombe. 



Klopstock's 'Stab at Mater ' (9*''^ S. xi. 489! 
xii. 56). — I wrote my reply when I was awa;i 
from my books. I am doubtful about D, M 
Moir being the translator. Delete 1834. Set 
Fraser's Magazine, 1836, p. 497. The Greel^ 
version is signed A. <I>PENX. 

Thos. White. 

Junior Reform Club, Liverpool. 

"Tory" (9^*^ S. xii. 9, 97).— I have to thanl 
Mr. James Platt, Jun., for having settle* 
the point concerning which I asked ; but 
fail to see any relevancy in the reply of Mi 
E. H. Coleman. Surely one frequent conij 
tributor to ' N. cfe Q.' should do another th 
courtesy of believing that he knows what h 



9'" s. XII. Auo. 15, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



135 



is asking about. In point of fact, I have 
searched for and, I believe, found every 
allusion in ' N. ck Q.' to the word "Tory"; 
and it is because not one of them affected 
the special point I have now raised that I 
put a perfectly legitimate cjuery, to which 
Mr. Platt has clearly replied. Politician. 

Zola's ' Rome ' (9^^ S. xii. 68).— There is an 
unfortunate misprint in my query at this 
reference, due probably to ray hieroglyphic 
calligraphy. "Dr. Gumming '"^ was not what 
I certainly wrote. It should be " De Lam- 
menais," who, in Mr. Gladstone's surmise, was 
the model of Pierre Froment. 

J. B. McGovEEN. 

St. Stephen's Rectory, C.-on-M., Manchester. 

King's Ghampion (9"' S. ix. 507 ; x. 58, 
116).— 

"A ludicrous circumstance occurred at the coro- 
nation of William and Mary. Charles Dymock, 
Esq., who then exercised his right (Champion), cast 
his gauntlet in the usual form, and the challenge 
was proclaimed, when an old woman, who had 
entered the Hall on crutches, took it up and quitted 
the spot with extraordinary aaility, leaving her 
crutches, and a glove, with a challenge in it, to meet 

[t| the Champion, next day, at Hyde Park. Accord- 
ingly, the old woman— or, as ia generally suppo.sed, 
a good swordsman in disguise— attended at the hour 
and place named, but the Champion did not make 

1 his appearance; nor is it recorded whether any 
measures were taken to discover who had passed so 

S|| disloyal a joke."'— 'Railway Anecdote Book,' p. 42. 

The above book was published without 
date by W. H. Smith & Son about 1850, and 
again in 1852. I have not seen the story 
ascribed to the time of William and Mary in 
any other place ; perhaps some reader can 

lii trace it to a much earlier published book. 

i| Adrian Wheeler. 

Holbein Portraits (9'^'> S. xii. 48).— A por- 
trait of Erasmus, by Holbein, is in Grey- 
stoke Gastle, Penrith, Gumberland ; another 
of King Edward VI. in the Gourt-room of 
Ghrist's Hospital ; and a third of Anne of 
Gleves in the gallery of the Louvre. 

EvEEARD Home Goleman. 
71, Brecknock Road. 



iV 



"Ingeminate" (9^^ S. xii. 49). — Gharles 
Annandale, in his ' Imperial Dictionary,' 
explains this word to mean redoubled, re- 
peated : " An inrjeviinate expression " (Jer. 

iTaylor); "He would often ingeminate jieace, 

\0)eace" (Glarendon). 

Everard Home Goleman. 
jj 71, Brecknock Road. 

To " ingeminate peace," I think, can have 
•J' but one meaning, i.e., to act or speak in such 
"*a manner as to promote her benign interests. 



Natlianiel Bailey says "to ingeminate " = to 
double or repeat often, and " ingeminated 
llowers," among florists = when one flower 
grows out of another ('Diet.,' 1740). i<]lisha 
Goles .says, '' J n(jeiiunnlun = (\onh\cd. iVol/ilitas 
/?«,7fWi/«aYa = nobility on father'.s and mother's 
side" ('Diet. Eng.-Lat. and Lat.-Eng.,' 1755). 

J. HOLDEN MacMiC'HAEL. 

Gession of Welsh Gounties to England 
(9"' S. xii. 106).— M. E. S. has probably found 
a niare's nest, but Shropshire and Hereford- 
shire were once ruled hy Welsh princes ; and 
Monmouthshire, which was English, has 
recently been treated as Welsh for some 
purposes. G. O. W. 

Richard Nash (9"' S. xi, 445 ; xii. 15, 116). 
— As the following brief extract from the 
' D.N.B.' contains certainly three, and pro- 
bably four errors, and as it has misled Sir 
Herbert Maxwell at the second of the 
above references, perhaps the matter had 
better be set straight : — 

" He long occupied a house in St. John's Court, 
known as the (xarrick's Head, and subsequently 
rented by Mrs. Delany, but moved to a smaller 
house near to it in CTascoyne Place before his death, 
at the age of eighty-seven, on 3 Feb., 1762. The 
Corporation having voted 50/. towards his funeral, 
he was buried with great pomp on 8 Feb. in Bath 
Abbey."— Vol. xl. pp. 100, 101. 

Now Nash did not die on 3 February, 
he was not buried on the 8th, and he 
did not die in 1762. The correct year is 

1761. How this error came to be made in 
the 'D.N. B.' does not appear; but the mis- 
take as to the day of Nash's death is easily 
accounted for. In his ' Life of Richard Nash,' 

1762, Goldsmith says : "He died at his house 
in St. John's Gourt, Bath, on the 3d of Feb- 
ruary, 1761, aged eighty-seven years, three 
months, and some days " (p. 175) ; but in the 
errata at p. 234 the 3rd is declared to be a 
misprint for the 12th. Mr. T. Seccombe, 
who wrote the account in the 'D.N.B.,' 
failed to note this correction. Guriously 
enough, however, at p. 182, Goldsmith gives 
the epitaph written by Dr. (Oliver, which 
begins as follows : "Bath, February 13, 1761, 
This morning died Richard Nash, Esq., Aged 
eighty-eight." Here, then, in the same book 
we have two different dates assigned. Now 
in the London Chronicle of 14-17 February, 
1761, we are informed that "on Friday 
morning [^.e., 13 February], about four o'clock, 
died at Bath, Richard Nash, Esq." (ix. 166) ; 
but in the same paper of 17-19 February we 
read: "Bath, Feb. 16. About eight o'clock 
last Thursday evening [i.e., 12 February] died, 
aged 88, at his House in St. John's Gourt in 
this city, Richard Nash, Esq." (ix. 173). This 



136 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9"> s. xii. Ana. 15, 1903. 



was presumably taken from a Bath paper. 
It appears, then, that Nash died either on 
the evening of 12 February or on the morning 
of 1.3 February, 1761. Obviously, therefore, 
he could not, as stated in the ' D.N.B.,' have 
been buried on the 8th. On 14 February the 
Bath Town Council voted "a sum not exceed- 
ing bOl." for thej funeral expenses; and the 
funeral took place 17 February, as we learn 
from A. J. Jewers's 'Registers of Rath Abbey,' 
1901, ii. 449. The same date is also given in 
the following extract from the London 
Chronicle of 21-24 February, 1761 : — 

" Tuesday evening [i.e., 17 February] the remains 
of Richard Nash, Esq., were interred in the abbey 
church, Bath. The funeral procession began about 
half an hour after four o'clock, in the following 
order : 1. The children of the charity schools, sing- 
ing a hymn [this hymn is given by Goldsmith at 
p. 176 of his 'Life'] ; 2. Mr. Nash's and the city 
band of music, playing the ' Dead March ' in ' Saul ' ; 
3. Three clergymen ; 4. The body, covered with a 
black velvet pall, adorned with plumes of feathers, 
and supported by the six senior aldermen. Messrs. 
Wiltshire and Simpson, masters of the assembly- 
rooms, followed as chief mourners, accompanied by 
several of the corporation, and many other gentle- 
men. In this manner they proceeded (the musick 
and hymn being alternately continued) till they 
came to the chancel. The first part of the service 
being over, an anthem was sung, taken out of the 
39th Psalm ; that being ended, the musick again 
played, and continued till they arrived at the grave, 
where the body was interred. After the solemnity 
was over, the ringers rung a funeral jieal of grand- 
sire triples, consisting of 1,260 changes, the clappers 
of the bells being muiUed on one side. And minute 
guns were tired 87 times, denoting that the de- 
ceased had entered into the 87th year of his age, 
being born Oct. 14, 1675."— Vol. ix. p. 186. 

Mr. ISeccombe's probable fourth error is in 
saying that Nash died in Gascoyne Place, 
whereas both the London Chronicle and Gold- 
smith state that he died in St. John's Court. 

There is a curious discrepancy as to the 
date of Nash's birth. Mr. Seccombe, follow- 
ing Goldsmith (p. 6), says that he was born 
18 October, 1674. If so, then Nash died at 
the age of eighty-six years and nearly four 
months, and not, as Goldsmith himself says 
(p. 175), "aged eighty - seven years, three 
months, and some days." Dr. Oliver and the 
London Chronicle of 17-19 February give 
Nash's age as eighty-eight. But the London 
Chronicle of 21-24 February gives 14 October, 
1675, as the date of Nash's birth, and yet 
says that eighty-seven guns were fired at his 
funeral because he " had entered into the 
87th year of his age." If so, then he must 
have been born in 1674. An examination of 
the parish registers of Svvansea would doubt- 
less show whether 14 or 18 October, 1674, was 
the true date of Nash's birth. 

In conclusion, let me call attention to a 



curious epitaph printed in the London 
Chronicle of 12-14 February, 1761, ix. 158, 
which is much too long to quote in full, but 
which begins as follows : — 

For the London Chronicle. 

Epitaph intended for Mr. Nash's Tomb. 

Here lyes 

Richard Nash, Esquire, 

Who died the 24th of January, 1852, 

Having liv'd 171 years, 2 months, and 5 days, 

In one continued scene of felicity. 

This fills an entire column, is very compli- 
mentary, and is signed "J. T./ec cfc inv." It 
is doubtful whether, when this epitaph was 
written, the author could have heard of 
Nash's death. Albert Matthews, 

Boston, U.S. 

"To mug" (9'" S. xii. 5).--Mr. H. Snow- 
den Ward is quite correct in stating that 
"mug" is colloquially used for "face," and 
also for a simpleton, a person who is im- 
posed upon. I have not heard the verb " to 
mug " in connexion with fighting, but I am 
not familiar with either the slang of pugilism 
or the Yorkshire dialect. I have, however, 
frequently heard it used in Liverpool in rela- 
tion to drinking ; but I should add that it 
was by a coterie in which there was a strong 
East Cumberland element. That coterie no 
longer exists, and the only member of it 
with whom I had more than a casual ac- 
quaintance is, alas ! beyond the reach of in 
terrogation. I fear he "mugged" himself,, 
or was " mugged " by his friends, too often, 
and the inevitable funeral followed. 

E. RiMBAULT DiBDIN. 

" Keep your hair on" (9*" S. ix. 184, 335;: 
x. 33, 156 ; xi. 92, 195).— This expression 
usually signifies "keep cool; don't lose 
your temper." How it came to have that 
sense does not appear quite clear ; but lately 
I came across what may probably be the 
earliest use of the expression, though not 
exactly with that meaning. It is in a letter 
from Lord Chatham to his son William Pitt, 
which is dated 9 October, 1773, and is given: 
in Bp. Tomline's ' Life of Pitt,' vol. i. p. 15. 
The father at that time felt a good deal of 
natural anxiety about his son's health, and 
at the end of his letter says, " If you acquire 
health and strength every time I wish them 
to you, you will be a second Sampson [sz'cj. 
and, what is more, will, I am sure, keep your 
hair." The allusion is evidently to Samson'j 
loss of supernatural strength when his locks 
of hair had been shorn off. 

In 9"' S. X. 33 the expression " keep youi 
hair on " is traced to the times of wiggerj ; 
(not Whiggery, if I may indulge in a bac 
joke); and supposed to mean "do not throv 



9'h S. XII. Au.!. 15, 190:^.] IN U i J^^» AIN JJ ^J U ILitir^i^. 



i6i 



off your wig in a rage." I certainly well re- 
member often hearing when a boy the ex- 
pression, now, I believe, quite obsolete, "dash 
my wig," referred to by Mr. H. Y. J. Taylor. 
But Lord jChatham seems to use the same, or 
nearly the same, expression in a totally dif- 
ferent sense. W. T. Lynn. 

" Accorder" (9"^ S. xii. 89).— I should say 
Emeritus is right in identifying this with 
Persian ndkhudd, captain, skipper. The 
stress, which in Persian is upon its first and 
third syllables, in Malay is shifted to the 
middle one {nakhuda). The other terms about 
which he asks appear to be corrupt or mis- 
printed. The first element in two of them, 
jere, is evidently Malay juro, master. Malay 
baiu means (1) a stone, (2) an anchor. Malay 
ka-madi means helm. Hence the compounds 
" jere-bottoo," " jere-mode," in more scientific 
orthography juro-batu, boatswain, the officer 
in charge of the anchor, a,nd J dro-viudi, steers- 
man, mate of a vessel. Jas. Platt, Jun. 

Charles Annandale in the ' Imperial Dic- 
tionary ' says this word is rare, and defines 
it to mean one that aids or favours. He 
attributes its use to Cotgrave (16.34). 

EvERARD Home Coleman. 

[Our correspondent's remark is scarcely to the 
point.] 

Peculiars (9"^ S. xii. 69).— See ' A Hand- 
book to the Ancient Courts of Probate and 
Depositories of Wills,' by George W. Marshall, 
LL.D., 1889. W. C. B. 

Coincidences (8*'^ S. viii. 124, 177, 270' 
334). — When this subject was being con- 
sidered in ' N. & Q.' in the year 1895 I was 
allowed at the penultimate reference to 
record two coincidences which occurred in 
my own experience. May I now submit a 
third, which happened to me a week or two 
ago 1 I was staying in the town of Cromer, 
and on the Sundays included in ray visit I 
attended several services at the parish church. 
The hymn-book used is Bickersteth's ' Hymnal 
Companion.' It is now many years since I 
attended a church at which this was the case. 
There is one hymn in this book, viz., Cousins's 
" The sands of time are sinking " (set to C. J. 
Vincent's tune ' Glory '), to which I am par- 
ticularly partial. On the last Sunday evening 
of our visit I said to my wife before the 
service, " I wish they would have my favourite 
hymn to-night," but when I arrived at the 
church and saw the numbers on the boards I 
found that such was not the case. The service 
, proceeded to the end, and when we were to 
! sing the last hymn the clergyman, for some 
I reason best known to himself, suddenly sub- 



stituted for the number on the boards " The 
sands of time are sinking." For the first 
time in probably fifteen years I was thus 
enabled again to join a large congregation 
in singing this much -loved hymn. It may 
perhaps be as well for me to add that when 
I made the remark to my wife before the 
service no one else was present, and that 
I have never spoken to the clergyman (Mr. 
Sheldon) in my life. John T. Page. 

West Haddon, Northamptonshire. 

Upright Burial (9^'' S. xi. 465, 514 ; xii. 
34).— In the vault of the Powletts, Barons 
Bolton, in Wensley Church, co. York, is the 
coffin of Mary, Marchioness of Winchester, 
in an upright position, with the heart lying 
on the top She was the eldest illegitimate 
daughter of Emanuel Scrope, Earl of Sunder- 
land, and brought the large Yorkshire estates 
into the Powlett family, created Dukes of 
Bolton. 

In the church of Blickling, co. Norfolk, is 
the vault of the Hobart family, now under 
the organ, in which are their coffins in an 
upright position in a vault of gauged brick- 
work. 

For many instances of "sepulchral vaga- 
ries " let me refer your readers to Chambers's 
'Book of Days,' vol. i. 627-8 and 804-8. 
where there is also an account of the burial 
of Capt. Backhouse in an upright position in 
a mausoleum at Great Missenuen, Bucks, and 
an amusing anecdote in connexion. The 
body, however, was afterwards reinterred in 
the churchyard of the parish. 

John Pickford, M.A. 

Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge. 

The gravedigger in a certain churchyard 
in Ireland near where I was once quartered 
thought himself very 'cute until, as I was 
told, he was discovered turning the coffins 
up on end to save space. 

Harold Malet, Colonel. 

Ballads and Methodism (9* S. xi. 442 ; 
xii. 19).— 

" The singing at Surrey Chapel was long a special 
feature ; and Mr. Hill is said to have once remarked 
that he ' did not see why the devil should have all 
the good tunes,' for in his lifetime and some years 
afterwards it was a common occurrence to hear 
certain hymns composed by Rowland Hill sung to 
the tunes of ' Rule Britannia ' or the ' National 
Anthem.'"— Walford, 'Old and New London,' vi. 
375. 

"In 1803 Mr. Hill preached to the volunteer 
regiments which were raised when hostilities com- 
menced between P^ngland and France, at the close 

of the short peace of Amiens Mr. Hill composed 

two hymns for the occasion. The tirst, commencing. 

Come, thou incarnate Word, 



138 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9'" s. xii. auo. 15, im 



Was sun^ before the sermon to the tune of ' God 
save the King.' The second, commencing, 

When Jesus first at Heaven's connnand, 

Was sung at the close of the service to the tune of 
'Rule Britannia.'" — Sherman, 'Memorial of the 
Rev. Rowland Hill,' 1851, p. .32. 

Mr. J. Spencer Curwen writes : — 

" Rowland Hill, whether he called himself musical 
or not, had a strong belief that ' the devil should 
not have all the best tunes," and in the music of 
Surrey Chapel the influence of this opinion can still 
be traced."— Quoted in Charlesworth's ' Rowland 
Hill : his Life, Anecdotes, and Pulpit Sayings,' 1876, 
p. 156. 

Adrian Wheeler. 

"Crying down credit" (9'''' S. xii. 29).— 
I have only a ' Queen's Regulations ' (array) 
to refer to of 1893. In that par. 333, sec. vii. 
p. 221 mentions it. The object seems to be 
to warn people in a town that they give the 
men credit at their own risk. I do not know 
when the practice began — whether it is 
under some old Act of Parliament. It may 
be borrowed from some foreign country like 
Holland, or from the civil wars of Cromwell's 
time. There may be a similar practice in 
foreign armies. R. B. B. 

This is but a variant of the phrase " crying 
notchil," that is, advertising as if by the 
crier that a man will not be responsible for 
his wife's debts. But in connexion with a 
regiment which is temporarily quartered in 
any town, it is to warn the townsfolk against 
contracting debts with private soldiers, a 
custom said to date— though I do not know 
on what authority— from the time of the 
Commonwealth. See 8^'' S. vii. 331, where it 
is pointed out by Mr. Paul Bierley that 
it was not ahvays the custom to proclaim to 
shopkeepers that no credit was to be given. 
Sometimes, on the contrary, it was the custom 
to cry «2> the credit of a regiment. 

J. Holden MacMichael. 

"Folks" (9^1^ S. xi. 369, 438, 470; xii. 50). 
—"It seems a pity "—to quote from the last 
reference— that a contributor of considerable 
standing should in such a petulant mood 
receive a reply from Prof. Skeat, with irre- 
levant references to his book-dealing trans- 
actions. In common with most students of 
English philology, I esteem as one of my 
favourite books on my shelves Prof. Skeat's 
' A Student's Pastime,' drawn entirely from 
the pages of ' N. & Q.' H. P. L. 

"A flea in the ear" (9"> S. xii. 67).— Part 
of the heading of chap. vii. book iii. of 
' Pantagruel ' reads : " Comment Panurge 
auoyt la pulce en I'oreille"; and in chap. xxxi. 
of the same book Panurge says to Dr. Rondi- 



bilis, "Durant vostre docte discours, ceste 
pulce que i'ay en I'aureille m'ha plus chatouille' 
que ne feist oncques." The spellings oreille 
and atlreille are so given in my Rabelais, 
edited by L. Jacob, Bibliophile, i.e., Paul 
Lacroix. James Hooper. 

Norwich. 

See Moschus, Idyll ix., 'Eunica; or, the 
Herdsman,' translated by Francis Fawkes, 
M.A., published 1760 :— 

Then miniick'd my Voice with satyrical Sneer, 
And sent nie away with a Flea in my Ear. 

Herbert Southam. 

French Quotation (g'"^ S. x. 127).— I have 
not been able, so far, to trace the source of 
the dictum concerning knowledge and learn- 
ing ; but apparently, whoever the author 
may be, it is a translation or adaptation of 
Juvenal's words (Satire vii. 1. 157) : — 

Nosse volunt omnes, mercedem solvere nemo. 

Edward Latham. 
61, Friends' Road, E. Croydon. 

Advent of the Typewriter (9"' S. xii. 69). 
■—Typewriting for legal documents was in 
use in the Town Clerk's office, Manchester, at 
least fourteen years ago. It commenced with 
a single operator, but has now grown to a 
large department. I was the first to use it 
for mv deeds. 

T. Cann Hughes, M.A., F.S.A. 
Lancaster. 

" Cards and spades " (9^^ S. xi. 508).— The 
meaning of this, according to Farmer and 
Henley's 'Slang and its Analogues,' s.v. 
'Cards,' is to give one an advantage, to 
give points. The expression is not un- 
common in modern American books. Thus, 
in Col. Savage's new novel, ' The Golden 
Rapids of High Life,' p. 44, I find the follow- 
ing : " Who wants a poor woman nowadays ? 
and yet she could give cards and spades to 
the whole flock." J. Platt, Jun. 



NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. 

Slang and its Analogmx, Past and Present. By 
John S. Farmer and W. E. Henley. Vol. VII. 
Parti. (Printed for Subscribers.) 
With the present part begins the last volume of 
this useful and laborious compilation. It covers 
the alphabet between Strada and Time. It is satis- 
factory to find that the lamented death of Mr. 
Henley will in no respect interfere with or interrupt 
the completion of the work. As the two remaining 
parts are in progress, it is fair as well as consoling 
to think that all the illustrative extracts from 
early writers, and especially from those of Tudor 
times, have been delivered, and that this most 



9'" S. XII. Aug. 15, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



139 



important part of Mr. Henley's labours is accom- 
plished. As a prelude to the part Mr. Farmer 
supplies an 'In Memoriam ' sketch of his colleague, 
wliose interest in the work, as we know to be the 
case, is said to have been unabated. The loss that 
has been experienced will still be felt in the shaiie 
of the absence of "final suggestions" and "finishing 
touches." Mr. Farmer pledges himself to including 
all Henley's suggestions, either under the few 
remaining words or in the terminal essay, which 
had been outlined and discussed between the two 
editors. In the part before us (ail, take, tart, and 
otiier words are liberally illustrated. Tawdry is 
said, in a quotation from Palsgrave, 1530, to be 
derived from " Seynt Audrie's lace." Next spring 
should see the completion of the work. 

The Chronicle of Jocelin of Brakelond. Edited by 

Sir Ernest Clarke, M.A., F.S.A. (Moring.) 
A HIGH service is rendered to the antiquary by the 
publication of this little work, which forms one of 
the most attractive volumes of the series known as 
" The King's Classics." The original was edited by 
Mr. J. Gage Rokewode for the Camden Society 
and by Mr. T. Arnold for the Rolls Series. Trans- 
lations subsequently saw the light when the use 
made by Carlyle of the ' Chronicle ' in his ' Past 
and Present' had secured for it a certain amount 
of popularity. The present edition has undergone 
so thorough revision that it is virtually a new 
translation. Another advantage in it is its emi- 
nently readable and convenient shape, which woos 
the scholar to perusal. We own to having been 
induced by this to read the work through, and 
make for the first time the acquaintance of one 
who is far more than a mere chronicler. In a 
few passages quoted by Sir Ernest, Carlyle thus 
sums up the character of Jocelin: "An ingenious 
and ingenuous, a cheery - hearted, innocent, yet 
withal shrewd, noticing, quick-witted man ; and 
from under his monk's cowl has looked out on the 
narrow section of the world in a really human 

manner The man is of patient, peaceable, loving, 

clear-smiling nature; open for this or that Also 

has a pleasant wit and loves a timely joke, though 
in mild, subdued manner. A learned, grown man, 
yet with the heart as of a good child." No less 
helpful is John Richard Green, who, comparing the 
Abbey of St. Edmundsbury with the great shrines 
of St. Albans and Glastonbury, says : " One book 
alone the abbey has given us, and it is worth a 
thousand chronicles." We know, indeed, no book 
whatever that pours such a flood of light upon 
monastic life in the twelfth century, its struggles, 
ambitions, jealousies, and contests with regal and 
ecclesiastical power. Sir Ernest has supplied an 
illuminating preface, telling us exactly what we 
seek to know, and has appended some valuable 
notes, including a table of dates in the history of 
the abbey from 870 to 1903. At a general popularity 
the work scarcely aims. It should, however, be 
included in the library of every scholar. To it we 
are indebted for all we know concerning Abbot 
Samson, a figure no less interesting and profitable 
to contemplate than his biographer. 

The Doonefi of Exmoor. By Edwin John Rawle. 

(Burleigh.) 
Mk. Rawle, the annalist of Exmoor, has occupied 
himself in bringing together all that has been 
written and said concerning the famous Doone 
family of Exmoor. It is somewhat disappointing 



to find that local records are dumb concerning the 
existence of such a family of outlaws. Sir Ensor 
Doone, or Doune, the supposed twin brother of 
" the Bonny Earl of Morav," is stated to be as 
mythical as Mrs. Harris. On the other hand, Mr. 
Rawle is disposed to date back the traditions that 
linger concerning the Doones of Oare and the Badg- 
worthy Valley to the time of the Danes. His 
investigations and speculations cannot fail highly 
to interest many of our readers. 

Pages Choi.ne.i des Grands Errirains. — Didcens. 

Traduction Nouvelle et Introduction par B. H. 

Gausseron. (Paris, Armand Colin.) 
Dickens has, of course, been some while familiar 
in a French form ; the editions on our shelves pub- 
lished in French by MM. Hachette & Cie. under 
the direction of P. Lorain are available at the very 
moderate price of 1 fr. 25. Still we are very glad 
to have these selections, with an excellent %io- 
graphical introduction by M. Gausseron, who has 
an unusually good knowledge of English, and ia 
therefore able to render, with the spirit which 
does not pay excessive allegiance to the letter, 
Dickens's easy English, which to foreigners must 
occasionally be rather a stumbling-block. 

It is said that it is " very possible " that Dickens 
based Skimpole on Leigh Hunt. It is not " very 
possible," but a fact, as Dickens admitted in a 
paper in All the Year Round. "He yielded," he 
said, " to the temptation of too often making the 
character speak like his old friend." An apology 
was needed, is here offered by Dickens, and should 
be quoted when this question of the caricaturing of 
friends comes up, instead of the casual conclusions 
of commentators. M. Gausseron has translated his 
original in spirited style. Thus Mrs. Lammle asks 
her spouse if he thought she married him for his 
beaux yeux. The reference to the chapters might 
have been given. The selections are usually good, 
though we should have been glad to see Mr. Swivel- 
ler as well as Little Nell. The former represents 
some of the gaiety which is rare, it is to be feared, 
in our nation. M. Gausseron has made some slips 
in his names, but that is a common English fault 
also. People think they know Dickens too well to 
get his names wrong, and never verify their refer- 
ences. A few notes at the bottom of the page are 
necessary. " Batter pudding "and "flirting "appear 
to be too English to admit of transportation to 
another tongue. " Christmas boxes " may well 
puzzle a Frenchman, for they alarmed an American 
lady journalist in England not so long ago who 
knew nothing of their purport. 

The Edinburgh Review for July opens with an 
excellent article on ' London and its People in the 
Eighteenth Century,' for which the late Sir Walter 
Besant's work is the chief text. Sir Walter's book 
has not, we think, had full justice done to it, for 
though it has many defects, and may be somewhat 
too popular in tone to suit the student, there was 
probably no man of his time who could have carried 
out the jnain idea m a more satisfactory way. We 
need not say that we agree with the writer in con- 
demning the absence of references, a blot which 
disfigures so many of the books of our time. The 
reviewer's remarks on the formalism of tlie eigh- 
teenth century are praiseworthy. We know of no 
period in our history when men and women were 
so enslaved by ceremonial observances as during 
the Georgian period, for that unwholesome rigorism 



140 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9"' s. xii. auo. 15, im 



which compelled dull uniformity in thought as well 
as minor things lasted well into the time of our 
grandfathers. It arose from tlie reaction against 
originality of thought, or, as it would be more 
accurate to say, against all thinking, the seeds of 
which were sown by the sensualism which flooded 
the country after the Restoration. The ostentation 
disv)layed at funerals was something repulsive to 
the modern mind. In earlier ages this display, 
though often abused, had a meaning from its con- 
nexion with religion ; but in the eighteenth century 
it had shrivelled u]) into mere meaningless display— 
a manner in which people might show forth their 
wealth and social importance. This was, we imagine, 
the true reason why the funerals of "great folk" 
so often took place at night, when any number 
of torches could be used, without the charge of 
" Popery" being incurred. The paper on 'English 
Deer Parks' is interesting. The writer combines 
the qualifications of a sportsman, a naturalist, and 
an antiquary. We were not aware that the number 
of old deer parks that have survived to the present 
day was so great. The writer points out— a thing 
not often realized— that in the Middle Ages the 
park was often far away from the hall or castle. 
In those days parks were not so much regarded as 
ornamental adjuncts as enclosures for sport and a 
ready means of winter food supply. Some of these 
old parks yet remain. The one at Berkeley is not 
adjoining the castle. 'The New Astronomy' has 
been called forth mainly by Miss Agnes Mary 
Gierke's brilliant volume on 'Astrophysics,' a book 
which has made a deep impression on those who 
are able to grasp the nature of the subjects on 
which it throws so brilliant a light. The paper is 
by no means of a popular character. This we do 
not by any means consider to be a defect ; on the 
contrary, the attention required to follow some of 
the arguments has a distinct use in stimulating the 
minds of thoughtful people, and turning their 
attention to subjects unfamiliar to ordinary readers 
and the men of letters who provide the mental food 
such people consume. The paper on Crabbe is the 
production of one who holds the scales evenly and 
with a steady hand. Most of us are hardly able 
to do this when we try to appreciate this poet of 
the commonplace. Crabbe took interest in aspects 
of things which poets of an earlier generation failed 
to see, and would, we may be sure, have rejected 
had their eyes been opened ; but he never eman- 
cipated himself from the fetters of eighteenth- 
century diction, and his admirers must confess 
that his mind was sluggish— probably, indeed, wil- 
fully prosaic, so far as style is concerned. He 
has, however, tilled a useful place by supi^lying 
entertainment and, it may be, thought -food for 
some of those who suffer from mental distraction 
when they come in contact with poets of a more 
brilliant order. ' The Siege of Quebec' is somewhat 
dull ; but students of American history will find it 
useful. There are several articles on politics, and 
one of a theological nature not suited for notice in 
our columns. 

To the " Fireside Dickens " of Mr. Henry Frowde 
and Messrs. Chapman & Hall liave been added 
David Copptrtield and JJomheij and Son., each with 
forty illustrations by Phiz, and J'tprinted Pitcts, 
with three designs by F. Walker. Rereading 
in this convenient shape the pages, close on a 
thousand, of the first-named book, we recognize 
the work as justifying Dickens's estimate of it 



as his favourite novel. We feel, however, that the 
close is spun out, and wonder whether that is due 
to the method of publication in monthly parts. 
We did not on its first appearance find it long, and 
recall, as though it were but yesterday, the im- 
patience with which each of the green-clad parts 
was attended. 

From the Tranm.ctioih'i of the Dcvonahirt Asao- 
ciatton Miss Ethel Lega-Weekes has reissued the • 
second part of her interesting and valuable Ntigh-- 
hour.s of North Wylct, being a paper read a year ago 
before the Association atBideford.— Dr. T. N. Brush- 
field republishes from the same Traiifsactions the 
Fiimncial Diary of a Citizen of Exeter, IU0I-I64S. 
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Mr. I. Chalkley Gould, Chairman of the Com- 
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recording Ancient Defensive Earthworks and Forti- 
fied Enclosures, issues an explanation, illustrated 
by maps, of the manner in which the work is to be 
carried out. The interest of this extends beyond 
the workers for whose special use it is produced. 
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(Longmans & Co.), answers the assertions of 'The 
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of course, connected with the murder of Sir Edmund 
Berry Godfrey, one of the apparently insoluble 
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181 



LONDON, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER r,, 1903. 



CONTENTS. -No. 297. 

NOTES :— Simferopol, 181— Secretary Morice, 182 — Dibdin 
Bibliography. 183— ' Twelve Profits of Tribulation,' 184— 
Dr. Halley—" Tatar " or " Tartar." 185— First Scotch Kail- 
way— Marshall Family — "Bisk"— Epitaph at Stanford 
Rivers— Ben Jonson and Tennyson — Sexdecim Valles. 186 
— " WicUey- up" — Archbishop King's Prison Diary — 
Witchcraft in Essex, 187. 

QUERIES :—"Paltoeli's Inn," 187 — Richard Cobden — 
Nodus Herculis— "Weathlok "—"Cater" : "Lethes"— 
"Catherine Wheel" Inn— 'Wives and Daughters' — 
Authors of Quotations Wanted— Stafford, 188— Hobgoblin's 
Claws — Lloyd Family— Ghent Arms — "Pass "—Grubh — 
Count de Bruhl— Dog of St. Roch— Ganning Family— 
Macaulay and Dickens— Whitebait Dinner— " Jolly Boat " 
Coaster, 18f)— " Alias "— J. T. Towsou— Beni-Israel, 190. 

REPLIES :— Coincidences, 190— Shakespeare's Geography- 
Coffee made of Malt— Sir Christopher Wren's Mallet. 191 
—English Cardinals- Margate Grotto— Searching Parish 
Registers— Gautier's 'Voyage en Italic,' 192— Jews and 
Eternal Punishment — Byfield House, Barnes — Long 
Lease— Coleridge as Translator, 193— Commonwealth Arms 
—Mannings and Tawell— W. H. Cullen— Castle Carewe— 
'Dialect Dictionary,' 194— Holborn Casino- Skeleton in 
Alum liock— " Hagioscope," 19.5— Mary, Qupen of Scots- 
"Flea intheear"— "Todive"— " Aceorder," 196—" Haft'" 
Fisherfolk — John Angier — Children's Festival— Watson 
of Barrasbridge— Welsh Dictionary— John Wilkes Booth, 
197—' Beowulf '—Hambleton Tribe— Whaley Family, 198. 

NOTES ON BOOKS :-Porritt'8 ' Unreformed House of 
Commons' — Mew's 'Traditional Aspects of Hell' — 
' Stevenson's Shrine ' — Barber's ' Cloud World '—Maga- 
zines and Reviews. 

Notices to Correspondents. 



SIMFEROPOL. 

This town, situated on the river Salghir, 
forty-five miles north-east of Sebastopol, is 
the seat of government. Several glens belong- 
ing to the lower slopes of the Tchatyr-Dagh 
converge in the neighbourhood, each bearing 
its contribution of flood- water to the Salghir. 
During the Tartar Khanate Simferopol was 
the site of a town or large village called 
Ak-Mechet (" White Mosque "). As the resi- 
dence of the commander-in-chief of the 
Crimean Khan's troops it also bore the name 
of Sultan-Serai (" Sultan's Palace "). At its 
occupation by the Russians in the eighteenth 
century it was burnt down, but it was rebuilt 
on the annexation of the peninsula, and made 
the chief town of the Government under its 
present name. That name has been explained 
as " Gathering Town," and as having been 
given owing to the great diversity of the 
population drawn together there. Some 
remains close by Simferopol have been iden- 
tified as the site of an ancient Neapolis. That 
name does not necessarily imply an earlier 
settlement on the same or a neighbouring 
spot, but it increases the probability that 
such was the case. It is not far off from Eski- 
Krim, the ancient Kimmerion, in the valley 



of the Churuk-su, where that stream leaves 
the hills for the treeless steppe on its way to 
the sea at Kaffa or Theodosia. On the coast, 
some thirty-five miles from Theodosia, is 
Opuk, the Kimmerikon of antiquity. These 
names suggest that Simferopol is a revival 
or survival of an old name rather than a 
new coinage ; for, so far as I can ascertain, 
no other place subject to the influence of the 
Greek tongue bears such a name, although 
it would have been a most appropriate one, 
on the received explanation, in scores of other 
places in that part of the world. Can it 
have been originally, then, a translation of 
a " barbarous " name ? That is my sugges- 
tion. There is a name, co-extensive with 
the widespread settlements of Celtic tribes, 
which is of frequent occurrence. That is 
the Breton " Kemper," the Irish " Commur," 
and the Welsh " Cymmer." It is composed 
of cj/-, cyf; cognate with the Lat. cum, and 
(perhaps) the Gk. aw, " with," " together," 
and her, Lat. fero, Gk. c^epw, Eng. "bear" ; 
and the usual rendering is " confluence." 
That rendering, however, is not etymologic- 
ally correct. Primarily, unlike the Lat. con- 
fluentes (Conflans, Coblentz), it is applicable 
to the converging glens that bring the 
streams together,and not to the streams them- 
selves. A similar remark applies to the 
kindred terms inner and aher. The distinc- 
tion is an important one, for it points to a 
topographical idea confined, I believe, to 
Celtic peoples. It can be traced back to the 
dawn of Celtic history, and is a living idiom 
in the vernacular Welsh of to-day. It is not 
necessary for an affluent to be of any import- 
ance in size or volume for its outfall to be 
called an aber. The tiniest brook, whose flow 
disappears in dry weather, may confer the 
dignity of aber upon a secluded hamlet or 
even farmhouse as idiomatically as Tawe or 
Teifi does on Swansea or Cardigan. The 
same thing is true of cymmer, though this 
is not quite so common as aber. But should 
two Welshmen, strangers to each other, 
meet, and one happen to saj'^ to the other 
that he lives " at Cymmer," the other, though 
he may be ignorant of the locality referred to, 
will at once understand that it is at the 
confluence of two or more streams. 

As the reader sees, Simferopol, or Symphero- 
polis, is an exact rendering of cymmer with 
addition of the Greek for "city." On the 
supposition, therefore, that cymmer and 
Kimmerion are two forms of the same Celtic 
word, I would suggest that the Kimmerioi 
did not bestow their name on the peninsula 
they occupied, but, on the contrary, were 
so called from the various " kimmeria " or 



182 



NOTES AND QUERIES, [o'^ s. xii. sept. 5, i903. 



converging glens that they settled in or were 
driven to. 

Although the Greeks do not seem to have 
used o-ti/xc/jepcooritsderivatives topographically, 
they did so use derivatives of crvfxfddXXu) ; 
and in reference to that fact we have an- 
other suggestive equation from the Crimea. 
Balaclava harbour was known in antiquity 
as 2i7V^6Awi' At/xiyi', usually explained " Signal 
Harbour " (from crvixfioXov). But '^v/xfSoXoJv 
Xifiijv would mean the "harbour of the 
confluences" (from av/jifSoXi]), and, although 
no streams fall into Balaclava, a glance 
at llussell's plan shows any number of 
watercourses, several of which unite about a 
mile from the landward end of the harbour. 
It must be remembered that the name might 
be suggested by the temporary confluence of 
floods, with quite as much propriety as by 
that of perennial streams. The fact that the 
neighbouring heights still bear tHe name of 
" Kamara " lends countenance to this sug- 
gestion. I may also point out that the root 
idea still survives in Western Europe in the 
"bore" of the Severn, and the ''barre" of 
the Seine, which are recurrent, and not con- 
tinuous phenomena. 

In confirmation of the Celtic kinship of 
the Kimmerioi, the name of the chieftain 
Lygdamus may be adduced — a name which 
appears " plain Greek " to Grote, but which 
Mr. Ilhys's remarks on Lugdunum in his 
' Lectures on Celtic Heathendom ' almost 
constrain one to believe to be Celtic. ISTor is 
that all. A curious statement has come down 
to us, made by the anonymous writer of a 
Periplus of the Euxine, in reference to 
Theodosia. He says that the native Alans 
called that place Ardabda, " the town of the 
seven gods." The writer may have misunder- 
stood liis informant, or the Alans may have 
confused with " seven " a term handed down 
from their Kimmerian predecessors. I have 
been unable to find a word meaning " seven " 
that looks anything like Ardabda. But we 
know that the chief of the Alans settled in 
Gaul at the time of Attila's invasion vvas 
named Sangiban. That name probably in- 
cludes the name of a god — a name that 
appears in sanguis and Sancus. Sabus is the 
form that Sancus assumes in the labializing 
dialects of Italy. Cognate forms are very 
couunon in Celtic personal and place names, 
and seem to have been extensively adopted 
into Teutonic, especially in the loan-word 
■siV/ (" victory ") and its derivatives. This is 
a very intricate subject, to which I hope to 
return in another paper. I would only 
mention now that as Sancus is to Sabus, 
so Sangarius is to Sabazius, and that my 



immediate point is that a form of the word 
" Sancus " has been confounded with the 
numeral "seven," Ardabda itself being a 
descriptive or allusive appellation, like the 
Italian Dius Fidius or the Irish Dagda. 

J. P. Owen. 



MR. SECRETARY MORICE AND LORD 
CLARENDON. 

At l^'^ S. ix. 7 was given an extract from a 
letter of 7 March, 1731, from William Bick- 
ford to the Rev. Mr. Amory, of Taunton, which 
contained the following passage : — 

" I cannot forbear aaiuainting you of a very 
curious passage in relation to Charles the Second's 
Restoration. Sir Wni. Morrice, who was one of 
the Secretaries of State soon after, was the person 
who chiefly transacted that ali'air with Monk, so 
that all the papers in order to it were sent him, 
both from King Charles and Lord Clarendon. Just 
after the thing was finished, Lord Clarendon got 
more than 200 of these Letters and other papers 
from Morrice under pretence of finishing his His- 
tory, and which were never returned. Lord Somers, 
when he was Chancellor, told Morrice's Grandson 
that if he would file a Bill in Chancery, he would 
endeavour to get tlieni ; but young Morrice, having 
deserted the Whig Interest, was prevailed upon to 
let it drop. This I know to be fact, for 1 had it not 
only from the last-mentioned Gentleman, but others 
of that family, especially a son of the Secretaries." 

Although the matter so long has slept, it 
will be of interest now to supply an indirect 
confirmation of the strange story thus told, 
and that in regard to the explanation why 
legal proceedings had not been taken to re- 
cover the documents, this being that young 
Morice (grandson of the Secretary of State) 
had "deserted the Whig interest." The re- 
ference is to Sir Nicholas Morice, of Werring- 
ton, Devon, son of Sir William Morice, first 
baronet, and grandson of Sir William Morice, 
Knt., and Secretary of State to Charles II. 
That the last-named had become heartily 
tired of the monarch he had assisted to restore 
to the throne the letter from which I have 
above quoted amply attests ; and that the 
family was regarded as of Whig tendencies 
may be judged from the fact that the son was 
left out of the commission of the peace in 1680 
(Historical MSS.Comraission,Eleventh Report, 
Appendix, part ii. p. 177). The grandson was 
likewise considered originally to be a Whig, 
as in the charter of William III. granted to 
Plymouth on 8 December, 169G, he was named 
a freeman of the borough {ibid., Ninth Report, 
Appendix, p. 282). But there is abundant 
evidence that a few years later Nicholas 
"deserted the Whig interest." He most 
actively — and it was at the time alleged 
illegally — supported at the 'general election 
of January, 1701, the Tory candidates for the 



th S. XII. Sept. 5, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



183 



Cornish borough of Newport, most of which 
he owned as proprietor of Warrington, and 
the returning officers of which (it was stated 
in a petition presented to the House of 
Commons on 23 February, 1701) he "solely 
governed." ]<]ntering Parliament himself for 
that borough at the general election of a 
year later, caused by the death of William HI., 
he soon displayed the Tory colours at West- 
minster, for in "A List of the honourable 
house of Commons, that voted for and against 
the clause for the Hanoverian succession, in 
the year 1702/' circulated by the Whigs at 
the historic dissolution of 1710, his name is 
given among the minority of 117, who were 
beaten by the Whigs by only a single vote. 
In later years he pursued the same course, 
for in February, 1707, he is to be found as a 
teller in favour of a dilatory motion against 
the Bill for a Union between the Two 
Kingdoms of England and Scotland (' Com- 
mons' Journals,' vol. xv. p. 305). And as he 
was in the time of Anne, so he was in that 
of George I. The Whig majority would not 
accept his excuse for absence from a call of 
the House on 7 December, 1719, and com- 
mitted him to the custody of the Serjeant- 
at-arms, in which he remained three days ; 
and at the general election of 1722 (the last 
at which he was returned, as he died during 
the existence of the resulting Parliament), 
when the passing of the Septennial Act was 
made a cry, he was included by a London 
Tory organ, the Weekli/ Journal, among 
"those Honourable Members who voted 
against repealing the Triennial and con- 
tinuing themselves." Alfred F, PiOBBINS. 



A BIBLIOGKAPHICAL ACCOUNT OF THE 
WORKS OF CHARLES DIBDIN. 

(See 9«> S. viii. 39, 77, 197, 279 ; ix. 421 ; 
X. 122, 243 ; xi. 2, 243, 443.) 
1798. A Tour to the Land's End, a Table Enter- 
tainment, written and composed by Charles Dibdin, 
first performed 6th October, 1798. 

The songs were published in folio, price Is., 
signed or initialled by Dibdin, and in a few 
instances stamped "C. A. D.," on a sheet of 
4 pp., the front blank, except where noted. 
In nearly every case there is an arrangement 
for two flutes on the last page. Headings of 
songs are similar to No. 1, unless noted. 

1. The Tem])le of Fame, written & composed by 
Mr. Dibdin, and Sung by him in his New Entertain- 
ment, called A Tour to the Land's End. London. 
Printed & Sold liy the author, at liis Music Ware- 
house, Leicester Place, Leicester Square. 4 jjp. 

2. Smiles and Tears. 

3. Strawberries. 4 pp. 

4. Nancy. 

o. Laughing Prohibited. 



6. The Anchorsmiths, 4 pp. 

*7. The Tea-Table. This was probably the song 
that Hogarth gives under the title ' Tlie ln(]uest.' 
S. Yo Heave Ho. 
9. Magnanimity. 4 pp. 

10. The Wig Gallery. 4 pp. 

11. Advice. 4 jjp. 

12. The Cornish Miner. 4 pp. 
*13. The Converted Rake. 

]4. Beauty's Banners. 

1.5. The Barrel Organ. 4 pp. 

16. True Courage. 4 pp. 

17. The Lady's Diary. 

*18. Cupid turned Music Master. 
*19. The Christening. 
*20. Finale. 

The above formed the original programme 
of songs, in the order as advertised, for the 
opening night. Hogarth also includes the 
following songs : — 

*21. The Italian Music Master. (This was first 
performed in ' The Sphinx," 1797.) 
22. Nelson and Warren. 

This was probably the Finale (No. 20). It 
was first published with the title ' Nelson and 
the Navy,' and soon afterwards, with an 
additional stanza, as 'Nelson and Warren.j 
In both forms it extends to 4 pp. 

The words of No. 8 appeared with an en- 
graved illustration (mezzotint, about IL^ in. 
by 10 in.), '' Published 24th April, 1799," by 
Laurie & Whittle, 53 Fleet Street, London." 
The style does not resemble that of the two 
illustrations mentioned under ' The Sphinx ' 
(1797), but it probably belongs to the same 
series. I have seen later issues from Dibdin's 
plates of No. 11, by Diether, and No. 16 by 
Bland & Weller (initialled by Dibdin). There 
are early editions by G. Walker, from new 
plates, of Nos. 4 and 16. 

1799. The Lyric Remembrancer, in Two Volumes 
written & composed by Mr. Dibdin. Vol. 1st. Lon- 
don Printed & Published by the Author and Com- 
poser, at his Music Warehouse, Leicester Place, 
Leicester Scpiare, and sold by appointment by 
Messrs. Goulding and Co. No. 45, Pall Mall, Messrs. 
Muir, Wood,& Co. Edinburgh, and by all the music- 
sellers in England and Scotland 1799. 4to, pp. ij 
and 48 ; ii and 1 blank. Contains 21 pieces. 
This is the first volume ; possibly no more 
was published. According to the advertise- 
ment on the cover of a single part which I 
have seen, a volume was to consist of seven 
monthly numbers, each containing seven 
songs ; and the collection was to be con- 
tinued beyond two volumes, being "partly 
of songs, &c., lately reverted to their author 
and composer, partly of popular Favourites, 
never before made public upon paper, and 
partly of original articles." The price of each 
number was 3.s. The first part was published 
1 October, 1799. 

1799. Dibdin's Works for Two Flutes, in twa 
volumes containing the Music of nearly Three 



184 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9"^ s. xir. Sept. 5, im. 



hundred Songs. Vol. 1st. London. Printed and 
Published, &e. [as above]. 4to, pp. ii, 90. 

This companion publication .seems, like ' The 
Lyric Uemembrancer,' to have been dis- 
continued at the end of the first volume. It 
contains 144 items, of which twenty-four were 
in each number. A later issue on inferior 
paper (water-mark date 1821) was published 
by Paine & Hopkins, GO, Cornhill. It was 
from the original plates of the first 80 pp., 
arbitrarily divided into two volumes, price 
5s. each. Possibly the publication was con- 
tinued, but I have seen no more. 

" 1799. The Vanguard ; or, British Tars Regaling 
after a Battle. A new Interlude performed for 
the first time at Covent Garden Theatre, Friday 
3rd May 1799 (Mrs. Martyr's benefit). 

This was merely a vehicle for introducing, 
"by permission of Mr. Dibdin," a number of 
his songs, sung by Incledon, Fawcett, &c. 

1799. Tom Wilkins, a Table Entertainment, 
written and composed by Charles Dibdin, first per- 
formed 5th October 1799. 

The songs were published in folio, price Is., 
and otherwise as described in 'A Tour to the 
Land's End,' q.v. Headings of songs are 
similar to No. 1, unless noted. 

1. Rational Vanity, written & composed by 
Mr. Dibdin, and Sung by him in his New Entertain- 
ment, called Tom Wilkins. London. Printed & 
Sold by the Author, at his Music Warehouse, 
Leicester Place, Leicester Sciuare. 4 pp. 

•2. The Difficult Task. 4 pp. (See No. 40, ' The 
Wags,- 1790.) 

3. The Black Pig. 

4. Nature and Nancy. 4 pp. 

5. Bulls and Blunders. 

6. The Last Shilling. 4 pp. 

7. The Old Cloathsman. (Afterwards sung in 
'Heads or Tails,' 1805.) 

8. Naval Victories. 4 pp. 

9. A Supplication for Peace. 

10. Legerdemain. Title on front page. 

11. The Lakes of Windermere. 

12. Madam Vandercrout. 4 pji. 

13. The Pride of the Ocean. (A Parody on ' The 
High-Mettled Racer.') 

14. The Rage. 4 pp. 

15. The Irish Drummer. 

10. The Portrait of Humanity. 4 pp. 

17. Dogs. 4 pp. 

18. Bottom. 

*19. The Family Concert. Also sung in ' Heads or 
Tails,' 1805. 
'•20. Tom Wilkins Port. 

The above formed the original programme 
of songs, in the order as advertised, for the 
opening night. Hogarth also includes 'Rowdy- 
dowdydow ' (No. 7 in ' The General Election ') 
and the ' Ode to Gratitude' (1800), q.v. 

1799. A Collection of Songs. Fifth and last 
volume probably published this year. See 1790, 
ante. 

1800. A Complete History of the English Stage. 
Introduced by a comparative and comprehensive 



review of the Asiatic, the Grecian, the Roman, the 
Sjianish, the Italian, the Portugese [s/r], the German, 
tlie Frencli, and other Theatres, and involving bio- 
grajihical tracts and anecdotes, instructive and 
amusing, concerning a prodigious number of authors, 
composers, painters, actors, singers, and patrons of 
dramatic ])roductions in all countries. The whole 
written, with the assistance of interesting docu- 
ments, collected in the course of five and thirty 
years, Ijy Mr. Dibdin. Vol. I. London : Printed 
for the Author, and sold by him at his Warehouse, 
Leicester Place, Leicester Square. 8vo, 5 vols. n.d. 
Dedication to the Marquis of Salisbury, dated 
■25th March, 1800. Pp. xvi (not consecutively num- 
bered), 3Se, 400, 392, 458, 487, viii. 

The titles of vols. ii. to v. are merely "A Com- 
plete History of the Stage. Written by Mr. 
Dibdin." This work was issued in monthly 
parts, beginning in 1797. 

1800. Ode to Gratitude, on the preservation of his 
Majesty. Written & Composed by Mr. Dibdin, 
and sung by him, in his various Entertainments, on 
his Tour. London. Printed and Sold by the Author, 
at his Music Warehouse, Leicester Place, Leicester 
Square. Folio, 3 pp., front blank. On fourth page ig 
an arrangement for a military band (clarinetts [m'], 
Horns & Bassoons). 

This was doubtless published soon after Hat- 
field's attempt on the king's life, 15 May, 1800. 

E. RiMBAULT Dibdin. 
Morningside, Sudworth Road, New Brighton. 
{To be continued.) 



'The Twelve Profit-s or Tribulation.' — 
An anonymous book of which the author- 
ship is entirely unknown is abhorrent to the 
bibliographical mind, and it may therefore 
be worth while to indicate a statement as to 
the name of the writer of a curious work of 
which two editions were issued from the 
press of Wynkyn de Worde. This is ' The 
XII. Profytes of Tribulacyon.' The edition 
printed at London by De Worde in 1530 is 
without pagination, and contains sigs. a-d. 
This I have not seen, but it is duly entered 
in the General Catalogue and in the Cata- 
logue of Early Printed Books of the British 
Museum under the word 'Profits.' A copy 
of an earlier edition, assigned to the year 
1499, is in the John Ry lands Library, and 
will be found catalogued under the word 
' Twelve.' It is also one of the treatises in- 
cluded in Caxton's. In Tanner's ' Bibliotheca 
Britannica ' there is an article which assigns 
an author to this curious tract. It is brief 
enough to be quoted at length : — 

"Adamus Carthusianus, illius ordinis nionachus, 
Anglus, et doctor theologian. Ex quibusdam vetustis 
paganorum* scriptis pro confirmando spaciose 
vagantis aninii inutili otio, potissimum ex sex 

" * Si Bah-Bus hunc tractatum legisset, non ex 
paganorum scriptis, sed a Cliristianis frequenter 
Jesum memorantibus compositum esse dixisset." 



9". S. XII. Sept. 5. 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIED. 



185 




' A lytill tretyse that telleth how there were syx 
mastres assembled togeder. And yche on asked 
other, what thynges they might best speke of, that 
might best please God and wer most profytable to 
the people; and all were accorded to speak of 
trybulation.' Princ. ' The furst mavster said that 
yeft any thing hadde ben better." In eodem libro 
huic tractatui proximus est liber, cui titulus 'The 
XII. profits of tribulation.' Hie tractatus do sex 
magistris et de XII. utilitatibus afflictionum ini- 
pressus est Londini siuxxx. 4to. Scalam cceli 
attingendi (sive 'Scala claustralium,' MS. Norwic. 
epis. More, 126, lib. 1. ' Uum die quadam corpo- 
irali manuuni.' Inter MSS. Worsl. intitulatur, 'A 
ladder of iv. rowgys by the whych ladder men 
mowen well clymbre to hevyn.' Princ. 'As I 
was occupyed on a day in bodily.' ' De sumptione 
eucharistias,' lib. 1. 'Quando Dominum nostrum 
sub panis." Inter MSS. Worsl. habetur hie libellus 
MS. paginani unam tantum complens. Princ. 
'Furst when yeresceve our Lord.' ' Vitam Hugonis 
Lincoln.,' lib. 1. ' S. Hugo geuetricis solatio.' MS. 
Bale penes D. Will. Glynn. Hujus Adami 'Specu- 
lum spiritualium,' lib. vii. MS. olim in bibl. 
monast. Syon. Claruisse fertur anno Domini 
MCX'CXL. Bal. V. 419. Pits. 441." 

_ Such is the account of Adam the Carthu- 
sian in Tanner's 'Bibliotheca Britannico- 
Hibernico ' (Lond., 1748, p. 7). 

Tanner is not infallible, and the biography 
of St. Hugh of Lincoln is attributed to 
Adam of Eynsham, and the ' Scala Ccli ' 
to Guigo Carthusianus. (See Dr. H. K. 
Luard in ' Dictionary of National Biography,' 
vol. i. p. 77.) No other claimant appearing 
for the tract on tribulation, we may, for the 
present at all events, assign it to Adamus 
Carthusianus. The tract as printed by 
Wynkyn de Worde is plainly a version of 
the Latin, and a portion of the original text 
is left untranslated. William E. A. Axon. 
Manchester. 

De. Edmoni) Halley. (See 9"' S. x. 361 ; xi. 
85, 205, 366, 46.3, 496 ; xii. 125.)— Me. Waine- 
weight's communication (9"' S. xi. 496), for 
which I am obliged, gives me the first in- 
timation of the fact that Dr. Halley's younger 
surviving daughter, Mrs. C. Price, was aged 
seventy-seven years at the time of her death, 
10 November, 1765. Thus, too, one perceives 
that she and her elder sister Margaret were 
nearly of the same age, botli having been 
born circa 1688. It is quite probable that 
Dr. Halley had other children, born between 
the years 1682 and 1688, who died in infancy. 
Whether his onlj^ surviving son Edmund, 
Juu., was born before or after 1688 is not 
clear, although it appears likely that he 
■was younger than either of his above-men- 
tioned sisters; for in ' Biog. Brit.,' iv. 2517, 
it is said of him that he "lived to man's 



estate and afterwards." As he died 1740/1, 
this statement wouU' easily permit of his 
birth subsequently to 1700. 

I have also to thank Me. Clayton for his 
reply (9"' S. x. 97) to my query {ihid. 27) as 
to origin of name of two streets (or roads) in 
or near London, called "Halley." Me. Clay- 
ton inclines to the opinion tliat they were 
named after Dr. Halley, a considerable por- 
tion of whose life was spent in that vicinity. 
Anotlier correspondent suggests that those 
streets received their names from a con- 
tractor so named, or possibly from the llev. 
Robert Hallejs the Nonconformist _ divine, 
who towards the close of his life resided for 
some years in the neighbourhood mentioned. 

After his marriage, 1682, Dr. Halley took 
up his residence at Islington ('Biog. Brit.,' 
iv. 2500), subsequently removing to a house 
in Golden Lion Court, Aldersgate Street 
i^ibid. 2508). 

One Katherine Halley was baptized at 
St. Mary's, Islington, in January, 1683. (For 
this I am indebted to the kindness of ^Ir. 
Henry Bilby, 8, Tyndale Place, Islington.) 

In a letter from Dr. Halley to Dr. Charlett, 
Oxford, dated London, 23 June, 1705, the 
former uses these words : — 

" I return you many thanks for your re]ieated 
favours, as well hi what rekite.'< to my Iiou-sf, vherein 
I mud eMeem i/ou my greatest heiiefartor, as for your 
kind endeavours to give reputation and value to my 
small performance about comets, which no ways 
deserves a place in your catalogue, or to bear the 
badge of the Theatre."'— Cp. ' Letters written by 
Eminent Persons,' &c., i. 139, 140. London, 1S13. 

The italics are mine. To what services of 
Dr. Charlett do those words refer 1 The con- 
clusion and possibly an additional paragraph 
of the said letter are not printed. Will a 
correspondent at Oxford be so good as to 
throw light upon this matter 1 

The MS. Life of Halley, said to be pre- 
served in the library of the Observatory at 
Oxford, may contain some new biograpliical 
data. 

Who were the grandparents of Halley 
Benson Millikin (born ciira 1750?), son of 
James Millikin and Jane Entwisle, who were 
married in St. Paul's Cathedral, 26 October, 
1749'? Eugene Faiefield McPike. 

1, Park Row, Room 606, Chicago, U.S. 

"Tatae" oe " Taetae."' — Mr. Edwin 
Pears, in his recently published book 'The 
Destruction of the Greek Empire and the 
Story of the Capture of Constantinople,' in- 
foi-ms his readers, on the authority of Dr. 
Koelle, that " Tatar " is an incorrect spelling 
learnt from the Chinese, who cannot pro- 
nounce r. This theory would do credit to 



186 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9"' s. xii. sept. 5, im 



that learned body of &A)ants mentioned in 
' Gulliver's Travels.' Jo does not account, 
however, for the presence of the final r. As 
a matter of fact, the Magyars also " mis- 
pronounce " the name of their old enemies, 
who between the thirteenth and eighteenth 
centuries devastated Hungary on several 
occasions ; and history does not record the 
fact that the latter took Chinamen specially 
with them on their raids to teach the unlucky 
Magyars how to pronounce their name. 

L. L. K. 

First Railway in Scotland. — In the 
recently published section of the ' Oxford 
English Dictionary ' it is stated that a rail- 
way existed at Newcastle in the beginning 
of the seventeenth centurj^, but no quotation 
is given in reference to it. Tlie earliest rail- 
way in Scotland seems to have been a hun- 
dred years later, as appears from the follow- 
ing passages in M'Neill's 'Tranent and its 
Surroundings ' (pp. 4, 30) : — 

" In 1719 the York Buildings Company, of London, 

became possessors of the Winton estates This 

comiiany had the honour of constructing, in 1722, 
the first tram-road, or waggon-way, that ever was 
made. The rails were formed of wood, and it 

stretched from Port-Seton harbour to the west 

end of Tranent Down this wooden tramway 

both coals and pauwood were hurled in waggons 
containing two tons each, one horse being attached 
to each waggon. By this means were the salt pans 
at Cockenzie and the shipping at Port-Seton har- 
bour supplied. In 1815 Mr. John Cadell, who some- 
time previous to tliis had acquired the lands of 
Tranent, removed the wooden tramway and had an 
iron one substituted." 

The old wooden-railed line is the " waggon- 
way" which is so frequently mentioned in 
accounts of the battle of Prestonpans in 1745 

W. S. 

Marshall Family.— It may be of interest 
to some of your genealogical readers to know 
of the existence of the following family 
register contained in a Book of Common 
Prayer according to the Use of the Church 
of England, post 8vo, Edin., 17G1, which is 
No. 208 in Catalogue No. 116 of Mr. Walter 
T. Spencer, 27, New Oxford Street, W.C. :— 

" On the fly-leaves is inscribed a register of a 
family commencing with the marriage of David 
Marshall and Isobel Boyd, at .Stonehaven, in 1769, 
with the births of seven children, and probably 
some grandchildren, named respectively Marshall, 
Buchan, and Mcidment." 

Ix. Barclay- Allardice. 
Lostwithiel, Cornwall. 

" BisK."-The ' N.E.D.' gives this word in 
the sense of a kind of soup. This can hardly 
be its meaning in the following. VVriting 
of the Bannians atSurat in 1690, J. Ovington, 



in 'A Voyage to Suratt in the Year 1689' 
(London, 1696), says : — 

"Therefore they never taste the flesh of any 
thing that has breath'd the Common Air, nor pol- 
lute themselves with feeding on any thing endued 
with Life ; and are struck with astonishment at 
the voratious Ap])etites of the Christians, who heap 
whole Bisks of Pish upon their Tables, and sacrifice 
whole Hecatombs of Animals to their Gluttony." 

Emeritus. 

Epitaph at Stanford Rivers. — The fol- 
lowing epitaph, of the early nineteenth cen- 
turj', is on a marble slab on the north wall 
of the chancel of Stanford Rivers Church, 
near Ongar, Essex : — 

Had prayer been gifted to avert thy fall, 
Cou'd Love have saved thee or might tears recall, 
Were lengthened life allied to female worth, 
Thou, dearest, still wert habitant of earth. 
Ah, Mem'ry fondly wins thee back to life. 
Hails her loved friend, her daughter, sister, wife, 
While Hope, by some descending angel given, 
Points to the bleeding cross, and whispers peace 
from heaven. 

T. Wilson. 
Rivers Lodge, Harpenden, Herts. 

Ben Jonson and Tennyson.— On p. 52 of 
his admirable monograph on Tennyson in the 
" English Men of Letters " series, Sir Alfred 
Lyall makes some pertinent remarks on the 
stanza of ' In Memoriam.' He says : — 

"We know from the 'Memoir' that Tennyson 
believed himself to be the originator of the metre 
of ' In Memoriam,' until after its api^earance he 
was told that it might be found in Elizabethan 
poetry and elsewhere. Of the two specimens in Ben 
Jonson, one of then>, the elegy ' Underwood,' has a 
certain resemblance in movement and tone with 
Tennyson's shorter pieces in the same metre." 

This is an imperfect reference. In Jonson's 
'Underwoods' there are nine lyrics, each of 
which is entitled " an elegy." That which 
anticipates Tennyson's stanza is marked 
No. xxxix. of the collection, and is not readily 
found unless alluded to by its specific num- 
ber. Thomas Bayne. 

Sexdecim Valles.— This name is a diffi- 
culty to those who are unacquainted with 
Yorkshire topography. In theSurteesSociety's 
Publications, vol. Ixxxviii. p. 310, Marma- 
duke de Tweng (i.e., Thwing in the East 
Riding) wishes to produce one Laurence de 
Sexdecim Vallibus as a witness, and in the 
index this is said to stand for " Severs." In 
vol. xc. p. 180, another witness is named 
" Magister Thomas de xvj vallibus "; but the 
editor quietly ignores him, and omits him 
from the index. Again, in vol. xcii. p. 556, 
mention is made of "Nicholas de Sexdecim 
Vallibus," who is so indexed. The present 
name of the place is Thixendale, a village 



9«. S. XII. Sept. 5, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



187 



on the wolds, in the East Riding. In 1451 a 
Dean of York gives a legacy to a boy named 
Robert Sixindale (vol. xlv. p. 116). The 
old forms in English are all set out in 
vol. xlix. p. 529 : Sixtedale, Sixtendale, 
Xistendale, Sexendale, Sixendale, and are 
all identified with the Thixendale of the 
modern Ordnance Survey. W. C. B. 

" WicKEY-UP." — This North American term 
for a hut of boughs (as opposed to a tent of 
skins) is given in the '(Century Dictionary' 
without etymology. I have ascertained that 
it is from the language of the Sac or Saki 
Indians, a western branch of the Algonquins. 
I have taken some pains to get at the exact 
origin of this word, because I think it bids 
fair to become a permanent and popular 
addition to our vocabulary. I have met with 
it lately in no fewer than three magazines— 
viz., the t^nglish Illustrated (vol. xxv. p. 30), 
the Pnll Mall (vol. xxviii. p. 27), and last, 
but not least, in an amusing story by Rudyard 
Kipling in the Windsor for December (vol. 
xvii. p. 12), where one of the characters says, 
"See those spars up-ended over there "? I 
mean that wickey-up thing 1 " I recommend 
this for inclusion in the ' N.E.D.' 

Jas. Platt, Jun. 

AucHBisHOP King's Prison Diary, 1689.— 
This MS. by the well - known writer Wra. 
King, D.D., successively Dean of St. Patrick's, 
Bishop of Derry, and Archbishop of Dublin, 
written during his imprisonment in Dublin 
Castle, is now being published by the 
Royal Societj' of Antiquaries of Ireland. 
The Rev. H. J. Lawlor, D.D., of Trin. Coll., 
Dublin, to whom the public are indebted for 
" Some Worthies of the Irish Church, by the 
late Geo. T. Stokes, D.D.," 1899, and other 
works, has added a very interesting preface, 
as well as valuable notes. That Dr. King's 
correspondent, with whom he appears _ to 
have succeeded in keeping up communica- 
tions, was George Toilet there can be little 
doubt, though the editor makes no reference 
to him. 

After Archbishop King's death in 1729, his 
papers passed to his nephew and executor, 
Archdeacon Dougatt(the Scottish "Duguid"), 
who died about a year after his uncle, when 
they came into the possession of the arch- 
deacon's nephews and heirs, the Rev. Robert 
Spence, rector of Donaghmore, and the Rev. 
Robert Bryan, from whose descendants the 
King collections of MSS. in Triii. Coll., 
Dublin, and those noticed in the Hist. MSS. 
Commission's Reports have been derived. 

Dr. Lawlor, in his preface, states that the 
owner of the Diary, Capt. J. A. Gordon King, 



Scots Guards, of Tertowie, Aberdeenshire, a 
property purchased by his father, the late 
Lieut.-Col. W. Ross King, is " the representa- 
tive of tlie Barra (Archbishoi) King's) family 
in Scotland." Such a claim is more easily 
made than ])roved, as the only families law- 
fully entitled to bear the Barra coat of arms 
undifferenced are those of King of Corrard, 
baronets, and King of Newmilne, co. Elgin, 
the latter's right to the arms having been 
confirmed to Wm. King of that place in the 
middle of the eighteenth century, nearly a 
hundred years before the grant of arms to 
Capt. Gordon King's family was recorded. 

Genealogist. 

Witchcraft in Essex. — The following 
cutting from the East London Advertiser of 
1 August gives an interesting example of a 
state of mind which not even Education Acts 
and the united efforts of forty thousand 
school teachers seem to have much power 
to deal with : — 

" Those who have read Mr. Arthur Morrison's 
book ' Cunning Murrell ' are in possession of some 
interesting facts about witchcraft in Essex lialf a 
century ago. Here is an up-to-date item. A Bishop 
Stortford barber was cutting the hair of a customer 
from a neighbouring village on Tuesday, when he 
was requested to save a piece of hair from the nape 
of the neck. The barber ascertained that the man 
imagined some one in the village had done him an 
injury, and to have revenge he intended to cast a 
spell upon him. The hair from the nape of the 
neck, the lip, and armpits, the parings of the nails, 
and other ingredients, mixed with water, were to 
be corked up in a bottle and placed on the lire at 
night. Desiring sickness to fall upon his enemy, 
his wish would be accomplished as the bottle burst, 
which would be as near midnight as possible." 

W. F. Ppjdeaux. 



We must request correspondents desiring infor- 
mation on family matters of only private interest 
to affix their names and addresses to their queries, 
in order that the answers may be addressed to them 
direct. 

" Paltock's Inn."— Is anything known as 
to the history of this expression, used in the 
end of the sixteenth century for " a poor or 
inhospitable place of sojourn"? Thus S. 
Gosson, ' School of Abuse,' 1579 (Arber, p. 52), 
" Comming to Chenas, a blind village, in com- 
parison of Athens a Paltockes Inne, he [Ana- 
charsis] found one Miso well governing his 
house." And shortly after (1583) Stanyhirst, 
in his version of Virgil's ' /Eneid,' renders iii. 
60-61, 

Omnibus idem animus scelerata excedere terra, 
Linqui poUutum hospitium, et dare classibus 
Austrosj 



188 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [O'-^ s. xii. sept. 5, im 



by 

Swif tlye they determined too flee from a coimtrye so 

wycked, 
Paltocks Iiine leauing, too wrinche thee nauye too 

southward. 

The " paltock " was, as is well known, a kind 
of short coat or sleeved doublet, worn by men 
from the fourteenth to the sixteenth century. 
But immediate connexion between this and 
Paltock's Inn is not obvious, unless some inn 
notorious for its shabbiness or churlishness 
had as its sign a paltock (cf. " the Tabard ")• 
On the other hand, Paltock's Inn, whether 
an inn for travellers, or an inn for students 
of law, may, like Clement's Inn and Gray's 
Inn, have been named after some person 
having the surname Paltock. I shall be glad 
of any communications or pertinent sugges- 
tions on the subject. J. A. H. Murray. 
Oxford. 

lliCHARD CoBDEN. — Who was the author of 
the verses published in a country newspaper 
the week after Cobden's death in 1865, and 
issued as a leaflet by the Cobden Club ? Three 
of them are as follows : — 

Pure-hearted Hero of a bloodless fight ! 

Clean-handed Captain in a painless war ! 
Soar, spirit, to the realms of Truth and Light, 
Where the Just are ! 

If one poor cup of water given shall have 

Due recognition in tlie Day of Dread, 
Angels may welcome tins one, for he gave 
A nation bread ! 

No narrow patriot bounded by the strand 

Of his own Isle, he led a new advance, 
And opened, with the olive-branch in hand, 
The ports of France. 

T. Fisher Unwin. 

Nodus Herculis. — I should be glad of 
early references. Has the nature of the knot 
been described ? H. G. 

" Wenthlok."— In a charter at the British 
Museum, dated 37 Edward III., I find men- 
tion of certain lands " in Kaj'rwent infra 
comitatum de Wenthlok in W^allia." Accord- 
ing to several of the publications of the 
Monmouth and Caerleon Antiquarian Asso- 
ciation, the county or lordship of WentUwch 
was bounded on the east by the Usk, and 
the lordship, in fact, corresponds more or less 
with the modern Hundred of Wentloog. 
Caerwent is, however, in Caldecot Hundred, 
in the ancient Nether Gwent, and a consider- 
able distance from the PTsk. Is there any 
instance of WentUwch being used as a name 
for South Monmouthshire generally ? Or is 
there any place in Wentloog Hundred which 
is now, or has been, called Caerwent? 

H. I. B. 



"Cater" : "Lethes."— In the ninth chapter 
of Hector Boece's ' History and Chronicles of 
Scotland,' as translated by Archdean John 
Bellenden(vol. i. p. xxxvii), the writer, speak- 
ing of the fat of the gannet or solan goose, 
which bred in large numbers on the Bass 
Rock, says : " It helis mony infirmiteis, 
speciallie sik as cumis be gut and cater dis- 
ceding in the hanches or lethes of men and 
wemen." I am unable to make out what the 
words "cater" and "lethes" mean, though 
perhaps " lethes " is an old Scotch spelling 
for "legs," and shall be much obliged to any 
one better informed who can help me. 

J. H. GURNEY. 
Keswick Hall, Norwich. 

" Catherine Wheel " Inn. — Can some 
reader give me any information as to the 
site in Oxford, or other particulars, of the 
"Catherine Wheel" Inn where the Gun- 
powder Plot conspirators are said to have 
met? C. J. P. 

'Wives and Daughters.' — I should be 
much obliged if you would let me know in 
what magazine Mrs. Gaskell's 'Wives and 
Daughters ' appeared. T. W. 

\_GornhiU, August, 1864, to January, 1866.] 

Authors of Quotations Wanted. — Where 
are the following lines to be found 1 — 

I asked of Time for whom those temples rose, 
That prostrate by his hand in silence lie ; 
His lips disdained the mystery to disclose, 
And, borne on swifter wing, he hurried by. 

Tell me, ye winged winds, that round my pathway 

roar, 
Know ye some blissful spot where mortals weep no 

more. 
Some lone and pleasant dell, some valley in the 

West, 
Where, free from toil and pain, the weary soul may 

rest? 
The loud wind dwindled to a whisper low. 
And sighed for pity as it answered "No." 

No God, no Truth ? receive it ne'er, 

Believe it ne'er, O man ! 
But turn not then to seek again 

What first the ill began. 
No God, it saith : ah, wait in faith 

God's self-completing plan ; 
Receive it not, but leave it not, 

And wait it out, O man. 

Indiana. 

Stafford. — Can any family of the name of 
Stafford trace their descent from Thomas 
Stafford, of Botham Hall, Mellor, Derbyshire, 
and his wife Dorothy Bagshaw, the second 
daughter of Thomas Bagshaw, of the Ridge, 
Derbyshire, who were married in the year 
1631? Thomas Strafford. 

Beechland, St. George's Road, 
St. Margaret's-on-Thames. 



Q^H S. XII. Sept. 5, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



189 



Hobgoblin's Claws. — What are these? 
Mortimer's ' Husbandry,' ed. 1721, vol. i. 
p. 222, says : — 

"Hobsoblin's Claws scraped to Powder, and put 
into a Quill, and blown into a Man's. Horse's, 
or Beast's Eye, is an extraordinary thing. You 
may have it at most Apothecaries in London." 

F. J. F. 

Lloyd Family. — Of what family was 
Edmund Lloyd, of Cardiff, High Sheriff of 
Glamorganshire in 1738? 1 should be glad 
to have particulars of his parentage and 
marriage, and to know whether he left any 



Newiiort, Mon. 



Newton Wade. 



Ghent Arms. — What coat of arras was used 
by this famous city in the fifteenth century? 

A. E. Bayley. 
St. Margaret's, Malvern. 

"Pass." — The sister of a clergyman who 
has latel}^ accepted a living in Lincolnshire 
is amazed to find that the natives say, " Will 
you pass me the bread-and-butter ?" "Please 
pass the plate," and so on. In which of the 
English counties is this use of pass familiar, 
and in which is it unknown ? An excellent 
French dictionary, abridged from Littre's 
great work, states that jxisser may signify 
" Transmettre, remettre de la main a la main," 
and gives as an example, " Passer cela a votre 
voisin "; so clearly the phrase is not in itself 
objectionable. Yet the lady above mentioned 
is not alone in condemning it. Some years 
ago I heard it quoted as one of the locutions 
which are " impossible " in good society. 

Mr. Jingle, who was not, however, in good 
society, uses the term in the second chapter 
of ' Pickwick ': — 

" ' Beg your pardon, sir,' said the stranger, ' bottle 
stands— pass it round— way of the sun— through the 

button-hole— no heeltaps.' The wine was passed, 

and a fresh supply ordered." 

M. P. 

[So far as our knowledge extends, the custom is 
general. It is certainly so in London and the West 
Riding.] 

Grubb. — I shall be greatly obliged for any 
information relating to the origin of this 
surname. G. H. Grubb. 

39, Airedale Road, Balham, S.W. 

Count de Bruhl. — The other day I visited 
Chingford Old Church, Essex, and saw for the 
first time a plain headstone to the memory of 
"George, Count de Bruhl, died 1855, aged 
80 years." It would be very interesting to 
lovers of Carlyle's 'Frederick the Great' if 
it could be shown what connexion there was 
between the Saxon Prime Minister, Count de 



Bruhl, who suffers from the lash of Carlyle, 
and the George, Count de Bruhl, whose bones 
lie at Chingford ; also what led to his burial 
overlooking the valley of I/.aak Walton's 
gentle Lea. For the information of the 
curious among your readers, I may add that 
the stone is to be found on the left of the 
stile leading from the path across the Lea 
valley meadows. F. H. Wiltshire. 

Doc OF St. Roch.— In the Azores there is 
said to have been a place to which the dog of 
St. Roch was tracked, and where, in con- 
sequence, a cliurch was built (Folk -Lore, 
June, p. 127). What is known in ecclesiastical 
legend or folk-lore concerning St. Roch's dog? 
It is strange to find even in a popular tale a 
church built in commemoi'ation of an animal. 

Astarte. 

Canning Family.— Among tlie household 
of the Stuarts in exile mention is made of a 
family called Canning, the male line of which 
died out about the middle of the last century. 
I should be very glad to know where I could 
get any information about them, and to learn 
whether, as I think I have seen somewhere, 
they were illegitimate children of the elder 
Pretender. There was a reference to them in 
the Daily Nevjs some years ago, but I have 
lost it. ■ T. E. 

Macaulay and Dickens.— Macaulay (House 
of Commons, 9 August, 1845, debate on Theo- 
logical Tests in Scotch Universities) said : — 

" Is it seriously meant that, if a druggist is a 
Swedenborgian, it would be better for himself and 
his customers that he lihonld not kiioir the difftrencc 
between Epsom salts and oxalic acid V 

Are not these last words a quotation from 
the immortal juryman in 'Pickwick,' finished 
1837? If so, is not this the only citation in 
Macaulay's works from Dickens ? 

Herman Cohen. 

Ministerial Whitebait Dinner.— When 
was instituted this function, which used to 
be held at Greenwich at the close of each 
session, and when was it last held ? I re- 
member it as having taken place in 1879, 
when Lord Beaconsfield was Premier. 

Politician. 

"Jolly Boat " Coaster. — About 100 years 
ago three " coasters " were made : one for Wil- 
berforce the philanthropist, another for his 
brother-in-law Mr. Terrot, and the third for 
my grandfather, Charles Poole. The last is 
now in my possession. It is in the form of 
a flat-bottomed boat, of iron or tin, painted 
red. The bottom and halfway up the sides 
are covered with fur, so that it could be easily 
drawn by the ring at the bows round the 



190 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9"' s. xii. Sept. s, im 



mahogany table at dessert. There are 
two rowlocks on each side. On the stern 
"Jolly Boat" is painted. Inside are i^laces 
(lined with red leather) for two decanters, 
and there are also holes for two stoppers. 
Can any reader tell me where the other two 
are? No one to whom I have shown it had 
ever seen a double coaster before. 

M. Ellen Poole. 
Alsager, Cheshire. 

" Alias " in the Sixteenth and Seven- 
teenth Centukies.— Can any of your readers 
inform me of the meaning and origin of 
"alias" in connexion with surnames about 
the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries? 
I am interested in the case of a family 
which preserved the use of an alias for more 
than a century. Beacon. 

[But one instance of use in the sixteenth century 
isnotedin the 'N.E.D.'] 

John Thomas Towson. — Can any Liver- 
pop! reader supply information concerning 
this gentleman ? He was about 1870 a 
prominent member of the Historic Society of 
Lancashire and Cheshire. Is he living ; and, 
if dead, when did he die, and where was he 
buried? T. Cann Hughes, M.A., F.S.A. 

Lancaster. 

Beni-Iseael.— Would any of your readers 
be so kind as to tell me how it is that the 
tribe of Jews in Bombay known as Beni- 
Israel numbers but 5,000 members, although 
the settlement has been in existence for 
1,000 years? M. E. R. 



COINCIDENCES. 
(8'h S. viii. 124, 177, 270, 3.34; 9"^ S. xii. 137.) 
Adventures are to the adventurous, and 
coincidences, I suppose, are to the "coinci- 
dential," amongst whom I may reckon 
myself, as I have met with many in the 
course of my Hfe. One occurred on the 
evening of Sunday, 9 August, just after 
1 had read Mr. Page's communication. I 
was conversing with a literary friend-an 
old Irinity man— when our talk turned on 

i! i' — 7' ,""® ^^ ^'^^ renowned classical 
school of Kennedy and Shilleto, whose 
contributions in years gone by were among 
the most valuable features of • N. & Q.' My 
friend remarked that the Professor had told 
him that lie ate less, drank less, and read 
more than any man in Cambridge, and that 
he had become a vegetarian, because he 
disliked making his stomach a "sepulchre 



for dead bullocks." As soon as my f riend i 
had gone, I took up the Athenceum for the 
previous day, and began to read the opening 
article — a review of Prof. Stanley Lane- 
Poole's ' ?.Iediaival India under Mohammedan 
Rule.' There I found a reference to the 
authors "vivid description " of the Emperor 
Akbar, who, amongst other things, "took 
meat but twice a week, and even then 
with repugnance, for he disliked making his 
body a 'tomb for beasts.'" Whether the 
learned Professor, who has read nearly 
everything that the printing-press has ever 
produced, borrowed his expression from some 
account of Akbar which he had unconsciously 
assimilated, I cannot say, but it is curious 
that within the space of ten minutes I should 
have encountered the same expressive meta- 
phor, employed first by a Cambridge pro- 
fessor, and secondly by a Mogul emperor — 
personages who on the surface would seem 
to have absolutely nothing in common with 
each other. W. F. Prideaux. 

I am tempted to contribute a couple of 
instances in my own experience, the strange- 
ness of which will perhaps be deemed a suf- 
ficient warrant. In the j'ear 1876 I returned 
home one evening and heard a number of 
friends engaged in an animated discussion. 
I could hear their voices, but could not distin- 
guish the words; indeed, I did not wait to do 
so. On my opening the door and entering 
the room one of the party said : " We are 
debating a point of history." I said, without 
more object than the most casual and frivolous 
remark can have, "I know what it is : you 
are discussing as to how James 1. was 
descended from Henry VII." To my most 
intense surprise they said, " Oh, you over- 
heard us." I found it all but impossible to 
persuade them that, by a pure and thought- 
less guess, I had actually hit upon the subject 
of their debate. 

In the autumn of 1881 I paid a first visit to 
Norwich, the original home of my paternal 
ancestors. One of my chief objects in going 
there was to see a certain brass, vvhich, accord- 
ing to Blomefield's 'Norfolk,' was preserved 
in the church of St. Peter, Mancroft, and bore 
an inscription ending with the distich : — 

Whos dvst lyeth here my own remaine 

Tho now is parted yet once shall meete againe. 

I accordingly went to St. Peter's, and it is 
easy to imagine my dismay when I found the 
interior in the hands of the restorer, the walls 
entirely covered with sacking, and the floor 
with sand and mortar. To find any particular 
monument was so obviously impossible that 
I did not attempt it, but went straight to the 



9tH S. XII. Sept. 5, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



191 



vestry in the hope of seeing the i-egisters. 
Lying on the church chest which held the 
books was a small strip of metal. I took it 
up and read on it, in seventeenth-century 
capitals, the words : — 

Whos dvst lyetli here my own rcinaiiie 

Tho now is parted yet once shall meete agaiiic. 

John Hobson Matthews. 
Monmouth. 

Shakespeare's Geography (9'^'' S. xi. 208, 
333, 416, 469 ; xii. 90).— As it would be impos- 
sible for me, even if allowed a complete 
number of ' N. & Q.,' to reply to the argu 
ments of Messrs. Thomas Bayne, C. M. 
Phillips, E. Yardley, E. F. Bates, and John 
B. Wainewright, it is needless for me to 
attempt to dispute their contention that 
Ba.con's mistakes were due to want of verifi- 
cation and those of the writer of the Shake- 
speare plays to ignorance, and that the 
numerous classical quotations in the dramas 
were not drawn direct from their Latin 
authors, but were simply hackneyed. Does 
it not seem strange that a man in his works 
should use Latin quotations fitting accu- 
rately into the context without knowing their 
meaning ? 

Books have been written to show the learn- 
ing and classical knowledge of the author of 
the plays, but apparently modern Shake- 
speareans will have none of it, although 
Canon Beeching names a number of Latin 
authors whom Shakespeare must have read 
at school, and Mr. Yardley acknowledges 
that "Shakespeare, apparently, must have 
knoivR something of Plautus." How else he 
could have obtained the plot of 'The Comedy 
of Errors ' is a mystery to Shakespearean 
commentators. To those who maintain, as 
Mr. Yardley does, tliat "' tliere are no signs 
of classical learning in his great plays,"" that 
he had neither read nor was capable of read- 
ing Latin," and that lie " had never read 
Greek," I would recommend a study of Mr. 
Churton Collins's articles in tho Fortiwjhtly 
Reinew on the subject 'Had Shakespeare 
read the Greek Tragedies 'I ' The Daih/ 
Netvs was very indignant at Mr. Collins 
proving his case and thus " strengtiien- 
ing the hands of the Baconians," at the 
same time stating : — 

" It is right to say that in the article not a little 
evidence is adduced to show that Shakespeare 
might conceivably have acquired the necessary 
classical knowledge in the grannnar school at 
Stratford. [Canon Beeching, as Shakespearean as 
Mr. Collins, also gives this as the only feasible ex- 
planation of the classical knowledge he finds in tlie 
jilays.] There is nothing absolutely impossible in 
the supposition tliat he did so, except the strong 
evidence that, as a jnatter of fact, he did not," 



As a classical knowledge does not fit into the 
life of Shakespeare, ergo the classical know- 
ledge displayed in the dramas is not classical 
knowledge. Had Shakespeare been educated 
at Oxford or Cambridge, or even West- 
minstei' School (as Ben .Tonson was) — any 
school but that of Stratford — the classical 
knowledge would have been detected and 
held up to admiration witliout doubt. Sad 
necessity, however, may cause men to be 
wilfully blind. 

Mr. John B. Wainewright maintains that 
Bacon and Shakespeare "made no blunder" 
about Aristotle's view of youth and ethics. 
In that case both Bacon and Shakespeare had 
read Greek, either Aristotle's 'Nicomachean 
Ethics ' or Plato's 'Euthydemus,' all in favour 
of Shakespeare's derided classical knowledge. 
Mr. Wainewright evidently agrees with Mr. 
Collins on this point. As to Mr. Phillips's 
discovery that in my letter I annexed seven 
lines from Devey's notes in his edition of 
Bacon's works, I find that the errors in 
Bacon to which I alluded were entered years 
ago in my commonplace book, without any 
reference to tlie name of the discoverer, who 
was evidently Devey, and to whom I return 
thanks for a valuable piece of information. 
It is very improbable, despite this annexation 
on my part, that in tho course of a few 
centuries my name will be taken — or mis- 
taken—for that of Mr. Devey. 

George Stronach. 

Coffee made of Malt (9"' S. xii. 68).— 
Coffee, I need hardly say, never has been, and 
never can be, really made of malt, but vialt 
cofee, so called, which is, I believe, a mixture 
of malt and coffee, is well known. The late 
Mr. Michael Conroy, F.C.S., of Liverpool, 
introduced a brand of this a good many 
years ago, which is still obtainable, and for 
which he claimed that it was more digestible 
than coffee pure and simple. This, if true, 
would be owing to the diastase in the malt, 
but as the action of malt-diastase is, as Squire 
says, " greatly retarded by a very slight 
acidity," it is doubtful whether it would con- 
tinue " in the presence of normal gastric 
juice." 



C. C. B. 



It may perhaps be in point to state that a 
coffee, or rather a substitute for coffee, pre- 
pared from cereals, is sold in the LTnited 
States under the name of " Postum." The 
grains are roasted and are probably first 
malted. John Phin. 

Paterson, N.J., U.S. 

Mallet used by Sir Christopher Wren 
(9"' S. ix. 346, 493; x. 17, 136, 218). — The 
mallet mentioned at the first reference was 



192 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [o*-^ s. xii. sept. 5, 1903. 



evidently also used by King Edward VII., 
when as Prince of Wales he laid the founda- 
tion stone of Truro Catliedral on 20 May, 
1880. In Church Bells of 17 July is an article 
on 'Truro and its Cathedral,' wherein is 
given a copy of the inscription contained on 
a silver plate affixed to the mallet. This I 
transcribe as follows : — 

" By order of the Most Worshipful the (4rand 
Master, his Royal Highness the Duke of Sussex, 
and W.M. of the Lodge of Antiquity, and with the 
concurrence of the brethren of the lodge, tliis plate 
has been engraven and afR.xed to this mallet, A.r,. 5831, 
A.I). 1827, to commemorate that this, being the same 
mallet [with] which his Majesty King Charles II. 
laid the foundation stone of 8t. Paul's Cathedral, 
A.L. 5679, A.I). 1675, was presented to the old Lodge 
of St. Paul, the Lodge of Antiquity, by Brother 
Sir Christopher Wren, R.W.D.G.M., W.M. of this 
lodge, and architect of the edifice." 

John T. Page. 
West Haddon, Northamptonshire. 

English Cardinals (9'^'' S. xii. 105).— 
Mr. Robbins has overlooked Edward Henry, 
Cardinal Howard, who was created cardinal- 
priest in 1877, and cardinal-bishop of Frascati 
in 1881, and died in 1892. 

John B. Wainewright. 

The Grotto at Margate (9'^ S. xii. 14, 75). 
— Judging by the communications which have 
appeared on this subject, it would seem not 
to be generally known that at the end of the 
eighteenth century and the beginning of 
the nineteenth it was not uncommon for the 
owners of property to ornament their grounds 
with a grotto of shells. A very excellent 
specimen of this kind of structure may be 
seen at Combehay Park, near Bath ; two 
others are or were at Prior Park ; and a 
third, on a more ambitious scale, at Ponty- 
pool, Wales. They were the work of a man 
named Stephen Gunston Titt, who appears 
to have combined with this occupation that 
of a landscape gardener. He died in 1816. 
Doubtless there were others who followed 
the vocation of grotto building. W. T. 

Fees for searching Parish Registers 
(9'*^ S. X. 148, 394 ; xi. 130, 252, 453 ; xii. 58). 
— Readers of ' N. k Q.' have been under 
frequent obligation to Mr. Hems, but his 
statement that the learned rector of ]ling- 
more "is the acknowledged authority in the 
West Country upon its local registers" is 
rather venturous. Had such been the case, 
or had he been a county genealogist of repute, 
I should have known it. As to the Episcopal 
Registers, according to Mr. Ralph Barnes, I 
first foUovved Dr. Oliver in examining them, 
perhaps years before the learned rector who 
has supplied an admirable index to those of 



Bishop Grandison, which, however, is no 
palliative. 

As paid custodian of records legally acces- 
sible to all within reasonable hours, the Rev. 
F. Jarratt ought not to complain if his oftice 
is not a sinecure, nor should a clergyman 
require an introduction from one who incurs 
both inconvenience and expense to .serve 
the public in search of truth. " Historia3 
anima est Veritas." One naturally counts on 
assistance, not obstruction, from the clergy. 
I imagine no expert, unless one paid for his 
time, would take six hours (from 10 a.m. 
to 4 P.M. inclusive) to run through the 
Barnstaple registers. I know that the late 
Sir Wm. Drake, F.S.A., a Barnstaple man, 
collected materials at great cost for family 
history, and his amicable controversy with 
myself is illustrative. 

Sir William relied on Prince's ' Worthies of 
Devon.' I told him that Sir Bernard Drake 
was buried at Crediton, not at Musbury, as 
Prince stated, and that his monument in the 
church was a cenotaph ; that Prince's oft- 
quoted quarrel between Sir Bernard and Sir 
Francis Drake was fabricated ; that Sir 
Francis's branch bore both the quadruped 
and waver dragon when Sir Bernard's bore 
halberts ; that the Shardeloes Drakes owed 
tiieir position to the patronage of Sir Francis, 
whom they regarded superciliou.sly ; and 
though he (Sir William) descended from a 
Henry and Ann Drake, the pair was dis- 
tinct from another that he appropriated of 
the same names in Sir Bernard's line, and he 
might depend on my authorities. 

Sir William was furious. He wrote forth- 
with to the vicar of Crediton, who flatly con- 
tradicted me, and Sir William, triumphant, 
promised me a castigation in 5'*^ S. ii. 372, 
which never appeared. I went to Crediton 
in self-defence, and read out the entry, which 
was illegible to the vicar, who at once posted 
a certificate and apology to Sir William. I 
proved all my assertions by reference to MSS., 
Chancery Proceedings {temj?. Eliz.), wills, 
and various registers, which I might not 
have done had I been met at every turn with 
the sordid demand, Pay, pay, pay, that is 
liappily growing obsolete. H. H. D. 

Gautier's 'Voyage en Italie' (9'^'^ S. ix. 
507). — 1. ' Smarra ' is the name of a story by 
Charles Nodier. I append an extract (1832 
edition of his works, vol. iii. p. 99) from the 
story, which fully explains the allusion, 
viz. : — 

" Toutes les chauves-souris du crcpuseule ni'ef- 
iieuroient caressantes, en me disant : Prends des 
ailes ! et je commeni^ois ii battre avec effort je 



9'" s. XII. srpT. 5, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



193 



le sais quels lambeaux qui me soutenoient k 
aeine." 

[n the preface (p. 25 of the same volume) he 
says :— 

"Smarra est le nom primitif du mauvais esprit 
luquel les anciens rapportoient le triste phenomene 
iu caurhcmar. Le nieme mot exprime encore la 
neme idee dans la plupart des dialectes slavs, chez 
es peuples de la terre qui sent le plus sujets a cette 
ifFreuse maladie." 

2. ' The Confessional of the Black Peni- 
bents ' is the second or sub title of ' The 
[talian,' by Mrs. Ann Radcliffe, and it is 
evidently to this novel that Theophile 
Gautier alludes. By the way, I think Messrs. 
Routledge & Sons intend to publish a new 
edition of this (as also of otliers of Mrs. 
RadclifFe's novels) shortly in their series of 
' Half-forgotten Books." 

3. This I had not succeeded in tracing, and 
3nly now refer to it so as to complete the 
answer to the question in the pages of 
' N. & Q.' The propounder of the question, 
Mr. de V. Payen- Payne, tells me that 
Malipiero {1 Malipieri) is the name of a 
character in Victor Hugo's drama of ' Angelo.' 

Edward Latham. 

Jews and Eternal Punishment (9^'' S. x. 
229, 334; xi. 153; xii. 10). —The story of 
Jamasp (or Hasib) in the ' Thousand and One 
Nights ' includes those of Bulookiya and 
Janshah. It is not translated by Lane, but 
will be found in the translations of Lamb, 
Payne, and Burton. 

' Bulookiya ' is obviously based chiefly 
on Talmudic traditions, and contains a ter- 
rible description of hell, too long to quote 
here, but very similar to another, spoken 
by Rabbi Moses, at the commencement of 
Act II. sc. iii. of Kenealy's 'New Pantomime ' 
('Poetical Works,' vol. ii. pp. 206-8, not in 
earlier editions). Kenealy was well rdad in 
Jewish as well as other little-known litera- 
ture, but seldom quotes his authorities. In 
one of his works he alludes incidentally to 
Joshua having murdered Moses in the moun- 
tains of Nebo, in order to make himself the 
leader of the Israelites ; but I have never 
been able to discover his authority for the 
statement. W. F. Kirby. 

Byfield House, Barnes (9*'' >S. xii. 108).— 
I was among the crowded audience recently 
at Mr. Philip Norman's most interesting 
lecture on ' Old London ' at Hammersmith, 
and consequently think he must have com- 
municated enough enthusiasm and solicitude 
to his attentive listeners to warrant the hope 
that the "old-fashioned house," with its 
" charming garden," of which he speaks, will 
be preserved, especially as it has a decided 



local history. It was probably inhabited for 
many years by Mr. Edward Byfield, who 
died in 1774. He was one of the parish 
benefactors, and the house was called after 
him. A Mr. Watts who once occupied the 
house kept a young gentlemen's school, and 
died there. It was afterwards occupied by a 
Mrs. Cooper, who also died there. After her 
came the Hon. E. B. Wrottesley, brother of 
Lord Wrottesley. He left, and then Mr. 
Alexander Nesbitt took the house, where he 
has been for a great many years. This, 
probably all that is known of the building, 
will be found in ' A History of the Parish 
of Barnes,' by John Eustace Anderson, 1900, 
which was printed for private circulation. 
J. Holden MacMichael. 

A Mr. Byfield lived there many years ago, 
and dying, bequeathed a sum of money to 
the poor of Barnes parisli, a fact chronicled, 
with other minute particulars of date of 
bequest, its form and value, upon the black 
board containing the list of the almsgivers of 
the parish, on the west interior wall of the 
church (southern corner). Of the house there 
is little to tell, except that the generous old 
Mr. Byfield lived and died there. He now 
lies in Barnes Churchyard (see the parish 
register). The newspaper paragraph referred 
to by Mr. Norman may have been one I 
contributed to the local paper in 1901. Mr. 
Bj'field, rest his soul ! was a 7-ara avis, but 
not, so far as I know, a celebrity. 

W. J. Dixon. 

Lonsdale Road, Barnes. 

Long Lease (9"' S. xii. 25, 134).— I noted 
an advertisement {Yorlshire Post, 27 August, 
1898) for the sale of two leasehold properties 
in the north of England. To one of them, 
described as "The Blagill Estate" (par. 
Alston, Cumberland), was added a statement 
that it was "held for a term of 1,000 years 
commencing in 1611. The lord's rent is 
10s. lOhd." 

The "other property, called "The Ayle 
Estate" (par. Kirkhaugh, Morthumberland), 
was said to be " held for a term of 999 years, 
commencing in 1669. The lord's rent is 
U.S. 4r?., and 14.S. for boon days." The ques- 
tion of long leases has, I think, been dis- 
cussed in 'N. & Q.' on previous occasions. 
A term for 999 years seems common all over 
England. It would be interesting to find 
out when it was first introduced. Has it 
any legal significance as against 1,000 years 1 

T. M. Fallow. 

Coatham, Redcar. 

Coleridge as a Translator (9*'^ S. xii. 26). 
—The editor of ' >Schiller's Historical Dramas ' 



194 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [o"- «• xii. Sept. 5, \m. 



in " Eohn's Standard Library " mentions the 
opinion that Coleridge translated the ' Picco- 
lomini ' and the ' Death of Wallenstein ' from 
a prompter's MS. copy before the trilogy 
was printed. What external evidence is 
there for this view 1 

John B. WAiNEWiiKiiiT. 

Commonwealth Arms in Churches (8"' 
S. i. 494 ; ii. 33).— 1 recently visited the 
church of North Walsham, Norfolk. I was 
there allowed to inspect the board containing 
the royal arms, which has now been removed 
from its position on the wall, and stands in 
a curtained enclosure at the east end of the 
south aisle. The board on which the arms 
are painted is very thin and flimsy, and on 
it is recorded "Charles II., 16G0." Strange 
to say, on the back may still be seen dimly 
visible the arms of the Commonwealth— St. 
George's cross, impaling the Irish harp. 
Evidently the artist deputed to put up the 
royal arms again after the "happy Restor- 
ation " was content to use up existing 
materials so far as possible. His parsimony 
has certainly been the means of depositing 
a very interesting relic at North Walsham, 
and it is to be hoped that it will be carefully 
preserved. John T. Page. 

Mannings and Tawell (9'''^ S. xii. 148).— 
The editorial note to the letter under this 
heading contains an error which should be 
corrected. Tawell did not slaj- a woman 
" under circumstances of such revolting 
cruelty as to defy descriiDtion." He simply 
poisoned his paramour (Sarah Hart) by 
putting prussic acid into porter, and leaving 
her in the house to die. I remember all 
the circumstances well, for as a small boy I 
was on the outskirts of the crowd at his 
execution. His counsel, Mr. (afterwards Sir) 
Fitzroy Kelly, earned some notoriety by his 
defence. It being admitted by scientific 
witnesses at the trial that prussic acid is 
extractable from apple pips, and proof being 
given that Sarah Hart had received a present 
of a peck of apples shortlj' before her death, 
Mr. Ivelly contended that the unfortunate 
woman might have poisoned herself by 
swallowing the pips ! Hence, for some time 
afterwards, wits at the bar and habitues of 
the clubs designated him by the sobriquet 
"Apple-pip Ivelly." Kichd. Welford. 

[Is our contributor quite sure? If so, we have 
been sadly misinformed from an important source.] 

W. H. Cullen (9"' S. xii. 149).— William 
Henry Cullen was practising at Sidmouth in 
1848, and was surgeon to the dispensary in 
that town. He became M.K.C.S. and L.S.A., 



1836, M.D. St. Andrews, 1837, and was dead 
before 1859. His bookplate may be described 
as follows : Simple armorial. Arms, Az., a 
helmet ; in chief two boars' heads erased, in 
base a cinquefoil, all arg. Crest, a pelican 
in her piety. Motto, on ribbon above crest, 
" Non sibi." The inscription below runs, 
" W. H. Cullen, M.D." 

Robert Dickson, a Scotchman, proceeded 
M.D. Ed., 1826 ('De Phthisi Pulmonali ') ; ; 
L.RC.P., 1830; F.R.C.P., 1855; Fell. Roy. 
Med. Chir. Soc. ; F.L.S. ; Phys. to Scott. 
Hosp., Edin. Life Ass. Co., and Soldiers' 
Daughters' Home, Hampstead ; Cons. Phys. 
Camberwell House Lunatic Asyl. Formerly 
Phys. Brit. Orphan Asyl. Author of the' 
articles on 'Mat. ]Med.' and 'Therapeutics" 
in 'Penny (English) Cyclop.' In 1848 he' 
was living at 5, Curzon Street, Mayfair, and l 
from 1859 to 18G3 (and probably later) at. 
16, Hertford Street. G. C. Peachey. 

Castle Carewe (9"» S. ix. 428. 490 ; x. 92, 
214, 314, 373. 453 ; xi. 18. 91).— Could Other, 
father of Walter Fitz Other, castellan of 
Windsor, be connected with the family of 
Othere als. Ohthere, the rich Norseman who 
entered the service of Alfred the Great circa 
878 ? W. Barnes Helmerow. 

Johannesburg. 

' The English Dialect Dictionary ' (9''' S. 
xi. 486).— If C. C. B. had only taken the 
trouble to look at the ' E.D.D.' itself, he would 
perhaps not have written his remarks at the 
above references. He would have seen that 
«i?i?i (==must)and middlmr/ are both recorded 
as occurring in Notts (for the former even 
South Notts is quoted). He would also have 
seen that the name " milkmaids " is given to 
more than the one flower ; so that, if any- 
body is guilty of " localizing dialect words 
too strictly," it is he rather than the 
'E.D.D.' If he should reply that this dic- 
tionary, like the ' H.E.D.' (see under ' Folk.s,' 
ante, p. 50), happens to be among books to 
which he is not "fortunate " enough to have 
"easy access," the advice may be given him 
to procure it as soon as possible if he wishes 
to discuss English dialect vvords, and to re- 
frain in future from criticizing a book which 
he has not seen or not properly examined. 

May I add that it seems a pity that so 
many contributors to ' N. & Q.,' in their 
"olaliging" efforts to do their "poor best,' 
should so often utterly ignore the importance 
of the two great dictionaries of which Eng- 
lish people have such good reason to be proud 1 
Now we are getting on into the twentieth 
century, we really might expect that people, 
before trying to dabble in questions of word- 



9f. s. XII. Sept. o, i9o:i] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



195 



lore, should at least acquaint themselves 
with the rudiments of the science and be 
possessed of the most necessary working tools, 
and those who are kind enough to point out 
to tliem the newest sources of information 
should not be exposed to the discourteous 
taunt of giving themselves " the air of 
the superior person," least of all from those 
who, by their own confession and by their 
"obliging," but superfluous remarks, show 
themselves to be in a position of flagrant 
inferiority as regards philological questions. 

F. J. C. 

[We ajjree with much that our contributor says, 
but think he is unnecessarily severe upon C. C. 13., 
a trustworthy and valued correspondent.] 

HoLBORN Casino (9*'' S. xii. 127).— The pre" 
sent Holborn Restaurant has absorbed the 
entire site of the old Casino. In the forties 
it was a swimming bath, but as a swimming 
bath did not pay in winter, the proprietors 
had the water drained off and converted the 
emptj' bath into a dancing saloon. This 
proved a profitable venture, notwithstanding 
the defects of bad ventilation and awkward 
means of access. The proprietors got over 
the difficulties by putting in a new floor at a 
higher level and improving the approaches. 
The swimming bath was, therefore, done 
away with entirely. S. P. E. S. 

" National Assembly Rooms, 218, High Holborn- 
— The most spacious and brilliantly decorated Ball 
Room and the best Band in London. Open for 
Concert and Dancing every Evening. Musical 
Director, Mr. W. M. Packer. Open at Half-past 
Eight ; close at Twelve. Admission throughout, 
One Shilling.'"—' Era Almanack for 1869.' 

The Holborn Restaurant is built on the 
same site, and its number is still 218. For 
references to the Casino, see Mayhew's ' Lon- 
don Labour and the London Poor,' iv. (1862), 
219, 220. Adrian Wheeler. 

Human Skeleton in Alum Rock (9^^ S. 
xii. 48). — In the ' Beauties of England and 
Wales,' 1812, p. 335, will be found the follow- 
ing :— 

"About the year 1743 the Rev. Mr. Borvvick 
found in the alum rock the complete skeleton or 
petrilied bones of a man, but although the utmost 
caution was used in digging it up, it was broken 
into several pieces, and greatly mutilated : in that 
condition, however, it was sent to one of our 
Universities as a great curiosity. After this, in the 
year 1758, the jjetrified bones of a crocodile, an 
animal never known in this part of the world, were 
taken out of the rock, and these, though broken 
into many pieces, were sent up to the Royal 
Society, of which a particular account may be seen 
in the Philosophical Transaction ><, vol. 1. part ii. 
And about four years afterwards, the skeleton or 
petrified bones of a horse were found in the alum 
works at Saltwick, at the depth of about thirty 



yards underground, whicli were taken up with 
much care, though not without being considerably 
broken, and sent as a natural rarity to the Univer- 
sity of Aberdeen." 

Thinking it not improbable that the 
human skeleton was also .sent to tliis 
university, I wrote to the l){;an and inquired 
if any record existed of such a presentation ; 
but his reply was in the negative. 

Chas. F. Forshaw, LL.D. 

Baltimore House, Bradford. 

"Hagioscope" or Oriel? {^^^ S. xi. 301, 
321, 375, 491 _; xii. 58.)— To the interesting 
discussion raised by ]Mr. Addy concerning 
the purpose of "hagioscopes," I beg to con- 
tribute a few notes on some examples seen 
lately in Devonshire. At Sidbury Church,* 
which was visited on 17 July by the Devon 
Association, the Norman chancel is divided 
from the nave by an arch with a margin 
of Early English walling, in which, be- 
sides traces of two apertures directed due 
west, now blocked up, tliere remain two 
open hagioscopes, oblique in direction, that 
in the north-west corner having one large 
arched embrasure on the chancel side and 
two smaller ones on the outer side, and that 
in the south-west corner one embrasure on 
the outer side and two, one of which is 
stopped, on the chancel side. It was suggested 
by a member that the object was to enable 
priests officiating in side chapels, respectively 
in the north and south transepts, to observe 
the moment of the elevation ; but surely 
mass was never celebrated simultaneously at 
high and side altars. A sub-query arose as 
to the situation of the latter. One can recall 
many' instances in continental churches of 
series of chapels, those in the northern bays 
having the altar against the north wall, and 
those in the southern having it against the 
south wall ; but the opinion was expressed 
that in the side chapels of English churches 
the altar was always against the east wall. 

At Axmouth the Wyke chantry, being an 
extension to southward of the chancel and 
continuous with the south aisle, musthave 
had an altar in its east wall, as a piscina 
remains in the south wall, close to the south- 
east angle ; and it was evidently to afford a 
view of this altar that the very massive pier 
(Xorman 1) at the .south-east extremity of the 
nave was tunnelled through, for one side of 
tlie tunnel (which is about forty-five inches 
deep) was splayed in a south-east direction. 
Immediately in front of it and of the chancel 



* A detailed account of this extremely interesting 
building, by 1). C. A. Cave and C. H. Blakiston, 
published by Pollard, Exeter, is sold at the post 
oUice for HI, 



196 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9* s. xii. sept. 5, im 



arch is a large box-pew, for whose occupants 
it would have been a convenience, or rather 
for the occupants of benches on the same 
site, the pew probably not antedating a 
monument above to Hallett of Barbadoes of 
1733, &c. 

In Lydford Church, which appears to be 
early Perpendicular, though I was told by 
the verger that a church had stood on the 
spot in the seventh century, and that the 
font (a plain truncated cone) was of that 
period, there is a very curiously constructed 
hagioscope. I could not learn whether it was 
contemporary with the wall it pierces, but 
should imagine it to be an afterthought, as, 
on the chancel side, it debouches in the 
splayed embrasure of a window very close to 
the glass, while the winding stone stair of a 
quondam rood-loft forms its top and one side. 
Among the rubble with which it had been 
stopped were found in recent years frag- 
ments of some robed effigy in alabaster. It 
is directed obliquely towards the south aisle 
(or transept?). In South Tawton Church 
(Perpendicular) the walls dividing part of 
the chancel from the Wyke Chapel on the 
north and the Burgoyne Chapel on the 
south were pierced by two hagioscopes, that 
on the south side being of peculiar "double" 
construction, inasmuch as the lines of vision 
through it cross each other at right angles 
in the middle. Thus the high altar could 
be seen from the Burgoyne Chapel, while an 
altar in that chapel, testified to by a piscina 
near its south-east corner, was visible, I take 
it, from the front seats of the nave. The other 
hagioscope only gave a view from the Wyke 
Chapel of the high altar. These chapels were, 
however, additions to the main structure, and 
there are evidences of an alteration and per- 
haps extension of the chancel. The hagio- 
scopes have been stopped up during the 
works of addition and embellishment recently 
carried out under Mr. George Fellowes 
Prynne. As to the screens or panels which, 
as described in Parker, were features of some 
hagioscopes, it has been explained to me that 
these were made to open and shut, so that 
they need not obstruct the view during 
service. Ethel Lega-Weekes. 

Mary, Queen of Scots (9^'' S. xii. 148).— 
When F. S. E. writes of " Margaret, Queen 
of Scotland," to whom does he refer? To 
Margaret, sister of Edgar Atheling, wife of 
Malcolm III. and mother of three successive 
kings of Scots? or Margaret, daughter of 
Henry III. of England, wife of Alexander III. ? 
or Margaret, " the Maid of Norway," grand- 
daughter of Alexander III? or Margaret 



Drummond of Logie, second wife of David II. 1 
or Margaret, daughter of Christian I. of 
Denmark, wife of James III. ? or Margaret, 
daughter of Henry VII. of England, wife of 
James IV. ? Of these six, only the ill-starred 
Maid of Norway was Queen of Scots by right 
of succession. None of them is rightly 
styled Queen of Scotland. With one excep- 
tion, that of James III., all the Scottish 
monarchs from David I. (1124-53) down to 
the union of the crowns of England and I 
Scotland in 1603 are styled on their coinage 
and in their charters Rex or Begina Scot- 
torum — King or Queen of Scots. 

The exception of James III. is a remark- 
able one. Du Cange, in his * Traite His- 
torique du Chef de Saint Jean Baptiste ' 
(1665), states that this king presented a 
medal in 1477 to the shrine of St. John at 
Amiens bearing the legend " Moneta nova 
Jacobi tertii Dei gratia regis Scocie." Pinker- 
ton says this medal was lost during the first 
French Revolution. In spite of this, and in 
spite of James III. having ordered the 
double tressure round the arms of Scotland 
to be discontinued, his charters were drawn 
in the name of "Jacobus D.g. Rex Scot- 
torum." Herbert Maxwell. 

" A FLEA IN THE EAR " (9^"^ S. xii. 67, 138).— 

In German exists the corresponding phrase 
"einem einen Floh ins Ohr setzen," but only 
in the sense of saying something which 
creates agitation in the hearer's mind, and is 
mostly meant to do that, so that the words 
uttered fester in the victim's soul, and are 
ruminated on a long time after they have 
been taken in. G. Krueger. 

Berlin. 



"To dive" (9"' S. xi. 2,30, 514).— The sub- 
joined is from Besant's ' London in the 
Eighteenth Century,' p. 292 :— 

" For those who dined at the tavern or a cook- 
shop, the facilities and the choice were great in 
number and various in quality. A young man in 
the early days of the century could ' dive,' that is, 
take his food in a mixed company of footmen out 
of place, chairmen, and so forth, for threepence- 
halfpenny." 

I would explain this by the particular mean- 
ing of "to plunge a fork into a large pot," 
etc., having become generalized into that of: 
dining very cheaply. On that assumption, 
''diving into a cellar" may involve another 
idea, and a confusing one. H. P. L. 

" AccoRDER " (9"'_S. xii. 89, 137).— Emeritus 
is probably right in taking this word to be 
a corruption of the Persian nclkhudd (=Gr. 
nauhutur), a shipmaster ; but in his reference 
to Yule and Burnell he has omitted to note 



il 



9"^ S. XIT. Sept. 5, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



197 



the Anglo-Indian sjmonym nacoder, and the 
probable influence of the Hindoatani arkatl. 
I suspect that the latter word is derived 
from n(U-/mdd,a.s our orange from ?«i?'a«,/, and, 
similarly, accorder may come from nacoder. 
I remember many years ago the master 
attendant of a large Indian port, an Indian 
marine officer with a due sense of the inferior 
position of the port pilots belonging to the 
''country-captain" {q.v. a}). Yule and Burnell) 
class, always calling them liis arcotttes. I was 
at first puzzled by this expression of our "Port 
Admiral," the town of Arcot not being a sea- 
port, and it only very gradually dawned 
upon me, in those days before Yule and 
Burnell had even planned their 'Glossary,' 
that this was a corruption of nal-hudd. An 
analogous corruption would be through the 
English form nacoder. The first letter being 
dropped, as in arJcdil, arcotty, there would be, 
first, acoder, pronounced acawder, and then, 
by the Hobson-Jobson process, accorder. 

Edward Nicholson. 
Liverpool. 

German " Haff " (or Lagoon) Fisherfolk 
(9* S. xi. UQ).—Hafis of Low German origin, 
M.L.G. das haf\ Danish hav, Swedish haj\ 
O.E. hea,f, O. Frisian hef\ all meaning ocean, 
open sea, connected with O.H.G. ha})— 
(1) haven, (2) ocean, and English haven; the 
whole family are derived from the Gothic 
haban, and further on from capere. The 
primary meaning must have been "the hold- 
ing place," but then the designation must 
have been transferred to that which adjoins 
the sheltering harbour, the open sea. 

G, Krueger. 

Berlin. 

.John Angier (9^'^ S. xii. 128).— A John 
Angier was rector of Inworth, Essex, in 1674, 
and several others of the same name were 
among his successors in the following century. 

W. D. Macray. 

Inquiries were made for this celebrated 
Nonconformist minister so long ago as 
August, 1854 {V^ S. X. 126), but without effect. 
The querist stated that he had three children. 
Elizabeth, born at Denton, 24 June, 16.34, 
married the Rev. Oliver Hey wood (afterwards 
her father's biographer), and died in 1661 ; 
John was in holy orders ; and of the third 
child nothing was known. 

Everard Home Coleman. 

71, Brecknock Road. 

Children's Festival (9* S. xii. 148).— 
When the Hussites besieged Naumburg and 
threatened to burn it, the inhabitants sent 
forth their children to intercede. Proco- 



pius, touched by their pleading, granted 
their prayer and entreated them kindly. 
This is the second time I liave had the 
pleasure of referring to the story in ' N. & Q.' 
It was mentioned 7"' S. iv. 417, 531. 

St. Swithin. 

Watson of Barrasijridge, New(!astle-on- 
Tyne (9"' S. ix. 388 ; x. 177, 237, 272, 351).— 
Since sending my last letter relative to the 
death of Lieut. Charles Mitford Watson, I 
have found the following obituary notice 
in the Newcastle Courant for Saturday, 
27 November, 1824 :— 

"On 17 June last, at Kandy, island of Ceylon, 
aged 34, Lieut. Charles Watson, of the 1st Ceylon 
Regiment, son of the late Mr. Ralph Watson, of the 
Customs, of this port." 

A longer notice appears in the Durham 
Co'unij/ Advertiser for Saturday, 4 December, 
in the same year. H. Pt. Leighton. 

East Boldon, R.8.O., Durham. 

Welsh Dictionary (g*** S. xii. 128).— A 
dictionary in Welsh with English explana- 
tions, by William Owen, 8vo, 2 vols., was 
published in London, 1803 ; also another at 
Bristol in 1753 by the lie v. Thomas Richards, 
entitled 'Antiquse Linguae Britannicse The- 
saurus ; being a British or Welsh-English 
Dictionary.' These may be consulted in the 
Corporation Library, Guildhall, London, and 
also the first named at the London Institu- 
tion, Finsbury Circus, E.C. 

Everard Home Coleman. 
71, Brecknock Road. 

John Wilkes Booth (9"' S. xii. 25, 150). — 
Your Connecticut correspondent F. M. has 
proposed an interesting problem to psycholo- 
gists of which at the present time I dare not 
even make an attempt at a solution. It 
would, I imagine, be possible to compile a 
long list of criminals who have assuredly 
suffered death, but who have been held to be 
alive many years after their execution. One 
noteworthy example is that of Dr. Dodd, who 
was hanged at Tyburn for forgery in 1777. 
Of his death by the hands of the hangman 
there cannot be a doubt, but I have heard 
my father and others say that in the earlier 
years of the nineteenth century it was a 
common belief in Lincolnshire that by some 
means or other he had escaped. A gentleman 
who lived at Gainsburgh — truthful, and in 
other respects sensible— told my father that 
he was sure Dodd lived several years after 
his supposed death on the scaffold, and that 
he himself had seen him some time after he 
was reputed to be dead. Dodd was a Lincoln- 
shire man, born at Bourne, and consequently 
much sympathy was wasted on him in his 



198 



NOTES AND QUERIES. IQ^' s. xii. sept. 



native county by people who should have 
known far better. 

I well remember that when the law was 
about to be altered so as to cause capital 
executions to be carried out in private many 
of those who were opposed to the change 
gave, among other reasons, this one : that if 
the public had not an opportunity given of 
seeing criminals suffer death, it would be 
thought by many that notorious evildoers 
had escaped their legal doom. 

Edward Peacock. 

Wickentree House, Kirton-in-Lindsey. 

•Beoavulf' (9"' S. xii. 83). — Your corre- 
spondent has the advantage of me, as I only 
know 'Beowulf in the original; but when 
he compares "swymman" and " sund " in 
Thorpe's 'Glossary,' he should know that 
" sund " = English sound, hence sea, occurs 
six times in ' Beowulf ' without the slightest 
connexion with swimming. If it be of 
interest to your correspondent, "swymman"' 
occurs in the original once, "ofer-swimman " 
once, and " sund " = swimming four times, 
according to the most copious glossary with 
which I am acquainted. H. P. L. 

Hambleton Tribe (9'^'^ S. xii. 129).--This 
probably refers to the district in which the 
town of Hamilton, the principal one in the 
island of Bermuda, is situated. 

B.. Barclay-Allardioe. 

Lostwithiel, Cornwall. 

Whaley Family (8"^ S. v. 287).— The query 
at this reference does not seem to have been 
answered. The earlier volumes of ' N. &, Q.' 
contain much information and many refer- 
ences which the inquirer would find very 
useful — e.£?., 3''i S. i. 452 ; ii. 76, 149, 314 ; 
V. 155 ; vi. 297 ; 4^1^ S. iii. 591 ; 5*'^ S. v. 463 ; 
7'^'' S. x. 7. W. Roberts. 



NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. 

The Unreformed House, of Commons. By Edward 
Porritt, assisted by Annie S. Porritt. — Vol. 1. 
England and Wales. —Vol. II. Srotlo.nd and Ire- 
land. (Cambridge, LJniversiLy Press.) 
In the case of a work of tliis class, dealing wholly 
with British questions, it adds to the admiration 
with which we are disposed to regard it to find 
that it was written entirely in America and without 
any opportunity of access to our great national col- 
lections. It is dated from Farmington, Connecticut, 
was executed during a nine years' residence in the 
United States or Canada, and is a product of 
researches in the libraries of Congress, of the 
Dominion Parliament, of the State and Provincial 
Capitols, of the principal American universities and 
colleges, and other Transatlantic libraries, public 
and private. It is jjrobable that these sources are 



adequate to all requirements, no such difficulties as 
would attend more purely literary investigation! 
facing one whose labours are politico-economical. 
The \york, which is due to the joint efforts of mar 
and wife, is the result of remarkable — we may almost, 
in these days, say stupendous— labour, and contains 
all that the student can seek to know on the sub-j 
ject. VVe cannot but hold that the arrangement! 
is not the best conceivable, and offers to all but the! 
exactly informed some needless difficulties. Wei 
are all supposed to have at our fingers' ends thea 
main facts of our constitutional history. !Mr. 
Porritt's avowed aim — for the conception wet] 
assume to be wholly his — is to trace the changess 
in representation in England and Wales, Scotland! 
and Ireland, from the time when the English Housesj 
of Commons first developed a continuous existences 
until the passing of the great Reform Act of 1832.' 
With the period last named the work begins, and 
from this standpoint things are dated back. Ws' 
should have been pleased if an introductory chapter 
had given a short survey of the I'ise of Parliaments 
and of representative institutions, if not from the 
Witenagemot, at least from the summoning of the 
House of Commons in the middle of the thirteenth 
century. With the House of Lords in England and Ire- 
land, except in so far as its relations with the House 
of Commons extend, Mr. Porritt is not concerned. 
Books enough on the subject exist, and a rej^erusal 
of them is necessary to grasp Mr. Porritt's scheme. 
Owing to the method adopted, however, we are 
more interested in individual details than in the 
main idea, and the book may be more comfortably 
dipped into than studied. A hundred points of 
interest might be selected for comment, and a score 
magazine articles might be extracted from the two 
volumes by an adroit pilferer. Taking the chapter 
on 'The Political Relations between Members and 
Constituents,' it is amusing to see how some of the 
most insignificant boroughs to be swept away in 
the Act of 1832 were most insistent on local claims. 
Burke's assertion that a member elected for Bristol 
was not member for Bristol, but a member of Par- 
liament, seems to have found little favour in the 
seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Very inter- 
esting is it to see the means of oppression within 
the reach of corporations, and an intractable voter 
so late as 1705 was forced into the army and offered 
his discharge if he would vote as he was told. There 
are few except professed students of political insti- 
tutions who could give a definition of a "pot- 
walloper," or even know that such in the eighteenth 
century was "every inhabitant of a borough who 
had a family and boiled a pot there." On the eve 
of an election a mayor or a cor]ioration was known 
to swear in freemen in the night in public-houses 
who had no connexion at all with the borough, but 
who could be trusted to vote as they were bidden. 
Of information on matters of this kind the book is 
a mine. The portion of the second volume dealing 
with Ireland deserves to be closely studied. An 
incidental fact of some interest on which we come, 
taken from a MS. volume in the possession of the 
late W. M. Torrens, is that " shorthand writers 
were in the gallery of the [Irish] House of Com- 
mons" so early as the second half of the eighteenth 
century. 

Traditional Aspects of Hell. By James Mew 

(Sonneuschein & Co.) 
Mk. Mew has issued a volume— brief, as he con- 
fesses, and popular in aim— upon a great subject* 



9g^. XII. Sept. 5, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



199 



His scheme is perhaiis too ambitious, since the 
various hells he describes have, in some cases, next 
to nothing in common. His treatment is, however, 
serious and erudite, and the element of popularity 
in his volume is confined to the illustrations, which 
are often appalling. The student of early literature 
is, of course, familiar with the horrors of the 
niedi;cval hell as illustrated in primitive woodcuts 
and engravings. The picture of a huge dragon- 
mouth vomiting flames, and exhibiting crudely 
designed devils tormenting poor naked humans, 
may be continually seen in books concerning the 
miracle plays; and in ornaments of ecclesiastical 
architecture, from the gargoyle to the misericord, 
we find the most comic and grotesque, if occasion- 
ally terrible, illustrations of the beings to whom, in 
the conception of the Middle Ages and that of long 
subsequent times, the future existence of the sinner 
was to be entrusted. With Buddhist torments, as 
depicted by the Chinese imagination, we were less 
familiar ; but those who know the ingenuity of the 
Chinese in devising tortures in this world were 
lirepared to find that perplexing people no less 
inventive with regard to future punishment. In 
his 'Descent of Man' Darwin, as stated by Mr. 
Mew, points out that Avhile there is ample evidence 
of the existence of races with no idea of God and 
no name to express Him, it is otherwise with devils 
and ghosts. In the case of the Greek and the 
Latin, who came under Greek influence, and in that 
of the Assyrian, the Egyptian, and the Hebrew, 
what is herein treated as hell meant originally no 
more than the home of the dead, of ghosts, and is not 
associated with the idea of punishment, penal or 
expiatory. For giving us a book which is, in some 
senses, more repulsive than the more or less known 
works presenting pictures of the tortures of the 
early Christians of Father Gallonio, the ' De SH. 
Martyrum Cruciatibus,' or those in English and 
Dutch Protestant martyrologies, Mr. Mew seems to 
apologize by quoting, on a preliminary page, passages 
such as the " .Sancti de pcenis impiorum gaudebunt " 
of Thomas Aquinas and Father Faber's startling 
statement in 'Wonders of Divine Love': "The 
false delicacy of modern times in keeping back the 
scaring images of Hell, while in the case of children 
it has often marred a whole education, is a formid- 
able danger to the sanctity as well as to the faith 
of men." Mr. Mew, at any rate, escapes the rebuke 
of keeping back scaring images, for in his book 
there are sufficient such to supply weeks, and even 
months, of nightmares. One of the best and most 
convenient works in which to see pictures of hell- 
mouth is perhaps Heywood's ' Hierarchie of the 
Blessed Angels,' in which the title-page and plates 
6, 8, and 9 may be studied. Plate 8, showing 
St. Michael treading on the archfiend, would 
serve for a grotesque illustration to Milton. It 
is curious that in the design to Book I. of ' Para- 
dise Lost' (1688, folio, fourth edition, first illus- 
trated) Satan is shown tormenting or rousujg his 
' "associates and copartners" with a spear. Mr. 
Mew has given us a readable and interesting work 
from sources such as 'The Book of the Dead,' the 
; ' Sutta-Nipata' (translated by V. Fausb<ill), the ' \ ii 
[ Ti ' (translated by H.A.Giles), ' Lcs Enfers Bond- 
dhicjues' of Riotor and Leofanti, and innumerable 
other writers, many of them little known. There is, 
indeed, something more than a show of erudition, 
■ and the task attempted is in many respects effi- 
ciently done. It only when we meet with expres- 
sions such as "a sybil" (sic) and "the Alkoran 



that wo begin to wonder if Mr. Mew's scholarshi)) 
is as exact as it is varied. Tiie rapid changes from 
heat to cold, which are frciiuently mentioned in the 
volume as part of the tortures of hell, are familiar. 
In ' Paradise Lost' we are told of a portion of hell : 
Thither, by har])y-footed Furies hail'd. 
At certain revolutions all the damn'd 
Are brought : and feel by turns the bitter change 
Of fierce extreams, extreams by change more fierce, 
From Beds of raging Fire to starve in Ice 
Thir soft I^thereal warmth, and there to pine 
ImTnovaijle, infixt, and frozen round, 
Periods of time, thence hurried back to fire. 
In spite of its horrors, perha])S jiartly on account of 
them, Mr. Mew's book is likely to enjoy a good deal 
of popularity. It is both readable and instructive, 
and may hope to rank, as its author claims for it, 
"as a sort of comparative eschatology." It steers 
carefully clear of polemics. Unfortunately or re- 
prehensibly, the book has no index. 

Stevenson^ s Shrine : the JRecord of a Pilgrimage. By 

Laura Stubbs. (Moring.) 
The title-page of Miss Stubbs's book is fully 
indicative of its pious purpose. A native of 
Australia (qy. Brisbane ?) and an enthusiast con- 
cerning Robert Louis vStevenson, Miss Stubbs went 
out for a cruise amidst the South Sea islands in a 
Union Company's steamer, took the opportunity of 
visiting Vailima, climbed to see the tomb of Steven- 
son — whom "in the flesh" she never knew— and 
wrote concerning her journey a little work which 
is i^leasant and synii)athetic throughout, and to 
which a series of admirably executed illustrations 
from photographs add enduring value. With its 
descriptions abounding in colour, its fervour, and 
its agreeable enthusiasms and raptures, the book 
thus produced will take a permanent place among 
Stevensoniana, and it may claim to fulfil a primary 
duty of a work of travel of its species by inspiring 
a longing to visit the spots described. It is beauti- 
fully got up, and is worthy of a place on the shelves 
or the table in any cultivated home. 

The Clond World: its Features and Significance, 

JBy Samuel Barber. (Stock.) 
The author's meteorological articles in various 
scientific periodicals have prepared us for the 
extended study of the forms and formation of 
clouds, the results of which are given in the 
attractive volume before us, and are the fruits, he 
tells us, of forty years' observations of the wonders 
and beauty of the daylit sky. Especially note- 
worthy are the chapters on the snow-cloud, the 
sun-pillar, the hail -cloud, and the auroral or 
magnetic cirrus. The illustrations, thirty-one in 
number, are of a high order of excellence, and the 
glossary of cloud forms, with which the work closes, 
is exceedingly handy for reference. 

No. VI. of the Burlington Magazine (Savile Pub- 
lishing Company) opens with an account of ' The 
Lowestoft Porcelain Factory.' Titian's portrait 
of the Empress Isabella, from the I'rado Museum, 
Madrid, finely reproduced, is accompanied by a 
copy of the picture from which Titian's masterly 
work was taken. Edifying in many resi>eots is the 
contrast Ijctween the two. Following tliis comes 
the newly discovered i»urtrait of a woman by 
Albrecht Diirer acquired by the British Museum. 
The frontispiece to the number is formed by Spag- 
noletto's 'Great Executioner,' from the famous 



200 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [s^'- s. xii. Sept. 5, i- 



mezzotint of Prince Rupert in the collection of His 
Majesty. Other designs of great interest are from 
Andrea Nanni, Adrian Isenbrant, Simone Mar- 
tini, John van Eecke, and other artists. Mr. 
Joseph Pennell supplies a good and well-illustrated 
article on 'Later Nineteenth-Century Book Illus- 
trations.' 

Two articles only in the Fortniyhthj, if we except 
the conclusion of Mr. Wells's ' Mankind in the 
Making,' are of a kind to which we can refer. 
One of these is an appreciation by Mr. H. B. 
Marriott Watson of R. L. Stevenson. The esti- 
mate formed may perhaps be summed up in his 
words concerning (Stevenson's essays: "In them 
are displayed his fancy, fluent and whimsical ; his 
wit, tine and delicate; his humour, buoyant; and 
his philosophy, profoundly vital." We are rather 
tired of articles upon Stevenson and his false friend 
Henley, but this is one of the best and most judi- 
cious. The other non-political or non-oontroversial 
article is 'The American Husband,' by Gertrude 
Atherton. How far this sketch of male American 
manners is fact and how far caricature we know 
not. A pretty bold system of classification is, at 
least, adopted. 'Songs from Heine' is not better 
than such things usually are. ' In Exile ' is by Anton 
Tchekhoff. — Mr. Michael MacDonagh contributes 
to the Nineteenth Centurij an essay on 'The Ballads 
of the People.' Very naively comic are some of 
these, and we can easily believe in their popularity, 
though whether the "wise man" of Fletcher of 
Saltoun would aspire to have written them we can- 
not conjecture. Mr. MacDonagh seems unaware 
that the "pathetic sentimental" ballad he quotes 
(p. 469), under the title of ' For the Children's 
Sake,' is a mere pitiful plagiarism from Hood. The 
last two lines are 

Till worn out, she falls asleep o'er the seams, 
And the last button sews on— but in dreams. 

Mrs. Maxwell-Scott sends the first half of a very 
pious and credulous paper on 'Joan of Arc' Mr. 
Edward Dicey, the treasurer, tells ' The Story of 
Gray's Inn.' Mrs. W. Kemp- Welch has a thought- 
ful and suggestive contribution as to ' Beast Imagery 
and the Bestiary.' The Lady Carlisle of ' Lion- 
Hunters and Lady Carlisle' is the lady who was 
a conspicuous figure at the Court of Charles I.— 
In a pretty and fantastic cover the PaU Mall opens 
with a description of 'The Pilgrims' Way.' Some 
of the illustrations to this are very effective. 
Notably so is a view on the Medway, one of Canter- 
bury from the Stour, with a capital presentation of 
the cathedral, and another of the North Downs 
near Reigate. Major Powell-Cotton describes ' The 
Cave Dwellers of Mount Elgon.' The caves in 
question are about ninety miles north-east of the 
Victoria Nyanza. A description follows of the 
Emperor of Austria and his family, and is succeeded 
by one of Pierre Loti and his home. An account 
of the method of election of a Pope is called ' A 
Conclave.' W. E. Henley is described by Mr. 
William Archer, and ' Stevenson's Country ' by 
Mr. W. Sharp. — Mrs. Woods begins in the CornhUl 
a description of 'In Guipuzcoa,' and Mr. Frederic 
Harrison supplies a short and not very illuminatory 
article on ' The Century Club.' Prof. Louis Brandin 
writes appreciatively on Gaston Paris, a learned 
and interesting personage, whose loss is to be 
mourned. Mr. M. MacDonagh gives for the first 
time ' The Tragedy of Robert Emmet.' Mr. Frank 
Watson Dyson, F.R.S., writes on 'New Stars,' and 



Mr. Sidney Low on W. E. Henley. The number : 
eminently readable. — In ' At the Sign of the Ship 
in Long77ian' s, Mr. Lang deals at some length wit 
James de la Cloche, a natural son of Charles I. 
It is a very curious and rather uncertain story h 
has to tell. Mr. H. A. Bryden discusses ' Badgei 
and their Ways,' and Mr. Fountain continues hi 
account of ' Canada in the Sixties.' — A change seem 
to be coming over the Genthman'ti, which is wisel 
resuming a class of (luasi-archfeological articles ( 
which it had at one time a virtual monopolj 
Papers such as those on ' Heine in London,' ' Thl 
Duke of Berwick,' ' Cromwell in Hertfordshire! 
and ' The Decadence of the Art of Cob-Walling 
are superior to the average of those in magazinet 
or more pretentious periodicals. ' An Elizabetha 
Playhouse ' is a jiretended Tudor document nO' 
likely to deceive. — In addition to its fictioi 
the Idler has an account of Whistler. — It is 
pleasure to see in Scrlbner's a contribution ('Tor( 
Folio') from the graceful and fluent pen of Thomai 
Bailey Aldrich. Bliss Carman sends some verr 
pleasing translated ' Lyrics from Sappho.' Th 
illustrations and letterpress are alike excellent. 



CHA 
IRA 

The 



IHl 

)ri 



Mr. Henry Frowde has acquired a series o 
unpublished drawings on wood made by Georg' 
Cruikshank nearly fifty years ago to illustrate ' Th 
Pilgrim's Progress.' These will form the chie 
feature of an edition de luxe of Bunyan's master 
piece which will be issued from the Oxford Univen' n 
sity Press in the autumn. I ' 

Messrs. Bell announce a volume on ' The Art o 
James McNeill Whistler,' by Mr. T. R. Way anc 
Mr. G. R. Dennis. It has been in preparatton foi 
some time, and was in the press at the time of th( 
artist's death. 

In our notice of ' Romantic Tales from the Panjab, 
ante, p 17S, col. 1, 1. 28 from foot, for "compiled' 
substitute collected. ^' 

Tke 
Tie 

m 

Tb( 



CI 
DP. 



We must call special attention to the following 
notices : — 

To secure insertion of communications corre' 
spondents must observe the following rules. Let 
each note, query, or reply be written on a separate; 
slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and 
such address as he wishes to appear. When answer- 
ing queries, or making notes with regard to previous 
entries in the paper, contributors are requested to 
put in parentheses, immediately after the exactj 
heading, the series, volume, and page or pages to 
which they refer. Correspondents who repeat 
queries are requested to head the second oora- 
munication "Duplicate." 

BR.A.NDON Hill. — 'Jacqueline : a Tale,' 1814, is 
by Samuel Rogers, printed in the same volume with 
Byron's 'Lara.' We are sorry for the delay in 
answering this query, which was mislaid. 

Corrigendum. — Ante, p. 115, col. 1, last line, for j 
" Biographical" read Bihliograjjhical. 

NOTICE. 

Editorial communications should be addressed 
to "The Editor of 'Notes and Queries'"— Adver- 
tisements and Business Letters to " The Pub- 
lisher" — at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery 
Lane, E C. 



S. XII. Skpt. 0, 1903.] 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



THE ATHEN^UM 

JOURNAL OF ENGLISH AND FOREIGN LITERATURE, SCIENCE, 
THE FINE ARTS, MUSIC, AND THE DRAMA. 



Last Week's ATHEN^UM contains Articles on 

CHARLES and MARY LAMB. The LIFE of a REGIMENT. 

TRAHERNES POETRY. CARLYLE'S FRENCH REVOLUTION. 

KAN'I'S ETHICAL PHILOSOPHY. The STORY of an AMERICAN DOG. 

taJThe GERMAN AUTHORITIES on JEANNE D'ARC. 

,y EW NOVELS :— Barlasch of the Guard ; The Other Mrs. Jacobs ; More Kin than Kind ; The Maids of 
Paradise ; Gordon Keith ; The Land of Regrets ; Carita ; Told by the Death's Head ; Mary North ; 
Frank Bayliss ; Kelbridge & Co. 

raa|GREEK and LATIN GRAMMARS. SHORT STORIES. MINOR BIOGRAPHIES. 

rirHEOLOGICAL BOOKS. LOCAL HISTORY. 

3UR LIBRARY TABLE :— Free Trade and the Manchester School; Lost in Blunderland ; The Lyons 
' Mail : France and the Bahr-el-Ghazel ; A Sister of St. Saviour's Priory ; Reprints. 

:.IST of NEW BOOKS. 

'GYPSY HEATHER"; DUMAS'S NOVELS; The SIENA ARCHIVES; " ARCHIPIADA' ; NOTES 

on JUNIUS ; THREE HYMNS; The COMING PUBLISHING SEASON. 

Also— 

JTERARY GOSSIP. 

CIBNCE :— The Silent Trade; Palajarctic Butterflies; Gossip. 

TNE ARTS :— Ancient City Halls; Scottish Clockmakers ; Gossip, 
MUSIC: — Hector Berlioz ; Gossip; Performances Next Week, 
DRAMA :— Gossip. 



nei; 



101 



on 



It; 



The NUMBER for AUGUST 22 contains:— 
The LITERARY HISTORY of SCOTLAND. 
The DESTRUCTION of the GREEK EMPIRE, 
Die POOR of LONDON. 

JREEK IDEAS REGARDING a FUTURE LIFE. 
The ANNALS of FLORENCE. 
inifiEW NOVELS :— The Composite Lady ; A Drama of Sunshine ; 

Barbara Ladil; Elizabeth's Children; Cliris of All Sorts; The 

Treasure of Don Andres ; Iskander ; The MS. in a Red Box ; For 

his People. 
lOOKS on ENGLISH PHILOLOGY. 
rvro AMERICAN KIVERS. 
ATRISTIC LITERiTURK. 
)UR LIBRARY TABLE : — Memories of Valliraa : Fords Few 

Remarks; The Truth about an Author; Sir Thomas More; 

LiDgard's History of England. 

JIST of NEW BOOKS. 

SA BELLA D'ESTE; 'UNDERGRADUATE PAPERS 
AGAINST DUMAS; "OUT of GUDS BLESSING 
WARM SUN '■ ; The COMING PUBLISHING SEASON 
KIAN RESEARCH in the UNITED STATES. 

Also— 

:.ITERARY GOSSIP. 

ICIENCE:— In the Andamans and Nicobars ; Meteorological Publica- 
tions ; The Churchyard Yew at Crowhurst, Surrey ; Gossip. 

TIME ARTS:— The Van Eycks ; The Sculptures if the Parthenon; 
British Archaeological Association at sheflield ; Pictish Ogams 
lately Discovered ; Gossip. 

iIU.SIC :— Music in the History of the Western Church; Gossip; 
Performances Next Week. 

JRAMA :— Shalispeare's Birthplace; Gossip. 



101 



; SINS 

into the 
ARTHU- 



DragooDing a Dragon ; 



The NUMBER for AUGUST 15 contains:— 
The WORKS of LORD BYRON. 
CLEMENT of ALEXANDRIA. 
The R0S8ETII PAPERS. 
A HISTORY of FRENCH VERSIFICATION. 
UNITARIAN STUDIES in THEOLOGY. 
NEW NOVELS :-Susanuah and One Elder; 

The Baptist Ring ; Padmini. 
BOOKS of TRAVEL. 
SCOTTISH LITERATURE. 
SCHOOL-BOOKS. 
BOOKS ABOUT ANIMALS. 
OUR LIBRARY TABLE :— Dorothy Osborne's Letters ; Pascal ; The 

Woman who loils ; The .Students Prayer-Booli ; The Second Part 

of 'Don Uuixote'; The Alleged Vandalism at Stratford-on-Avon ; 

T.P.'s Weekly ; Guide-Books; Reprints. 

LIST of NEW BOOKS. 

•ISABELLA D'ESTE, MARCHIONESS of MANTUA'; GILBERT 
IMLAY; The EARLIEST EDITION of the BISHOPS' NEW 
TESTAMENT; "A SLEEVELESS ERRAND " ; " OUT of GOD'S 
BLESSING into a WARM KUN"; ' WYNNERE and WAST- 
OURE'; NOTES on JUNIUS; The COMING PUBLISHING 
SEASON. 

Also — 

LITERARY GOSSIP. 

SCIENCE :— Anthropological Notes ; Gossip. 

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261 



LONDON. SATURDAY, OCTOBER 3, 1003. 



CONTENTS. — No. 301. 

NOTES :— Analogues of a Syriac Apocryph, 261— Joiisoii 
au<i Harvey, 263—17, Dean's Yard, 265— Iron-making in 
America— Dr. Halley, 266. 

QUEIIIBS :—"Pantagruelism" — History of Bookselling— 
' Baby- Lanil '—" Nothing" — Monarchs Travelling In- 
cognito, 267 — "Merrily danced the Quaker's wife " — 
Golden Kule— Anglo-Saxon Names and Titles— Bastable— 
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Brasenose Ale Verses— "The Spirit of the Woods.' 268 — 
Latin Quotation — " Mala stamina vit* "—Churchwardens' 
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of Sligo — Bishop in Chess — Bull Plain — Coon Song— 

\ Gallini — Cellini's Hammer, 269. 



flBPLIKS : 

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Nash, 272 — Authors of Books — Aitken — Shakespeare's 
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NOTES ON BOOKS :— Long's 'Discourses of Epictetus'— 
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Notices to Correspondents. 



'gain, 

ANALOGUES OF THE SYRIAC APOCRYPH 
OF APHIK.1A, THE WIFE OF JESUS BEN 
SIRACH. 

(See«;i<e, p. 22-2.) 

There is another version in the 'Arabian 
[Nights.' This is the story of the king and 
his chamberlain's wife, which forms an epi- 
sode in tlie narrative of King Shah Bekht 
and his vizier, Er Rahwan. In this version 
there is no mention of the banquet of same- 
ness. The king desires the love of the lady, 
and, being refused, goes away full of vvrath, 
leaving behind him his girdle, which the 
husband finds. Then follows the apologue 
of the ' Lion's Track.'* 

There is another version, in which the pro- 
cess of change is visible. A king in disguise 
stops at the door of a house to ask for a 
drink of water. The woman gives him a 
(Irink, and "when he looked at her he was 
ravished with her and required her of love." 
She brought him into the house and gave 
him a book in which to read until she should 
return to him. It was full of exhortations 
against adultery. Hereupon the king de- 



* ' Tales from the Arabic of the Breslau and Cal- 
cutta Edition of the Book of the Thousand Nights 
and One Night,' by John Payne, vol. ii, p. 60. 



parted. The woman told her husband, but 
he became estranged. She complained to 
her kinsfolk, who then told the king a 
parable, not of a garden, but of a piece of 
land for tillage. The husband replied by 
the parable of the lion. Tlien the king said, 
" O fellow, the lion trampled not tliy land, 
and it is good for tillage ; so do thou till it, 
and God prosper tliee in it, for the lion hath 
done it no hurt.'* 

Yet another Arabic version is the story of 
Firouz and his wife. The king sees the larly 
by accident, and sends Firouz to a distant city. 
He then endeavours to seduce the lady from 
her allegiance, but she refuses his suit — 

And whenas the dogs at a fountain have lajiped, 
The lions to drink of the water forbear. 

The king goes away abashed, and leaves his 
.sandal in the house. Then follow the plead- 
ing before the king and the apologue of the 
' Lion's Track.' Here also the banquet of 
sameness is omitted. t 

The ' Libro de los Engannos de las i\Iugeres ' 
offers a definite date at which one version of 
the Aphikia story passed from Oriental to 
Occidental literature. The book was trans- 
lated from Arabic into Spanish, by the order 
of the Infante Don Fadrique, in the year 1291 
of the Spanish era, or 1253 of the common 
era. Two years earlier his brother, King 
Alfonso, had caused a similar translation of 
the 'Calila and Dimna' to be made. One of 
the stories in the ' Libro de los Engannos ' is 
a variant of the Aphikia story, and closely 
resembles the one translated by Payne, except 
that, instead of a signet ring, the monarch 
leaves his sandals behind him. Dr. Domenico 
Comparetti has shown that the ' Libro de los 
Engannos' stands in close relationship to the 
' Parables of Sandabar,' the ' Seven Viziers,' 
and ' Syntipas,' in all of which the story of 
the ' Lion's Track ' is to be found.; ' Syntipas ' 
was translated into Greek from Syriac at the 
end of the eleventh century. 

Prof. Ryssel in the article already cited 
says that Mathieu de Vendome, who died in 
1286, has a poem on the subject, ' Comedia 
Milonis,' in which the heroine is called Afra 
and the king is the sovereign of Constantino- 
ple. Mathieu is said to have taken this story 
from ' Syntipas' or some Oriental source. 

* Payne, vol. iv. pp. '259-60. 

t Payne, vol. i. p. 210. 

j See his ' Researches respecting the Book of 
Sindibad,' issued in English by the Folk - Lore 
Society in 1882. This contains as an ai)pondix tlie 
Spanish text and an English translation of the 
' Libro de los Engannos.' The book is a remarkable 
contribution to the study of comi)arative literature. 
I have named only the part dealing with variants 
of the Aphikia story. 



262 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9"^ s- xii. oct. 3, 1903. 



A notable form of the story is to be found 
in the ' Decamerone ' of Boccaccio (G. I., 
N. 5), in which the Marchesana di Mon- 
ferrato is said to have served up to 
Philippe le Borgne a banquet of sameness 
during the absence of her husband on a 
crusade, with the same intention and the same 
result as the heroine of the Arabic stories. 
In this variant the episode of the 'Lion's 
Track ' disappears. Manni, as usual, believes 
Boccaccio's story to be the record of a fact in 
history. He cites a letter written by Aldus 
Manutius the younger expressing the same 
view, and enclosing a long passage from a 
history of Naples written by Paolo Emilio 
Santorio, in which the story is told, with 
much diffuseness, of King Manfred and his 
sister. Here the banquet of sameness fails 
of its purpose.* 

Another Italian variant is supplied by 
Antonio Cornazzano, who is sometimes called, 
apparently in error, Antonio Cornazzano dal 
Borzetti, and flourished in the fifteenth cen- 
tury, although his Italian ' Proverbii in Face- 
tie ' were not printed until 1523. There was an 
edition in Latin vei'se of ten of them, issued 
at Milan in 1503. It is not certain whether 
he wrote in Latin or Italian, for the issues 
are not described as translations. His 
' Life of Christ ' was printed in 1472. In the 
edition of Cornazzano's ' Proverbs ' issued at 
Paris in 1812 there are two stories to illus- 
trate the saying "Tutta o fava." The twelfth 
offers a parallel to the banquet of Aphikia. 
A lady of Lombardy, married to a husband 
sensual and unfaithful, prepares for this 
prince and his barons a stately feast of 
many dishes, all of which are skilfully 
compounded out of beans. Toward the end 
of the dinner she is asked what the various 
dishes are made of, and to each question 
comes the answer " Tutta e fava." The 
prince, struck by the ingenious form of her 
reproof, dismisses his mistresses and becomes 
a model husband. + 



* D. M. Manni, ' Istoria della Decamerone.' He 
refers also to the story in .Sansovino. 

t "Proverbii di Mesaer Antonio Cornazzano in 
Facetie. Parigi, dai Torchi di P. Didot il Magg. 
MDCCXii.," p. 74. Of this rare and beautiful 
edition there is a copy on vellum in the John 
Rylands Library, Manchester. Speaking of the 
thirty-seventh and thirty-eighth stories in the 
' Heptameron,' Toldo says: " Le due novelle svol- 
gono un simile argomento. La seconda riconosce 
]>er fonte la 71' delle novelle del Morlini e la prima 
vuolsi dal Jacob che ricordi la storia della signora 
di Langallier, quale leggesi nel Livre du Chevalier 
de la Tour Landry pour I'enseignement de ses filles 
(Montaiglon la pubblicu nell' ediz. elz. dello Janet). 
Peru essa assomiglia anche alia nov. 5'- G. I. del 
Decamerone e piii ancora alia IP della Cornazzano, 



' Count Lucauor ' was written by a Spanish 
prince, Don Juan Manuel, who was born in 
1282. The fiftieth story relates that Saladin 
sent away one of his great vassals in order to 
gain access to the wife, whose love he solicited. 
She consents on condition that he will tell 
her what is the best thing a man can possess. 
He finds the reply difficult, and under- 
takes a journey in order to search for the 
right answer. Finally he learns thatt 
honour is a man's dearest treasure. When 
he returns to the lady she points out the 
necessity for hina to relinquish the proposals 
he has made to her. The Spanish word ver- 
guenza, which Dr. James York translates byv 
" lionour," literally means " shame," butt 
there can be no doubt that his version 
conveys the spirit of the original.* 

The dividing line between history and legend 
is not always easy to draw in the Western 
world, and it is still less easy in the East. We 
need not therefore be surprised to learn from 
Prof. Ryssel that Arabic writers of the ninth 
century narrate the incident of the ' Lion's 
Track ' as historical. He refers to Prof. T. 
Noldeke, who in his review of Bathgen's 
' Sindban ' tells us that the story of the ' Lion's 
Track ' is to be found in the ' AlmaAasin wal'- 
atidad ' of GaAiz, who died in 869, and in the 
work of Dinawari, who died ten years earlier. 
According to this account Chosran Parwez 
had a vizier named Nachargan for whom he 
had a great regard. The king, however, had 
held a conversation with the wife of his 
vizier, and the result had been a coolness in 
the household. The king, having heard of 
this, said to Nachargan in the presence of 
the Court, " I hear that thou hast a fountain 
of sweet water, but drinkest not thereof." 
The vizier answered, "O king, I hear thatt 
the lion visits that fountain regularly, and II 
avoid it for fear of the lion." The king, 
delighted with the cleverness of this reply, 
gave rich presents to the lady and a rich 
crown to the husband. This is the "Treasure 



in cui si narra d' un singolare banchette di sole favG' 
che una moglie prepara al marito libertino, per 
farlo accorto che da donna a donna non ci puo 
essere altra differenza fuor di quella che corre da. 
fava a fava " (Pietro Toldo, 'Contributo alio Studio 
della Novella Francese del xv. e xvi. secolo con- 
siderata specialmente nelle sue attinenze con la 
Litteratura Italiana,' Roma, 1893, p. 77). The' 
narratives given by Queen Marguerite and Geofiroy' 
de la Tour Landry do not appear to me to have anyi 
resemblance to Boccaceios story. Toldo aj)peara 
to refer to No. 14 of the ' Grand Parangon " as a 
variant (p. 91). 

* " Count Lucanor by the Prince John Manuel,! 

done into English by James York, 1868, London«i 
1899,"' p. 231. ^ 



t'. s. xii. Oct. .1, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



263 



of Nachargan," which, at a later date, fell into 
the hands of the Arabs.* 

I have briefly indicated sundry forms of 
the story of Aphikia. The variant in ' Count 
Lucanor' differs widely, and yet leaves an 
impression of relationship. It will be seen 
that the apocryphal book associated, in de- 
fiance of history and chronology, with the 
name of the wife of Jesus, the son of Sirach, 
consists of one of those folk-tales which are 
found in many lands, and have passed from 
East to West by different channels. Many 
other variants probably exist of the Aphikia 
story, although there are not, as yet, 
sufficient materials for constructing an exact 
pedigree. William E. A. Axon. 

Manchester. 

BEN JONSON AND GABRIEL HARVEY. 
(See 9'" S. xi. 201, 2S1, 343, 501 ; xii. 161.) 

In statu quo. — "No more could you in statu 
quo prius" (532a). The earliest instance of 
this in ' KStanford Dictionary ' is W. Watson, 
1602, and of in statu quo, Mabbe, 1623. 
Harvey introduced it. 

" Remayning still, as we say, m statu, quo " 
(Harvey, i. 68). 

Intoxicate. — " What, intoxicate ! is thy 
brain in a quintessence 1" (540b.) A favourite 
word with Harvey. ' N.E.D.' has one earlier 
instance, viz., from J. Bell (1581). The second 
in ' N.E.D.' is Holland's ' PHnie ' (1601). 

" Intoxicate sprite " (Harvey, ii. 216). See 
also ii. 95 ; iii. 23, &c. 

Quintessence : idea : metamorphosis : apology. 
— ''Is thy brain in a quintessence, an idea, a 
metamorphosis, an apology, ha, rogue ? " 
(540b.) "Quintessence" in an applied or 
figurative sense was rare ; it occurs twice 
(later) in Shakespeare. " Apology " and 
" idea " were barely divorced from classical 
use and made English. See 'Lucrece,' 31, 
for the vagueness of the former. The use of 
"idea" has always been a stumbling-block. 
Jonson ridiculed it already in ' Every Man 
in his Humour ' (10a). See Wheatley's edi- 
tion. "Metamorphosis" was as yet hardly 
used apart from Ovid. 

These are all Harvey words. " Quintes- 
sence" is a favourite in Harvey (i. 243 : ii. 62; 
ii. 67, &c.). " The Idee high " (i. 245) ; " New 

* Ni'tldeke in Zeitschrift der deii/f<rhen Morgev- 
landisch'u] GfnellHrhaff, Band xxxiii. S. 5'2;i. Mr. 
A. C. Lek, whose contributions to ' N. & Q.' on the 
history of transmission of popular fictions are always 
read with interest, kindly sends me references to 
Camerini's edition of Doni (for a narrative taken 
iown from an old Arab story - teller) and to Mr. 
W. A. Clouston's notes in Burton's ' Supplemental 
Nights ' (ii. 378). 



Idees of singularity " (i. 268) ; " Quaint Idees " 
(' Letter- Book,' Camden, 102), 1573, kc. ; 
usually in sense of our " ideal." " Metamor- 
phosis" (i. 273) ; used a little earlier in Lyly's 
' P]uphues.' Harvey made a " large Apology " 
at the Council table in Cambridge for some 
letters published without his authority, he 
tells us in his Third Letter, 1592. 

Crotchet. — " In thy crotchets already ! " 
(541a.) This term occurs three times in 
Shakespeare about this date or later. 

'N.E.D.' quotes Harvey (' Letter - Book,' 
Camden, 46), 1573, " Osburn stud uppon this 
chrotchet," as the earliest example in the 
sense of " whim " (origin obscure). " A wilde 
head full of crotchets " (i. 189) ; " a thousand 
crotchets " {ibid.). A Harvey expression. 

Surquedry.—"' No more of this surquedry " 
(541a). An old but uncommon word found 
in Chaucer and Spenser. 

" Surfeited with pleasure's surquedrie " 
(Harvey, i. 297) ; " toad-swoln in surquidry " 
(i. 291). He has "surquidrous " (ii. 101). 

In diebus illis. — " in diebus illis ! O pre- 
posterous ! " (541a.) Harvey used this in 
1589. Later Nashe has it in ' Lenten Stuffe' 
(1599), and Greene in ' A Quip ' (1592). 

" But old Aristotle was a deepe politician 

in diebus illis; and his reasons would not 

be altogether contemned " (Harvey, ii. 191). 

Curvet : jjrognosticate.—" His muse some- 
times cannot curvet, nor prognosticate, and 
come off as it should " (541a). Compare " his 
very Intellect Is naught but a curvetting 
sommerset "of Marston, which I have already 
shown undoubtedly refers to Harvey. The 
earliest transferred use in ' N.E.D. ' is Shake- 
speare, ' As You Like It,' 1600. The earliest 
in any sense is his ' Ven. and Ad.,' 1592. 

"Corvettest and showest thy crankes 
among a company of valorous Captaines, 
whose stirrop thou art not worthy to hold ' 
(Harvey, iii. 35). " Prognosticate " was a 
favourite term with Gabriel Harvey, as well 
as with his brother Richard, the almanac- 
maker. In G. Harvey's ' Earthquake Letter,' 
which brought him so much ridicule, it occurs 
i. 54, 55, and later ii. 60, &c. (jxissim). 

Paraphrase. — "I'll hammer out a para- 
phrase for thee" (541a). 

A favourite Harvey word (i. 20, etc.). 

Circumference. — "We spend time in a vain 
circumference " (541a). 

Harvey has a similar figurative use much 
earlier than any in 'N.E.D.': "Make the 
conjuring wizard forsake the senter of his 
circle, and betake him to the circumference 
of his heels " (ii. 210). 

Dilemma, : hyperbole. — " Your dilemmas 
and your hyperboles " (542a). 



264 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9t'> s. xii. Oct. .% 1903. 



These and a nuiober of other rhetorical 
terms are used in reference to Harvey's 
lectureship on the subject at Cambridge. 

Bodomont : Machiavel. — "Sweet Radamant, 
sweet Machiavel" (542a). Probably Juniper 
means Ilodomont. 

" To bate Sir Rodoraont an ace" (Harvej^, 
ii. 296) ; "Such another Rodomont" (ii. 225). 
Machiavel is frequent in Harvey's pages (ii. 
306, &c.). 

Exigent. — " True love's exigent " (542a). 
In this sense (needs, requirements) the 
earliest in ' N.E.D.' is Douay Bible (1609). 

" Exigence " = e.r/^e%^s (Harvey, ii. 37, 138). 

Anatomy.— '''' Would you make an anatomy 
of me ? " (543a.) The earliest example of 
sense of "skeleton" is 1594. The earliest of 
anatomie is 1658. The senses in Harvey are 
probably that in whicli Lyly used it in ' Pap 
with an Hatchett,' 1589 (' N.E.D.'s ' earliest). 
Verj' rarely used in transferred senses. 

"An Anatomie of the minde" (Harvey, ii. 
243) ; " Anatomy of variety " (ii. 245) : 
" Anatomie of Fortune " (ii. 243). 

Orthography. — " Think you not I am true 
orthography '^ Jaq. Orthography ! anatomy !" 
(543a.) Used earlier than Harvey, but one 
of his favourite " jaw-breakers." 

See Harvey, i. 21, 76, 103, 104, &c. 

Inviolable: predicament: intimate. — "Be 

not so inviolable What predicament call 

you this? Why do you intimate so much T' 
(543a.) All as yet pedantic terms. 

"Inviolable" (Harvey, i. 40; ii. 201); 
" intimate," verb (ii. 87) ; " predicament " 
(i. 21, 170). 

Bombard. — "These bombard-slops, what is 
it crams them so ? " (543a.) The earliest 
transferred sense in ' N.E.D.' is Shakespeare's, 
of a bottle, in ' 1 Hen. IV.,' II. iv. 497, " That 
huge Bombard of Sacke " (1596), and ' Tem- 
pest.' 

A favourite term with Harvey. He coins 
"Sir Bombarduccio" (ii. 18); "Such a Bom- 
bard-Goblin " (ii, 17) ; " Bombarder of terms " 
(i. 205). See also ii. 41, &c. Harvey is 
equally at home with the similarly used 
" bombasted," both very applicable to his 
own language. 

Conundrum. — " Stand not upon conun- 
drums now : thou knowest what contagious 
speeches I have suifered for thy sake " 
(544a). Not quoted in ' N.E.D.,' but it forms 
the only earlier example than Jonson's 'Fox' 
("My crotchets and my conundrums"), 1605, 
except Nashe's personal and somewhat doubt- 
ful example. Middleton's 'Ram Alley' 
(1611, not in ' N.E.D.') would come next. 

Nashe says: "So will I drive him 

[G. Harvey] toconfesse himself a conundrum, 



who now thinks he hath learning enough to," 
&c. This is the earliest use in ' N.E.D.' 

Inexorable : infallible : intricate : superficial. 
— " [Shew him the gold] Juniper. O in- 
exorable ! O infallible ! O intricate, divine, 
and superficial fortune " (544a). More pedan- 
try. All these long words occur, but very 
sparingly, in Shakespeare. 

" Inexorable rigour " (ii. 194). The earliest 
impersonal use in ' N.E.D.' is 1600. "Infal- 
lible '■' (i. 287, 209 ; ii. 85 ; i. 76, &c.). " Intri- 
cate " (i. 26; ii. 114; i. 127; iii. 15, &c.). 
" Superficial " (i. 230 ; ii. 90 ; iii. 6). 

Stigmatical.—"'! will have three or four 
most stigmatical suits" (544a). This term 
occurs in ' Com. of Errors,' 1591. It was used 
in the Harvey-Nashe war. 

" Thou will be so cosmoligized, if thou 
beest catcht here, for calling our Masters of 
Arte stigmatical, that is, burnt with a hot 
Iron " (iii. 41). " Thou " is Nashe. 

Superintendent : addicted. — " [He] shall no"t 
be superintendent upon me? he shall not be 
addicted? he shall not be incident" (548a). 
"Addicted to Theory "is one of tlie expres- 
sions Nashe reproaches Harvey for using 
(Grosart's 'Nashe,' ii. 262; ' Foure Letters 
Confuted,' 159.3). 

"The superintendent of the presse " (ii. 79, 
183). " Addicted "(i. 228). 

Princox : agg7rt,vate.—^' Sitsind away, prin- 
cox ! do not aggravate my joy " (548b). 
Princox is a favourite with Harvey. It 
occurs in ' Romeo and Juliet,' but not else- 
where in Shakespeare or Jonson. An old 
word. "Aggravate'' had somewhat an 
affected use. Compare Bottom in ' Mid- 
summer Night's Dream ' (I. ii. 84) and Falstaff 
in ' Merry Wives' (II. ii. 296). 

" Princocke" (i. 283 ; ii. 87), to Nashe : "I 
will not aggravate or discourse particulars" 
(i. 192), and at i. 118, 288, &c. 

Alabaster. — "His alabaster blade cannot 
fear me" (548b). Earliest in 'N.E.D.' is 
Sidney's 'Arcadia,' "alabaster throate." 
Shakespeare has " alabaster arms " (' Richard 
III.'). A new expression. 

" Alabaster necke " (ii. 285). 

Linguist. — " Has he his French linguist ? " 
(549a.) Jonson has this new word in ' Every 
Man Out,' III. i. (1599). 

" The many-tongued Linguist " (Thoriu.s), 
ii. 15. 

Elocution. — " Dost thou fear a little elocu- 
tion ? " (554a.) Perhaps he means "execu- 
tion." 

Elocution is naturally a frequent word in . 
the writings of a lecturer on the subject 
(i. 95, 219; ii. 51), &c. 



9'" s. XII. OCT. 3, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



265 



A^ovels.— ''Is that any Novels, sir? " (554a.) 
Jonson ruocks the French "que nouvelles 1 " 
in 'Every Man Out,' V. ii. (1599). 

" Less Appetite to desire such Novels "' 
(i. 190). Harvey has also "Novellets" (i. 215) 
and " Novellists " (ii. 208). 

The foregoing parallels seem to me to show 
that Gabriel Harvey was the chief offender 
in word-coining, against whom Jonson 
designed the part of Juniper. There is 
nothing, or very little, personal in these hits. 
Tlie very selection of the humblest of trades 
and the love of balladry may have been 

Eleasantry against Harvey, who detested 
oth. Jonson had no real quarrel with 
Harvey, as he had later with Marston and 
Dekker. H. C. Hart. 

{To he continued.) 



DEAN'S YARD, WESTMINSTER, NO. 17. 

A VERY pleasant book of Westminster 
memories connected with the old school has 
been written and given to the world by Capt. 
F. Markham, under the title of ' Kecollections 
of a Town Boy at Westminster, 1849-55.' As 
is, perhaps, only natural, the pages which 
afford the best reading ;are those wherein the 
schoolboy scrapes, &c., are recorded. Among 
his early escapades — perhaps his first— was 
stealing a bell-handle at the instigation of 
a bigger boj^ named Slade, which is recorded 
as follows : — 

" Slade joined me with another bhidgeon con- 
cealed under his gown. He led the way to the 
' Bishop of (iloucester's house. Tlie door was painted 
a beautiful olive green ; the knocker, door-bell, 
name-plate, and letter-box were of brass, all beau- 
tifully polished. Slade said, 'Now, then, here you 
are ; you take the bell and I will take the knocker. 
When I say " Go,"' pull the bell out to full stretch 
and give it a good whack with your stick.' I have 
the bell-handle on my mantelpiece," 

the author unblushingly continues when 
closing the story, and there appear to be 
but few regrets underlying the admission. 
The house herein described as the residence 
of the Bishop of Gloucester ceased to be so 
soon after Capt. Markham went to West- 
minster in 1849. In that year the Be v. 
Dr. Milman, Canon of Westminster and 
Kector of St. Margaret's, where he had been 
since 1835, was preferred to the Deanery of 
; St. Paul's. He had lived, so far as I can find 
out, at any rate for a considerable portion of 
the time while holding his Westminster ap- 
pointments, at Ashburnham House, standing 
in Little Dean's Yard, and with, in those 
days, an outlet in the rear into the south 
walk of the cloisters. This house, in many 
ways very notable, was called after Lord 



Ashburnham, who occupied it in 1708, its 
chief attraction being its exceedingly 
beautiful staircase, constructed by Inigo 
Jones. Here had also been housed the King's 
Library in 1712, and in 1730 that of Sir 
Robert Cotton. Therefore it will be seen 
that Dr. Milman was lodged amidst memo- 
ries likely to be congenial to a student 
of his character. A subsequent occupant 
was the Uev. Lord John Thynne, for many 
years a Canon of Westminster and Sub-dean. 
At his death the house became associated 
with Westminster School, by the authorities 
of which it is still used. Dr. Milman's suc- 
cessor at St. Margaret's and in the canonry 
was the Rev. Dr. William Cureton, and during 
his early days at Westminster, if not from 
the first, the fine house alluded to as having 
been hitherto that of the Bishops of Glou- 
cester was vacant. By the special desire 
of Queen Victoria, it became the rectory 
of St. Margaret's parish, and in it have lived 
all the subsequent occupants of that position, 
viz., the Rev. William Conway, M. A. ; Rev. 
Frederic William Farrar, D.D., F.R.S., after- 
wards Archdeacon of Westminster, and lately 
Dean of Canterbury ; Rev. Robert Eyton, 
M.A. ; Rev. Joseph Armitage Robinson, D.D., 
now Dean of Westminster ; and the present 
rector. Rev. Herbert Hensley Henson, B.D. 
It is a noble structure of good old honest brick- 
work, containing many large rooms, and is in 
every way an ideal residence for the student, 
as the quietness of the spot is proverbial, 
and it would be difficult to find another locality 
in the centre of one of the busiest parts of 
London where the sound of the passing traffic 
of the outside world becomes but a low 
murmur, adding to the charm of its almost 
complete isolation. That its situation has lent 
itself to the cause of study there are many 
who will be thankful, for beyond all doubt 
many of the sermons preached both in the 
AlDbey and in St. Margaret's Church have 
gained much from the peacefulness of the 
surroundings of the study in which they were 
piepared ; and much of the work, less clerical 
and more secular, of Drs. Cureton, Farrar, 
and Robin.son gained not a little from the 
same happy circumstance. The edifice has 
also been the scene of many reunions, at 
which most of the notabilities of the latter 
half of the bygone century, in the world of 
poetry, art, science, drama, law, and medicine, 
have assisted, in addition to those whose 
avocations were almost entirely centred in 
religious work. One can scarcely help fancy- 
ing that the present Bishop of Gloucester, 
Dr. Ellicott, must often feel a pang of regret 
at its alienation from his diocese, and it 



266 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9"ss. xii. orx. 3, im 



may perhaps be said that, if these remarks 
should catch his eye, Capt. Markham may 
possibly feel disposed to make restitution, 
and let Canon Henson enshrine upon his 
mantelpiece the old brass bell-handle belong- 
ing to this building. 

There is one very interesting room on the 
ground floor which has been during late years 
converted into a small chapel, capable of seat- 
ing from thirty to forty persons. In the east 
wall there is a pretty arched recess, in which 
the altar has been placed, the arch being 
of a very ancient date and of considerable 
beauty of moulding, kc. ; indeed, there is 
little doubt that this wall was a portion of 
the Prior's House, or lodgings, as will be seen 
by reference to the plan of Westminster 
Abbey and its precincts about 1535, given as 
a frontispiece in Dean Stanley's ' Historical 
Memorials of Westminster Abbey,' 1868. This 
portion of the eastern side of Dean's Yard, 
the learned author states, had a long line of 
buildings which were 

"occupied by the five lesser dignitaries of the 
Abbey— the Prior, the Sub-prior, the Prior of the 
Cloister, and the two inferior Sub-priors, or spies of 
the Cloister, whose duty it was to keep guard over 
the behaviour of the monks." 

W. E, Hakland-Oxley. 
C2, The Almshouses, Rochester Row, S.W. 



Encouragement by England of the Iron- 
making Industry in America.— The follow- 
ing transcript of a rare broadside— issued, I 
should say, about theyear 1720— will, I think, 
interest many of the readers of ' N. & Q.,' not 
only as bringing to mind the commercial 
relations between this country and its 
colonies a couple of centuries ago, but 
also as affording some food for reflection to 
students of fiscal problems at the present 
day :— 

" Reasons Humbly Offered for the Encouragement 
of making Iron in His Majesty's Plantations of 
America.— The Swedes of all Nations in Europe 
in i)roportion to their Trade carry the greatest 
Quantities of Gold and Silver from England, yet no 
other Kingdom has endeavoured to impose on us as 
they have done. 

" Within this Twenty Years the Government 
and Company of Stockholm Engrossed all the Tar, 
which they obliged us to take at extravagant Prices: 
and had not the Parliament of England prudently 
provided against their Monopoly, by encouraging 
the making that Commodity in our own Plantations, 
it's hard to judge what Difficulties they might have 
put us to by this Time. 

"The Necessity the present Parliament was 
under to prohibit Trade with them has raised Iron 
nearly 50 per cent., and if it should be to be opened 
again they are preparing a new Imposition to be 
laid on it of near 25 per cent., which we must ])ay, 

iirovided no other Supply can be found out. The 
English plantations in America abound with Wood, 



Iron-Oar and other Materials for making Iron ; and 
if suitable Encouragement was given, we might be 
supplied with great Quantities from thence. 

"This would engage the people in those Colonies 
to employ themselves in making Iron, and enable 
them to make Returns for purchasing Woollen 
Manufactures and other productions of Jingland, to 
supply their Wants, and prevent their falling on 
our Manufactures, which their Necessities (if not 
otherwise provided for) will force them to. Since 
v/e can be so well supplied by our own Subjects, , 
who will be paid for their Iron by the Manufactures- 
of England, we shall prevent the ill Treatment wei 
have received from Sweden, encourage our owm 
Navigation, keep our Money at home, and save the 
great Expence of fitting out a Royal Navy to- 
protect our Trade. The Bounty on Pitch and Tar 
has already so well established those Manufactures, 
in our own Plantations, that England has pitchr, 
enough for their own Consumption from thence— 
and export great Quantities to Holland, Hamburgh, 
Portugal, Spain, &c. And 'tis to be hoped those 
Manufactures will be so well established in a short 
Time, that they will support themselves. 

"Such considerable Sum.s must be laid out to 
erect Iron-Works, that when once built, will engage 
the proprietors to proceed on making Iron, which is 
a Security to the Government that the Encourage- 
ment will answer the End proposed. 

"Note. — That the granting the Bounty on Plan- 
tation Pitch and Tar has supplied us with such 
Quantities from thence that the price of pitch is 
brought down to fts. per cwt. or under, whereas 
formerly we paid for Swedish pitch 16.v. per cwt., 
and the price of Tar to lis. per Barrel, for which 
we formerly gave the Swedes 3/. per Barrel. Great 
Sums of Money have been paid by way of Bounty : 
yet it is presumed it does not amount to so much 
(allowing the Bounty to be Part of the first Cost) 
as the extraordinary Price the Swedes would have 
had from us for the Pitch and Tar used by the 
Navy ; and 'tis to be doubted whether they would 
have supplied us with all we wanted for our 
Money." 

J. Eliot Hodgkin. 

Dr. Edmond Halley. (See 9''' S. x. 361 ; 
xi. 85, 205, 366, 463, 496 ; xii. 125, 185.)— I am 
indebted to Mr. lialph J. Beevor, M.A., for 
reference to a statement that among the 
manuscripts of the Earl of Ashburnham are 
"original letters addressed to John Anstis, 
Esq., Garter King -at -Arms, between the 
years 1715 and 1746, by Edmund Halley, 
Thomas Hearne, &c.," folio. Cp. Eighth 
Report of the Royal Commission on Historical 
Manuscripts, Appendix, Part III. col. 12b, 
section 35 (London, 1881). It seems not 
unlikely that Hallej^, following Newton's 
example in this as in some other instances, 
may have filed a pedigree in the College of 
Arms. 

John Aubrey gives the coat armorial of 
the Halley family in colours : " Sable, a fret 
and a canton argent." Cp. Aubrey's ' Briei 
Lives,' Clark, i. 282 (Oxford, 1898). Ther& 
are of published record other coats armorial 
of families named Halley. 



9"- S. XII. Oct. 3. 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



267 



A careful search made for me through the 
index (of vendors), Middlesex Land Registrj% 
for the years 1726-70, failed to discover the 
name of Halley. " The parish of Shoreditch 
being outside the City of London, one would 
expect to find a record of the Haggerston 
property," once belonging to Edmund Halley, 
sen. {oh. 1684). The latter is said to have 
been drowned. 

It has not been my good fortune yet to 
obtain personal access to the 'Defence of 
Dr. Halley against the Charge of Religious 
Infidelity,' by the Rev. S. J. Rigaud. There 
is other evidence, however, sufficient clearly 
to disprove the assertion that Halley was an 
atheist. I venture to think that there is a 
slight similarity of character between Ed- 
mond Halley and Abraham Lincoln, at least 
in so far as concerns their mutual love of 
demonstration and their religious belief. 
Cp. ' Six Months at the White House,' 
F. B. Carpenter, New York, 1867, pp. 190, 
314. Both Halley and Lincoln were men of 
cheerful, kind, and sympathetic temperament, 
inclined always to accommodate others, 
though it might be at their own personal 
inconvenience. Even Thomas Hearne, who 
appears not to have hesitated to record any 
rumours he could find about Halley, does 
not undertake to deny statements made by 
others that Halley believed in the Deity. 
Cp. ' Remarks and Collections of Thomas 
Hearne,' iii. 472, 473 (Oxford, 1889). I have 
previously referred to Sir David Brewster's 
opinion o£ this matter (see 9''' S. xi. 85). 

Eugene Fairfield McPike. 

Chicago. 

The following small addition may be made 
to this collection. When the Rev. Arthur 
Ashley Sykes, D.D., was engaged in the 
"Phlegon" controversy against William 
Whiston and others, he obtained the calcula- 
tion of an eclipse from " the great Dr. Halley, 
whose consummate knowledge in geometry 
and astronomy the whole world acknow- 
ledges," " who is never to be named without 
particular honour" ('Defence of the Disser- 
tation on the Eclipse mentioned by Phlegon,' 
1733, pp. 4, 63). W. C. B. 



We must request correspondents desiring infor- 
nation on family matters of only private interest 
t( affix tlieir names and addresses to their queries, 
ir. order that the answers may be addressed to them 
direct. 

" Pantagruelism." — This word, used by 
S(uthej% Coleridge, T. Wright, Lowell, and 
otiers, for the philosophy or practice attri- 



buted to Pantagruel, one of the characters of 
Rabelais, which has been defined as " the 
practice of dealing with serious matters in a 
spirit of broad and somewhat cynical good 
humour," is defined in Webster's 'Dictionary' 
of 1864 as "the theory or practice of the 
medical profession ; used in burlesque or 
ridicule." This alleged meaning is repeated 
in Ogilvie's 'Imperial,' Cassell's 'Encyclo- 
psedic,' and recent American dictionaries, 
these, however, making it a second sense, 
following the literal one. No quotation for 
the word in this alleged sense has reached 
us, and I should be glad to be informed if 
any one has met with it so used, outside the 
dictionaries. Webster's editors name as their 
authority Southey, which raises the suspicion 
that their definition may have arisen from a 
misunderstanding of Southey's use of the 
word in ' The Doctor.' At the same time I 
can quite imagine that some later punster 
may have seen in " Pantagruelism " an " all 
gruel " practice. I await further light. 

J. A. H. Murray. 

A History of Bookselling. — 

" The late Mr. Triibner had collected an enormous 
amount of material for a work on the History of 
Bookselling, and from time to time spoke to his 
friends of publishing it as soon as he could finish it 
to his satisfaction. We should be glad to hear that 
something was to be done with these interesting 
collections."— i?i6^tOf/)-a/;/ier, October, 1884, p. 147. 

Can any one tell me if Mr. Triibner's material 
is still in existence, and if it is available ? 

Wm. H. Peet. 

' Baby-Land ' : Poem. (See 7^"^ S. vii. 368 ; 
ix. 168.) — I shall be extremely obliged if Mr. 
Jonathan Bouchier would let me have a 
copy of this piece, or tell me where I could 
obtain one. S. J. Adair Fitz-Gerald. 

9, Brunswick Square, W.C. 

"Nothing." — Can any of your readers 
remind me in what journal (daily or weekly), 
in August, I think, I read some clever lines 
on this word ? The only ones I can remember 
ran — 

What the poor man has, 
What the rich man requires. 

E. P. W. 

[The subject has been recently discussed at length 
in ' N. & Q.' See y"> S. xi. 166, 333, 395, 452, 517 ; 
xii. 93.] 

MoNARCHs Travelling Incognito.— Could 
you supply me with the names and dates of 
visits of any foreign Crown Princes who 
have travelled (say between thirty and sixty or 
seventy years ago) incognito in this country, 
learning its customs, politics, &c., so that 
they might the better be fitted for the high 



268 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9"' s. xii. oct. 3, im 



positions they might aftervvards occupy in 
their own lands'? Northern. 

" Merrily danced the Quaker's wife." — 
Can you tell me where to find the words of 
" Merrily danced the Quaker's wife " — the old 
song, and not the new words written by 
Prof. Biackie to the old tune ? G. A. M. 

Golden Rule.— Is the origin known of the 
expression " Golden Rule " as applied to the 
summary of our duty to our neighbour — " to 
do to all men," &c. ? A. M. H. 

AnoloSaxon Names and Titles.— I shall 
be obliged for a translation of "scir locc " 
and "muf," if any of your correspondents 
can kindly supply the same. An Anglo- 
Saxon entry, beautifully written (in the early 
part of the eleventh century) and carefully 
punctuated by the scribe, contains those 
terms, and hitherto no explanation of them 
has been suggested. 

A manumission ceremony took place, the 
act being by the lady iEth.ieltlcTed, wife of 
"^thjelwerd dux." The witnesses are thus 
described in the record :— 

" rethffistan presbiter . wine presbiter . dunstan 
presbiter . goda minister . telfwerd scir locc . ;ethfel- 
wine muf . ealdred fratre' ejus . eadsige scriptor . 
et hii [a second list] prudens presbiter . boia dia- 
conus . wulfsige diaconus . bryhsige clericus ." 

The act was afterwards confirmed by " .Etha^l- 
wferd dux" himself, before the high altar of 
a monastic church, in the presence of the 
following witnesses : — 

"buruhwold bisceop . germanus abbas . tittherd 
presbiter . wulfsige diaconus . wurgent lilius samuel 

. ylcrerthon prepositus . tethion consul . [c , 

name cut away] iilius mor ." 

The bishop was of St. Germans, the abbot 
was probably Germanus of Cholsey, and the 
duke was probably the alderman soon after- 
wards outlawed by Canute. The punctuation 
leads one to suppose that the expressions 
".scir locc" and "muf" are descriptive of 
offices held by /Elfwerd and yEthselwine, two 
laymen. 

If not descriptive of offices held by them, 
they may, perhaps, be their surnames ; but 
if so, what do these surnames mean 1 We 
know what all the other names and titles 
signify, but the meanings of "scir locc" 
(Sherlock ?) and " muf " are not apparent. 

(Rev.) W. Iago, B.A. 

5, Western Terrace, Bodmin. 

Bastable. — I am very anxious for infor- 
mation on the subject of the Bastable family, 
formerly of Castle Island, co. Kerry. George 
Bastable {temp. Queen Anne), of Castle 
Island, was the father of Mary Bastable, who 



married Arthur Herbert, of Currens, co. 

Kerry. Whom did this George Bastable 

marry 1 Kathleen Ward, 

Castle Ward, Downpatrick. 

Gage. — I should be glad to have any par-j 
ticulars of the following Gages who were 
educated at Westminster School : Henry, 
admitted 21 June, 1813; H. H., at the schooll 
in 1782 ; William, admitted 17 September, 
1787 : W. H., at the school in 179G. 

G. F. R. B. 

Spurious Antiquities. — Where can par- 
ticulars be found of a manufactory of spurious^ 
antiquities in Rcsemary Lane, London ? Who 
were the partners, and what are the things- 
they produced in the main 1 

T. Cann Hughes, M.A., F.S.A. 

Lancaster. 

Hawthorn. — What is the true origin of 
hmv in hawthorn .? I have only Skeat's 
' Dictionary ' to refer to, and he gives it as 
from haiv, a hedge. But hedges are a com- 
paratively late invention. I ask because in 
a deed of early Henry III., which I have had 
before me, occurs the phrase "et unam 
dimidiam acram duarum selionum apud 
Horethornes inter terram Roberti in angula," 
&c. Iloret home — the white thorn, Sjnna 
alba, as distinct from the black thorn. 
Compare horehound and the erroneously 
termed Jjlack horehound. I should be glad 
to know if the deed quoted, nearly seven 
hundred years old, reveals a new derivation, 
or whether such a reading has been already 
discussed. Charles Swynnerton. 

[The'N.E.D.' mentions the "hedge" derivation 
as possible, but says that "the history of its de- 
velopment is not clear."] 

Hamburg: its Etymon. — Hamburg owes 
its fortune to its haven on the Elbe. The 
name of this river has probably the same 
origin as the Scandinavian elv, the common 
word for river. Haven in Scandinavian is 
hamn. Does Hamburg mean the " borough 
on the haven, haven-burg " ? 

E. S. Dodgson. / 

Brasenose Ale Verses.— Can any of you' 
correspondents kindly tell me when the cus- 
tom commenced of writing ale verses oi 
Shrove Tuesday at Brasenose College, Oxforr ? 

William Andrews. 

Royal Institution, Hull. 

'The Spirit or the Woods.'— Can any oie 
tell me who was the author of " The Spiritof 
the Woods, illustrated by coloured engrav- 
ings. By the author of ' The Moral of Flowes.' 
London : Printed for Longman, Res, 



9". S. XII. Oct. 3, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



269 



Orme, Brown, Green & Longman ; and M. 
llobinson, Leeds. 1837." 

I learn from the preface that it was the 
work of a lady, and that the illustrations 
were drawn by herself. They seem to be 
coloured by hand, but of this I am not quite 
certain. Edward Peacock. 

Wickentree House, Kirton-in-Lindsey. 

[Halkett and Laing state that Mrs. Hey is the 
author.] 

Latin Quotation.— I shall be glad if some 
kind reader will refer me to the source of the 
following lines : — 

Cui pudor et Justitia; soror 
Inoorrupta Fides, nudaque Veritas. 
Quando uUuni irivenient parem ? 

John T. Page. 

[Horace, ' Od.' I. 24, 6.] 

"Mala stamina vit.?;."— Said of the Stuarts 
by Willis, the Court physician to James II. 
(Burnet's ' History of his Own Time,' p. 252, 
book ii. V. 1). What Latin poet wrote this 1 
It sounds very like Martial. 

EicHARD Hemming. 

Churchwardens' Accounts.— I should be 
obliged for references to books that might 
assist me to unravel some of the puzzles pre- 
sented by certain churchwardens' accounts 
beginning 1524, and touching not only on 
matters ecclesiastical, but on the collection 
and distribution of civil and military rates. 

E. Lega-Weekes. 

Engraving of Cleopatra.— Can any one 
inform me whether an engraving in my 
possession is of value? It is oblong in 
form, and entitled " Cleopatre Qui Montre 
A Auguste Le Buste de lules Cuesar. Peint 
par Pompeo Battoni. Grave par Q. Mark a 
Vienne." The date 1781 is upon it. Augustus 
holds the left hand of Cleopatra, who with 
her right hand points to a large bust of Julius 
Cpesar on a pedestal. 

John Pickford, M.A. 

Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge. 

Pamela, Marchioness of Sligo. — I find 
the following entry in a traveller's diary : — 

" Sept. 21, 1SI.5. My birthday. I dined at Rocher 
de Cancale [in Paris] with the brothers Parish and 
with Sligo, who is now Pamehi's husband." 

According to the usual books of reference, 
however, the second Marquess of Sligo was 
a single man in 1815, and married the follow- 
ing year Hester Catherine, eldest daughter 
of the thirteenth Earl of Clanricarde. Who 
was Pamela 1 L. L. K. 

The Bishop in the Game of Chess.— As 
we learn from the 'Oxford Historical Dic- 



tionary,' there are tliree older and obsolete 
names given to the well-known figure in the 
game of chess which may move across the 
diagonal of a chessboard, now commonly 
called bishop— viz., "fool" (= F. frm), 
"archer," and "alfin" (= O.F. aio/in, or a(/Jn). 
It may, perhaps, be worth adding whence 
the latter Old English and Old French name 
has probably taken its origin. The fullest 
light which is thrown upon it, as well as 
upon its cognate Italian (dfieye, comes from 
the Spanish alfll, derived from Arabic and 
Persian al-0, and from the Russian and 
Slavonic equivalent don, both meaning 
originally also an elephant. May it be right 
to suppose that this piece in the game of 
chess presented, perhaps, at first (in Eastern 
countries ?) an archer seated upon an 
elephant, and that the elephant was dropped 
with us, after the analogy of the castle or 
rook, which likewise was placed at first 
upon an elephant? (See Prof. Skeat's 
'Etymological Dictionary,' suO 'Pook^.') 

H. Krebs. 

Bull Plain, Hertford.— Is Bull Plain, as 
a synonym for Bull Iling, a common name 
in English towns ? Is " Plain " connected 
with the Flemish "Plein" as a synonym for 
square or place ? H. 

Coon Song. — When did this term, now 
frequently to be heard in connexion with 
musical farces, pantomimes, and the like, 
come into use? Neither 'H.E.D.' nor the 
'Century Dictionary' has it, though Emerson 
is quoted in the former to illustrate coo7i 
stovj/. It might be suggested that it dates 
from 'The Little Alabama Coon,' a favourite 
song of some ten years ago ; and though, 
previous to that, Mr. Eugene Stratton had 
made popular ' The Dandy Coloured Coon,' 
the coon sour/, as usually understood, was of 
the former rather than the latter type. 

A. F. R. 

Gallini. — Francis and John, the twin sons 
of Giovanni Andrea Battista Gallini, better 
known as Sir .John Gallini, were admitted to 
Westminster School 21 January, 1782. Par- 
ticulars of their careers and the dates of their 
respective deaths are desired. Francis appears 
to have been admitted to Lincoln's Inn 
15 November, 1787, but was not called to the 
Bar by that Inn. G. F. R. B. 

Cellini's Hammer.— I have a quasi-silver 
hammer which was brought from Italy and 
given to me by a friend, who called it Cellini's, 
but could tell me nothing of an original of 
which it is presumably a copy. The note 
about the Camerlengo's silver liammer (aiite, 



270 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9'" s. xii. oct. 3. im 



p. 105) has renewed my interest in the tool 
that I possess, and has led me to wonder if 
the design of both be due to the indomitable 
Benvenuto. I do not suspect mine of being 
a copy of the Camerlengo's, for it is better 
calculated to brain a man than to make a 
gentle inquiry on his already deserted temples. 
The shaft is six inches long ; the head, which 
has an uncloven claw, measures four and 
a half inches ; and the weight of the article 
is twelve and a half ounces. It looks to me as 
if it might well give a blow or two to initiate 
the unwalling of a Porta Santa in the year of 
jubilee. I have no doubt that ' N. &, Q,' can 
afford enlightenment. St. Swithin. 



"TRAVAILLERPOUR LE ROI DE PRUSSE." 
(9"' S. xi. 289, 392, 437, 496 ; xii. 34, 111.) 
It seems to me that it is not irrelevant to 
settle whether the phrase is a proverb or not. 
For if it is, we need not look out for a source, 
whereas, if it can be made plausible that we 
have to do with a winged word, we maj^ 
induce students of French literature to be on 
the look-out for it. In the definition given 
at the last reference but one " neither — nor " 
must, of course, be " either— or," an obvious 
mistake— whether it is a slip of the pen or a 
misprint I cannot make sure now. Mr. 
Latham ought to prove why the saying is 
not a winged word, and why it is a proverb 
or proverbial phrase. The latter is, as he 
himself points out, a loose expression. Some 
use it as a synonym of "proverb," which is 
blamable, because in science one term is 
sufficient for one thing: others class under 
this heading anything that has the currency 
of a proverb, whether it is a whole sentence, 
as are, to quote such as have been treated in 
' N. & Q.,' "What has posterity done for us ? "; 
"First catch your hare"; or part of a sen- 
tence, as "like one o'clock," "as right as 
rain." With regard to their origin, they are 
twofold : they may be due to the many, like 
proverbs, or to an individual, like winged 
words ; naturally, often it cannot be decided 
to which class a certain saying belongs. Now 
if Mr. Latham calls our phrase a proverbial 
phrase, that does not mend matters, as he 
leaves us uncertain if he takes this in the 
former or the latter sense. In point of fact, 
Mr. Latham and I agree, as he has put his 
shoulder to the wheel by casting about and 
giving us the benefit of his extensive reading. 
The explanation Larchey gives is not bad in 
itself. It is certain that the Prussian soldiers 
did not draw pay in the period under dis- 



cussion for the thirty-first of a month ; they 
called this unlucky daj'^ the "Schlapper- 
mentstag." But by this the French setting 
of the phrase is not explained . In Frederick's 
army, it is true, served Frenchmen occa- 
sionally, mostly deserters ; but they were not 
the men to make a phrase, even if they had 
coined it, popular in a foreign tongue. The 
form shows by itself that it never reached 
beyond the circle of people of culture. But 
why wander so far 1 Frederick was passion- 
ately fond of French literature and surrounded 
himself with French men of letters, artists, 
officers, and political characters : I only men- 
tion Voltaire, D'Alembert, Maupertuis, La 
Mettrie, D'Argens, De Prades, Jordan, Beau- 
sobre, La Croze, Chasot, Launay. French 
ambassadors did not fail to observe, record, 
and report everything that happened, and 
seemed to deserve notice, at the Prussian 
Court. May not among this lively set of 
witty Frenchmen the word have sprung up, 
either with reference to the custom men- 
tioned above, or when Frederick did not 
remunerate their important services suffi- 
ciently 1 To sum up, and repeat what I s4id 
before, I think, if ever the source should be 
traced, it will be in the French writers, 
whether professional or occasional, of the 
eighteenth century, and I trust that Me. 
Latham will be among the foremost to watch 
for it. G. Krueger. 

BerUn. 

DuNCALFE (9"> S. xi. 289, 392, 476).— Accord- 
ing to Daniel and Samuel Lysons's ' Cheshire,' 
1810, the Duncalfes of Foxhurst, more gener- 
ally called Fox wist, in the township of 
Butley or Butleigh, in the hundred of Maccles- 
field, were an ancient family. They lived at 
Foxwist Hall for several generations, and had 
male issue at the time of Glover's Visitation 
in 1566. A younger son settled at Holderness 
in Yorkshire. Foxwist was sold by William 
Duncalfe in 1609 to Sir Urian Legh, who died 
seised of it 3 Car. I. (i.e., 1627 or 1628) :— 

*' It has been for nearly two centuries in the 
Leglis of Adlington : it is at present occupied by a 
cottager : the lands now form part of Adlington 
Park."— P. 726. 

" There is a gentleman of this name (Duncalfe) in 
the adjoining township of Adlington, where his 
ancestors have resided for many generations, who, 
probably, is the male representative of the Dun- 
calfes of Foxwist."— P. 838. 

See also pp. 396, 846, 

Probably' Thomas Duncalf, mentioned be- 
low, was alive when the Lysons collected 
their information. Mr. Pickford (8'^'^ S viii. 
212) quotes from 'The Ancient Parish of 
Prestbury,' by Frank lienaud, M.D. (vol. xcvii. 



9'>' S. XII. Oct. 3, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



271 



of the Chetham Society Publications, 1876). 
It may be worth while to quote more iuWy. 
In his account of ' The Present Church of 
Prestbury,' Dr. llenaud writes : — 

" Passing up the centre of the nave, two small 
brass plates are to be seen screwed to a pew door, 
inscribed thus: 'Here lieth the body of Thomas 
Duncalf, Esq., of Adlington, of the ancient family 
of the Duncalfs, formerly of Foxwist, in Butley, 
who departed this life Sept. 25, 1805, aged 84. Also 
Ann his wife, who departed this life Nov. 28, 1774, 
aged 58.' 

"'Sacred to the memory of Mary Duncalf, of 
Adlington, who departed this life Aug' 18, 1839, 
aged 87 years. In the same grave lie also the re- 
mains of her sister Ann Duncalf, who departed this 
life Feb. 5, 1842, aged 82.' •"' 

Dr. Pienaud speaks of the above as the last 
survivors in genteel circumstances of the old 
family which formerly owned Foxwist. He 
adds that 

" nothing of the house remains but part of the 
foundation walls, upwards of a yard in thickness. 
A part of the site is occupied by a small seven- 
teenth-century half-timbered dwelling. Till a few 
years ago the water remained in the inner moat ; 
and when it was drained off a good many objects of 
interest were found, and amongst others a figure of 
Christ in good Byzantine workmanship." — Pp. 37, 38. 

The name of Duncalf can scarcely be called 
" a very common surname in Cheshire." I 
have looked for it pretty carefully in Kelly's 
' Cheshire Directory ' of 1902. 1 have found 
one of the name under ' Court ' in Birken- 
head, two in partnership as butchers at Con- 
gleton, one a chemist, druggist, and insurance 
agent at Macclesfield, and one a mason at 
Wilmslow. In the ' Directory,' in every case, 
as in Dr. Renaud's 'Ancient Parish of Prest- 
bury,' the name is Duncalf, not Duncalfe. 

Addenda. — In a deed dated 22 May, 
31 Henry VI. (1453), one Tliomas Duncalf 
appears as one of the witnesses. By it Hamon 
le Mascy grants his manoi.s, Ac, in the town 
of Hartford, co. Chester, and tlie manor of 
Horton, co. Chester, to Nicholas Birom, Robert 
Leigh of Adlington, sen., and others. 
i In 14G4 Thomas Duncalf (perhaps the above- 
named witness) was appointed to receive 
from two of the Mascys, in equal portions, an 
annuity of thirteen shillings and fourpence. 
(See Transactions of the Historic Society of 
Lancashire and Cheshire, Xew Series, vol. iii. 
pp. 83, 89.) 

Marshall's 'Genealogist's Guide,' 1879, s. v. 
' Duncalfe,' gives " Foster's Visitations of 
Yorkshire, 141." Robeet Pierpoint. 

" Wenthlok " (9'h S. xii. 188).— It may be 
taken as certain that the " Kayrwent infra 
comitatum de Wenthlok in Wallia " was 
Caerwent in the hundred of Caldicot. 
There was much confusion in applying the 



names Gwent, GwentUwg, Netherwent, &c., 
the boundaries of those territories being 
variously defined in documents of the same 
period. GwentUwg means, etymologically, 
the flat land along the Severn sliore ; and it 
is highly probable that the name was some- 
times applied to the lowlands east of the 
river Usk, though now it is confined to those 
lying between (jardiff and Newport. 

John Hobson Matthews. 
Monmouth. 

Authors op Quotations Wanted (9^^ S. 
xii. 188).— "I asked of Time," &c., is the 
commencement of a sonnet by the Italian 
poet Petrocchi, translated by the Rev. 
Charles Strong, and published in his sonnets, 
London, 1862. 

"Tell me, ye winged winds," &c., is the 
first line of a song by Charles Maekay. It 
was set to music by the late Dr. Chard. 

EvERARD Home Coleman. 

71, Brecknock Road. 

The last of Indiana's quotations is from 
' The New Sinai,' by A. H. Clough, written 
in 1845. John B. Wainewright. 

Stafford (9**^ S. xii. 128).— Camden tells 
us that the spot or island where Stafford 
now stands was originally called Betheney, 
and was for many years the i-etreat of 
Berthelin, a distinguished hermit in ancient 
times. Dr. Plot, on p. 409 of his ' History of 
Staffordshire,' says that this Berthelin was 
the son of a king of this country and scholar 
of St. Guthlac, with whom he tarried till the 
saint's death, after which, though now un- 
known to his father, he begged this island of 
him, where he led a hermit's life for divers 
years, till disturbed by some one who envied 
his happiness, when he removed into some 
desert mountainous districts, where he ended 
his life. I am afraid further information is 
unavailable. Chas. F. Forshaw, LL.D. 

Baltimore House, Bradford. 

De Bathe Family (9^^ S. vi. 2G9 ; viii. 20 ; 
xii. 14).— There is at Fursdon a MS. copy of 
Risdon's 'Survey of Devon,' dated 1627, in 
which, as I am kindly informed by a member 
of the family, the entries concerning Bathe 
and Bindon correspond to the printed version, 
the name of the grantor of Bindon to Roger 
Wyke being Bache, and not, as in the Add. 
MS. 33,420, to which I have referred, " Banth 
alias Bath." Ethel Leoa-Weekes. 

Doctor's Recommendation (9^^ S. xii. 144). 
—I should imagine that this amazing addi- 
tion to the patients' board comes of a mis- 
translation : table and tahlette are very closely 



272 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9^^ s. xii. oct. 3, im 



allied, and tablette means a lozenge. I do not 
know whether table is ever used in the same 
sense. St. Swithin. 

"To eat the tables'' should surely be "To 
eat the tabloids." I hardly know whether I 
ought to suggest such an obvious misprint. 

North Midland. 

Bible (9"^ S. xii. _ 148).— In 'A Catholic 
Dictionarj',' art. 'Bible,' it is pointed out 
that "the Greek translator of Ecclesiasticus, 
writing soon after 1.32 a.c, mentions the law 
and the prophets and the rest of the Bible 
(to, Aotjrd TMv fiifiXinn') ; and a similar in- 
stance might be quoted from the first Macha- 
bees," ^.e., 1 Mach. xii. 9. 

John B, Wainewright. 

" Clameur de haro " : " Crier haro " 
(9th g xii. 126).— 

" We cut our way through successfully, and Gad, 
gentlemen, I carried my little Breakfast on the 
pommel before me ; and there was such a hollowing 
and screeching, as if the whole town thought I was 
to kill, roast, and eat the poor child, so soon as I got 
to quarters. But devil a cockney charged up to 
my bonny bay, poor lass, to rescue little cake-bread ; 
they only cried haro, and out upon me." — Wildrake, 
in ' Woodstock,' chap. xx. 

Adrian Wheeler. 

I have read somewhere that there is an 
old Norman proverb which says : " A Norman 
dead a thousand years cries Haro ! Ihiro ! if 
you tread on his grave." Was there such a 
proverb, and is it still current ? 

S. A. D'Arcy. 

Rosslea, Clones, co. Fermanagh. 

"Betwixt the devil and the deep sea" 
(9"^ S. xii. 128).— As to the origin of this— 

Froverb I was going to call it, but I am afraid 
should have Dr. Krueger " down " upon me 
if I did — familiar simile, the onlj^ light 1 can 
throw upon it is that Hazlitt quotes it as 
being in Clarke's ' Parreraiologia,' 16.39, under 
the form of " Betwixt the devil and the Dead 
Sea." A note says, "On the horns of a 
dilemma. In Cornwall they say deep sea, 
which may be right." 

With regard to the French equivalent 
for a similar idea, "etre entre I'enclume et 
le marteau " (or " le marteau et I'enclume "), 
to be betwixt the hammer and the anvil 
("in a cleft stick" occurs to one's mind), 
I find the following, including a quota- 
tion from Nicot's 'Explications d'Anciens 
Proverbes ' : — 

" A'^re cntrc Vcncliimf cf h marteau, c'est etre 
ogalement froisse, tourmente par deux partis 

opposes, etre le souffre-douleur Ce proverbe, dit 

Nicot, est tire du latin en mesnies mots et signifi- 
cation, infi..r inciuliiiii ct mallcum, et se dit des per- 
sonnes tjui sont tellement enveloppez de fascherie 



et anxi('ite, que de quelque cost6 qu'elles se tournen' 
ne recoivent que peine et affliction, comme un ft 
qu'on bat sur Venebtme ; lequel, au-dessous, sent 1 
clurete d'icelle, et par-dessus la pesanteur des coup 
de marteau tombant sur luy." 

Edward Latham. 

This was formerly " Between the devil an 
the Dead Sea." See ' H.E.D.' under ' Devil.' 

C. C. B. 

Coffee made of Malt {9^^ S. xii. 68, 1911 
— In my collection of French trade-cards ami 
shop-bills is the following scrap, printed oi^ 
very coarse paper : " Cafe de Carottes, pre 
miere qualite." In a lozenge M. E., signatun 
of M. Edighofien. Beneatn is the foilowin:i 
note : — 

" Cette marque est depos^^e au greffe du Tribune 
de Commerce a Col mar, conformem. k la Loi, d'apre 
laquelle les contrefacteurs et debitants seront poui 
suivis a des dommages et interets, et a Tapplicatio 
des peines port^es par I'article 143 du Code penal." 

The date is probably about 1830. 

J. Eliot Hodgkin. 

Ministerial Whitebait Dinner (9^^'^ S. xi 
189). — For the date and origin of the Minis 
terial Whitebait Dinner, see a long article iii 
V^ S. xii. 168 ; also Haydn's ' Dictionary o 
Dates,' the late Dr. Brewer's ' Phrase am 
Fable,' and Chambers's ' Book of Days,' whicl 
gives a copy of an article on this subjec 
from the Times of 1861. The dinner wa 
discontinued, I believe, in 1884. 

Everard Home Coleman. 

Richard Nash (9"' S. xi. 44.5 ; xii. 15, lie 
135). — I have in my possession copies of th 
original editions of the English epitaph b; 
Dr. Oliver, and of the Latin epitaph by Di 
King, which Goldsmith reprinted at pp. 18 
and 188 of the first edition of his 'Life o 
Pilchard Nash.' I believe both these pami 
phletsare rather scarce, and as a contributioi 
to the bibliography of the King of Bath, 
will ask permission to give the title-pages 
That of the English epitaph, or rathe 
panegyric, runs thus : — 

"A I Faint Sketch | of the | Life, Character, am 
Manners | of | The late Mr. Nash. 1 [Between tw« 
deep mourning lines] Imperium in Imperio. — | D 
MortinA vil nisi Bonvm. \ [Ornamental fleuron.] 
Bath : | Printed for John Keene, in King's-Mead j 
Street; and sold by W. Kingston, ] on Trim Bridgei 
I [Price Three-Pence.]" 

Quarto, pp. 8. including title-page. Las 
page blank. The text begins on p. 3 : " Bath 
February 13, 1761. This morning diec 
Ilichard Nash, Esquire, aged Eighty-Eight.' 
In those days this would mean that Nasi 
died in his eighty-eighth year. 

The title-page of the Latin epitaph run. 
as follows :^ 



9"^ 8. XII. Oct. 3, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



273 



"[Between two deep niourninK lines] Epitaphium 

I Richardi Nash, | Armigeri. | Bath : | Printed by 

C. Pope, and C". in Stall-Street : | and | Sold by J. 

Leake, Bookseller. | m.dcc.lxi. | [Price Six-Pence.]" 

Folio, pp. 8, including title-page. Last page 
blank. The text begins on p. 3. 

There are some interesting particulars 
about Nash in 'The Tunbridge Wells Guide,' 
178(3. He placed the Pump Room arrange- 
ments at Tunbridge Wells on the same foot- 
ing as those at Bath about the year 1735. 
! W. F. Pride A ux. 

One of your correspondents mentions Nash's 
portrait at Bath. Now, so far as I remember, 
though it is many years ago, it was a .statue 
of the famous M.C. that stood in the Pump 
Room, and may stand there still, and in that 
'view I am confirmed by Chesterfield's epi- 
gram, Avhich ran as follows : — 

Nash represents man in the mass 

Made up of wrong and right ; 
Sometimes a knave, sometimes an ass, 

Nov/ blunt and now polite. 

The statue placed the busts between 
Adds to the thought much strength ; 

Wisdom and wit are little seen, 
But folly 's at full length. 

Brutus. 

The suggestion of the Rev. J. Pickford 
that the portrait of Beau Nash should be 
replaced between the busts of Pope and 
Newton, for the sake of the epigram to which 
the combination gave rise, is not practicable. 
The location of these works of art was the 
Lower Rooms (as they were called to dis- 
tinguish them from the Upper), and they 
perished, it is believed, in the disastrous fire 
which occurred at the Rooms in 1820. With 
regard to the epigram, the honour of its 
authorship rests between Jane Brereton and 
Lord Chesterfield. The former wrote several 
verses on the same theme, which the latter 
is credited with crystallizing into the well- 
known jeu d'esprit. T. 

Bath. 

Authors of Books Wanted (9"' S. xi.. 4G8 ; 
xii. 74). — In a printed "Complete List of 
Knight's Weekly and Monthly Volumes " 
(186 in all), published by C. Cox, King 
William Street, Strand, signed C. Knight, 
24 April, 1849, the 'Life of Greshara' is 
advertised as by C. MacFarlane, confirming 
Mr. Sherborn's conjecture. 

Adrian Wheeler. 

AlTKEN (9"> S. xii. 129, 213).— The following 

quotation from Camden's ' Remaines ' will be 

; of intei*est to Sir Herbert Maxwell, as it 

shows very clearly that the English form of 



the word was considered to be derived from 
Arthur some 300 years ago. The correctness 
of tlie derivation would seem to be confirmed 
by the manner in which the soldiers treated 
the Duke of Wellington's Christian name 
two centuries afterwards. In his chapter on 
' Surnames ' Camden says : — 

" From Nicknames or Nursenames came these 
(pardon me if it oliend any, for it is but my con- 
iecture), Bill and Will for William, Clem for 
Clement, Nat for Nathaniel, Mab for Abraham, 
Kit for Christopher, Mund for Edmund, Hall for 
Harry, At and Atty for Arthur," &c. 

He then adds : — 

" Many likewise have bene made by adioyning 
Kins and Ins to those nursenames, making them in 
Kins as it were diminutives, and those in Ins as 
Patronymica. For so Alfric, Archbishop of Canter- 
bury, and the most ancient Saxon Grammarian of 
our nation, noteth that names taken from progeni- 
tours do end in Ins ; so Dickins, that is, little 
Dicke, Perkins from Peir or Peter, little Petre ; so 
Tomkins, Wilkins ; Hutchins, Huggins, Higgins, 
Hitchins from Hugh ; Lambkins from Lanibert ; 
Hopkins, Hobkins from Hob ; Dobbins, Kobbins ; 
Atkins from Arthur," &c. 

I quote from the second edition of the 
'Remaines,' 1614, pp. 131-2, but the whole 
of the article is contained in tlie first edition, 

ublished in 1605. "Adam" is not given; 

ut it is mentioned in the chapter bearing 
the title of 'Names' as one of the " usuall 
Christian Names," thus : " Adam, Heb. Man, 
earthly, or red." John T. Curry. 

The above is plainly the Scotch form of 
English Atkin = Adkin = little Adam, or the 
son of Adam. All are to be found in 
Bardsley's 'Dictionary of Surnames.' There 
is no connexion with Arthur. H. P. L. 

Shakespeare's Sonnets : a New Theory 
(9"' S. xii. 141, 210).— Mr. Ingleby will not 
allow that it is possible the Shakespeare 
Sonnets may have been the work of various 
iiands, as 'The Passionate Pilgrim ' certainly 
was, though published under Shakespeare's 
name. "Why should various hands," he asks, 
" be supposed to have been at work on these 
sonnets?" Simply because Shakespearean 
commentators cannot fit many of them, by 
any method of argument, into the circum- 
stances of Shakespeare's life. " The style 
tliroughout," says Mr. Ingleby, "is the same 
I inimitable work of the master hand." This 
! is a matter of opinion. Mr. Sidney Lee 
says :— 

"In literary value Shakespeare's sonnets are 
notably unequal. Many reach levels of lyric melody 
and meditative energy that are hardly to be 

matched elsewhere in poetry On the other hand, 

many sink almost into inanity beneath the burden 
of quibbles and conceits Passages of the highest 



274 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9"' s. xii. oct. 3, 1903. 



poetic temper at times alternate with unimpressive 
displays of verbal jugglery." 

The same remarks would apply admirably 
to the sonnets of Barnes. Mu. Ingleby main- 
tains that Barnes was so poor a sonneteer 
compared with Shakespeare that he could not 
have written Sonnet Ixxxvi. Well, I present 
him with the following sonnet, penned by 
Barnes, for the purpose of comparison with 
Sonnet Ixxxvi. : — 
Ah, sweet Content ! where is thy mild abode ? 

Is it with shepherds, and light-hearted swains, 
Which sing upon the downs, and pipe abroad. 

Tending their flocks and cattle on the plains ? 
Ah, sweet Content ! where dost thou safely rest? 

In Heaven, with Angels? which the praises sing 
Of Him that made, ancl rules at His behest, 

The minds and hearts of every living thing. 
Ah, sweet Content ! where doth thine harbour hold ? 

Is it in churches, with religious men, 
Which please the gods with prayers manifold 

And in their studies meditate it then ? 
Whether thou dost in Heaven or earth appear, 
Be where thou wilt ! thou wilt not harbour here ! 

Shakespeare produced much worse lines 
than these — the doggerel of the lampoon on 
Lucy, of his epitaph at Stratford, and of 
' The Phffinix and the Turtle,' of which Mr. 
Sidney Lee remarks, "Happily Shakespeare 
wrote nothing else of like character." 

Of ' The Passionate Pilgrim ' Mr. Ingleby 
remarks : — 

" It is certainly beyond the limits of credence 
that Shakespeare would have desired to appear 
as the author of his contemporaries' inferior pro- 
ductions." 

What are the facts 1 In 1599 ' The Passion- 
ate Pilgrim ' was published with the words 
" By W. Shakespeare " on the title-page. 
Only five of the poems in the volume were 
Shakespeare's, the bulk of the volume being 
by Barnfield, Griifin, Weelkes, Marlowe, 
lialeigh, and others. This work was in circu- 
lation as the sole unaided work of Shake- 
speare till 1612— a period of thirteen years — 
and Shakespeare never objected to the 
appearance of his name on the title as 
author. Does Mr. Ingleby maintain that 
Shakespeare neither saw nor heard of the 
book 1 If he had seen it, why did he not 
complain about the abuse of his name 
appended to "his contemporaries' inferior (?) 
productions'"? In the third edition (1G12) 
Hey wood objected to Shakespeare's (or 
.laggard's) theft of two of his pieces, and 

" in the result the publisher .seems to have removed 
Shakespeare's name from the title-page of a few 
copies. This is the only instance on record of a 
protest on Shakespeare's part against the many 
injuries which he suffered at the hands of con- 
temporary publishers." — S. Lee, pp. 182-3. 

Curiously enough, there is only one copy 
extent — that in the Bodleian — without 



Shakespeare's name on the title-page, bu 
this copy also contains a title-page with th 
name oi Shakespeare printed thereon. I 
1640 the ' Poems' of Shakespeare were pub 
lished, and included 'The Passionate Pi' 
grim,' 'The Lover's Complaint,' and th 
Sonnets, with translations of Ovid whic 
were certainly not the work of Shakespeare 
and since that date nearly every edition o 
Shakespeare includes ' The Passionate Pit 
grim,' of which Shakespeare only wrote fiv\ 
of the twenty pieces it contains. 

It is not generally known — but the nexx 
number of 'Baconiana' will prove it — thai 
" the many injuries which Shakespean 
suffered at the hands of contemporary pub 
lishers" could have been easily remediec 
either by Shakespeare or the player; 
who held the plays, as in the days o 
" Eliza and our James " there was recours 
at common laiv against the publication of an; 
work without the consent of the author o 
his assignee. A pertinent question, there 
fore, is, If Shakespeare was the author of th 
plays and poems piratically printed withou 
his consent or that of their legal possessors 
why did not he or they prosecute th 
thieves 1 

Ne Quid Nimis tells me the Sonnets " al 
came from one splendid head, and are auto 
biographical of the same splendid genius. 
The "genius" is incontestable; but if th 
" autobiographical " refers to Shakespeare 
his statement is open to objection. W 
have had many commentators endeavourini 
to work the Sonnets into the lif 
of Shakespeare, but every one of then 
has signally failed. Gerald Massey trie( 
it in his ' Shakespeare's Sonnets neve 
before Interpreted, and his Private Friend 
Identified,' but without success. Evei 
Mr. Sidney Lee confesses, " The autobio 

graphic element in his sonnets is seei 

to shrink to slender proportions." If the; 
are autobiographical of anybody, a number o 
them are autobiographical of Bacon, Barnes 
and others than Shakespeare. i 

Ne Quid Nimis also says : — 

"Moreover, the ' Parthenophil ' of Barnes (1593: 
is too early in date to meet the case. It was afte^ 
' Lucrece' (1594) that the question of the rival poe 
or poets arose." 

My critic forgets that my contention is tha 
in 1593 Shakespeare had secured the patron 
age of Southampton by means of ' Venu: 
and Adonis.' In the same year Barnes 
endeavoured to get at the ears of South- 
ampton through ' Parthenophil,' and failed 
In 1594 ' Lucrece ' brought Shakespeare i 
further share of patronage, which Baraef 



l gt" s. XII. Oct. 3. 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



275 



ti), resented, confessing his disappointment in 
the eighty-sixth Sonnet, which was jjossibly, 
but not certainly, written after tlie publica- 
tion of ' Lucrece.' The dates of the .Sonnets 
can only be guessed at, the only certainty 
being that they were published in 1G09, in 
the same year as Barnes died at Durham. 
There is no evidence to show that all the 
Shakespeare Sonnets were the "sugred 
sonnets "' referred to by Meres in 1598. One 
of them at least (cvii.) was written after the 
death of Elizabeth in 1603, as it undoubtedly 
makes reference to the queen's demise, the 
accession of James, and the release of South- 
ampton. The date of ' Parthenophil ' does 
not affect my argument. 

I hold that my theory is quite feasible 
that Barnes may have been the author of 
Sonnet Ixxxvi., and that the " rival poet " 
referred to was not Barnes, Chapman, or 
Daniel, but William Shakespeare. 

George Stronach. 

[Tliis discussion must now close, many con- 
tributors complaining of its length. We want new 
facts about Shakespeare and his works. Inferential 
; biography has been carried as far as it seems pro- 
fitable.] 

Translation (9^^ S. xi. 481 ; xii. 15).— I do 
not remember the source of the facetious 
rendering of Shakspeare mentioned by Mr. 
Marchant, and think I was only told of it ; 
but I have seen a French translation of 
' Faust ' in which the evil spirit's words in 
the prison scene were translated "Malheur a 
toi ! " the terseness of the German, or even 
[ the English, being utterly lost. On the 
; other hand, even Longfellow's translation of 
1 the beautiful German lyric ' Aennchen von 
I Tharau ' loses by its very exactitude, the iden- 
tical words being used, but, close as they are, 
the exact shades of meaning being not quite 
the same in both languages. Gut, for 
instance, probably being used in the sense of 
"estate "in the original, which our English 
word " good " hardly includes. 

W. F. KiRBY. 
Chiswick. 

The " Zauber-Kessel " in Essex (9''' S- 
xii. 206). — Some time ago 1 read a similar 
story in an East Anglian year-book. A ring 
handle in the church door of a village— 
Southwood, if I remember rightlj' — commemo- 
rates the attempt of two enterprising men 
to recover a chest of treasure from a pond. 
Their labours were nearly ended, and as he 
passed a pole through the ring one of them 
cried triumphantly, "Hurrah, we have it 
now, and even Old Nick shan't take it from 
us," He had better have remained silent, 



for instantly a cloud of smoke appeared and 
a black hand grasped the chest. The adven- 
turers, undaunted, fought valiantly, but lost 
all but the ring handle of the chest, which 
they transferred to the church door. Ariosto's 
limbo must be rich beyond measure if King 
Jamshyd's jewelled cup, the Nibelungen 
hoard, the treasures of the Spanish Main, 
and all the Zcniber-kessel are to be found 
there. Francis P. Marchant. 

Brixton Hill. 

Count de Bruhl (9"' S. xii. 189).— George, 
Count de Briihl, of Chingford, was the great- 
nephew of the Saxon Prime Minister vitu- 
perated by Carlyle. His father, Hans 
Moritz, Graf von Briihl, nephew of the Prime 
Minister, was Envoy Extraordinary from the 
Elector of Saxony to the Court of St. James's 
from 1764 till his death in 1809, and was 
eminent not only in diplomacJ^ but in various 
branches of science, especially astronomy. 
He was also a chess-player of European repu- 
tation, able even to compete with the cele- 
brated Philidor. He married, in 1767, Alicia 
Maria, Countess Dowager of Egremont, and 
by her had George, of Chingford ; another 
son, who died in infancy ; and a daughter 
Harriet, who became wife of the sixth, and 
grandmother of the present. Lord Polwarth. 
George von Briihl, who was born 23 Decem- 
ber, 1768, was for some time in the 3rd 
Foot Guards, but subsequently lived for 
many years at Cherry Down Farm, Chingford, 
where hediedin February, 1855, as recorded on 
his gravestone. If Mr. Wiltshire will look 
again at the inscription, he will see that the 
age as he gives it, eighty, was the original 
form, rightly altered afterwards into eighty- 
six. About sixty years ago I often saw Mr. 
George Briihl, as he was generally called, and 
remember him well as a kind-hearted old 
cynic, given to soliloquizing in satirical verse, 
especially against the policy of Sir Kobert 
Peel. B. Marsham-Townshend. 

Bacon on Hercules (9^'' S. xi. 65, 154, 
199, 352 ; xii. 54, 156).— Confirmation of what 
I have written (partly under the heading of 
' Shakespeare's Geography ') can be found in 
Ovid's 'Metamorphoses.' There is a slight 
reference to Iphigenia in one line of that 
work. Clytemnestra, Orestes, and Electra are 
not mentioned ; nor is the name, or story, of 
Briseis to be found there. Very slight is the 
allusion to the visit of iEneas to Carthage. 
But in the four lines which relate to Dido 
the pyre on which she burnt herself is men- 
tioned. The story of Q:]dipus is not touched 
upon. The Thersites of Homer is not that of 
Shakspeare. The o?ie is a mischievous dema- 



276 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9'" s. xii. oct. 3, loos. 



gogue ; the other is a snarling buffoon. The 
meagre account of Thersites in the 'Metamor- 
phoses ' would be suitable both to Homer's 
and to Shakspeare's creations ; and it might 
have given rise to Shakspeare's conception of 
the character. The 'Metamorphoses' must 
have been the only classical source of Shak- 
speare's knowledge of Greek myths. But he 
did not master even this work thoroughly. 
If he had read the Greek plays, either in the 
original or in a translation, he would have 
known much of the ancient history and 
mythology of the Greeks. But his works 
show that he had only a slight knowledge of 
both. Tlie likeness between his thoughts and 
those of the Greek dramatists must either be 
quite accidental, or he must have got at their 
thoughts otherwise than by reading their 
works. With regard to the Latin play of the 
' Menaschmi,' he could have known the plot 
of it without having read the play. It has 
been observed that, although its plot and 
that of 'The Comedy of Errors ' are the same, 
there is not much resemblance besides. It 
lias also been observed — and this is not un- 
likely—that 'The Comedy of Errors' was 
originally written by somebody else, and re- 
written by Shakspeare. I believe that the 
same thing may be said with truth of ' The 
Taming of the Shrew ' and other of his inferior 
plays. But none except himself could have 
written those that are really great. Chaucer 
has both false quantities and anachronisms 
in his poetry. But we see in 'The Wife of 
Bath's Tale,' in the Prologue to it, in ' The 
Cock and the Fox,' and elsewhere, that his 
reading of Latin was extensive. Spenser 
makes the second syllableof Euphrates short; 
and Marlowe, if he wrote 'Tamburlaine,' com- 
mits the same error. We cannot deny their 
scholarship, whatever faults we may find in 
them. Sir Walter Scott misquotes, and 
makes false quantities : — 

Moritur et moriens dulces reminiscitur Argos. 

And there are similar instances in his novels 
of a carelessness which seems to show ignor- 
ance. Yet undoubtedly he had read much 
Latin. Shakspeare, however, not only makes 
mistakes, but shows also a very limited 
knowledge of the classics. E. Yardley. 

' Reskimer, a Cornish Gent.' (9"' S. xii. 
1G9). — This was probably John Reskimer, of 
Marthen, in Cornwall, who was the head of 
his ancient family in Holbein's time. He was 
the son of William Reskimer by his wife 
Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Thomas Arundell, 
of Tolverne. The date of William Reskimer's 
Inq. p. m. was 11 Edw. IV., No. 45, he 
having died on 11 February, 1471, when his 



son John was found to be fourteen years ol 
age and over. He was therefore born about 
1457. He married first Elizabeth, daughter 
of Sir Robert Holland, and secondly 
Catherine, daughter of John Trethurff^e. The 
date of his death seems to be unknown. He 
was succeeded in his estates by his son John, 
who died childless, and the property then 
descended to the younger son William, who 
married Alice, daughter of John Densellj 
serjeant-at-law, and died 14 January, 15t)4i 
Either of these gentlemen might possibly\i 
have sat to Holbein. W. F. JPrideaux. 



Li 



' Notes and 
ferences (Q"' S 



Queries ' : Early Re 
xi. 265 ; xii. 151).— As itjj) 
would prove most interesting if all suchi' 
earl}^ literary references to 'N. & Q.' weref 
collected, let me add to those already given 
from Thackeray and Wendell Holmes one 
from Calverley. In his verses ' To Mrs. 
Goodchild ' (when were these first pub- 
lished ?), "C. S. C." wrote:— 

No doubt the Editor of 2i^o(es and Qiieries 

Or ' Things not Generally Known' could tell 
The words' real force— 

the words in question being "quite contrary"' 
in the children's " Mary, Mary," rime. 

Alfred F. Robbins. 

" CIavatina " (9^'' S. xii. 227).— As in other 
cases, we have to discover (1) the formal 
origin ; and (2) the sense-development. The 
first point is easy ; cavatina is a diminutive of i 
cavafa, fern. pp. of cavare, to hollow out; from 
Lat. c'lu-us, hollow. As to the sense, cavare 
seems to have had many meanings — as to 
hollow out, to mine, to fetch away earth, to 
draw out. Hence Zambaldi, at col. 301, 1. 1, 
of his 'Ital. Diet.,' says that cavafa means (1) 
the act of cavare; (2) in music, the mode of 
producing voice or of extracting sound from 
an instrument ; and that cavatina means a 
musical air, composed for the most part of a 
recitative, an adagio, and a cahaletta (else- 
where explained as a quick and merry song). 



which the actor sings as he enters upon the 
stage 



If this be right, the cavatina was so 
named from its mode of utterance. Further 
search in good Italian dictionaries will pro- 
bably tell us more. Walter W. Skeat. 

This word is derived from the Italian verb. 
ca.vare, which means to draw out or extract, 
as in the phrases cavare acqua, cavare un dente, 
cavar sa7ir/'ue, and has cavata for past participle ' 
feminine. LTsed substantivally, cavata is aj 
musical term for the extraction of sound from 
an instrument, especially the violin. With a' 
diminutive suffix it becomes cavatina, meaning ' 
a " short air taken (estratta) from a grand scena 
or from a piece consisting of several temxii" 



9tH s. XII. Oct. :u903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



277 



Tommaseo and Bellini's ' Dizionario della 
Liingua Italiana,' mi ^'oc). In Rees's ' Cyclo- 
jjtedia' it is said that " it is now [1819] seldom 
ised as a section of an air, but as an entire 
L,ir of short duration." The word " section " 
s to the point. F. Adajls. 

115, Albany Road, Camberwell. 

Mr. Bland, the Edinburgh Actor (9"' S. 
di. 207). — A little information, not including 
lis wife's name, about John Bland, eldest son 
)f Nathaniel Bland, LL.D., and grandson of 
;he Very Rev. James Bland, Dean of Ardfert, 
vill be found in Nicholas Cai'lisle's '(Jollec- 
ions for a History of the Ancient Family of 
31and,' London, 1826, 4to. By his second 
vife Dr. Bland became the father of Francis 
31and, of Killarney, whose daughter was 
\lrs. Jordan. Carlisle's ' Collections ' were 
3rinted privately, and it was, perhaps, respect 
"or the prejudices of his respectable patrons 
that led him to omit all reference to the 
.elebrated actress whose great-grandson has 
become the husband of the Princess Louise. 

R. A. Scott Macfie. 

SwoEN Clerks in Chancery (9"^ S. ix. 
08, 512 ; X. 34 ; xii. I.'i4). — In the interests of 
iccuracy, perhaps, Mr. Wainewright will 
lot object to my correcting an error in his 
communication at the last reference. The 
Index to Chancery Proceedings (Reynard- 
ion's Division), 1649 to 1714,' has been printed 
at any rate up to the letter K), not by the 
Record Office, but by the British Record 
Society (Index Library). 

Bernard P. Scattergood. 

Mannings and Tawell (9**^ S. xii. 148, 194, 
;29)_ — X can confidently confirm what Mr. 
?eacock says about Tawell and the way the 
3oor woman was poisoned. It was such as 
»vould not bear publication, and you evidently 
vnow the facts, so I need not repeat them. 
Although it occurred in 1845, I knew inti- 
mately one of the medical men concerned, 
ind from him I had all the facts. I remember 
tlso most distinctly that Tawell was the first 
iriminal who was arrested by means of the 
^elegraph. Gr. C. W. 

"Alias" in the Sixteenth and Seven- 
:EENTn Centuries (9"^ S. xii. 190).— I have 
ilways been puzzled to account satisfactorily 
;or these "alias." I find they not unfre- 
buently get changed ; thus Smith a//Vrs Jones 
jecomes Jones alias Smith ; then sometimes 
t returns to Smith alias Jones. Then, 
Lgain, one of the names is dropped after a 

lime. 

My idea is that these names have arisen 
rem various causes. lu the case of a woman 



marrying a second time, her husband may 
have taken her name in addition to his own, 
owing to her having more jiroperty or means 
than liimself. Another reason, and one more 
probable, perhaps, is in the case of the off- 
spring of illegal unions, where the child takes 
both his fathers ami his mother's names. 
Many instances are to be seen in almost 
every register, and I should be very glad to 
hear of other suggestions of the origin of 
these double names. E. A. 1 ry. 

On the old brass to the memory of " Jack 
of Newbury " in Newbury Church he is 
called "John Smalwood alias Winchcom." 
He died 15 February. 1519. It is probable 
that the family, while in Winchcombe 
parisli, vvas known as Smallwood, from the 
part of the parish in which they lived ; but 
when Jack moved to Newbury the name 
Smallwood would give no clue as to where he 
came from, so he identified his place of origin 
more clearly bj' taking the name of his native 
parish as an alias. Probably this was often 
done. Ernest B. Savage. 

(St. Thomas, Douglas. 

The alias comes sometimes from the trade 
or occupation of an ancestor. When a widow 
with young children was married again, it 
was not unusual for these children to be 
known by the name of both husbands. I 
have met with recent cases of this kind 



among country cottagers. 



W. C. B. 



A common use of this word was in con- 
nexion with descriptive names, nicknames, 
or trade names, when added to the proper or 
personal name. Thus : " John Jones alias 
Miller," "Robert Johnsona^wts Strongitharm." 
In Welsh records one meets vvitli such in- 
stances as " Richard ap Howel alias Risiart 
Hir " (Long Richard). In Cornwall, at the 
period named, the numerous " small gentry " 
were sometimes called indifferently by their 
surnames or after their estates, as " Thomas 
Williams alias Trethewy." 

John Hobson Matthews. 

Monmouth. 

Ben Jonson and Tennyson (9"^ S. xii. 186). 
— The question of the metre of 'In ]\Iemoriam' 
has frequently been the subject of discussion 
in ' N. & Q: ; see 8'^ S. iii. 288, 337, 430 ; iv. 57; 
X. 83 ; and 4"' S. xi. 37. From these refer- 
ences, and from Prof. Churton Collins's 
' Illustrations of Tennyson,' pp. 94 sqq., the 
following facts appear. The metre was used 
by early French poets. English examples of 
the employment of it in a composite stanza 
occur in William Whittingham's paraphrase 
of Psalm cxxvii. (in 1560, and possibly in 1558) 



278 



NOTES AND QUERIES. P'^ s. xii. oct. 3. im 



and William Kelte's version of Psalm cxxv. 
(in 1561). Puttenham includes it in his 
scheme of metres, 'Art of English Poesie,' ed. 
Arber, pp. 99 and 101 (1589). Ben Jon.son used 
it in his ' Catiline ' (in 1611), as well as in the 
elegy to which Mr. Thomas Bayne makes 
reference, which was posthumously published 
in 1641. The metre was also used by Francis 
Davison (probably before 1619), by George 
Sandys (1636), by Christopher Harvey (1640), 
by the author of a Luttrell Broadside 
(circa 1660), and by Lord Herbert of Cher- 
bury. In Thackeray's 'English Humourists' 
two stanzas in this metre are quoted from 
Prior, but they appear in another form in the 
Aldine edition. Tennyson used the metre in 
" You ask me why " and " Love thou thy 
land," which were written in 1833. Kossetti 
also employed it in ' My Sister's Sleep,' 
written in 1847. John B. Wainewright. 

"To dive" (9"^ S. xi. 230, 514; xii. 196).— 
In this connexion it may be of interest to 
point out that in Liverpool, between thirty 
and forty years ago, any restaurant situate 
in the basement of a building was known as 
a "dive." I need scarcely say that resort to 
a " dive " did not, at that time, involve meet- 
ing the company mentioned by Besant, nor 
using the fork as suggested by your last 
correspondent. Mistletoe. 

"NiTCHiEs" (9th s_ xii. 227).— This is the 
plural of an Odjibway word, nitchi, friend or 
comrade, and, like many other Indian words 
(such as metasses, leggings, niuskamoot, a bag, 
&c.), is used by both English and French 
speaking Canadians. In a secondary sense 
it implies a half-breed, and is not infrequent 
in literature. It is often written neche : for 
instance, in a story called * The Devil's Keg,' 
by Eidgwell Cullum, 1903, p. 152: "The 
slimmest neche that ever crossed the back of 
a choyeuse" i.e., pony. Jas. Platt, Juu. 

Mineralogist and Botanist to George III. 
(9"' S. xii. 89, 215).— In the parish church- 
yard of Penarth, (Glamorgan, is a sepulchral 
inscription to Archibald Sinclair, "one of 
the Harbingers of His Majesty George the Z'^ 
& a justly celebrated & scientific Botanist," 
who died in the year 1795. See ' Cardiff 
Records,' vol. iii. p. 583. 

John Hobson Matthews. 
Monmouth. 

Cardinals (9^'' S. xi. 490; xii. 19, 174).— 
Mr. Eandolph is not correct in styling 
Itichelieu a cardinal-bishop ; though a bishop 
when made cardinal, he belonged to the order 
of cardinal-priests. The cardinal-bishops are 



only six in number, take their episcopal |f( 
titles from Eoman suburban sees, and always 
reside in curia. Other bishops, when raised 
to the cardinalate, rank among the cardinal- 
priests. Such as are not bishops belong to 
the order of cardinal-deacons. Hence Man- 
ning, though in bishop's orders, was only a 
cardinal-priest, and Newman, who was only 
in priest's orders, was but a cardinal-deacon. 

W. T. H. 

English Grave at Ostend (9"' S. xii. 9, 
176, 235). — Mr. Pierpoint's communication 
makes it necessary for me to add to mine. 
There need be no uncertainty about the 
locality of Skelbrook. It is in the parish of 
South Kirkby, and is properly treated of by 
Joseph Hunter, ' South Yorkshire,' Deanery 
of Doncaster, 1831, ii. 458. Henry Perry n 
Brown was the owner of the property, and 
died in 1823 without issue. In pursuance 
of settlements it then passed to John Pate 
Nevile, of Badsworth, Esquire. He was 
grandson of Richard Lister, the original pur- 
chaser, and changed his name of Lister for 
that of Nevile. His family still hold the 
estate, or did so until recently. W. C. B. 

Desecration of Hemington Church (9^'' 
S. xii. 228).— W. B. H. will probably find the 
information he requires in a work by Mr. J. J 
Briggs. It is called ' The History and Anti- 
quities of Hemington, in the Parish of Lock- 
ington, in the County of Leicester' (with 
illustrations), London, 187.3, 4to. I have not 
seen the book, but there is a copy of it in the 
British Museum. S. J. Aldrich. 

New Southgate. 

This church has already been the subject 
of an inquirjf in 'N. & Q.,' to which replies 
were given. See 7''> S. x. 208, 356, 452. 
Reference should also be made to the Gentle- 
man's Magazine for 1825, the Journal of the 
Derbyshire Archfeological and Natural His- 
tory Society for 1890, and Nichols's 'History 
of Leicestershire.' 

Everard Home Coleman. 

71, Brecknock Road. 

Marco Polo's Portrait (9'^'' S. xii. 225). — 
If the object of this note is to collect particu- 
lars of alleged portraits of Marco Polo and 
their reproduction, I may perhaps say that 
I had the Badia portrait reproduced in the 
April, 1900, issue of Yoimr/ Days, by permis- 
sion of Mr. A. H. Hallam Murray, whose firm 
published Col. Yule's 'Marco Polo,' and copied 
the portrait from the gallery of Monsignore 
Badia at Rome. The original jjainting bears 
the words "MarcvsPolvs VenetvsTotivs Orbis 
et Indie Peregr'ator Prim vs," which, allowing 



9^" s. xii. Oct. 3, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



279 



or some shortcomings in the inscription, is 
robably intended to mean " Marco Polo, a 

Venetian who traversed the whole world, and 

vas the first to explore India." 

Ronald Dixon. 
46, Marlborougli Avenue, Hull. 



^isttllKVitans. 

NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. 

Phe Discourses of Epirtetus. Translated by George 

Long. 2 vols. (Bell «& Sons.) 
[t is pleasant to have in so convenient— we had 
ilniost said dainty — a shape Arrian's discourses of 
Epictetus, the one of the " Philosophers of the 
Porch " who, although he had obviously no knowledge 
Df Christian teaching, approached most nearly to its 
irinciples. Long's translation, confessedly founded 
upon that issued in 1807 by Mrs. Carter, was 
published by Messrs. Bell & Sons in 1877. It is 
wholly satisfactory for the purposes of the English 
reader, conveys admirably the cheerful and pious 
philosophy of this "Budge doctor of the Stoic fur," 
and is enriched with notes from Schweighaeuser, the 
ibest editor, Wolf, Upton, and the translator. It 
is, of course, for its ethical and philosophical utter- 
ances that the work is most noteworthy. In essays 
such as that in the third book on ' Finery in Dress ' 
it casts a light upon the Rome of Nero. It is a 
happy idea of Messrs. Bell to popularize the trans- 
lations of the classics, the appeal of which in their 
original shape was not wholly ajsthetic. We hope 
they will go further, and produce other Avorks 
belonging to their classic series which, if less edify- 
ing, are not less valuable, and, thanks to the 
menaced prosecution of a bogus society, have long 
been inaccessible. 

The Chatelaine of Vergi. Done into English by 

Alice Kemp-Welch. (Nutt.) 
Miss Alice Kemp- Welch has translated into easy 
and readable English the thirteenth-century French 
poem of ' La Chastelaine de Vergy,' one of the most 
touching and beautiful productions of the dark 
ages. To the general reader the story is best known 
as 'The Burgundian Tragedy,' told by Madame 
Oisille as the seventeenth novel of the ' Hepta- 
meron.' It is also found in the 'Recueil de Bar- 
bazan ' and many other places. A valuable and 
interesting introduction, historical and biblio- 
graphical, is given by L. Brandin, Ph.D., and the 
French poem is also supplied. Reproductions of 
designs illustrative of the story are taken from an 
ivory casket in the British Museum. It is a delight- 
fully sad and noble story, and we are not surprised to 
learn that Froissart places the Chatelaine de Vergi 
with Helen, Hero, Medea, and other heroines in 
the garden of King Love, and associates her story 
■with those of Tristan and Isoud and the Lady of 
Fayel and the Chatelain of Couci. 

The Descent of the Sun : a Cyde of Birth. Trans- 
lated by F. W. Bain. (Parker & Co. ) 
A Digit of the Moon : a Hindoo Love Storg. (Same 

translator and publishers.) 
Though different in size—' The Descent of the Sun ' 
being in what answers to 4to form and 'A Digit of 
the Moon' in what may almost be considered 
12mo — these books are alike in the beauty of 
their get-up as in the nature of their contents. 



Both are more or less in the nature of solar myths, 
and both ilhistrate that omnipresent theory in 
Hindoo literature of the everlasting incarnation 
and reincarnation of the immortal soul in body 
after body. In the case of ' A Digit of the Moon,' 
which is a second edition, the manner in which the 
MS. came into the hands of the translator is at once 
romantic and pathetic, and the story, which we have 
previously read, presumably in the first edition, is 
matchless in beauty and charm. It narrates the 
conquest of a peerless princess, who, in a style with 
which students of Oriental and some forms of 
mediasval literature are familiar, insists, as the price 
of her possession, upon being asked a riddle or a 
problem which she cannot solve. The two works 
have in common the passionate adoration of beau- 
tiful adolescence to which little in European lite- 
rature quite corresponds. ' The Descent of the 
Sun ' is richer in imagination. We know nothing 
more vague in terror and more hopeless in cruelty 
than the torments to which are subjected Umra- 
Singh and his beloved Shrl in the valley of the 
Rakshasas, and the magic of the blue eyes of the 
latter is beyond description. Sully Prudhomme 
might have felt something of this indefinable charm 
when he said : — 

II existe un bleu dont ie meurs 
Parce qu'il est dans les prunelles. 
We can but hope that Mr. Bain can and will draw 
from the Sanskrit many more stories or myths 
equally poetical and delightful. Gray is said to 
have depicted happiness as consisting in lying on 
a sofa and reading endless stories by Crebillon fi/s. 
Substituting Sanskrit for French, we might almost 
say that a gift equally desirable is in the bestowal 
of Mr. Bain. 

,V/?' David Wilkie. By Lord Ronald Sutherland 

Gower, F.S.A. (Bell & Sons.) 
In preparing for Bell's series of " Great Masters in 
Painting and Sculpture " a monograjjh on Sir David 
Wilkie, Lord Ronald Sutherland Gower has been 
exceptionally privileged, since he has had access to 
works of the great Scottish painter in collections 
not generally within reach. Thanks to such facili- 
ties, and to a natural vivacity of style, he has pro- 
duced a work which we are disposed to class as one 
of the best, as it is certainly one of the most read- 
able, of the series to which it belongs. Its numerous 
and excellent illustrations include several portraits 
and a cast of Wilkie himself, and a view of the 
manse (no longer existing) of Cults, in the county of 
Fife, in which he saw the light, together with other 
pictures of more or less personal and domestic 
interest. A photogravure of Princess Victoria, 
with the Duchess of Kent, the Duchess of Northum- 
berland, and others, forms a striking frontispiece, 
and there are some forty additional illustrations 
from the Royal Academy, the Tate Gallery, the 
Victoria and Albert Museum, Apsley House, the 
National Portrait Galleries of England and Scot- 
land, and from various private collections. In its 
class, the book is everything that can be desired. 

Biblia Gahalistica ; or, the Cabalistic Bible. By the 

Rev. Walter Bogley. (Nutt.) 
This work is from the same writer to whom we 
owe the discovery of the ' Nova Solyma.' We are 
glad to introduce it to the knowledge of those who 
are pleased with or able to grasp tlie mysteries of 
which it treats. An order of mind and a class 
of erudition which are uncommon are necessary 



280 



JNUiiLtt AWJJ l^U±.KiJi<«. 



[9"' S. XII. Oct. 3, 190.3. ! 



to fathom their significance. Men of learning have 
said, we are told, that the cabala of the Bible 
deserves more study than it has received. It has 
also, Mr. Begley says, " been dismissed almost 
universally as the vainest and most unproductive 
of literary follies."' A portion of Mr. Begley's 
belief is that the earliest Christianity was an 
initiation, and that the "acceptance of the woman 
— virgin, wife, and widow— on almost equal terms 
to the rites and ceremonies and religious privileges 
of the new religion had more to do with tlie rapid 
progress and final triumph of early Christianity 
than is generally supposed." Those who see in tlie 
Bible " cryptic statement of an esoteric character " 
will find their way to a work the significance of 
which soars to regions beyond our reach. 

The Silent Trade. By J. Hamilton Grierson. 

(Edinburgh, Green & Sons.) 
Under the title 'The Silent Trade' (''Stummer 
Handel") Mr. Grierson has supplied a short, but 
important contribution to our knowledge of primi- 
tive custom. In certain districts of the four 
quarters of the world it has been the custom at 
times for the merchant to deposit wares, and, 
coming back, find placed opposite them by 
unseen hands the money which is proffered for 
them. A practice of the kind is described by Hero- 
dotus, though the parties were not necessarily 
unseen of each other. Mr. Grierson advances the 
legend of Wayland Smith, as narrated in ' Ivenil- 
worth,' as furnishing the instance of this kind of 
traffic likely to be most familiar to Englishmen. 
We might point out, however, that in the case of 
the plague a somewhat similar state of affairs was 
presented at a much later period, the villagers 
placing in a given position, sometimes on a stone, 
eggs and other country produce, and coming 
after these were removed to take the money of 
those whom they might have seen, but with whom, 
for fear of contagion, they had no other communi- 
cation. In earlier times and in remote countries, 
however, the hands by which the goods were 
removed were unseen. Paulus Jovius says that 
the Lapps "flye the syght and companie of all 
nierchantes" with whom they traded. On this 
subject, which has not before been fully treated, 
Mr. Grierson writes an admirable book, dealing 
with many curious matters connected with forms 
of primitive social organization, acquisition of )n-o- 
perty, the position of women, the force of tribal 
customs, &c. Among the tribes south of the Yukon 
river a man, in liis desire to obtain a reputation for 
liberality, will beggar himself, giving away the 
accumulations of years without looking for a return. 
Certain tribes regard every stranger as an enemy, 
a thing not wholly unknown a couple of generations 
ago in remote portions of Britain. At a more dis- 
tant date superstitions prevailed in this country 
not unlike those which made the Yahgans kill 
shipwrecked crews. The book deserves to be 
closely studied, and is full of matters of interest to 
our readers. 

The Poems of Anne, Counfess of WinehUxea. By 

Myra Reynolds. (Chicago, University Press.) 
Amonc; the decennial publications of the Chicago 
University a i)lace of honour may be accorded the 
fine edition of the poems of the Countess of Win- 
chilsea given to the world by Miss Myra Reynolds. 
In herself the fair " Ardelia"— as Anne Kingsmill, 
by marriage Anne Finch, Countess of Winchilsea, 



was wont to call herself— is less interesting thai 
her surroundings. In more than one respect shi, 
resembles the great Duchess of Newcastle, especiall;,; 
in lier provision that none of her sublime ideaii 
should be lost, and in her readiness so talk abou 
herself ; but is neither so romantic a figure as he 
jiredecessor nor so good a poetess. Some of th' 
fairy poems of the duchess are worthy of bein; ' 
associated with those of Mennis, if not with thos< 
of Drayton or Herrick. ' The Spleen,' however, bj 
which Lady Winchilsea is best known, is dull anci 
uninspired, and she begets in the present da> 
little more than curiosity. Her observation o. 
natural phenomena seems to have commended het 
to Wordsworth. She describes herself as the victim 
to melancholy, and, though she tries a thousanc- 
arts to banisli her discontent, she seems, likt 
Wither, to have found her only consolation in 
poetry. Among the works re))rinted is a tragedy, 
' Aristomenes ; or, the Royal Shepherd,' never 
acted, and founded, say Baker, Reed, and Jones- 
on Lacedfemonian history. This, still after the 
example of the Duchess of Newcastle, she dedicates, 
in a rimed prologue, to her husband. Another play 
now first published, is ' The Triumphs of Love and 
Innocence.' This Miss Reynolds assumes to be tht 
jilay which she read to Pope after inviting him tc 
dinner, and sending him home, as he writes, " ir 
great disorder, with sickness at my head and 
stomach." An introduction to the book, extending 
over a hundred and thirty odd pages, supplies an 
admirable account of the life at Eastwell and of 
the relations of Lady Winchilsea with Pope and 
Gay. This constitutes the chief attraction of the 
book, and gives it a claim to serious recognition. 
To Mr. Gosse, who calls the author his "beloved, 
Anne Finch," is due the recovery of the poems now 
first printed. These, before coming into his hands, 
remained for one hundred and forty years in the^ 
possession of the Creyk or Creake family, a member I 
of which was vicar of Eastwell from 1742 to 1745. 



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D'H s. XII. Dec. 12, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



461 



LONDON, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 12, 190S. 



CONTENTS. — No. 311. 

NOTES :— Swiss Dialects. 461— Dibdiii Bibliography, 462— 
Shakespeare's Books, 463— Dr. Halley, 464— Etymology of 
"God" — "Letterette" — "Low" and "Lum," 465 — 
Modern Vandalism— George IV.'s Gold Dinner Service— 
"Semper eadem" — Rousseau's Grandfather — Earl of 
Stafford on his French Wife, 466— Dr. Dee's Magic Mirror 
— Shelley and Astronomy, 467. 

QUERIES :— Sir Thomas Lowther— Bleusinian Mysteries— 
"Toboggan," 467— Quotations— 'Richard II.': Froissart — 
Fragrant Mineral Oil- Gerard the Herbalist — Excom- 
munication of Louis XIV. — Pike Family, 468— Sir Thomas 
Fairbank — Horatio Darbv — Prophecy c. Charles II. — 
" Welsh rabbit" — Beadnell— Cobden Pamphlet — Jacobin : 
Jacobite, 469. 

REPLIES :— Neapolitan Marvels: Virgilius — Epitaph at 
Doncaster, 470 — "Turnover" — Animals in People's In- 
sides — Prances Jennings, 471 — Seventeenth- Century 
School Library — Hawthorn, 472— "Palo de cobra" — 
Translations — "Wake," a Village Feast, 473— Wymond- 
ham Guilds— "Ycleping " the Church— Pannell— English 
Accentuation — Origin of the Turnbulls, 475 — Sir H. 
Wotton : Mallorie— Prince of Wales's Theatre, Tottenham 
Street, 476 — Kingsley's ' Farewell ' — Queen Elizabeth 
and New Hall, Essex — Margaret Finch, the Gipsy Queen 
— Trinity Sunday Folk-lore, 477 — Latin Quip — Shake- 
speare and Lord Burleigh, 478. 

!fOTES ON BOOKS :— Ben Jonson's ' Alchemist ' — Ache- 
sons 'Shakespeare and the Rival Poet' — Cunningham's 
' Story of Nell Gwyn '— Harbottle's ' Dictionary of His- 
torical Allusions ' — ' Great Masters ' — Magazines and 
Reviews. 

^Totices to Correspondents. 



SWISS DIALECTS. 

It is well known that the dialects of the 
ateral valleys of the Valley of the Rhone 
Dresent features of great interest. The jMtois 

,;poken in the Val d'Anniviers and in the Val 
TEvolene resemble each other, but both differ 
much from spoken French that I doubt it a 
frenchman could understand a word of what 
, native is saying. The 2Jntois is nearer to 
he Latin than is French, alike in its sounds 
,nd in its words. Some words of German 

liave penetrated into the language, and 
rpparently a few from Romansch, but the 
rocabulary of the language would well repay 
\ careful investigation. The 2^"^tois contains 
ihe sound th as in thin, and also the French 
ound of u in some words, beside the Italian 
)ronunciation of the same vowel. The words, 
v\\\c\\ I gathered from the lips of guides, are 
atended to be pronounced like French, 
nitial r seems to be spoken deep down in the 
hroat. 



ete, tethra 

OS, deari or rancha 

lit, lasse 

Jreme, flo 

feau, vi 

eige, nek 



junieaux, les bechons 
souris, rata 
bois, bone 
abeille, mossetta 
mur, mo 
feu, foi 



rocher, derba 
vac lie, vatz 
be tail, bt'ciie 
clieval, ceva 
gilet, casetta 
bas, tzo (pi. tzons) 
ehapeau, zappe 
laitue, yiktura 
clioux, zon.s 
pain, pan 
beurre, bourre 
lietit sentier, vaie 



brouillard, zenevire 
pierre, ])ira 
escalier, es.selii 
cheveux, jieiss 
Toncle, I'avu 
I'eglise, I'elifge 
le vent, I'oura 
petit lac, ^'uUier 
oiseau, oje 
doigts, deik 
roc, I'cliaisse 
I'eau, lewe 



une maison, una niejon 


pouce, pouzo 


ble, le bl;i 


ongle, onglit's 


seigle, cheigla 


estomac, corail 


mulet, niuletta 


ventre, boelle 


taureau, bouclio 


genou,zenon (pi. zenoss) 


genisse, tora 


jambe, tzamba 


chat, zat 


pied, li pia 


chien, cing 


sourcils, cheyss 


I'enfant, lo petich 


cheveux, li pexu 


enfants, les nieinaux 


poulet, poUet 


glace, biegne 


viande, ze 


etoiles, les etheilles 


vilain, poutta 


le soleil, lo sole 


beaupt're, biau par 


lit, coukse 


belle mere, bella mara 


chaise, echabe 


gendre, biau tils 


tablier, fogda 


veuve, veva 


fusil, fiigi 


I'odorat, li fla 


avalanche, lavenza 


goiit, gouscho 


vallee, comba 


son (sound), ehon 


la mer, gli mi 


colere, maliss 


compassion, pigia 


le mari, I'honio 


courage, corazo 


I'epouse, lie fenna 


peur, peure 


le cerveau, li cherve 


cruaute, croia 


I'ojil, lie jiiesse 


garde, warder ' 


les joues, zouta(pl. zoute) 


nierveilles, biau 


le nez, li na 


immondices, biau 


les oreilles, ogreillu 


les parents, le parenze 


la bouche, botzu 


une tante, una ante 


les dents, denssa 


les tantes, les jantes 


les levres, li poss 


fils, bote 


la langue, lengua 


tille, la mata 


cou, cosson 


jeune fille, zouvena fille 


epaule, echebla 


.S(eur, swera 


bras, braisse 


frere, frare 


eou, coudo 


neveu, nevoc 


doigts, deks 


cousin, cujin 


poitrine, forschella 


The Xiimberfi. 


um 


onjeh 


dou 


doze 


tre 


treize 


quatre 


katore 


chinq 


kinge 


chich 


cheze 


chat 


dijeca 


ouet 


dijewe 


nou 


dijenu 


jeh 


vin 



A few verbs and phrases are appended : — 

enterrer, interra aller, deijo 

j'irais, oudrik 
je suis alle, io che alia 
j'ai ete, io che jouk 
je puis, io puu 
si je puisse, si io pusho 
che envoyer, cognar 
accueillir, resciug 
bouillir, boUicar 



manger, niinje 
boire, begre 
dormir, durmi 
marcher, marciar 
tomber, zera 
je suis tombe, io 

zejouk 
sauter, chotar 



462 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9*^ s. xii. dec. 12, im 



venir, veniique Celui qui rit vendredi 

je viendrai, io vigno pleurera diraanche, 

je suis venu, io che veniik Cheyt que rique deivi. 

je serais venu, io fiire ndro pliaureret dei- 

veniik niinze 

courir, courik II n'y a pas de pire eau 

dancer, danschiar que I'eau qui dort, i a 

aussi, topari pas de meindro que 

quelquefois, caqueviaso I'evoui quei droumi. 

quoi que ce soit, counii Je vous la donnerai, Io la 

que chec vo baillerique. 

It would be an advantage to Komance 
philology if scholars would take down as 
many words as possible from their guides, 
as the locaX patois are gradually dying out. 

H. A. Strong. 

University, Liverpool. 



A BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ACCOUNT OF THE 

WORKS OF CHARLES DIBDIN. 
(See 9«> S. viii. 39, 77, 197, 279 ; ix. 421 ; x. 122, 243; 
xi. 2, 243, 443 ; xii. 183, 283, 423. ) 
1804. The Harmonic Preceptor ; a didactic poem, 
in three parts. Written by Mr. Dibdin. From har- 
mony, from heavenly harmony. The Universal frame 
began. Uryden. London: Published by the Author, 
at his Warehouse. Leicester Place, Leicester Square; 
Mr. Preston in the Strand ; Clementi and Co. Cheap- 
side ; Messrs. Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, 
Paternoster Row: Messrs. Muir, Wood, and Co., 
Mr. Hill, Messrs. Manvers and Miller, and Messrs. 
Constable and Co. Edinburgh ; and all the eminent 
booksellers and music-sellers in the United King- 
dom. Printed by .James Ballantyne, Edinburgh. 
1804. [Price eighteen shillings.] 4to, pp. (J and 149. 

Preface dated I September, 1804. There are 
fourteen engraved plates (lacking from sope 
copies) illustrating the musical instruction 
which the poem was de.signed to convey. 
Some of the diagrams were afterwards used 
again in ' Music Epitomized,' 1808. 

1804. Questions in Mr. Dibdin's Lectures. 4to, 
52 pp., no title, n.d. 

The fii'st of Dibdin's lectures was delivered 
15 September, 1804. 

1804. The Frolic, a short Table Entertainment, 
written and composed by Charles Dibdin, first 
performed 10 November, 1804. 
The songs were published in folio, price Is., 
signed by Dibdin, on a sheet of 4 pp., title on 
front, back page blank, except where noted. 
Arrangement for two flutes on last engraved 
page. Headings of songs are similar to No. 4. 

*1. The Grasshopper. Afterwards No. 7 in ' Heads 
or Tails?' 1805. 

*2. A description of Antient Lyres in the manner 
of the Tombs in Westminster Abbey. 

Probably this was ' Antient Lyres,' after- 
wards sung in ' Heads or Tails ? ' No. 8. 

3. The Perpetual ^Motion. Afterwards No. 14 in 
'Heads or Tails?' 

4. Poor Charles, Written and Composed As a 
tribute of respect to the memory of Mr. Bannister, 
By Mr. Dibdin and Sung by him at his new Enter- 



tainment called The Frolic. Printed & Sold by the 
Author at his Music Warehouse, Leicester Place 
Leicester Square. 

*5. Murdock and Norah. 

*6. Peg of Pepr»er Alley. Afterwards No. 10 in 
' Heads or Tails ? ' 

7. Tom Transom. Afterwards No. 17 in 'Heads 
or Tails ? ' 

*8. The Family Concert. No.l9in 'Tom Wilkins,' 
1799, and afterwards No. 13 in * Heads or Tails?' 

The above formed the original programme of • 
songs, in the order as advertised for the 
opening night. There was added later 

9. Wuishla ma Cree. Afterwards No. 3 in 'Heads 
or Tails?' 

1804. A Trip to the Coast. A Table Entertain- 
ment, written and composed by Charles Dibdin, first 
performed (after ' The Frolic') 10 November, 1804. 

This entertainment was compressed from 
' Britons. Strike Home ' (1803), and contained 
songs Nos. 2, 4, 5,7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 6, 16, 17, and 
18 of that entertainment, with, as finale, 
*1. Britons, Strike Home. 

1804. The Election, a Table Entertainment, 
written and composed by Charles Dibdin, first 
performed 29 November, 1804. 

This entertainment was a compression of 
'Most Votes' (1802). I have not traced a 
list of the songs. 

1804. *Peter Nicked ; or, The Devil's Darling : a 
Mock Heroic Poem, in Three Cantos. By Castigator. 
4to, pp. 36. 

This, which I have not seen, is probably by 
Dibdin. 

1805. New Year's Gifts, a Table Entertainment, 
written and composed by Charles Dibdin, first per- 
formed 1 .January, 1805. 

The songs were published in folio, price Is., 
signed by Dibdin, on a sheet of 4 pp., title- 
on front, back page blank, except where- 
noted. Arrangement for two flutes on last 
engraved page. Headings of songs are- 
similar to No. 3 unless noted. 

*1. New Year's Gifts. j 

*2. Manners. ! 

3. The Wife, A New Song Written and Com- 
posed By Mr. Dibdin, and Sun^ by him in his new 
Entertainment called the New \ ear's Gifts. Printed 
and Sold by the Author at his Music Warehouse 
Leicester Place Leicester Square. 

*4. Discipline. 

*5. Your Good Kind of Man. 
6. The French Calendar. Published at Bland & 
Weller's, as in No. 13. 

*7. The Finished Traveller. See No. 22 in ' Heads 
or Tails? '1805. 

8. Red Coats. A Favorite New Song. Sung bj 
Mrs. Bland, at Vauxhall Gardens. Written & 
Composed by Mr. Dibdin. Price 1^. 6d. Printed 
for the Author, & Sold at Bland & Weller's, Music 
Warehouse, 23, Oxford Street. Front page blank. 
Water-mark date 1804. 

9. Vive la peste. 

*10. Mrs. O'Leary. See No. 20 in ' Heads or Tails ? 



9'^ S. XII. Dec. 12, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



463 



*11. The Nautical Anatomist. See No. 21 in 
'Heads or Tails?' 

"12. Tlie Parrot. 

i:l Tlie Puff Direct. A New Song Written and 
Composed by Mr. Dibdin, and sung by him in 
his Entertainment called The New Year's Gift. 
London Printed for the Author & Sold at Bland 
& \\'eller's, Music Warehouse 2;i, Oxford Street. 
Initialled, front page blank. \^'ater-mark date 1804. 

*14. The Sheep and the Wolves. 

*15. The Young Man's Guide. 
l(i. Mrs. Runnington's Wig. 
17. The Sailor's Will. 

*1S. The Masqueraders. 

*19. A Happy New Year. 

The above formed the oi'iginal programme of 
songs, in the order as advertised for the 
opening night. There was also published 

Songs in New Year's Gifts, A New Entertainment 
of Sans Souci, Written, Composed, Spoken, Sung, 
and accompanied By Mr. Dibdin. Price Is-. 6(/. 
Printed for the Author And sold at his Music Ware- 
house, Leicester Place, Leicester Square, where may 
be had his Professional Life, the Harmonic Pre- 
ceptor and every other article in his catalogue. 
8vo, pp. ii, 64. 

1S05. Heads or Tails? (sometimes printed Heads 
and Tails ) a Table Entertainment, written and com- 
posed by Charles Dibdin. Probably first performed 
11 February, 1805. 

The songs were published in folio, price Is., 
usuallj'^ initialled by Dibdin, on a sheet of 
4 pp., title on front, back page blank, except 
where noted. Arrangement for two flutes 
on last engraved page. Headings of songs 
are similar to No. 4 unless noted. 

*1. The World as it Goes. 
*2. Eyes. 

*3. Wuishla ma cree. Previously in ' The Frolic,' 
1804. 

4. Nancy and Home, A New Song Written and 
Composed by Mr. Dibdin. And sung by him in his 
Entertainment called Heads or Tails. Enf' at Stat. 
Hall. London. Printed for the Author, & Sold 
at Bland & Weller's Music Warehouse 23, O.xford 
Street. Front page blank. 

5. The Pullet. Front page blank. Afterwards 
sung in ' The Melange.' 1808. 

6. The Old Cloathsman. No. 7 in ' Tom Wilkins,' 
1799. 

*7. The Grasshopper. No. 1 in ' The Frolic' 
*8. Antient Lyres. See No. 2 in 'The Frolic' 
Hogarth gives ' (4recian Lyres ' as the title. 
*[). The Look Out. 

* 10. Peg of Pepper Alley. No. 6 in ' The Frolic' 
! "^ll. Love. 

12. His Worship. Front page blank- 

13. The Family Concert. Price 2s-. 6d. 11 pp. 
engraved, p. 12 blank. No. 19 in 'Tom Wilkins' 
and No. 8 in ' The Frolic' 

*14. The Perpetual Motion. No. 3 in ' The Frolic' 

*15. The Cat. 

""IG. The Charms of Nature. 

*17. Tom Transom. No. 7 in ' The Frolic' 

IS. A Song of Songs. Price 2-j. 6d. II pp. en- 
graved, jj. 12 blank. This contains (1) Clovy, (2) I 
i Thank You, (3) Gentle God of Love, (4) High 
I Down Diddle, and (5) a Glee, 'Which is the 



Noblest Passion of the Mind ? ' which appears to 
have been substituted for ' Heads or Tails ? ' the 
glee advertised for the second night and given in the 
book of words. See No. 14 ' The General Election,' 
1796. 

The above formed the original programme of 
songs, in the order as advertised for the second 
night, 14 February, 1805. There was also 
published 

Songs, Sec, in Heads or Tails. A New Entertain- 
ment of Sans Souci ; ^Vritten, Composed, Spoken, 
Sung, and Accompanied By Mr. Dibdin. Price 
Is. 6d. Printed for the Author And sold at his 
Music Warehouse Leicester Place Leicester Sq. 
Where may be had his Professional Life, the 
Harmonic Prece];itor, & every other article in his 
catalogue. 8vo, pp. ii, 64. 

This also gives the vvords of 
*19. All the World's a Song. 

The following also were published as 
'Heads or Tails?'— 

20. Mrs. O'Leary (I have seen only a reprint, 
4 engraved pp., by G. Walker, from the original 
iilates). This song was No. 10 in ' New Year's 
Gifts.' 

21. Nautical Anatomist. No. 11 in 'New Year's 
Gifts.' 

22. The Finished Traveller. No. 7 in 'New 
Year's Gifts.' 

Hogarth assigns 'The Jew Pedlar' to this 
entertainment. See 'Valentine's Day,' No. 3 
(1797), and ' King and Queen,' No. 8 (1798). 

1805. *A Touch at the Iron Crown. Song written 
expressly for the German Theatre & Sung by 
Master Fred Schirmer. Published, price Is-, by 
Bland & Weller. 

Probably produced soon after 22 July, 1805, 
when the action off Ferrol, to vvhich it refers, 
took place. The advertisement which men- 
tions it also refers to another song, 

*'Gainst Toping and Topers, Price Is. Qd. 
Hogarth states it was sung at Vauxhall. 

1805 (Museum date). *The Delight of the Muses, 

being a Collection of Dibdin's favourite Songs, 

&c. London, n.d. 12mo. 

E. RiMBAULT Dibdin. 

Morningside, Sudworth Road, New Brighton. 



SHAKESPEARE'S BOOKS. 
(See 9"' S. viii. 321; xi. 64, 203.) 

FlueUen. What call you the town's name where 
Alexander the Pig was born ? 

Goiv. Alexander the (ireat. 

Flu. Why, I pray you, is not pig, great? The 
pig, or the great, or the mighty, or the huge, or 
the magnanimous, are all one reckonings, save the 
phrase is a little variations. 

Gow. I think Alexander the Great was born in 
Macedon : his father was called Philip of Macedon, 
as I take it. 

Flu. I think it is in Macedon, where Alexander 
is porn. I tell you, captain, if you look in the maps 
of the 'orld, 1 warrant, you shall find, in the 



464 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9"» s. xii. dec. 12, im 



comparisonn between Macedon and Monmouth, that 
the situations, look you, is both alike, ihere is a 
river in Macedon ; and there is also moreover a 
river at Monmouth : it is called Wye at Monmouth ; 
but it is out of my prains what IS thenameot the 
other river ; but 'tis all one, 'tis alike as my hngers 
is to my fingers, and there is salmons in both. It 
you mark Alexander's life well, Harry of Mon- 
mouth's life is come after it indifferent well ; tor 
there is figures in all things. Alexander (God 
knows, and you know), in his rages, and his furies, 
and his wraths, and his cholers, and his moods, and 
his displeasures, and his indignations, and also 
being a little intoxicates in his prains, did, m his 
ales and his angers, look you, kill his pest friend, 

Clytus. . . , , 

Gov: Our king is not like him in that : he never 
killed any of his friends. , ^ , 

Flu. It is not well done, mark you now, to take 
the tales out of my mouth, ere it is made and 
finished. I speak but in t\\Q figure'i and romparisons 
of it : as Alexander killed his friend Clytus, being 
in his ales and his cups : so also Harry Monmouth, 
being in his right wits and his good judgments, 
turned away the fat knight with the great pelly- 
doublet: he was full of jests, and gipes, and 
knaveries, and mocks ; I have forgot his name. 
Gow. Sir John Falstaff'.— ' Henry V.,' IV. vii. 

In this passage Shakespeare refers to two 
figures described by Puttenham : to Sinonimia, 
or the figure of store, and to Paradigma, or 
resemblance by example. Thus Fluellen, 
referring to Alexander, says, "The pig, or 
the great, or the mighty, or the huge, or the 
magnanimous, are all 07ie reckonings," and 
speaks of " his rages, and his furies, and his 
wraths, and his cholers, and his moods, and 
his displeasures, and his indignations "; and 
Puttenham, in describing this figure of store, 
says : — 

"Whensoever we multiply our speech by many 
words or clauses of one sence, the (4reekes call it 
Sinonimia ; the Latines having no fitte term to give 
him called it by the name of eveiit, for (said they) 
many words of one nature and sence, one of them 
doth expound another." 

Fluellen, having multiplied his speech by 
many words of one sense, says the words 
are all of one reckonings ; and Puttenham, 
in the examples he gives of this figure, 
says the words are " all but one, and of 07ie 
effect." 

King. Then for the place where ; where, I mean, 
I did encounter that obscene and most preposterous 
■event, that draweth from my snow-white pen the 
ebon-coloured ink, which here thou viewest, 
beholdest, surveyest, or seest.— 'Love's Labour's 
Lost,' I. i. 

The letter read by the king speaks of "that 
obscene and most preposterous event," and 
multiplies speech by using many words of 
one sense, " viewest, beholdest, surveyest, or 
seest"; and Puttenham, speaking of the figure 
of store, says the "Latines, having no fitte 
term to give him, called it by the name of | 



event." Shakespeare frequentlj' makes use of 
this figure. 

Paradigma, or resemblance by example, is 
thus described by Puttenham : — 

"If in matter of counsell or perswasion we will 
seeme to liken one case to another, such as passe 
ordinarily in men's affaires, and doe compare the 
past with the present, gathering prolmbilitie of like 
successe to come in the things wee have presently 
in hand : or if ye will draw the judgements prece- 
dent and authorized by antiquitie as veritable, and 
peradventure fayned and imagined for some pur- 
pose, into similitude or dissimilitude with our 
present actions and aff"aires, it is called resemblance 
by example : as if one should say thus, Alexander 
the (4reat in his expedition to Asia did thus, so 
did Hanniball coming into 8paine, so did Cresar in 
Egypt, therefore all great Captains and (xcnerals 
ought to doe it." 

Fluellen likens one case to another, and 
compares the past with the present, and 
makes a resemblance by example. He makes 
a comparison between jMacedon and Mon- 
mouth, between the Wye and " the other 
river," and between Alexander's life and 
Harrj'^ of Monmouth's life. Puttenham com- 
pares what Alexander did in his expedition 
to Asia with what Hannibal did coming into 
Spain and Cfesar in Egypt, and Shakespeare 
compares what Alexander did to Clitus with 
what Harry of Monmouth did to Falstaff; 
and in making these comparisons Shakespeare 
and Puttenham both mention Alexander the 
Great. W. L. PiUSHton. 

{To he continued.) 



Dr. Edmond Halley. (See 9*'^ S. x. 361 ; 
xi. 85, 205, 366, 463, 496 ; xii. 125, 185, 266.)— 

" Posterity has retained a grateful recollection of 
those jtrinces who at different periods of history 
have distinguished their reign by a munificent 
patronage of learning and science ; but, among all 
those who have thus contributed indirectly to 
the progress of knowledge, there is none who 
exhibits such a bright example of disinterestedness 
and self-sacrificing zeal as the illustrious superin- 
tendent of the first edition of the 'Principia.' " — 
Grant's ' Hist, of Phys. Astronomy,' 31 (London, 
1852). 

One can only regret the abandonment of 
the project which was discussed, in 1887, 
between the Clarendon Press, Oxford, and an 
able author, looking to the publication of an 
adequate biography of Dr. Halley (cp. letter 
from the Clarendon Press, 25 July, 1887, 
prefixed to the Rev. S. J. Eigaud's 'Defence 
of Halley ' in the Bodleian Library). The 
compilation of a work of that character is a 
task which falls naturally to a resident in 
England, who, by virtue of such residence, 
has access directly to inedited material. It 
is not improbable (speaking with reason) 



9"^ S. XII. Dec. 12, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



465 



that an American publisher would undertake 
to issue a life of Halley. 

Let us seek a consensus of opinion regard- 
ing his place among the world's geniuses. 
Lalande may have been the only writer 
to term Halley " the greatest of" English 
astronomers/' but the belief has been quite 
generally expressed that, " in the history of 
astronomy, the name of Halley will stand 
not far from that of Newton " (Sir D. 
Brewster in 'Imperial Diet, of Univ. Biog.,' 
ii. 788). 

" One of the greatest astronomers of an age which 
produced many If we put together the astro- 
nomical and geographical discoveries of Halley, and 
remember that the former were principally confined 
to those points which bear upon the subjects of the 
latter, we shall be able to tind a title for their 
author less liable to cavil than that of the Prince 
of Astronomers, which has sometimes been 
bestowed upon him : we may safely say that no 
man, either before or since, has done more to 
improve the theoretical part of navigation, by the 
diligent observation alike of heavenly and earthly 
phenomena.'— Knights 'Gallery of Portraits and 
Memoirs,' ii. 162, 167 (London, 1833). 

"He was second only, and a good second, to 
Newton in gravitational astronomy."— O/'^errot^or;/, 
xxii. 351. 

"It is a fact hardly yet appreciated, either in 
England or America, tliat Dr. Edmund Halley is 
second only to Isaac Xewton, whose friend and 

contemijorai-y he was and that it is to tiiis close 

contemporaneity alone that the bright light of 
Halley's star has suffered diminution of lustre from 
the brilliant rays of his world-renowned neigh- 
bouring luminary."— ^cw;«?-e, xxi. 303 (London, 
1880). 

"No biographer has yet appeared to write the 
life of this great man, nor does any public monu- 
ment yet adequately represent the national 
estimation which is so richly deserved by the 
second most illustrious of Anglo-Saxon philo- 
sophers." — Ibid. 

" There can be little doubt that the fame as an 
astronomer which Halley ultimately acquired, 
great as it certainly was, would have been even 
greater still had it not been somewhat impaired by 
the misfortune that he had to shine in the same 
sky as that which was illumined by the unparalleled 
genius of Newton."— 'Great Astronomers,' .Sir 
R. S. Ball, 162 (London, 189.5). 

Lord Macaulay remarks that in the history 
of purely physical science " the transcendent 
lustre of one immortal name casts into 
the shade all others." I have ventured else- 
where to express the hope that the light of 
a later appreciation will so permeate that 
shadow as to bring into strong relief those 
who deserve to share in greater measure 
than at present the fame of their distin- 
guished contemporary. 

The extensive and very serviceable biblio- 
graphy of Dr. Halley compiled and newly 
arranged by Mr. Alexander J. Rudolph, 



assistant librarian of the Newberry Librarj', 
Chicago, after a systematic method of his 
own (see 9"' S. x. 3G2), includes mention of 
works enumerated in the following : {a) 
Catalogue of Printed Books, British Museum ; 
{b) Ditto, Supplement ; (c) ' Bibliotheca 
Britannica,' Robert Watt, i. col. 4.j9 (Edin- 
burgh, 1824). 

The examination of the Rigaud papers in 
the Bodleian Library and of the indices 
(1726-70) at the Middlesex Land Registrj^, 
to which reference has been made, was 
conducted by Mr. Ralph J. Beevor, M.A., of 
whose generous co-operation in my quest I 
desire to make acknowledgment. 

Eugene F. McPike. 

Chicago, Illinois. 

" God " : its Etymology.— Eng. god (I.E. 
*ghut6/ii) = Gk. chi/ton, the polished or smooth 
stone {.restos lithos, Hesychius). The Nor- 
wegian form is gud. Prof. Tylor, 'Primitive 
Culture,' vol. ii. p. 167 (3rd ed., Lond., 1891), 
says : — 

" In certain mountain districts of Norway, up to 
the end of the last century, the peasants used to 
preserve round stones, washed them every Thurs- 
day evening (which seems to show some connexion 
with Thor), smeared them with butter before the 
fire, laid them in the seat of honour on fresh straw, 
and at certain times of the year steeped them in 
ale, that they migiit bring luck and comfort to the 
house." 

E. Sibree. 

[The etymology of the word god is discussed at 
considerable length in the ' N.E.D.' Has our con- 
tributor consulted this great storehouse?] 

"Letterette." — This word is not ia 
' H.E.D.,' though letteret appears. Letterette 
is defined by its makers as a combination of 
notepaper and envelope, and is, in fact, a slip 
of writing-paper cut in such a shape as easily 
to be folded and fastened ready for dispatch. 

A. F. R. 

"Low" AND "LuM."— I have just been 
reading the very interesting explanations 
and illustrative quotations concerning the 
words "low" and " lum " in the 'Oxford 
English Dictionary,' and the perusal has 
reminded me that when I was a boy in Edin- 
burgh in the forties it was common, on 
observing a chimnej' to be on fire, to exclaim, 
"A lummie a low !" The Scottish habit of 
adding ie to a word is well known, but I 
should add that " a low " was pronounced 
much as the English word "allow." The 
perusal has reminded me, too, of an anecdote 
which Dean Stanley told in 1878. To a 
Free Kirk minister finding fault with the 
Established Church, an Established Church 



466 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9'" s. xii. dkc. 12, 1903. 



minister replied, "When your lum has reeked 
as long as ours, ye '11 hae as much soot.'' 

W. S. 

Modern Vandalism. (See ante, p. 341.)— 
The concluding sentence of Me. S. O. Addy's 
interesting note on Tideswell and Tideslow 
reads so like a grim joke that one may be 
pardoned for suggesting that it may be well 
if all destroyers of remains of antiquity "find 
an interment " in a personal sense not in- 
tended by the writer ! 

Surely it is time that a strong protest 
should be raised against the destruction of 
relics of the remote past. Posteritj', more 
enlightened, will marvel at the worse than 
carelessness of an age which, boasting 
archaeological societies throughout the land, 
permitted the destruction of tumuli of earth 
or stone for agricultural purposes, or for 
" road-mending," as in the quoted Derbyshire 
instance. 

Notwithstanding the increase of interest 
in prehistoric fortresses, burial tumuli, and 
boundary banks, there was never a time of 
more need for keen watch, for the rampant 
worship of £ s. d. imperils the continued 
existence of manj'^ priceless evidences of our 
country's past. 

We who are associated on the Committee 
for recording Ancient Defensive Works have 
some hope that our efforts may, directly or 
indirectly, lead to the preservation of more 
of these remains, but it is by the increase of 
public interest in them that owners and 
occupiers may learn that they have something 
of national value in their care. 

Beyond the Committee's scope are those 
other relics such as Mr. Addy mentions ; for 
these, as for defensive works, probably the 
best first step towards their preservation will 
be the furnishing to each County Council of 
a complete list of the examples within its 
bounds. 

Though the Councils possess no statutory 
authority to prevent owners from doing 
aught, the moral suasion they can use would 
tend to hinder destruction, which is often the 
result of ignorance of the interest attaching 
to the threatened object. 

I. Chalkley Gould. 

George IV. 's Gold Dinner Service at 
Windsor.— :ZVm<A for December 3rd states in 
reference to this that 

"it is not generally known that the collection of 
Crown plate once included a very much more 
magnificent and valuable gold dinner service, which 
was made for Henry VIII. This service was taken 
to Holland by William III., to be used at some 
great ceremonial dinner at The Hague. It was 
never brought back to England, and is now included 



in the Dutch Crown plate. Charles II. caused each ' 
piece of the service to be engraved with his Majesty's 
arms as King of England, Scotland, France, and 
Ireland About half a century ago the late King 
of the Netherlands ordered these arms to be erased, 
and they were replaced by the Dutch royal arms, 
the value of the service being, of course, consider- 
ably reduced by this barbarous proceeding." 

N. S. S. 

"Semper eadem."— The date of this old 
royal motto, a favourite with Queens Eliza- 
beth and Anne, has been traced in ' X, A: Q.,' 
I***- S. viii. ix. It seems to be held that it was 
discontinued on the accession of George I. 
Nevertheless I have found it on the embossed 
stamp on the law parchment of a deed dated 
1721. W. C. B. 

EoussEAu's Grandfather. — Mr. Morley, 
in chap. ii. of his ' Rousseau,' gives the pedi- 
gree of Jean Jacques as follows : — 
Didier Rousseau 

I 
Jean 

David 

I 
Isaac 

I 
Jean Jacques. 

He quotes as his authority the well-known 
life by Musset Pathay. Mr. Morley states :— 

"His [Rousseau's] ancestors had removed from 
Paris to the famous city of refuge as far back as 

1529 .Three generations separated Jean Jacques 

from Didier Rousseau, the son of a Paris bookseller, 
and the first emigrant." 

From this we are entitled to infer that Didier 
Ptousseau vvas born not much later than 1500, 
and very possibly earlier. Now his grandson 
David, the grandfather of Jean Jacques, 
according to a note at p. 36 of ' Madame de 
Warens et J. J. Rousseau,' by M. F. Mugnier 
(Paris, Calmann-Levy, 1891), died in 1738, at 
the extreme age of ninety-six. Thus we seem 
to have the extraordinary fact that a man 
born about 1500 (and perhaps earlier) had a 
grandson who died nearl}' 240 years later. 

J. R. F. G. 

Henry, Earl of Stafford, on his 
French Wife. — A legal acquaintance has 
called my attention to a copy of Lord 
Stafford's will, dated 2 Feb., 1699, " extracted 
from the Prerogative Court of Canterbury," 
and the earl's bequest to his wife is curious 
enough to deserve publication, unless it is 
well known : — 

"I Give to the worst of women, except being a 
whore, who is guilty of all ills, the daughter of 
Mr. Grammont, a Frenchman, who I have unfor- 
tunately married, five and forty bras halie-pence — 
which will by her _ ^'illet to her supper— a greater 



9<'> S. XII. Dec. 12, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



467 



Sum then her Father can often make, for I have 
knowne when he had neighther money nor credit 
for such a purchase, being the worst of men, and his 
wife the worst of women, in all debaucheries : had 
I known their caracter, I had never married theire 
Daughter, nor made myself unhappy. H. Earle of 
8tafiord." 

I see from Cokayne's 'Peerage' that Col. 
Chester notices the above in ' Westminster 
Abbey Eegisters,' p. 295, note 3, and that Lord 
Hervey, 'Memoirs,' ii. 116, calls Lady Stafford 

"an old French Lady, who had as much wit, 
humour, and entertainment ia her as any man or 
woman I ever knew, with a great justness in her 
way of thinking, and very little reserve in her 
manner of giving her opinions of things and people." 

F. J. FURNIVALL. 

Dr. Dee's Magic Mirror. (See ante, 
p. 362.) — Mr. a. R. Bayley's reference to the 
above in his note on ' Robert Greene and 
Roger Bacon ' prompts me to mention that 
it was included in the Tudor Exhibition in 
1890. There w^ere indeed two such relics on 
view. One was a pear-shaped polished black 
stone, which would, I presume, be the "disc 
of highly polished cannel coal." It is cata- 
logued as " Dr. Dee's Show-Stone or Specu- 
lum, into which he used to call his spirits, 
asserting that it was given to him by an 
angel. Butler says : — 

Kelly did his feats upon 

The Devil's looking-glass — a stone."' 

The other was a crj^stal globe, described in 
the catalogue as " Dr. Dee's Divining 
Crystal." The latter was lent by G. Milner- 
Gibson-Cullum, Esq. ; but no owner's name 
was appended to the first-mentioned exhibit. 
The black stone can hardly be described as a 
mirror, but one may well imagine the Virgin 
Queen gazing with interest into the crystal 
globe. Both these relics were presumably 
used by the astrologer when practising his 
divinations. Were they used separately or 
in conjunction 1 John T. Page. 

West Haddon, Northamptonshire. 

Shelley and Astronomy. — Miss Gierke, in 
her 'History of Astronomy' (p. 284), calls 
attention to a passage in Slielley's ' Witch of 
Atlas ' (pointed out to her by Dr. Garuett) 
which almost looks like an unconscious 
indication of a star or planet revolving 
between the earth and Mars. In Shelley's 
time only four members of the large family of 
small planets were known, but all those, and 
nearly all that great multitude which have 
been discovered since, revolve beyond the 
orbit of Mars, a very few occasionally passing 
within it. But in 1898 one (since named Eros) 
was detected, the mean distance of which from 
the sun is less than that of Mars, so that 



until its discovery it may be said to have been 
hidden (in the words of the poet) "between 
the earth and Mars." Lest, however, this 
should lead to any undue idea of astronomical 
knowledge on the part of Shelley, I should 
like to call attention to a passage in the 
'Revolt of Islam ' (canto i. stanzas 40, 41), 
which runs thus : — 

For, when I rose from sleep, the Morning Star 
Shone through the woodbine wreaths which round 

my casement were. 
"Twas like an eye which seemed to smile on me. 
I watched till, by the sun made pale, it sank 
Under the billows of the heaving sea. 

It does not require much knowledge of 
astronomy to be aware that when a planet is 
a Morning Star it must be in the east, and 
rising, not setting or sinking, in the heavens. 

W. T. Lynn. 

Blackheath. 



We must request correspondents desiring infor- 
mation on family matters of only private interest 
to affix their names and addresses to their queries, 
in order that the answers may be addressed to them 
direct. 

Sir Thomas Lowther.— I should be glad 
to know anything of Sir Thomas Lowther, 
Knt., from whose collection Eleazar Albin, in 
his ornithological work, figured several birds 
in or about the year 1737. 

Alfred Newton. 

Magdalene College, Cambridge. 

The Eleusinian Mysteries. — In the article 
on the Greek 'Mysteries' in the 'Encyclopaedia 
Britannica' reference is made to a series of 
papers on this subject in the Xineteenth Cen- 
turji, 1881. I have carefully gone through 
the tables of contents of the Kineteenth 
Centurn from the commencement in 1877 to 
1884, the date of the volume of the ' Encyclo- 
paedia ' in which the article appeared, and can 
find no trace of such a series of papers. I 
wonder if any of your readers can help me 
by suggesting the name of the periodical in 
which the papers actually appeared. 

Comestor Oxoniensis. 

"Toboggan." — What is the date of the 
first appearance in English of this now 
familiar word 1 I believe the following to be 
the first reference to it in any French book 
on Canada ; in English it would, I fancy, 
hardly appear till much later. I quote from 
Father C. Le Clercq, 'Nouvelle Relation de 
la Gaspesie,' 1691, p. 70 :— 

"II appartient au chef de la famille, privative- 
ment a tout autre, d'ordonner decabanner oil il luy 
plait il en <">te tout le mechant bois, coupe les 



468 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9"^ s. xii. dec. 12, im 



branches qui pourroient I'incommoder, applaint et 
fraie une route pour faciliter aux femmes le moien 
de trainer sur la neige, et sur leurs tahagannes, le 
peu de nieubles et de bagages qui composent leurs 
menages.'" 

Jas. Platt, Jun. 

Quotations. — Thefollowingquotationsand 
verse occur on the outside of a MS. written 
circa 1590. I shall be grateful for information 
as to their origin or occurrence elsewhere. 

Laden with grief and oppression of the heart. 

Asniund and Cornelia. 

Multis annis jam transactis 
Nulla tides est in jiactis, 
Mel in ore, verba lactis, 
Fel in corde, frans in factis. 

FkA. J. BuPvGOYNE. 

Tate Library, Brixton. 

' EiCHAED II. ' : Froissart. — In the pictur- 
esque and fine performance of ' Kichard II.' 
at His Majesty's Theatre there is an incident 
which struck me as unnatural. The king's 
favourite hound, which has been his faithful 
companion through varying fortunes, is made 
to desert his master at the time of his deepest 
adversity. The incident in question is said 
to be taken from the 'Chronicles ' of Froissart. 
I shall be grateful to any one who will give 
the exact quotation. 

Richard Edgcumbe. 

33, Tedworth Square, Chelsea. 

["According to the information which I received, 
king Richard had a greyhound called Mathe, who 
was in the constant practice of attending the king, 
and he would not follow any other person ; for 
whenever the king did ride, the person who had the 
charge of keeping the said greyhound would always 
let him loose, and he would run directly to the 
king, and leap with his forefeet upon his majesty's 
shoulders. And as the king and the earl of Derby 
were engaged in conversing with each other in the 
court, the greyhound, which was usually accus- 
tomed to leap upon the king, left his majesty, and 
went to the earl of Derby, duke of Lancaster, and 
behaved towards liim with the same familiarity 
and attachment as he was usually in the habit of 
shewing towards the king. The duke, who did not 
know the greyhound, demanded of the king what 
the animal might mean by so doing? Cousin, quoth 
the king, that is a sign portending great prosperity 
to you, and a token of adversity to me. Sir, how 
do you know that ? quoth the duke. I know it for 
a certainty, replied the king. The greyhound 
niaketh you cheer this day as king of P^ngland, to 
which dignity you will be raised ; and I shall be 
deposed. The greyhound possesses this knowledge 
naturally; therefore take him to you ; he will follow 
you and forsake me. The duke of Lancaster fully 
understood those words, and cherished the animal, 
which would never afterwards follow king Richard, 
but followed the duke of Lancaster.'' This extract 
is from the translation of Froissart by Lord Berners, 
1816, vol. iv. p. 574. It occurs in the ' Chronicles,' 
bk. IV. cap. 94. In the French edition of 1505 of 
Michel le Noir, vol. iv., sig. NNNii, the name of 



the levrier is given as Math. For the rest the 
translation quoted is sufficiently literal.] 

Fragrant Mineral Oil. — In 'Remarks on 
Several Parts of Italy, &c., in the Years 1701, 
1702, 1703,' by Joseph Addison, Esq. (London, 
J. & R. Tonson, 1767), p. 146, is the following, 
passage : — 

" In those parts of the sea, that are not far from 
the roots of this mountain [Vesuvius], they find 
sometimes a very fragrant oil, which is sold dear, 
and makes a rich perfume. The surface of the sea 
is, for a little space, covered with its bubbles, 
during the time that it rises, which they skim off 
into their boats, and afterwards set a separating in 
pots and jars. They say its sources never run but 
in calm warm weather. The agitations of thewaten 
perhaps hinder them from discovering it at other 
times." 

What is the oil referred to 1 J. T. F. 

Winterton, Doncaster. 

Gerard the Herbalist. — He died in Feb- 
ruary, 1611/12, but, according to Winstanley's 
' Loyall Martyrology,' 1665, p. 67, must have 
come to life again and been killed at the 
storming of Basing House on 14 October, 1645 ; 

" Master (Terard, the Authour of that Elaboratt- 
Herbal which bears his Name, to whom succeed- 
ing Ages must confess themselves indebted ; this 
gallant (4entleman, Renowned for Arts and Amies, 
was likewise at the storming of that House [Basing] 
unfortunately slain ; a great losse to succeeding 
Ages." 

The much - enlarged edition of Gerard's 
' Herbal,' by Thos. Johnson in 1636, probably 
misled Winstanley ; but who was this slain 
Gerard? F, J. Furnivall. 

Excommunication of Louis XIV. — John 
Evelyn in his ' Diary,' 7 June, 1689, says 
" The Archbishop of Canterbury read to met 
the Pope's excommunication of the French 
King."' For what was Louis XIV. excom- 



municated, and for how long 1 



Hadji. 



Pike Family. — According to traditions 
more or less circumstantially communicated 
to me, there resided in Edinburgh, during^ 
the early part or middle of the eighteenth 
century, one Pike, who is described as an; 
educated Scotchman, and as a linen raerchant.1 
He is .said to have married a Miss Stuart or! 
Stewart (alleged to have been closely related; 
to the house of that name), by which union,i 
according to the same source of information,! 
there was one son. Whether this said son wasj 
identical with James McPike (borh circa 1751),! 
as the traditions appear to imply, or was the. 
latter's father, as seems more probable, I' 
cannot determine (see New York Geneal. and\ 
Biog. Record for January last, xxxiv. 55, and| 
' N. & Q.,' 9"^ S. xi. 20.5). Can reference b©i 



9"> s. xn. dkc. 12, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



469 



given to record of marriage Pike-Stuart, in 
Edinburgh, between 1725 and 1751 1 

E. F. McPiKE. 
Chicago, Illinois. 

_8iR Thomas Faiebank.— I want to ascer- 
tain the place and exact date of death of 
Sir Thomas Fairbank, who was, I believe, 
the engineer who constructed some of the 
earliest docks in Hull. This would be, I 
suppose, in the early part of the nineteenth 
century. Bernard P. Scattergood. 

Moorside, Far Headingley, Leeds, 

Horatio D'Esterre Darby, a brother of 
John Nelson Darby, who appears in the 
'Diet. Nat. Biog.' (vol. xiv. 43), was admitted 
to Westminster School 9 January, 1809. I 
should be glad to obtain information con- 
cerning his career and the date of his death. 

G. F. R. B. 

A Prophecy c. Charles II. — The follow- 
ing occurs in 'Calendar of State Papers, 
Domestic, 4287,' p. 349, 1667: — 

"A prophecy that was lately found written in a 
plate of brass in Folkston, in Kent: — 

When Brittaine bold of Spanish Race 
From Gallick Sands shall land att Hyde, 
, Then let not Hyde thereat make mirth, 

, : As if the day were his. 

■ So true a head to King and nation 

A\'as neare cut of by proclaniacion ; 
I Hee ne're shall in his clutches have him, 

I Then lett him looke to his fatt hide, 

I Merlyn 's an asse if York can save him 

I As old a towne as 'tis. 

Does it refer to the sale of Dunkirk, Hyde, 
'Lord Clarendon, and James, Duke of York ? 
The town of Hythe, near Folkestone, is often 
written, and oftener pronounced, as Hyde. 

R. J. Fynmore. 
Sandgate, Kent. 

" Welsh rabbit.-' — What is the earliest 
xample of the derivation of "Welsh rabbit" 
rrom *' Welsh rare bit " ? It is condemned by 
Prof. Skeat in his ' Etymological Dictionary' 
is a pretence "as pointless and stupid as it 
,s incapable of proof." It is, however, like 
nany other such derivations, very generally 
iccepted. One wonders who was the ingenious 
'nyentor of the derivation. In ' A Classical 
Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue' (Grose), 
ihird edition, 1796, is " Welch Ptabbit, i.e., a 
iVelch rare bit." This reappears in Pierce 
^^gan's edition, 1823, "Welch" being changed 
into "Welsh." 'The Cook's Oracle,' sixth 
jdition. Constable & Co., 1823 (No. 539), says 
f/hat if the directions given are followed the 
fcoastand cheese "will well deserve its ancient 
•appellation of a 'Ptare Bit.'" The late G. A. 
3ala in his 'Thorough Good Cook,' 1895, 



pp. 131, 397, has "Welsh rarebit.' In tho 
indexes he has also "Welsh rabbit." 'Webster's 
Dictionary,' 1889, says, " properly Welsh rare- 
bit." Ogilvie gives the same derivation. It 
is also to be found in Fliigel's ' English and 
German Dictionary,' 1830. A friend has sent 
me from Danzig the Mittagstafel menu of 
the Hotel Danziger Hof of 18 October, in 
which I find, between " Vanille- und Pfir- 
sicheis" and " Dessert" the following item: 
" Wales rarebits, engl. Selleria." I was not 
told whether the " Wales rarebits" were real 
Welsh rabbits. In writing the above I have 
not attempted to give any authorities for the 
true spelling " rabbit " except Prof. Skeat, 
although no doubt there are plenty. " Scotch 
woodcock " is a name not unlike " Welsh 
rabbit." It is composed of buttered toast, 
anchovies, eggs, &c. Robert Pierpoint. 

Beadnell.— About the year 1830 there 
resided somewhere near, if not within the 
bounds of, the City (perhaps in the district 
immediately east of Gray's Inn Road), a 
family of the name of Beadnell. There were 
two, if not more, daughters in the family. 
The name is not a common one ; I can only 
find some half-dozen examples in the present 
year's ' London Directory.' Can any of your 
readers give me trustworthy information 
regarding the family in question : as to their 
actual address at the time I speak of, what 
became of the various members, and so 
forth 1 I have reasons for believing that one 
of the daughters, then a widow, was alive 
about 1855, but I can trace no further. 

W. Sandford. 
13, Ferndale Road, S.W. 

Cobden Pamphlet. — Can any reader of 
'N. & Q.' help me to a copy of Cobden's 
pamphlet entitled " Incorporate your 
Borough, a Letter to the Inhabitants of 
Manchester. By a Radical Reformer"? It 
was issued from the office of Mr. John 
Gadsby, whose name as printer is attached 
to so many of the tracts sent forth by the 
Anti-Corn Law League. 

T. FisiiER Unwin. 

Jacobin: Jacobite. — A review in the 
Athenceum for 31 October, p. 576, points out 
that an American writer says the "Jacobins" 
still speak of Charles I. as "the martyr king." 
This has reminded me of a note, or perhaps I 
should rather say a query, which I have long 
thought of sending to you. Jacobite and 
Jacobin have different origins. The former 
comes from the Christian name of an exiled 
king ; the latter from a club of the time of 
the French Revolution, which met in a house 



470 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9"" s. xii. dec. 12. im 



in Paris, once belonging to the Dominicans, 
the church attached to which was dedicated 
to St. James. No two sets of men could well 
have held political convictions more widely 
separated, yet I have been told by old people 
whose memories extended back to the earliest 
years of the nineteenth century that when 
they were young the two words were 
frequently interchanged, the adherents of 
the exiled royal family being spoken of as 
Jacobins, and sometimes, though less com- 
monly, the more violent of the French 
revolutionists and their English sympathizers 
denominated Jacobites. It would be in- 
teresting to ascertain whether there is any 
contemporary authority which tends to con- 
firm this. Were the Jacobites ever spoken 
of as Jacobins before 1789, when the Jacobin 
Club was formed 1 If so, it is possible that, 
like so many old fashions of speech, this one 
may have lingered across the Atlantic long 
after it became extinct in Britain. 

ASTAETE. 

NEAPOLITAN MARVELS: VIRGILIUS. 
{9^^ S. xii. 408.) 

J. P. S. will find that abundant litera- 
ture is accessible on the subject of the 
well-known legendary necromancer Virgilius, 
or Vergilius. The ' Ottia Imperatoris' of 
Houdin should be cited as the ' Otia Im- 
perialia' of Gervase of Tilbury, " who, having 
visited Naples, was a witness of many of 
those wonders which were there to be seen, 
and was informed by his host the Archdeacon 
Pinatelles concerning the remainder." The 
story about the fly, as quoted by your corre- 
spondent, is a combination of two different 
legends : the first, that Virgilius set up a 
brazen fly on one of the gates of Naples, 
which remained there eight years, during 
which time it did not permit any other fly 
to enter the city; the second, that in the 
same place he caused a shambles to be erected 
wherein meat never became tainted. 

Many of the legends of this astonishing 
wizard are familiar, and afford abundant 
amusement. The story of his device for 
ensuring the safety of Rome from her enemies 
may, perhaps, bear repetition here :— * 

"The emperour asked of Virgilius howe that he 
niyght make Rome prospere and haue many landes 

* From " The lyfe of Virgilius with many dyuers 
consaytes that he dyd. Emprynted in the cytie of 
Anwarfe. By me Johnn Doesborcke dwellynge at 
the Camer porte." Edited in his series of " Early 
English Prose Romances" by W. J. Thoms F.S A 
1858. ) • ■ •» 



under them, and knowe when any lande would 
ryse agen theym, and Virgilius sayd to the em- 
peroure, 'I woU within short space that do.' And 
he made vpon the Capitolium that was the towne 
house, made with caruede ymages and of stone, 
and that he let call Saluacio Rome ; that is to say, 
this is the Saluacyon of the cytie of Rome ; and he 
made in the compace all the goddes that we call 
maraettes and ydoUes, that were under the subiec- 
tion of Rome ; and euery of the goddes that there 
were had in his hande a bell ; and in the mydle of 
the godes made he one of Rome ; and when so euer 
that there was any lande wolde make ony warre 
ageynst Rome, than wold the godes tourne theyr 
backes towarde the god of Rome ; and than the 
god of the lande that wolde staude up ageyne 
Rome clynked his bell so lon^ that he hatha in 
his hande till the senatours of Rome hereth it, and 
forthwith they go there and see what lande it is 
that wyll warre agaynst them ; and so they prepare 
them, and goeth a geyne them and subdueth 
theym." 

The more than quaint legend of the fair lady 
who let Virgilius hang all night outside her . 
window in a basket and of his unseemly 
revenge greatly tickled the medijieval palate, 
and was frequently illustrated. 

The authorities on the subject of the ; 
romance may be most readily consulted in 
the preface of the late Mr. Thoms's work, to > 
which I have already referred. 

J. Eliot Hodgkin. 

" The sage Virgilius, Bishop of Naples," is 
no other than the great Augustan poet 
Virgilius Maro, who is said to be buried in i 
Naples. Virgilius was thought a magician) 
in the Middle Ages. There exists a very great' 
literature upon Virgil the sorcerer ; thel 
best book on him is written by the eminent; 
Italian scholar Comparetti (' Virgilio neli 
Medio Evo')- Virgilius is also said to have/; 
prognosticated to the Emperor Augustus ther 
birth of Christ. Of course, everybody knows • 
of the false interpretations of the fourth i 
Virgilian Eclogue in a Christian sense ; but: 
the great Flemish painter Eogier van der: 
Weyden represents Augustus on his knees, . 
and the sorcerer Virgil showing to him in at 
vision the Madonna with the child Jesus.. 
The picture is in the Berlin Museum. 

Dk. Max Maas. 

Munich. 

Epitaph at Doncaster (9"^ S. xii. 288, 413) 
— Besides the questions asked at the first 
reference, a correct transcription of the in-' 
scription is not unworthy of consideration. 
From a drawing of the stone by the Rev. Geo.' 
Ormsby, vicar of Fishlake, which appears as 
figure 1 on plate viii. of 

"The I History and Description | of | St. George's 
Church I at i Doncaster, | destroyed by fire Feb- 
ruary 28, 18.33. I By | .John Edward .Jackson, M.A., 



9* s. xii. Deo. 12, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



471 



I of Brasenose College, Oxford ; | Rector of Leigh 

Uelamere and Vicar of Norton, Wilts | London 

I Printed for the Author | 1855," 

and from the accompanying text to be found 
at pp. 99-102, it would seem to have been as 
follows : — 

HOWE : HOWE : WHO : is : heare : 
I : ROBYN : OF : donc aster : and : Margaret : 

MY : FEARE : 

THAT : I : SPENT t THAT : I : had : 

THAT : I : GAVE : THAT : I : HAVE : THAT : I : 
LEFT : THAT : I : LOSTE. 

These words, in Roman type, not black 
letter, somewhat oi'namented, run in one 
continuous line, within a border some little 
distance from the edge, the short lines, as 
above, being at the head and foot respectively. 
A little below the first line is the date in 
Arabic numerals a.d. : 1 : 5 : 7 : 9; and some 
distance below this again, in five lines, is the 
remainder of the inscription : — 

QVOD : EOBERTVS : BYRKES : 

WHO : IN : THIS : worlde : 
DYD : reyne : thre : 

SKORE : YEARES : AND : SEAVEN : 
and : YET : LYVED : NOT : ONE. 

Three of these lines are above the short dia- 
meter of the stone, the remaining two below it. 
After the fire only a few fragments of the 
stone could be recovered. The Editor's note 
as to the riddle supplies all that is necessary; 
for a fuller and more fanciful one see Southey's 
ideas as given in ' The Doctor,' ch. xlii. These 
are quoted by Jackson, who continues : — 

"However just in thenaselves, these remarks are 
not very pertinent to the case of this poor old 
gentleman, into whose head no such ideas had pro- 
bably ever entered, as those which the more active 
brain of the Laureate conceived upon reading the 
epitaph. Robin's history was not a very romantic 
one, as the reader will see from the few particulars 
of it that have been gleaned. What his exact 
position in the world was as to property or calling, 
has never been ascertained ; but that he was ' well 
to do ' is probable from the character of his monu- 
ment. He is known to have been an Alderman and 
thrice Mayor. Moreover he could write his own 
name, which was more than the majority of his 
brethren could do ; for out of thirty-five upon one 
occasion at some municipal proceedings no fewer 
than twenty-one signify their consent hy markd.'' 

Jackson gives a facsimile of " his last re- 
corded attendance on civic duty (4 April, 
1589) autographically attested," and con- 
cludes : — 

"It has been said by some that Robert Byrkes 
gave Hunster Wood, in Rossington, to the poor. 
But of this no evidence has ever been adduced, nor 
does there seem to be any foundation for the state- 
ment ; at all events, the poor never had the wood." 

Miller (' History of Doncaster,' 1804) says : 



" The Cori)oration of Doncaster are Lords of the 

Manor [of Rossington] and owners of this estate 

Hunster ^Vood is remarkable for a number of 

fine oaks, and for the quantity of game it contains. 

The Rectory of Rossington is in the gift of the 

Corporation, and worth upwards of .")UU/. per 
annum." 

Thirty years after Miller wrote this the 
Corporation, desirous of reducing its in- 
debtedness, having obtained sanction from 
the Treasury, sold the estate to James 
Browne, Esq., of Hare Hills, near Leeds, for 
92,500^. on 13 December, 1838, and on 
4 September of the following year accepted 
the same gentleman's offer of 4,100Z. for the 
purchase of the advowson of Rossington. 
(See " Doncaster | from I the Roman Occupa- 
tion 1 to I the Present Time. | Bv | John Tom- 

linson | Doncaster 1887,'"_ pp. 274-91.) 

Rossington, it may be noted, is five miles 
from Doncaster. E. G. B. 

"Turnover" (9"^ S. xii. 364).— This sense 
of the word was, [ am told, first used in con- 
nexion with the Globe. Certainly it was well 
known in the early eighties. Q. V. 

Animals in People's Insides (9"' S. xi. 
467 ; xii. 414). — The story about the X rays 
at the last reference is a fine example of a 
lie with a circumstance, for the X rays would 
not have detected the "animal" unless it had 
a bony skeleton. J. T. F. 

Durham. 

Frances Jennings (9*'^ S. xii. 349). — The 
best, if not the only, account of this lady 
will be found in Mr. G. Steinman Steinman's 
' Althorp Memoirs,' 1870, pp. 45-52. As this 
book is exceedingly scarce, a summary of the 
principal events of her life may be accept- 
able to Mr. Edward Denham. She was the 
daughter, and eventually sole heiress, of Sir 
Gifford Thornhurst, the only baronet, of 
Aghne Court, Old Romney, co. Kent, by 
Susanna, daughter of Sir Alexander Temple, 
Knt., of Chadwell, co. Essex. She married 
Richard Jenyns, Esq., of Holywell House, 
St. Albans, lord of the manors of Sandridge, 
CO. Herts, of Churchill, co. Somerset, and of 
Fanne, in Godalming, co. Surrey, M.P. for 
St. Albans 1642, and again 1661. Her 
marriage to this gentleman took place 
apparently at the church of St. Paul, Covent 
Garden, in December, 1643, when she was 
eighteen, her husband six years older. 
According to the marriage allegation in the 
Bishop of London's Registry, 1643, 18 Decem- 
ber, the marriage was to take place at St. Mar- 
tin's-in-the-Fields, St. Giles's-in-the-Fields, or 
St. Paul's, Covent Garden. It was not cele- 
brated at either of the two first-mentioned 



472 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9"- s. xii. dec. 12. 1903. 



churches, and at the last the registers only 
commence in 1653. Sir Gifford Thornhurst 
died 16 December, 1627, when Frances was 
only two years of age, and his young widow 
speedily gave her hand to Sir Martin Lyster, 
Knt., of Thorpe Arnold, co. Leicester, by 
■whom she had a large family, the best known 
of whom was Martin Lyster, M.D., F.R.S., 
the celebrated medical author. 

Mrs. Jenyns bore anything but an enviable 
reputation. Mr. Steinman quotes several 
contemporary writers in support of her 
(bad) character, including Grammont and 
Mrs. Manley. She figures as Damareta, a 
character of peculiar infamy in ' The New 
Atalantis,' and the authoress goes so far as 
to say that she was conversant with a demon 
who gave her to understand the future. 
Swift gives her as bad a reputation as 
Mrs. Manley, and introduces her as "Mother 
Haggy" into his squib, 'The Story of the 
St. Albans Ghost.' Miss Strickland some- 
where finds that " she was not allowed to 
approach the Court on account of her in- 
famous character, although she had laid 
Charles IL under some mysterious obliga- 
tion " ('Lives of the Queens of England,' 
1847, X. 249 ; 1848, xii. 206). 

The children of this lady were two sons, 
John and Ralph, who left no issue; and 
four daughters : Susanna, who died young ; 
Frances, first the wife of George Hamilton, 
and secondly of Richard Talbot, created 
Duke of Tyrconnel by James IL, known as 
"the white widow" in the romance of 
history; Barbara, the wife of Col. Edward 
Griffith, secretary to Prince George of Den- 
mark ; and Sarah, the celebrated Duchess of 
Marlborough. Mr. Jenyns died some time 
in 1668, as his eftects were administered to, 
29 May in that year, by Anthony Mildmay, 
his principal creditor, his widow Frances 
having renounced. She long survived her 
husband, and on 12 February, 1691/2, made 
her will (proved 11 .January, 1693/4), leaving 
all her manors, lands, personalty, Ac, to her 
daughter Sarah, for her sole and separate 
use, so that her dear son-in-law, John, Earl 
of Marlborough, "although I love him from 
my heart," shall not intermeddle therein, 
but be wholly debarred. The exact date of 
her death is unknown, as the registers of 
St. Albans Abbey Church, where she was 
buried, were destroyed by a fire which occurred 
in it on 14 September, 1743 ; but it probably 
took place towards the end of 1693. There 
is no other portrait of Mrs. Jenyns than that 
in the Althorp Gallery, and this has never 
been under the hand of the engraver. 

W. F. Prideaux. 



School Library in the Seventeenth 
Century (9"^ S. xii. 388, 435).— Thomas Leigh, 
forty-seven years master of the Grammar 
School at Bishop Stortford, was of Christ's 
College, Cambridge, B.A. 1617-18, M.A. 1621 
(see 2"'^ S. xii. 208). During his rule, when 
the school flourished exceedingly and pro- 
duced many distinguished scholars, he founded 
the school library, which afterwards became 
famous, and to which the scholars were obliged 
to contribute. This, and not necessarily pure 
zeal for learning, may account for the in- 
scription in the Bodleian copy of Alessandro's 
*■ Geniales Dies,' evidently once there. The 
book is not, I think, quite so unknown as 
Mr. Dodgson supposes. There is a copy {e.g.) 
in this library (same edition as the Bodleian). 
It was a very popular book in its day, and 
just such a work as a zealous old-world school- 
master would recommend for out-of-school 
reading, being full of erudite, and at the 
same time entertaining, matter, though it 
would doubtless be considered anything but 
light literature in these degenerate days. 
Amongst Leigh's distinguished pupils was 
Sir Henry Chauncy, who reverentially refers 
to him in his ' Antiquities of Hertfordshire ' 
(i. 333)— a reference repeated and extended 
in Cussans (i. 113). John Hutchinson. 

Middle Temple Library. 

I well remember being present when a por- 
tion of the Bishop Stortford school library 
was dispersed by auction at Sotheby's (I 
believe) some few years ago. The reason of 
my vivid recollection is because I bought the 
following volume and two other books for 
three shillings and sixpence ; they all had 
on the title-page " Thos. Leigh," written in a 
very neat hand. I take this to be the son 
mentioned at the last reference. My volume 
contained the following : — 

1. Amyntie Claudia. Autliore Thonia Watsono, 
Londini. Inipensis (1. Ponsonbei, 1592. 4to. 

2. Melibceus Tiiomre Watsoni. Lond., 1590. 4to._ 

3. Principum ac Illustrium Aliquot Encomia 

a Joanne Lelando edita. Londini apud L 

Orwinuni, l."S9. 4to. 

Now the first item of these contains a two- 
page preface to Mary, Countess of Pembroke, 
and is signed C. M. This is perhaps the only 
specimen of poor Kit Marlowe's composition 
which was signed by him, and is undoubtedly 
his. It fetched ll. 2s. Qd. at Sotheby's a few 
months ago, and will no doubt rise in price. 
Hence my good memory. Ne Quid Nimis. 

Hawthorn (O'*^ S. xii. 268, 334, 437).— I am 
unable to understand the drift of the last 
communication ; it seems to be a kind of 
special pleading, ignoring all the evidence. 
The point is that haivthorn may very well 



gel, 



s. xii. de.. 1-2. 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



473 



have been in use for many centuries before 
hoar-thorn was ever heard of, whilst it seems 
to be assumed, in direct contradiction to all 
evidence, that the contrary was the case. 
Hoarthorn is .mere English; but hawthorn 
{i.e., "hedge-thorn") is a word of extreme 
antiquitj', one of the old Germanic words 
existing long before the Saxons came to 
England, and still represented in three old 
Germanic languages— viz., German, Dutch, 
and EngHsh. Walter W. Skeat. 

It may interest Peof. Skeat to hear that in 
August last a child in this village who had 
made a collection of pressed flowers and leaves 
pointed out to me amongst others the leaf of 
the hawthorn, which she described as a liaga- 
thorn. H. M. Batson. 

Hoe Benham, Newbury. 

"Palo de cobra" (9"' S.xii. 288, 374, 436)" 
— A couple of references which I have casually 
come across, and which favour my suggested 
identification of this plant, may be of interest. 
In Ogilvie's 'Imperial Dictionary' (1871 
edition) it is observed that the rhizome of 
O}^]^ iorrhiza mungos 

" in the pharmacopoeias is termed Radix serpenti- 
num. It is much esteemed in China, Java, Sumatra, 
&:c., as preventing the effects which usually follow 
the naja, a venomous serpent [sic], and those of the 
bite of a mad dog." 

And in the ' Standard Dictionary ' of Funk 
& Wagnalls, s.v. ' Mungo,' it is mentioned 
that the mungoose "is said to eat this plant 
as a remedy for snakebite."' A little time 
spent on following up these clues would, I 
have no doubt, definitely settle the matter. 

J. Dormer. 

Translations, Good and Bad (9'^ S. xii. 
285). — In a tentative sort of way I have done 
a little translating, so that I may timidly put 
forward a claim to offer a few remarks. All 
translations are bad, in the sense that all sub- 
stitutes are bad. A photograph is a poor 
consolation for the lost touch of a vanished 
hand. Most of us would gladly cover our 
walls with Piembrandts or Correggios. Failing 
these we content ourselves with the humble 
print or etching. To many minds a trans- 
lation is an abomination ; my lamented father 
was of this severe school. But there is a 
numerous and influential class whose early 
studies were neglected or not pushed far 
enough along the lines of advancing scholar- 
ship, and to whom a first-rate translation is 
a necessity and a boon. In later life, with 
economic development, a taste for severe 
study often springs up. Thus a brilliant 
transcript of a classical writer may serve as 
an introduction to the writer himself, pre- 



cisely as a first-class criticism of a modern 
author serves to draw readers to his works. 
For my own part, I have read most of the 
authors of antiquity in a modern dress, and 
have suffered no serious inconvenience there- 
from. The pleasure I derived has always been 
tempered by remorse for chances spurned in 
the heyday of youth. In one respect a transla- 
tion has a distinct advantage over the original 
production. One can examine its technique 
with the eye of a master, and ask oneself 
whether one could have bettered this or that 
phrase or turn of thought. As a matter of 
fact I never take up any translated work 
without seeking to discover points for admi- 
ration, either in the diction or the style. Yet 
1 presume one ought to differentiate between 
the reproductions of the masterpieces of an- 
tiquity. At the present moment I am read- 
ing Lecky's ' European Morals,' in which I 
find excerpts translated from the 'Epistles' of 
Seneca, polished to such a degree of perfection 
that it puzzles one to conceive how the matter 
could be better managed. To me they seem 
the ne jylus ultra in transcription. This is 
the judgment I am pleased to pass upon 
Jowett's 'Plato.' .lowett, in my humble 
opinion, has enriched the language with a 
new and almost original work. Plato him- 
self would have some difliculty in recognizing 
his own labours, unless he had acquired _a 
mastery of English during his sojourn in 
the nether regions. Nor shall I ever forget 
the many thrills of exquisite pleasure I got 
out of John Hookhara Frere's rendering of 
the ' Birds,' ikc. of Aristophanes, which is a 
veritable tour de force, and is well-nigh 
matchless for symmetry, grace, and bril- 
liancy of diction. Now the student using 
a translation should always ask himself 
whether that rendering has enabled him to 
get a moderate insight into the fascinations 
of the original. Few translations rise to 
this severe test, and so disgust the student 
with his altogether blameless Greek author. 
Homer must feel very sore over his Enghsh 
exponents. Most reproductions seem to have 
been passed through an oven, they are so 
arid and gritty. All the scent of the rose 
seems crushed out of them. Like the writing 
of memoirs, translating is a fine art, which 
few men are by nature adapted for. 

M. L. R. Breslar. 

" Wake "=a Village Feast (9"^ S. xii, 107, 
134, 216).— At Little Hucklow, in the High 
Peak of Derbyshire, Wake Sunday is the 
second Sunday in September. But the annual 
feast begins on the preceding Saturday, which 
is known as Wake Eve, or Wake Even, and, 
till late years, ended on the following Satur- 



474 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9"> s. xii. dec. 12, ms. 



•day. It now ends on the Thursday. In this 
village they speak of " holding up " the feast, 
and this year I was an eyewitness of what 
happened in the village. I also obtained from 
aged men and women some information about 
•customs which have passed away. 

Wake Eve was a time of leisure, for on the 
evening of that day gates and doors were 
lifted from their hinges and hidden, and 
farmers' carts were removed from their sheds 
and taken down the hill to a wet and swampy 
place called the Minings (the first i is long), 
from which the villagers still fetch their 
water. One old woman said she would take 
care that her cart was not taken, and locked 
the door of her carthouse. But the cart was 
alreadj' gone. At the adjoining village of 
Brad well the carts used to be taken down the 
hill on which this village stands, and were 
found next morning in the stream at the 
bottom. At Little Hucklow the Sinings was 
often a place of merriment. To this place 
the lads and lasses of the village went every 
evening with buckets on their heads to fetch 
water, and then they played their evening 
games. At one of these they used to say :— 

Sally, Sally, water sprinkle in the pan ; 
Rise, Sally, rise, Sally, for a young man. 
Choose for the best, choose for the worst, 
Choose for the pretty Rirl tliat you love best. 

Then a couple were supposed to get married, 
and the others said : — 

Now you've got married we wish you joy, 
Seven years after a son and a daughter ; 
Pray, young lady, come out of the water. 

As the lads and lasses ran down the hill to 
the Sinings some of them made arches with 
their arms, under which the others "ducked," 
and when they "ducked" they said, "Dig 
under th' water hole." The eyes of the old 
woman who told me of these joys of her 
youth sparkled. This year carts were not 
taken from their sheds. ' Sally Water ' is 
still played, but not at the Sinings or in 
wake week. 

We had two weddings in wake week, this 
being a favourite season for wedlock. At one 
of these the wedding party drove in the 
morning to the nearest church in a carriage 
and pair, and in the afternoon the bride and 
bridegroom played at trap-ball or rounders 
in the town gate (village street) with the 
other lads and lasses, the bride being in her 
bridal dress. As they came back from church 
entrance to the village was barred by a rope, 
and before the carriage could get through a 
small toll — three shillings — was exacted. 

Every evening there was dancing in a hay- 
loft. The room was decorated with ever- 
greens and flags, and they sometimes danced 



to a tune called 'Paddy Whack.' I noticed 
that before dancing began pieces of tallow 
were scattered on the floor to make it 
slippery. 

On Wake Sunday a special service is held 
in a small Dissenters' chapel in the village. 
It is largely attended both by the villagers 
and strangers. _ The young girls are dressed 
in white, and sit on a platform at one end of; 
the building. In wake week children loegin 
to vvear new clothes and new shoes. Forty, 
years ago much weaving was done in the?, 
village, but the loom ceased to work on the 
Thursday before Wake Sunday. In wake 
week visitors arrive fi-om other towns, absent 
sons and daughters come to stay with their 
parents, and relations and friends pay their 
annual visit. I heard a farmer say that in 
wake week he had had once as many as forty 
visitors in his house at one time. Some days 
before Wake Eve houses are cleaned, white- 
washed (there is no papering), and painted. 
A man told me that his wife had been 
" scrattin' and fettlin' " for a week or more to 
get things ready. The custom is (or was) 
to paint the doors of the houses black, and to 
colour the outside of door-steads and window- 
frames yellow by means of clay- wash. Yellow 
paint was used instead of clay-wash this year. 
Spar, which is plentiful in the neighbourhood, 
is scattered in front of the houses just before 
wake week. Not only do friends meet at 
this season, but old quarrels are settled, and 
no wake week would be complete without a 
fight. This year two of the villagers settled 
a dispute by the help of theii- fists. 

Old men tell me that fifty years ago 
most of the villagers brewed their own ale, 
and in wake week they went from house to 
house " tasting the taps." An interesting 
custom in this week has just been discon- 
tinued. Thirty or fortj' men and women 
joined their hands together, and, forming a 
ring, danced from house to house. A fiddler 
played the tune, and as they danced they 
sang : — 

There was a man, he had a dog, 

And Bingo was his name 0. 

B-i-n-g-o, B-i-n-g-o [they spell the word]. 

And Bingo was his name 0. 

They would dance in the houses if they could 
get in. It was a time of high merriment at 
which games were played and songs sung. 
The girls used to sing : — 

I '11 have a lad with a white cockade, 
Or else I "11 wait till there is one made ; 
A white cockade and a jacket blue, 
Those are the lads that prove so true. 

It is said that the old women of Castleton, 
four miles off, loved their wakes so dearly 
that they made a rope to tie them in ! 



9"^ S. XII. Dec. 12, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



475 



1 believe that the right name of the feast is 
wake, though I have heard " wakes," and even 
" wakeses." The word seems to mean vigil, 
and I am told that in this part of Derbyshire 
" they used to wake with the dying."' They 
still speak of "liche night" or "liche wake," 
meaning the night when they watch in the 
house of death. These village feasts have 
nothing to do with churches or their so- 
called patron saints. S. O. Addy. 

Little Hucklow Hall, Eyani. 

Wymondham Guilds (9^'' S. xii. 410). — 
Mr. Hughes's query reminds me of an inscrip- 
tion on an old house in Wymondham which 
I sketched in the j^ear 18G7 (it may be there 

now) : NEC MIHI GLIS SEEVUS NEC HOSPES 

HIRUDO. I have often wondered if the 
person who caused it to be carved was as 
genial a host and as good a master as the 
text seems to imply. Henry Taylor. 

" YcLEPiNG " THE Church (9"^ S. viii. 420, 
486; ix. 55, 216, 394 ; x. 54, 136; xii. 371).— 
This is an unfortunate title, for of course 
ydejnnci is an error for dipping. Various 
ingenious origins have been suggested ; I 
think the right one is far simpler than any 
yet mentioned. The great book of the Middle 
Ages was the Latin Bible, and of this book the 
most familiar part was the Psalms, which 
many knew by heart. 

In Ps. xlviii. 12 (xlvii. 13 in the Vulgate) we 
read : "Walk about Sion, and go round ahout 
her." The Vulgate has : " Circumdate Sion, 
et romplectimini eam." 

The Vespasian Psalter (a.d. 875) translates 
this by : " Ymbsellath Sion and diippath hie." 
And WyclilFe has : " Cumpasse ye Syon, and 
bidippe ye it." 

Nothing could be more obvious than to 
found upon this a simple practical custom, 
carried out in the literal sense by taking 
hands all round a church. 

Walter W. Skeat. 

Pannell (9"^ S. xii. 248).— Tliis name would 
appear to be a Yorkshire one, especially in 
the North and West Ridings. 

Kippax, about an equal distance from 
Leeds and Pontefract, seems to have been an 
early temporary home of the family. The 
registers commence in 1539, but the name 
does not occur until 1559, when John Pannell 
married Mary Taylor, while several baptisms 
and burials are found after this date. 
Thomas Pannell, of Kippax, also had two 
'children— Alice, born and died 1600, and 
Ptobert, died 1602. The family left Kippax 
«arly in the seventeenth century. 

The marriage registers of St. Michael-le- 



Belfry, York, contain only one entry of the 
name, viz., Katharine Pannell, who married 
Humphrey Thompson in 1587. Two Pannell 
burials also occur in the eighteenth century. 

William Pannell, of Horbury, near Wake- 
field, had a child Mary, born in 1662. This 
is the only time the name appears in the 
Horbury registers. 

In the eigliteenth century a family of this 
name were living at Stokesley, in Cleveland, 
Yorks. Robert Pannell, maltster, of Stokesley 
died in 1743, and his wife Jane a year after- 
wards. They had two children — Hugh, born 
1721, who, I believe, became a clockmaker at 
Stokesley, and a daughter Jane, born in 1724 
and died 1740. Thomas Pannell, probably a 
brother of Robert, died in 1729. Whether 
the name is found after 1750 I cannot say, as 
the Yorkshire Parish Register Society have 
only printed the registers up to that date. 

All the registers referred to have been 
published by the above society. 

Chas. Hall Crouch. 

5, Grove Villas, Wanstead. 

English Accentuation (9"' S. xi. 408, 515 ; 
xii. 94, 158, 316j.— The remark at the last 
reference, that Ismailia is very generally 
mispronounced Ismaylia, tempts me to draw 
attention to other names with the same 
termination, which also tend to throw back 
the stress towards the beginning. For in- 
stance, I frequently hear Pavia pronounced 
as if it had something to do with pavier. 
Rogers accents it correctly in his ' Italy,' 
parti, vii. : — 

And now appear, as on a phosphor sea, 
Numberless barks from Milan, from Pavia. 

Our poets are, however, not always blame- 
less. In ' Paradise Lost ' Milton anglicizes 
the Spanish Fuenterrabia as Fontarabia. 
Among Italian and Spanish personal names 
wiiich I have heard wrongly accented by 
Englishmen I may mention Beccaria, Eche- 
verria, Faria, Garcia. To these may be added 
the territorial designations Almeria, Anda- 
lucia, Antioquia, &c. The countries which 
we call Roumania and Russia are Romania 
and Rossia in the mouths of natives. On the 
other hand, the Bulgarian capital is always 
called Sofia by its inhabitants. 

James Platt, Jun. 

Origin of the Turnbulls (9"^ S. xi. 109, 
233, 329, 498 ; xii. 51, 353, 416).— I am sur- 
prised at J. B. P.'s reply. From the first to 
this, my last note on the subject, I had not, 
nor have I, any wish to cause vexation or 
sorrow to a single individual. 

' N. t Q.' is not a literary arena for the 
purpose of "disturbing " anything but wrong 



476 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9''> s. xii. dec. 12, im 



impressions, earmarking inaccuracies, the 
display of new literary discoveries, or inter- 
esting matter generally. 

I do not see the relevancy of J. B. P.'s 
reference to the length of mj^ last reply, any 
more than if I now said his reply extends 
to about a column. There was not any 
attempt on my part to court an expression 
of kindness or favour, so far as the sub- 
ject under consideration is concerned : cer- 
tainly I was anxious any additional light 
that might be possible should be thrown 
on the matter, which I do not see that 
J. B. P. has done, even in the most infinitesimal 
way. The question is. Did or did not William 
Turnbull do homage for lands? To cavil 
over the fact that when he did homage for 
lands the lands were not particularly specified 
in the Ragman Boll, to which I referred, 
is playing with the important point. • To 
my mind the same applies to the remarks 
concerning "Tremblee." What matters it 
whether I spelt the name with one e in 
my last reply, when reference to my first 
supplies the variant with two e's ? What 
importance is to be attached to the fact, if 
fact it be, that " Trembeley " was a Kincar- 
dineshire man, any more than we have Turn- 
bulls in Ayrshire, Trumbles in Surrey, and 
Turneboles somewhere else 1 It is the origin 
of the name we were dealing with. As to 
Mr. Stodart being a competent authority, I 
never said he was not, any more than I am 
prepared to accept his every statement ex 
cathedra. If my first communication had 
been duly noted, it would have been remem- 
bered that I actually quoted that gentleman. 
Now I say that in my experience "com- 
petent" authorities on history, science, art, 
and literature have often been proved in- 
accurate, at least in some respects. 

This is where 'N. &Q.' even more than 
fulfils its mission, for personally I would 
prefer to take as my authority many a con- 
tributor's dictum to not a few so-called 
"authorities." In fact, a student who has 
for many years read, and still reads, 'N. & Q.' 
must have been, and still be, thoroughly 
impressed with the same feeling, weekly, 
monthly, or yearly, as the case may be. For 
instance, J. B. P. stated that Bruce had no 
power to make grants of land before he was 
king. But see Mr. R. Barclay -All a.e- 
dice's letter, ante, p. 417, under the head- 
ing ' Lord Palatine.' Let me anticipate any 
observation which might be made as to the 
sovereign power of a Lord Palatine. In a 
previous note it will be seen that Bruce was 
Lord of Carrick, and is mentioned as Regent. 
Apart from all this I am prepared to show. 



granting 



if it was necessary, that charters 

lands have been made by parties much below 

the then social scale of Bruce. 

It appears that I ought to have said " that 
the date was not certain " in place of " he 
frankly owns." I did not put "frankly owns'' 
in inverted commas ; but no matter : if J. B. P. 
objects to his " frankly owning," then I 
withdraw the expression. 

Alfred Chas. Jonas. 



Sir Henry Wotton : Mallorie : Candishe : 
Dr. Johnston (9*'^ S. xii. 367). — In John 
Harris's ' Navigantium ' there is an account! 
of Thomas Candish, or Cavendish, of Trimley, 
in Suffolk, Esq. ; he is described as a gentle- 
man of honourable family near Ipswich.. 
Amongst other voyages he sailed round the 
world with the Desire (140 tons), the Con- 
tent (60 tons), and the Hugh Gallant (40 tons). 
He had with him 126 officers and men, and 
provision for two years. He left Harwich 
8 July and London 10 July, 1586, on a trading 
and privateering voyage, which lasted two 
years and two months. 

A Timothy Mallory went to India in 1614 ; 
he was not in the Company's service, but goti 
his passage out (as other adventurous men 
did in earlj'^ days) as the servant of one of 
the Company's servants. As soon as he 
arrived in India work was founa for him, 
and he was sent as a junior merchant to 
Masulipatam, 1615. Is that the man 1 See 
Bird wood and Foster, ' Early Letters of the 
East India Company,' vol. iii. 

Frank Penny. 

Prince or Wales's Theatre, Tottenham 
Street (9*'' S. xii. 365).— I do not understand 
Mr. Clarke to say th&t all Robertson's plays 
were first produced at this theatre, but his- 
reference to the revival of some of them in| 
" other and larger arenas " prompts the ques- 
tion whether the one I remember with mosti 
pleasure— thanks partly, no doubt, to the; 
capital acting of Miss Ada Cavendish an 
Mi\ Compton, who appeared in it — was no 
originally produced at the Haymarket. 
refer to ' Home,' which I certainly saw actei 
there some time in the sixties. I saw several 
other plays of "this elegant set" at th( 
Tottenham Street house, but I do not thini 
' Home ' was ever given there. Speaking o; 
the Haymarket and Mr. Compton reminds 
me of my first night in a London theatre, 
when I saw ' The Heir-at-Law ' at this housBj \ 
with Mr. and Mrs. Chippendale, Mr. Buck! 
stone, Mr. Compton, and Miss Nelly Moore — 
" that rare and radiant maiden" of Mr. H. S. 
Leigh's 'Chtiteaux d'Espagne'— in the cast. 
What a cast it was ! I should be glad to be 



a"^ s. XII. Dec. v2, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



477 



told who, besides those 1 have named, were 
in it. C. C. B. 

['Home' was produced by Sothern at the Hay- 
ruarket, U January, 1869. See ' D.X.B.' for Robert- 
son's many other plays.] 

Agreeing most heartily with every word of 
Me. Cecil Clarke's graceful communication 
on this subject, and as a lover of a good play, 
and as one who never on any occasion failed 
in his admiration of the genius of ]\Iiss Marie 
Wilton, from the time of her appearance in 
' The Maid and the Magpie ' in the little, 
unadorned Strand Theatre to the period of 
the re<jime of Mr. and Mrs. Bancroft in the 
artistically decorated theatre in the Hay- 
market (I fully remember when the few stalls 
therein were protected from the pit by a 
coarse wooden partition surmounted by a 
row of iron spikes), at the same time I 
venture to confess, as a visitor to the little 
house in Tottenham Street from 1865, that I 
was one of the many persons who regretted 
the migration of Mr. and Mrs. Bancroft and 
their famous company to the West - End. 
Additional fame and fortune were reaped in 
the grander house ; but although the plays 
there were in every sense of the word beauti- 
fully produced, yet to my mind they appeared 
to require that Meissonier-like perfection 
that was inherent in the charming comedies 
that delighted the crowded audiences of 
"the old Prince of Wales's." 

Henry Gerald Hope. 

119, Elms Road, Clapham, S.VV. 

Kingsley's Verses : ' A Farewell ' (9'^'' S. 
xii. 409).— In the song 'My Fairest Child,' 
composed by A. H. Behrend, Kingsley's 
iwords appear according to Mr. George 
Stronach's first quotation. 

John T. Page. 

West Haddon, Northamptonshire. 

Queen Elizabeth and New Hall, Essex 
(9'-'' S. xii. 208, 410).— The inscription copied 
by Mr. Hooper is on the porch of the main 
entrance, which forms part of the building 
erected by Henry Ratcliffe, third Earl of 
Sussex, in 1575 on the site of some older 
rooms. I should be greatly inclined to attri- 
bute the inscription to Lord Sussex himself, 
or else to his kinsman Philip, third Lord 
Wharton. Both seem to have been well 
acquainted with Italy, and Lord Sussex him- 
fielf, at all events, was a most obsequious 
courtier, and in 1561 had offered to propose 
Queen Elizabeth's marriage with Leicester 
at a Chapter of the Order of the Garter. 
With reference to the epithet " Divina," it is 
curious that the Inquisition in Spain often 
prosecuted Englishmen for styling Queen 



Elizabeth " Defender of the Faith.' Botli 
Sussex and Wharton were, however, Catliolics, 
though lukewarm. 

A curious analogy, though an unconscious 
one, with this use of the word " Divina" was 
lately furnished by the WestiiiinsitKi- Gazette, 
which published a Latin epigram in which 
Mrs. Patrick Campbell was styled " Coeli 
llegina," in entire forgetfulness of the fact 
that this is the proper title of the Blessed 
Virgin. 

Does not Erasmus somewhere rebuke the 
Latin writers of his time for styling kings 
"divine " ? Is it not here meant for a trans- 
lation of " sacred " 1 H. 

The Gipsy Queen, Margaret Finch (9*'' S, 
xii. 407). — Robert Malcolm, in his ' Curiosities 
of Biography ' (1860), devotes a couple of 
paragraphs to Margaret Finch. Thence I 
gather that she was born at Sutton, Kent, in 
1631. Her death and burial are thus re- 
corded : — 

" From a constant habit of sitting on the ground 
with her chin resting on her knees, generally with 
a pipe in her mouth, and attended by her faithful 
dog, her sinews at length became so contracted 
that she was unable to rise from that posture. 
Accordingly, after her death, it was found necessary 
to inclose her body in a deep square box. She died 
in October, 1740, at the great age of lOt) years. Her 
remains were conveyed in a hearse, attended by 
two mourning coaches, to Eeckenham, in Kent, 
where a sermon was preached on the occasion to 
a great concourse of people who assembled to 
witness the ceremony." 

See also ' Old and New London,' vi. 314. 

John T. Page. 
West Haddon, Northamptonshire. 

Trinity Sunday Folk-lore (9"' S. xi. 224, 
298). — Atcharya Horyii Toki, the illustrious 
jNIantranist Bishop of Togano-o, Kyoto, re- 
cently communicated to me the following : — 

" Mount Yudono [in a northern province of Japan] 
has this tradition attached to it. People say should 
one earnestly pray towards the east from its summit 
before sunrise, the sixteenth of the seventh moon 
[of lunar calendar], he would see on the sun, just 
appearing above the mountain-chains in its front, 
distinct figures of the Buddhist Trinity, the Buddha 
Aniitabha and the Boddhisattvas Avalokitts'vara 
and Mahasthiima. So even nowadays credulous 
visitors crowd there in that dawn.'"' 

In Ramusio's ' Navigation!,' tom. i., I re 
member I once read one of F. Xavier's letters 
making mention of the then current belief 
among the Japanese Buddhists that they 
could see in a certain mountain the figure of 
the most supreme of all the Buddhas, Dai- 
nichi (literally, Great-Sun, or Vairotchana in 
Sanskrit). Whether or not it is definitely 
stated therein, the Buddha's name impels us 
to believe in the said manifestation having 



I 



478 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9"- s. xii. deo. 12, m-^ 



some connexion with the sun when rising or 
setting. 

Some pious Japanese pay particular homage 
to a picture called ' Yamakoshi no Mida ' 
('Amitabha across a Mountain')- It is said 
to have originated in a drawing by a saint 
named Eshin (tenth century) of the Buddha, 
whom he actually saw on the setting sun 
when he was walking across a mountain. 

KUMAGUSU MiNAKATA. 
Mount Nachi, Kii, Japan. 

Latin Quip (9'^*' S. xii. 385).— The form in 
which these lines were told me in my Oxford 
days adds somewhat to the version given by 
Prof. Strong. The lines are a reproof to a 
grey-headed dean who had sung a hunting 
song. I read : — 

Cane Decane canis ; sed ne cane, cane Decane 
De cane : de canis, cane Decane, cane. 

Aldenham. 

Shakespeare and Lord Burleigh (9^^ S. 
xii. 328, 396, 411).— If Queen Elizabeth visited 
Castle Hedingham in August, 1561, it must 
have been in the time of John de Vere, Earl of 
Oxford, who died in 1562, and was the father 
of Edward de Vere (born in 1550, and so eleven 
years old at the date of the queen's visit), 
who married in 1571 Anne, the eldest daughter 
of Lord Burleigh. Arthur Hussey. 

Tankerton-on-8ea, Kent. 



NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. 

The AlclmmiM. By Ben .Tonson. Newly edited by 

H. C. Hart. (De La More Press. ) 
Under the care of Mr. H. C. Hart, the results 
of whose labours on Elizabethan and Jacobean 
literature are pleasantly conspicuous in ' N. & Q.,' 
we have an ideal edition of the best and 
most characteristic of Jonson's comedies. The 
work in question is issued with ail the typo- 
graphical luxury of the De La More Press, and as 
one of the i^uartos published under the editorship 
of Mr. Isi-ael Gollancz in the " King's Library." It 
may be held to show the best results of modern 
scholarship as applied to the as yet but half- 
explained allusions in our old dramatists. Again 
and again the conjectures of Giflt'ord, the accepted 
editor of Jonson, are shown to be monstrous or 
futile, and flashes of light are let into chambers 
hitherto unexplored or dark. In no comedy of 
Jonson, and in few works of his epoch or that 
succeeding, not even in Shadwell's ' Squire of 
Alsatia,' is the need of glossarial explanation so 
great as it is in ' The Alchemist.' Those who 
purchase the present volume, which is issued in a 
limited edition, may be pleased to think that not 
a few of the illustrations it supplies will be service- 
able in the case of other works of the epoch. In 
wishing that we could have all the principal plays 
of Tudor times in a similar form, we are aware of 
the difficulties and even the disadvantages that 



beset such a task. Few shelves are long enough to 
receive in such a form the works of Ben Jonson 
alone. Meantime, the plays of George Chapman 
call for the editing they have never received, and 
those of Beaumont and Fletcher in anything ap- 
proaching to a satisfactory state are out of reach. 
Our successors may hope for the days when the 
services of men so competent as Mr. Hart may be 
secured to scholarship by a government or academic 
grant. We may not, « iri'opos of this reprint, deal ' 
with the claims of the play or the merits of its 
author. ' Tlie Alchemist' is one of the very few 
works of .Jonson which, in addition to delighting. 
Pepys and the frequenters of the Theatre Royal ! 
and Dorset Garden, have had a representation " of 
sorts '" before the present generation. It is con- 
fessedly in its line unique, and its characters are 
among the best drawn in the Elnglish drama. Like 
other works of its time, it heljjed Milton, who, 
after his fashion, improved and elevated all he 
touched. Sir Epicure Mammon's lines to Dol 
Common, beginning '"It is a noble humour," 
IV. i. JKj, inspired the divine verses in ' Comus ' 
beginning "It is for homely features to keep 
home." Sir Epicure himself suggests edifying com- 
parisons with the full-blooded heroes of Marlowe. 
A " sudden boy,'' which Mr. Hart has not en- 
countered elsewhere, recalls the soldier "sudden 
and quick in quarrel." Can "Titi, Titi," fairy lan- 
guage, have any connexion with, or throw any 
light on, " Highty, tighty," originally written " hity 
tity " ? A reproduction of Zoti'any's plate of David 
Garrick as Abel Drugger serves as frontispiece. 
In this the Face appears to be Woodward, and 
the Subtle is probably Burton. From lovers of 
the drama this edition will obtain the warmest 
welcome. 

Shal-e-yieare and the Riral Poet. By Arthur 

Acheson. (Lane.) 
It would be rather cruel to apply to Mr. Acheson's 
own work the opening words of his preface. These 
words are as follows : " The research of text- 
students of the works of Shakespeare, undertaken 
with the object of unveiling the mystery which 
envelops the poets life and personality, has 
added little or nothing to the bare outlines which 
hearsay, tradition, and the spare records of his 
time have given us." Mr. Acheson himself is, how- 
ever, under the impression that he has cast light 
upon some of the subjects most constantly in debate. 
These subjects are, beside the chronology of the • 
plays, ' The Patron,' ' The Rival Poet,' ' The Dark 
Lady,' and 'The Mr. W. H. of the Dedication.' 
In order to decide how far he has succeeded the 
reader must study the work for himself. The value 
of evidence is different to different minds, and as 
regards much that is told us concerning Shake- 
speare we are on the side of scepticism. Whether 
the Mr. W. H. to whom Thorpe dedicated the 
Sonnets was William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke, 
Henry Wriothesley, Earl of Southampton, a Mr. 
William Hall, or a Mr. William Hughes, is still 
fiercely contested. With regard to this question 
Mr. Acheson gives a rather uncertain sound. His 
words are: "I shall prove later on that William 
Herbert, Earl of Pembroke, was not the patron 
addressed in these Sonnets, and shall, I believe, 
give very convincing evidence that Henry Wriothes- 
ley, Earl of Southampton, was that figure; yet I 
do not think it at all improbable that Pembroke 
was the 'Mr. W. H.' addressed by Thorpe, nor 



9"^ s. XII. UEr. 1-2, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



479 



unlikely that the Sonnets were published through 
his influence and with his cognizance." After 
studying the Sonnets so closely that he has com- 
mitted them to memory— a praiseworthy and almost 
indispensable preliminary, in which he is not alone 
— he declares his preparedness to "show conclu- 
sively that Prof. Minto"s conjecture as to Chapman's 
identity as the 'rival poet' is absolutely true." 
These be strong words, and they are followed by 
others equally strong. How far our author succeeds 
in establishing his case we will leave the reader to 
judge. If he carries his point, no matter at what 
price of rearrangement of the Sonnets and subversal 
of the accepted order of the plays, he has done more 
than has been accom j^ished by any of hi s predecessors. 
This is surely enough to justify every Shakespearian 
scholar in undertaking the rather arduous task of 
studying the volume. A point on which stress is 
laid is that Holof ernes in ' Love's Labour 's Lost ' 
is (xeorge Chapman. In the supposed allusion to 
Southampton as Ganymede in Chapman's ' Shadow 
of Night' a point of interest is approached ; but 
Mr. Acheson insists that an essential line has 
"dropped out." We see no trace of this, and the 
rimes are perfect. At the close of his volume Mr. 
Acheson prints poems of Chapman in which he 
finds attacks upon Shakespeare. In these, and in 
much of Mr. Acheson's argument, there is matter to 
interest and stimulate thought. If we remain un- 
convinced we may acknowledge that this is a state 
of mind familiar to us in presence of Shakespearian 
criticism and emendation. Were the subject theo- 
logical we might perhaps plead the rrrrAsre iijiio- 
rantia which the most zealous and orthodox accept 
as a mitigating condition in cases of heresy. 



The Story of ^Ve// Gwyn. By Peter Cunningham 

Edited by Gordon Goodwin. (Bullen.) 
After appearing in serial shape in tlie Gentleman s 
3larja-Jne for IHTA, 'The Story of Nell Gwyn: and 
the Sayings of Charles the Second,' as it was origin- 
ally called, assumed book-form the following year 
and sprang into immediate popularity. Before 
long it became— although its trustworthiness had 
i)een to some extent oppugned— one of the scarcest 
and most-prized volumes of modern theatrical 
literature. Within the last decade a new edition, 
with farther notes and a life of the author by Mr. 
H. B. Wheatley, who continued Cunningham's 'Old 
and New London,' saw the light; and this has in 
turn been followed by an edition entitled simply 
'The Story of Nell Gwyn,' and edited by Mr. 
Gordon Goodwin. The latest editor has been 
fortunate enough to add somewhat to our knowledge 
of the frail and vivacious heroine, and the present 
issue may count as the best. It is specially pretty 
and convenient in shape, and it contains — in addi- 
tion to views of Nell's reputed birthplace at Here- 
ford and other spots associated with her— a series 
of brilliantly executed portraits of herself, her off- 
spring, her associates, and her rivals. Nell Gwyn on 
a bed of roses, with Charles II. in the distance, 
after Gascar, serves as frontispiece. There are 
reproductions of four portraits by Lely : one from a 
picture at Montagu House ; one as Cupid, of the ut- 
most rarity, by Richard Tompson ; and presentations 
of Louise de Querouaille. Duchess of Portsmouth, the 
Duchess of Cleveland, James, Lord Beauclerk, and 
others. So strongly do these recommend the book 
that the possessors of the other editions will be 
disposed or obliged to add this to their collection. 
It is in all respects a dainty little volume. 



Dktionarri of Historical Allunionx. By Thomas 

Benfield Harbottle. (Sonnensclicin & Co.) 
This useful work is intended to rank with the 
' Dictionary of Quotations' of the same author and 
Col. P. H. Dalbiac. A work of this kind is, on its 
first appearance, necessarily tentative, and will in 
the course of successive editions be greatly enlarged. 
The reader who uses it will be saved much trouble, 
since the information it supi)lies covers a period 
from the beginnings of literature up to to-day. 
In some cases additions to what is told might 
with advantage be supi)lied. To 'Chouans' might 
be appended the information that they were 
so called in consequence of imitating the cry of 
the chouan, or long-eared owl. There are, more- 
over, curious confusions of date. There could 
scarcely have been an Earl of Mar a Jacobite leader 
in 1813'; we know of no Cyprus Treaty of 17SS 
betweeji Great Britain and Turkey ; Baillie, the 
leader of the Jerviswood plot for preventing the 
Duke of York from succeeding Charles II., could 
not have been executed in 1634, when the duke was 
only a year old ; and Steele, ob. 172^*, and Addison, 
ob. 1719, could not have been members, as is stated, 
of a club founded by prominent Whig politicians 
to promote the principles of the French Revolution. 
Henri III., who died in 1589, could not have issued 
in 178.5 an edict withdrawing all the privileges 
accorded to the Huguenots, nor did that monarch 
ever receive the nickname of Miguon, which was 
applied to his favourites. 

Great blasters. Parti's^. (Heinemann.) 
The latest part of ' Great Masters ' opens with- 
Romney's lovely painting of Mrs. Drummond 
Smith, from the collection of the Marquess of 
Northampton at Castle Ashby. (Jne of the most 
beautiful of Romney's portraits, this work is com- 
parativelv unknown. The bright, handsome, boyish 
face which follows, and is entitled 'A Young Cava- 
lier Writing,' is by Gabriel Metsu, and is from the 
fine collection of Mr. A. Beit. It is a masterpiece 
of a Dutch school no longer in highest repute, and 
is a magnificent reproduction. From Lord Sack- 
ville's gallery comes Gainsborough's portrait of 
Miss Linley (Sheridan's wife and the subject of 
his famous duels) and her brother, and shows 
its two subjects dishevelled in a gipsy fashion. 
It is, as the commentator says, inferior in ex- 
pression to works kindred in class by Sir Joshua,, 
but the beauty of the faces, especially that of 
the boy, is indescribable. The Earl of Carlisle 
lends the original of the landscape of Rubens 
with which the part concludes. In behalf of 
this work it is claimed that it is one of the finest 
landscape paintings produced in his great days 
by one of the most original of artists, to whoni' 

"Nature was a living, striving, palpitating 

entity, who saw Nature like a myth-maker,— saw 
Pan in the woods, Aurora in the dawn, Jove in the 
sky, Boreas in the gale." With this part the pub- 
lisher offers special privileges to subscribers, bring- 
ing the charge per plate to a price out of comparison 
with anything that has previously been offered the 
public. Attention is being drawn by Dr. Bode, 
Director of the Berlin National Gallery, to the fact 
that, whereas all mezzotint engravings must neces- 
sarily be one artist's interpretation of another, we 
have in the present instance a i^erfect reproduction 
of the artist's design with every detail perfect. 
There can be no question of the beauty of the work- 
manship, and the owner of the one hundred plates 



480 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [9". s. xii. dec. 12, im 



it is intended to publish will possess a singularly 
liine and representative collection. The Dutch 
and English schools seem likely to occupy the 
-most space. In the former we shall afford a 
-special welcome to the ' Dutch Courtyard ' of 
De Hooghe, from the National Gallery, with its 
customary and indescribable atmospheric effects. 

Thk strange and fascinating personality of Hector 
.Berlioz forms the subject of the most interesting 
and valuable contribution in the Fortniyhtly. Much 
is known concerning this self-educated musician, 
but it is always delightful to read about him. On 
one of the saddest occasions ever chronicled, Heine 
said to him, with a sigh, "Ah! Berlioz, you were 
always original " : and so, indeed, he was. If no 
new story is told concerning the musician, many 
pleasant things are recalled to the memory, and are 
welcome. Mr. Garstang deals with ' The Love 
Songs of a Bygone Day.' What is said is right 
enough, but we find our author speaking with some- 
thing like an apology not only of Wither, but of 
Herrick. In his ' D'Annunzio's "LeLaudi"' Mr. 
J. C. Bailey speaks eloquently concerning the Italian 
poet's gift of language. — In the Xinttetnth Ct^nfnry 
Mr. R. Bosworth Smith, continuing a series of bird 
studies previously begun, undertakes the defence 
and rehabilitation of the magpie. His ta,sk is, it is 
to be feared, hopeless. Lovers of bird life will 
always regard with affection the magpie and the 
jay, but these creatures will, until we reach a time 
when we are more human or less ignorant, be the 
objects of the special aversion of the gamekeeper. 
Many interesting stories of the bird are told, 
.and some sad experiences are narrated concern- 
'ing the efforts of the male bird to secure a mate 
to bring up his offspring after his chosen partner 
has been shot. Quite insatiable is, however, the 
agreed of slaughter of man, while the vanity and 
absence of imagination of woman are not less 
destructive in effect. In ' A Visit to the Wise 
Woman of Lisclogher' Mrs. Greville-Nugent pre- 
serves some interesting bits of folk-lore. ' English 
Style and some French Novels ' may be read with 
interest. — Lady Sarah Wilson describes in the Pall 
Mall a six weeks' incursion into North-Western 
Rhodesia, a part of the world in which Lady Sarah, 
without being a pessimist, sees trouble ahead. ' The 
Rebuilding of London ' has some good views of the 
City by Hedley Fiston. Mr. Ernest M. Jessop 
sends an account, with illustrations from photo- 
graphs, of Lansdowne House. In his 'Master 
Workers' Mr. Harold Begbie gives an account of 
Mr. John Morley, whose portrait, with a couple of 
■dogs, is affixed. An anecdotal account of the latest 
Pope is also supplied, together with views of 
his unpretending domestic surroundings. — Lady 
Broome, in the Conihill, continues her colonial 
reminiscences. It is curious to find that in New 
Zealand, as in England, servants constitute the 
greatest plague of life. Mr. Mortimer Menpes writes 
on ' Whistler the Purist,' and speaks from the 
depth of a close personal intimacy. Had his fami- 
liarity with his subject been less we should have 
been disposed to question some of the estimate 
formed of Whistler the man. Mr. (iodley's 'Lines 
written in Depression ' are very humorous. The 
Rev. W. H. Hutton has a judicious paper on Samuel 
Rawson Gardiner. In ' The Grouse and the Gun- 
Room ' Mr. Alexander Innes Shand seems to promise 
the story told by S(iuire Hardcastle, the absence of 
which we constantly deplore. It proves, however, 



to be no such matter. Mr. W. A. Shenstone writes 
of 'Ferments and Fermentation.' Dealing with 
Mr. Whibley's 'Thackeray,' Mr. Andrew Lang 
advances some instances of contradictory state- 
ments, and offers a capital defence of the great 
novelist against modern precepts of criticism. — 
Dr. Launcelot Dowdall sends to the G'enilemau's 
an interesting ' Chapter on Names,' which forms a 
valuable summary of a great subject. Col. Los- 
combe's ' Jamaica Wit and Wisdom ' contains some 
folk-lore speech. Mr. John T. Curry gives an esti- 
mate of Abraham Cowley, and Mr. H. S. Clapham 
one of Fran(,'ois Villon. Mr. Philip Sidney writes 
on 'History in Fiction.' — In 'At the Sign of the 
Ship,' in Longman s, Mr. And&ew Lang is instruc- 
tive concerning the relation oetween reviewers 
and the reviewed. The subject is inexhaustible. It 
is, however, deftly handled. Among other miscel- 
lanea he quotes a wonderful beginning of a novel. 
If Mr. Lang wants it, we will give him another, far 
more startling, but not quite quotable. The general 
effect of the number is very bright. — In a 
pleasant list of contents the Christmas Idler has a 
characteristic story of M. Anatole France. — With 
a very gay cover, depicting the bearing of the boar's 
head and the playing of ancient music, Scriburr'-i 
for December is emphatically a Christmas number. 
It has many coloured illustrations, the most 
attractive of which are the pictures of ' Holland 
from the Stern of a Boeier.' Views of Buda and 
Pest are not in colours, but are ample and very 
effective. — In the Atlantic MontJily a.\:)\je3,v a further 
instalment of Sir Leslie Stephen's 'Journalism ' and 
a deeply interesting article, by Mr. George P. 
Baker, on ' Some Recent Books on the Elizabethan 
Drama.' 

We must call special attention to the following 
notices : — 

On all communications must be written the name 
and address of the sender, not necessarily for pub- 
lication, but as a guarantee of good faith. 

We cannot undertake to answer queries privately. 

To secure insertion of communications corre- 
spondents must observe the following rules. Let 
each note, query, or reply be written on a separate 
slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and 
such address as he wishes to appear. When answer- 
ing queries, or making notes with regard to previous 
entries in the paper, contributors are requested to 
put in parentheses, immediately after the exact 
heading, the series, volume, and page or pages to 
which they refer. Correspondents who repeat 
queries are requested to head the second com- 
munication " Duplicate." 

Nascot Lawn ("La Tentation de Saint An- 
toine"). — We suppose you refer to Gustave Flau- 
bert's book so entitled, but many writers have 
dealt with the subject. 

NOTICE. 

Editorial communications should be addressed 
to "The Editor of 'Notes and Queries'"— Adver- 
tisements and Business Letters to " The Pub- 
lisher" — at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery 
Lane, E.G. 

We beg leave to state that we decline to return 
communications which, for any reason, we do not 
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9«>s. XII. dkc. 1-2.1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 

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A NEW AND VALUABLE CONTRIBUTION 
TO AMERICAN HISTORY : : : .- .- 

The Storming of Stonj Point 

On the Hudson, Midnight, July 15, 1779 

... BY... 

HENRY P. J0HN5T0N, A.M. 

Professor of History, College of the City of New York 

Author of "The Campaign Around New York and Brooklyn in 1776," "Observ- 
ations ON Judge Jones' I^oyalist History of the Revolution," "The 
Official Record of Connecticut in the Revolution," " The York- 
town Campaign and Surrender of Cornwallis, 1781," "Yale in 
THE Revolution," "The Battle of Harlem Heights, 
1776," " The Public Papers and Correspondence 
of John Jay," 4 vols., and Many 
Historical Papers, etc. 

A Complete and Detailed Account of the Most Daring 
AND Heroic Undertaking of the American Revolution 

WITH ORIGINAL ILLUSTRATIONS, PORTRAITS, NEW MAPS AND DOCUMENTS 

230 Pages, Gilt Cloth; 8vo., Price, $1.50 net 

ANTHONY WAYNE'S capture of Stony Point, which the 
British called their " little Gibraltar," is considered one of 
the cleverest exploits of the Revolutionary War. There is no 
doubt as to what men thought of it at the time. To one it was 
"the finest stroke that has been struck this war." Another saw 
in it " a second Trenton," a comparison that revived, next to 
Saratoga, the happiest turn in the struggle. Another pardon- 
ably regarded it as quite equal to Caesar's "Veni, Vidi, Vici." 
WL "Among the most brilliant assaults I am acquainted with in his- 
"• tory," wrote General Charles Lee, who had missed the chance of 
having something of the same sort said of his own tactics at 
■ Monmouth the year before. The congratulatory messages and 



I 



letters that passed between Congress, the camp, State authori- 
ties, and public men, excited widespread rejoicing, which would 
have been still deeper could the effect of the defeat upon the 
enemy have been fully measured. It was more than an exploit. 
There was more in the event than its surprising completeness or 
the immediate disturbing effect which a blow of this kind would 
naturally have upon the operations of a campaign. It proved 
to be decisive for the year, which at that stage of the contest 
meant much for the American cause. How it affected the een- 
eral morale on both sides may appear from the story itself. 

THE AUTHOR'S THOROUGHNESS 

Professor Johnston's previous contributions to our Revolu- 
tionary history were all based upon original material, and the 
appreciation and acceptance accorded them are a guarantee of 
the value of this new work. His investigations for "The 
Storming of Stony Point " cover a period of twenty years, 
during which he has left no stone unturned in his search for 
original information, private memoranda, and public records 
bearing on the subject. As a result lie gives for the first time 
the official correspondence on the other side, which is excep- 
tionally interesting and historically important. 

WHAT IT CONTAINS 

Among the fifty-six documents in " Stony Point," there are 
two new letters from General Washington; four from Sir Henry 
Clinton, the British Commander-in-Chief; two from Lord Ger- 
main, Minister of War in London, one of which contains the 
King's regret and alarm at the defeat; one from the British 
Peace Commissioner, Eden, and more than twenty-five others 
from Generals Heath, McDougall, George Clinton, Colonels 
Febiger, Scammell, Putnam, and others, which are now pub- 
lished for the first time, throwing much light on the operations 
of 1778 and 1779, and Stony Point in particular. Few of the 
remaining documents have been utilized heretofore by historians, 
so that the present work may be said to be a rich contribution 
to the period and event. How England tried in vain to offset 

V i; -i 



the French alliance; how Spain came into the contest; how the 
ministry kept laying plans to re-establish " legal government " 
in the Colonies; how Sir Henry Clinton proposed to handle 
" Mr. Washington ; " how the latter declined to be handled; 
what George III. thought of matters; how he felt over the Stony 
Point " misfortune," and where some officials, having inside 
knowledge of things, put the blame for England's poor showing 
down to date — on these and minor points there is more light. 

The descriptions of the topography and map of Stony Point 
and vicinity, are made from personal observations of the author, 
who explored the entire region, and personally traced Wayne's 
line of march from West Point up, wild and precipitous hill- 
sides, over deep swamps and through dense ravines, under Torn 
Mountain, around the base of Bear Mountain, and over the 
massive Donderberg, in the heart of the Catskills, many miles 
down to Stony Point. 

PORTRAITS AND ILLUSTRATIONS 

A portrait of General Wayne — "Mad Anthony" — reproduced 
in photogravure from Trumbull's drawing, serves as a frontis- 
piece. There are also portraits of the other leaders; illustra- 
tions of the Point from photographs taken especially for the 
work; a new map in colors, covering the Hudson River from 
West Point to the scene of action, and a complete index. 

230 Pages, Gilt Cloth, by flail, Postpaid, $1.50 net 

JAMES T. WHITE & CO., Publishers 

5 and 7 East i6th 5t., New York 

' vr 

" N'o student of American Jdstory ean afford to miss tJiis important addition 
to his sources of information." — The INDEPENDENT. 

"^ valuable and entertaining contribution to Revolutionary literature."* — 
Boston Journal. 

"^ very interesting historical study of the famous night attack." — The 
Nation. 

'■ The story as told />y Prof. Johnston is a thrilling and exciting one; a good 
reminder to American patriotisfn." — Indianapolis News. 

" The book displays American historical scholarship at its best.'' — Chicago 
Tribune. Pc ^ ' ^ 























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